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Hnilicova P, Grendar M, Turcanova Koprusakova M, Trancikova Kralova A, Harsanyiova J, Krssak M, Just I, Misovicova N, Hikkelova M, Grossmann J, Spalek P, Meciarova I, Kurca E, Zilka N, Zelenak K, Bogner W, Kolisek M. Brain of miyoshi myopathy/dysferlinopathy patients presents with structural and metabolic anomalies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19267. [PMID: 39164335 PMCID: PMC11336102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Miyoshi myopathy/dysferlinopathy (MMD) is a rare muscle disease caused by DYSF gene mutations. Apart from skeletal muscles, DYSF is also expressed in the brain. However, the impact of MMD-causing DYSF variants on brain structure and function remains unexplored. To investigate this, we utilized magnetic resonance (MR) modalities (MR volumetry and 31P MR spectroscopy) in a family with seven children, four of whom have the illness. The MMD siblings showed distinct differences from healthy controls: (1) a significant (p < 0.001) right-sided volume asymmetry (+ 232 mm3) of the inferior lateral ventricles; and (2) a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in [Mg2+], along with a modified energy metabolism profile and altered membrane turnover in the hippocampus and motor and premotor cortices. The patients' [Mg2+], energy metabolism, and membrane turnover measures returned to those of healthy relatives after a month of 400 mg/day magnesium supplementation. This work is the first to describe anatomical and functional abnormalities characteristic of neurodegeneration in the MMD brain. Therefore, we call for further examination of brain functions in larger cohorts of MMD patients and testing of magnesium supplementation, which has proven to be an effective corrective approach in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hnilicova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marian Grendar
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Monika Turcanova Koprusakova
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alzbeta Trancikova Kralova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Harsanyiova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Krssak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivica Just
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jan Grossmann
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Spalek
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Bratislava, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Pazitkova 4, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Meciarova
- Department of Pathology, Unilabs Slovensko Patologia s.r.o., Ruzinovska 6, 82606, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Egon Kurca
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 5779/9, 84510, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Zelenak
- Clinic of Radiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601, Martin, Slovakia.
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Fazeli PL, Davey CH, Webel AR, Oliveira V, Buford TW, Vance DE, Burkholder G, Crane HM, Fleming J, Willig AL. Select Dietary Components Are Associated With Better Global Cognition in Adults With HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2024:00001782-990000000-00117. [PMID: 39137410 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment. Correlations were conducted between diet and cognitive function, adjusting for total calories, sex, and education (multiple comparison correction p values are reported). Diet quality of the sample was poor. Greater calories per day (r = 0.28, p =.08) and greater percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids (SFAs; r = 0.26, p = 0.08) were associated with better cognition. Higher intake of SFAs (rs 0.30-0.31, ps = 0.07), amino acids (rs = 0.27, ps = 0.08), and phosphorus (r = 0.29, p = .07) and magnesium (r = 0.25, p = .08) were associated with better cognition. A diet reflecting higher protein and fat relative to carbohydrates was associated with better cognition. Targeting individual nutrients, improving diet quality, and adequate caloric intake may preserve cognition in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L Fazeli
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christine Horvat Davey
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Allison R Webel
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vitor Oliveira
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David E Vance
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Greer Burkholder
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Julia Fleming
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amanda L Willig
- Pariya L. Fazeli, PhD is an Associate Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Christine Horvat Davey, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Allison R. Webel, PhD, RN, is the Aljoya Endowed Professor in Aging and Interim Robert G. and Jean A. Reid Executive Dean, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vitor Oliveira, PhD, is an Acting Instructor, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Thomas W. Buford, PhD, is a Professor, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA, and Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Greer Burkholder, MD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heidi M. Crane, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Julia Fleming, MD, is the Medical Director for Public Health Programs, The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Amanda L. Willig, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Pourhadi M, Zali H, Ghasemi R, Faizi M, Mojab F, Soufi Zomorrod M. Restoring Synaptic Function: How Intranasal Delivery of 3D-Cultured hUSSC Exosomes Improve Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3724-3741. [PMID: 38010560 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Memory problems are often the first signs of cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes (EXOs) have been studied for their therapeutic potential to improve the disease signs. While many studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of stem cells and exosomes on improving memory in different AD models, there is still insufficient data to determine how they modulate neural plasticity to enhance spatial memory and learning ability. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from 3D-cultured human Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells (hUSSCs) on spatial memory and neuroplasticity markers in a sporadic rat model of AD. Using male Wistar rats induced by intracerebral ventricle injection of streptozotocin, we demonstrated that intranasal administration of hUSSC-derived exosomes could decrease Aβ accumulation and improve learning and memory in the Morris water maze test. We also observed an increase in the expression of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic molecules involved in neuronal plasticity, including NMDAR1, integrin β1, synaptophysin, pPKCα, and GAP-43, in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that intranasal administration of exosomes can ameliorate spatial learning and memory deficits in rats, at least in part, by increasing the expression of neuroplasticity proteins. These results may encourage researchers to further investigate the molecular pathways involved in memory improvement after stem cell and exosome therapy, with the goal of increasing the efficacy and safety of exosome-based treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Pourhadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Shen Z, Yang M, Wang H, Liu Y, Gao Y. Changes in the urinary proteome of rats after short-term intake of magnesium L-threonate(MgT). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1305738. [PMID: 38188875 PMCID: PMC10768015 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1305738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Magnesium (Mg) is an important mineral in living organisms. Magnesium has multiple functions in the human body, wherein it plays an important therapeutic and preventive role in a variety of diseases. Methods Urine samples of rats before and after gavage of magnesium L-threonate (MgT) were collected, and the urinary proteome was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique and analyzed using various databases. Results and discussion The results illustrated that the urinary proteome of rats was significantly altered after short-term intake of magnesium supplements and that the differential proteins and the biological functions were related to magnesium. This study innovatively establishes a method to study nutrients from the perspective of urine proteomics. This work demonstrates that the urinary proteome is capable of reflecting the effects of nutrient intake on the organism in a more systematic and comprehensive manner and has the potential to provide clues for clinical nutrition research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Kozin S, Kravtsov A, Ivashchenko L, Dotsenko V, Vasilyeva L, Vasilyev A, Tekutskaya E, Aksenov N, Baryshev M, Dorohova A, Fedulova L, Dzhimak S. Study of the Magnesium Comenate Structure, Its Neuroprotective and Stress-Protective Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098046. [PMID: 37175753 PMCID: PMC10178379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure and the biological activity of a new coordination compound of magnesium ions with comenic acid, magnesium comenate, was characterized and studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the compound was investigated in detail using elemental X-ray fluorescent analysis, thermal analysis, IR-Fourier spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on experimental analytical data, the empirical formula of magnesium comenate [Mg(HCom)2(H2O)6]·2H2O was established. This complex compound crystallizes with eight water molecules, six of which are the hydration shell of the Mg2+ cation, and two more molecules bind the [Mg(H2O)6]2+ aquacation with ionized ligand molecules by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The packing of molecules in the crystal lattice is stabilized by a branched system of hydrogen bonds with the participation of solvate water molecules and oxygen atoms of various functional groups of ionized ligand molecules. With regard to the biological activity of magnesium comenate, a neuroprotective, stress-protective, and antioxidant effect was established in in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro experiments, magnesium comenate protected cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate and contributed to the preservation of neurite growth parameters under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. In animal studies, magnesium comenate had a stress-protective and antioxidant effect in models of immobilization-cold stress. Oral administration of magnesium comenate at a dose of 2 mg/kg of animal body weight for 3 days before stress exposure and for 3 days during the stress period led to a decrease in oxidative damage and normalization of the antioxidant system of brain tissues against the background of induced stress. The obtained results indicate the advisability of further studies of magnesium comenate as a compound potentially applicable in medicine for the pharmacological correction of conditions associated with oxidative and excitotoxic damage to nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kozin
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexandr Kravtsov
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lev Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Technologies for the Production of Physiologically Active Substances, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Dotsenko
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Lada Vasilyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Alexander Vasilyev
- Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Tekutskaya
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Nicolai Aksenov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, North Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anna Dorohova
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Lilia Fedulova
- Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, The V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Physics and Technology Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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6
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Babić Leko M, Langer Horvat L, Španić Popovački E, Zubčić K, Hof PR, Šimić G. Metals in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1161. [PMID: 37189779 PMCID: PMC10136077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Španić Popovački
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Humphrey CM, Hooker JW, Thapa M, Wilcox MJ, Ostrowski D, Ostrowski TD. Synaptic loss and gliosis in the nucleus tractus solitarii with streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148202. [PMID: 36521513 PMCID: PMC9840699 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, brainstem centers controlling respiration have received little attention in AD research, and mechanisms behind respiratory dysfunction in AD are not understood. The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is an important brainstem center for respiratory control and chemoreflex function. Alterations of nTS integrity, like those shown in AD patients, likely affect neuronal processing and adequate control of breathing. We used the streptozotocin-induced rat model of AD (STZ-AD) to analyze cellular changes in the nTS that corroborate previously documented respiratory dysfunction. We used 2 common dosages of STZ (2 and 3 mg/kg STZ) for model induction and evaluated the early impact on cell populations in the nTS. The hippocampus served as control region to identify site-specific effects of STZ. There was significant atrophy in the caudal nTS of the 3 mg/kg STZ-AD group only, an area known to integrate chemoafferent information. Also, the hippocampus had significant atrophy with the highest STZ dosage tested. Both STZ-AD groups showed respiratory dysfunction along with multiple indices for astroglial and microglial activation. These changes were primarily located in the caudal and intermediate nTS. While there was no change of astrocytes in the hippocampus, microglial activation was accompanied by a reduction in synaptic density. Together, our data demonstrate that STZ-AD induces site-specific effects on all major cell types, primarily in the caudal/intermediate nTS. Both STZ dosages used in this study produced a similar outcome and can be used for future studies examining the initial symptoms of STZ-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuma M Humphrey
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - John W Hooker
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Mason J Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Daniela Ostrowski
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, 100 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Tim D Ostrowski
- Department of Physiology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO, USA.
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8
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Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
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9
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Malekinia F, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Khoshnam SE, Navabi SP. Sesamin alleviates defects in seizure, behavioral symptoms, and hippocampus electroencephalogram in a pentylenetetrazol rat model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1016-1023. [PMID: 37605727 PMCID: PMC10440134 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69565.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Seizure is a prevalent disorder reflected by powerful and sudden activity of neural networks in the brain that leads to tonic-clonic attacks. These signs may be due to an increase in excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters ratio. So, the current experiment aimed to examine the seizure and neurobehavioral parameters, as well as the hippocampus local electroencephalogram (EEG) after seizure with and without sesamin pretreatment. Materials and Methods Sesamin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/5 ml, intraperitoneal or IP, vehicle: dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO, for 3 days) was administrated before pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (60 mg/kg/10 ml, IP, vehicle: saline), which induces acute seizure in adult male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g, six weeks old). Different phases of seizures (score, latency, duration, and frequency), behavioral parameters (passive avoidance memory, anxiety, and locomotor activity), and hippocampus local EEG were evaluated after the injections. At the end of the experiments, oxidative stress markers plus gene expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B or PI3K/Akt mRNA were measured in the hippocampus. Results Pretreatment with sesamin (30 mg/kg) could significantly decrease seizure scores and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. PTZ injection induced EEG deficits and neurobehavioral impairments which were significantly decreased by sesamin, especially in Beta, Theta, and delta EEG waves. Also, the expression of PI3K/Akt significantly increased in the sesamin (30 mg/kg) group in comparison with the PTZ group. Conclusion Sesamin could prevent seizure attacks and neurobehavioral and EEG deficits induced by pentylenetetrazol, probably through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farima Malekinia
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010223. [PMID: 36613667 PMCID: PMC9820677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is involved in the regulation of metabolism and in the maintenance of the homeostasis of all the tissues, including the brain, where it harmonizes nerve signal transmission and preserves the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mg deficiency contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation, the common denominator of most diseases. In particular, neuroinflammation is the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Starting from a rapid overview on the role of magnesium in the brain, this narrative review provides evidences linking the derangement of magnesium balance with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases.
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11
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. A Mini Review on the Various Facets Effecting Brain Delivery of Magnesium and Its Role in Neurological Disorders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8. [PMID: 36534337 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential cation present in the body that participates in the regulation of various vital body functions. Maintaining normal level of magnesium is essential for proper brain functions by regulating the activities of numerous neurotransmitters and their receptors. Various studies have been reported that magnesium level is found to be declined in both neurological and psychiatric diseases. Declined magnesium level in the brain initiates various cumbersome effects like excitotoxicity, altered blood-brain permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may further worsen the disease condition. Shreds of evidence from the experimental and clinical studies proved that exogenous administration of magnesium is useful for correcting disease-induced alterations in the brain. But one of the major limiting factors in the use of magnesium for treatment purposes is its poor blood-brain barrier permeability. Various approaches like the administration of its organic salts as pidolate and threonate forms, and the combination with polyethylene glycol or mannitol have been tried to improve its permeability to make magnesium as a suitable drug for different neurological disorders. These results have shown their experimental efficacy in diseased animal models, but studies regarding the safety and efficacy in human subjects are currently underway. We present a comprehensive review on the role of magnesium in the maintenance of normal functioning of the brain and various approaches for improving its BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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12
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Roy A, Sharma S, Nag TC, Katyal J, Gupta YK, Jain S. Cognitive Dysfunction and Anxiety Resulting from Synaptic Downscaling, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Ventricular Enlargement with Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Injection in Male Wistar Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2179-2202. [PMID: 36069980 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-resistant brain state is proposed to be the early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can be studied in the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) rodent model. ICV-STZ is reported to induce sporadic AD with the majority of the disease hallmarks as phenotype. On the other hand, available experimental evidence has used varying doses of STZ (< 1 to 3 mg/kg) and studied its effect for different study durations, ranging from 14 to 270 days. Though these studies suggest 3 mg/kg of ICV-STZ to be the optimum dose for progressive pathogenesis, the reason for such is elusive. Here, we sought to investigate the mechanism of action of 3 mg/kg ICV-STZ on cognitive and non-cognitive aspects at a follow-up interval of 2 weeks for 2 months. On the 60th day, we examined the layer thickness, cell density, ventricular volume, spine density, protein expression related to brain metabolism, and mitochondrial function by histological examination. The findings suggest a progressive loss of a spatial, episodic, and avoidance memory with an increase in anxiety in a span of 2 months. Furthermore, hippocampal neurodegeneration, ventricular enlargement, diffused amyloid plaque deposition, loss of spine in the dentate gyrus, and imbalance in energy homeostasis were found on the 60th day post-injection. Interestingly, AD rats showed a uniform fraction of time spent in four quadrants of the water maze with a change in strategy when they were exposed to height. Our findings reveal that ICV-STZ injection at a dose of 3 mg/kg can cause cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities due to structural loss both at the neuronal as well as the synaptic level, which is tightly associated with the change in neuronal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Roy
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. .,UMR-5297, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neurosciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Jatinder Katyal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Baltaci SB, Unal O, Gulbahce-Mutlu E, Gumus H, Pehlivanoglu S, Yardimci A, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The Role of Zinc Status on Spatial Memory, Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, and Insulin Signaling in icv-STZ-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer's-Like Disease in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4068-4078. [PMID: 34727320 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially its sporadic form (sAD), is of multifactorial nature. Brain insulin resistance and disrupted zinc homeostasis are two key aspects of AD that remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary zinc deficiency and supplementation on memory, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and insulin signaling in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ)-induced sAD in rats. The memory performance was evaluated by Morris water maze. The expression of hippocampal protein and mRNA levels of targets related to synaptic plasticity and insulin pathway was assessed by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. We found memory deficits in icv-STZ rats, which were fully recovered by zinc supplementation. Western blot analysis revealed that icv-STZ treatment significantly reduced hippocampal PSD95 and p-GSK3β, and zinc supplementation restored the normal protein levels. mRNA levels of BDNF, PSD95, SIRT1, GLUT4, insulin receptor, and ZnT3 were found to be reduced by icv-STZ and reestablished by zinc supplementation. Our data suggest that zinc supplementation improves cognitive deficits and rescues the decline in key molecular targets of synaptic plasticity and insulin signaling in hippocampus caused by icv-STZ induced sAD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltuk Bugra Baltaci
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, 42031, Turkey
| | - Omer Unal
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, 42031, Turkey
| | - Elif Gulbahce-Mutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Gumus
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Suray Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, 42031, Turkey
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14
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Islam F, Shohag S, Akhter S, Islam MR, Sultana S, Mitra S, Chandran D, Khandaker MU, Ashraf GM, Idris AM, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Exposure of metal toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease: An extensive review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903099. [PMID: 36105221 PMCID: PMC9465172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shomaya Akhter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Earth and Ocean Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Ghulam Md Ashraf, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Talha Bin Emran, ; Simona Cavalu,
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15
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The p.Pro482Ala Variant in the CNNM2 Gene Causes Severe Hypomagnesemia Amenable to Treatment with Spironolactone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137284. [PMID: 35806288 PMCID: PMC9266752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal hypomagnesemia syndromes involving CNNM2 protein pathogenic variants are associated with variable degrees of neurocognitive dysfunction and hypomagnesemia. Here, we report a family with a novel CNNM2 p.Pro482Ala variant, presenting with overt hypomagnesemia and mild neurological involvement (autosomal dominant renal hypomagnesemia 6, HOMG6, MIM# 613882). Using a bioinformatics approach, we showed that the p.Pro482Ala amino acid substitution causes a 3D conformational change in CNNM2 structure in the cystathionin beta synthase (CBS) domain and the carboxy-terminal protein segment. A novel finding was that aldosterone inhibition with spironolactone helped to alleviate hypomagnesemia and symptoms in the proband.
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16
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Activation of TGR5 Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Modulating Apoptosis, Neurogenesis, and Neuronal Firing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3716609. [PMID: 35464765 PMCID: PMC9033389 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3716609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is the first known G protein-coupled receptor specific for bile acids and is recognized as a new and critical target for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It is expressed in many brain regions associated with memory such as the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Here, we hypothesize that activation of TGR5 may ameliorate streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced cognitive impairment. The mouse model of cognitive impairment was established by a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of STZ (3.0 mg/kg), and we found that TGR5 activation by its agonist INT-777 (1.5 or 3.0 μg/mouse, ICV injection) ameliorated spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. Importantly, INT-777 reversed STZ-induced downregulation of TGR5 and glucose usage deficits. Our results further showed that INT-777 suppressed neuronal apoptosis and improved neurogenesis which were involved in tau phosphorylation and CREB-BDNF signaling. Moreover, INT-777 increased action potential firing of excitatory pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 and medial prefrontal cortex of ICV-STZ groups. Taken together, these findings reveal that activation of TGR5 has a neuroprotective effect against STZ-induced cognitive impairment by modulating apoptosis, neurogenesis, and neuronal firing in the brain and TGR5 might be a novel and potential target for Alzheimer's disease.
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17
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Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Form of Biotin on Propionic Acid-Induced Autistic Features in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061280. [PMID: 35334937 PMCID: PMC8955994 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium biotinate (MgB) is a novel biotin complex with superior absorption and anti-inflammatory effects in the brain than D-Biotin. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different doses of MgB on social behavior deficits, learning and memory alteration, and inflammatory markers in propionic acid (PPA)-exposed rats. In this case, 35 Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were distributed into five groups: 1, Control; 2, PPA treated group; 3, PPA+MgBI (10 mg, HED); 4, PPA+MgBII (100 mg, HED); 5, PPA+MgBIII (500 mg, HED). PPA was given subcutaneously at 500 mg/kg/day for five days, followed by MgB for two weeks. PPA-exposed rats showed poor sociability and a high level of anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairments (p < 0.001). In a dose-dependent manner, behavioral and learning-memory disorders were significantly improved by MgB supplementation (p < 0.05). PPA decreased both the numbers and the sizes of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. However, MgB administration increased the sizes and the densities of Purkinje cells. MgB improved the brain and serum Mg, biotin, serotonin, and dopamine concentrations, as well as antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH) (p < 0.05). In addition, MgB treatment significantly regulated the neurotoxicity-related cytokines and neurotransmission-related markers. For instance, MgB significantly decreased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, CCL-3, CCL-5, and CXCL-16 in the brain, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that MgB may ameliorate dysfunctions in social behavior, learning and memory and reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation indexes of the brain in a rat model.
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He S, Peng WB, Fu XJ, Zhou HL, Wang ZG. Deep Sea Water Alleviates Tau Phosphorylation and Cognitive Impairment via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:68-81. [PMID: 34982299 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep sea water (DSW), as a noticeable natural resource, has been demonstrated to contain high levels of beneficial minerals and exert marked anti-diabetes effects. Epidemiological studies show that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to high danger of Alzheimer's disease (AD); moreover, Akt/GSK-3β signaling is the main underlying pathway that connects these two diseases. Besides, it has been demonstrated that minerals in DSW, such as Mg, Se, and Zn, could effectively treat cognitive deficits associated with AD. Herein, we first observed the protection of DSW against cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats, then furtherly explored the neuroprotective mechanism in SH-SY5Y cell model. In T2DM rats, DSW obviously elevated the concentrations of elements Mg, V, Cr, Zn, and Se in brain and improved learning and memory dysfunction in behavior assays, including Morris water maze (MWM) and new object recognition (NOR). Western blot (WB) results demonstrated that DSW could stimulate PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling, arrest Tau hyperphosphorylation at serine (Ser) 396 and threonine (Thr)231, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In order to further confirm the mechanism, we employed wortmannin to inhibit PI3K in SH-SY5Y cells; results showed that pretreatment with wortmannin almost abolished DSW-induced decreases in phosphorylated Tau. Taken together, these data elucidated that DSW could improve Tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment, which were closely related with the stimulation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling, and the neuroprotective effects of DSW should be contributed to the synergistic effects of major and trace elements in it, such as Mg, V, Cr, Zn, and Se. These experimental evidence indicated that DSW may be explored as natural neuroprotective food for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Wei-Bing Peng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xian-Jun Fu
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhou
- School of Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wang
- School of Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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19
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El-Domiaty HF, El-Roghy ES, Salem HR. Combination of magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity: a functional and histological study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:296-308. [PMID: 35225658 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effects of co-supplementation with Mg2+ and treadmill exercise on memory deficit in aged rats. Fifty male albino rats (10 young and 40 aged rats) were divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group): young, aged sedentary, aged exercised, aged Mg2+-supplemented, and aged exercised and Mg2+-supplemented. Memory was assessed using the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP). Subsequently, brain malondialdehyde and catalase levels were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampi were performed. Our results showed impaired memory in aged sedentary rats, with significantly elevated plasma CRP and brain malondialdehyde levels and decreased brain catalase. The hippocampus of aged sedentary rats showed cellular degeneration, downregulation of synaptophysin (SYP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and caspase-3. Mg2+ supplementation and/or treadmill exercise significantly improved memory tests in aged rats, which could be explained by the upregulation of hippocampal SYP and PCNA expression and downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3 expression with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The combined therapy had a better effect than both treatments alone, confirming the role of Mg2+ supplementation with physical exercise in enhancing age-related memory deficit. Novelty: Magnesium supplementation with treadmill exercise improves memory deficit in aged rats. The possible mechanisms are upregulation of the hippocampal synaptophysin and PCNA, downregulation of GFAP and caspase-3, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Fathy El-Domiaty
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Roghy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Heba Rady Salem
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
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20
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Du K, Zheng X, Ma ZT, Lv JY, Jiang WJ, Liu MY. Association of Circulating Magnesium Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease From 1991 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:799824. [PMID: 35082658 PMCID: PMC8784804 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.799824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a medical and social challenge worldwide. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most frequently evaluated essential minerals with diverse biological functions in human body. However, the association between circulating Mg levels and AD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of 21 studies published between 1991 and 2021 to determine whether the Mg levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are abnormal in AD. Literatures were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data without language limitations. A pooled subject sample including 1,112 AD patients and 1,001 healthy controls (HCs) was available to assess Mg levels in serum and plasma; 284 AD patients and 117 HCs were included for Mg levels in CSF. It was found that serum and plasma levels of Mg were significantly reduced in AD patients compared with HCs (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.36, -0.43]; P = 0.000). There was statistically non-significant for Mg level in CSF between AD and HCs, whereas a decreased tendency were detected (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI [-0.50, 0.18]; P = 0.364). .In addition, when we analyzed the Mg levels of serum, plasma and CSF together, the circulating Mg levels in AD patients was significantly lower (SMD = -0.74, 95% CI [-1.13; -0.35]; P = 0.000). These results indicate that Mg deficiency may be a risk factor of AD and Mg supplementation may be a potentially valuable adjunctive treatment for AD. Systematic Review Registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42021254557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Tai Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Ya Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Deeh Defo PB, Sahin N, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Effects of a Novel Magnesium Complex on Metabolic and Cognitive Functions and the Expression of Synapse-Associated Proteins in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:247-260. [PMID: 33591492 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of a novel form of magnesium, Mg picolinate (MgPic), to magnesium oxide (MgO) on metabolic and cognitive functions and the expression of genes associated with these functions in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, MgO, MgPic, HFD, HFD + MgO, and HFD + MgPic. Mg was supplemented at 500 mg of elemental Mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. MgPic and MgO supplementation decreased visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, FFA, testosterone, FSH, LH, SHBG, IGF-1, and MDA levels, but increased brain SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in HFD rats. Inflammation and cognitive-related markers (presynaptic synapsin PSD95, postsynaptic PSD93, postsynaptic GluR1, and GluR2) were improved in HFD rats administered Mg, with more significant effects seen in the MgPic group. MgPic also decreased brain NF-κB but elevated brain Nrf2 levels, compared with the HFD group. The phosphorylation levels of Akt (Thr308), Akt (Ser473), PI3K try 458/199, and Ser9-GSK-3 in the brain were improved after Mg treatment in HFD rats, with more potent effects seen from MgPic supplementation. MgPic has a higher bioavailability and is more effective in improving metabolic parameters and enhancing memory than MgO. The pro-cognitive effects of MgO and MgPic could be mediated via modulation of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor and activation of the PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway. These findings further support the use of MgPic in the management of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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22
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Yavuz YC, Cetin N, Menevşe E, Cizmecioglu A, Celik E, Biyik Z, Sevinc C, Yavuz S, Korez MK, Altintepe L. Can magnesium sulfate prophylaxis reduce colistin nephrotoxicity? Nefrologia 2021; 41:661-669. [PMID: 36165156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the role of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in nephrotoxicity caused by colistin. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, colistin, magnesium (Mg), and Mg+colistin. The drugs were administered to the groups for seven days. Urea-creatinine values were measured at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in plasma and kidney tissue, glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed in the erythrocyte and kidney tissues. At the end of the study, the semiquantitative score (SQS) was calculated by the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Urea values significantly decreased in Mg and Mg+colistin groups compared to the baseline (p=0.013 and p=0.001). At the time of T1, these groups had significantly lower urea values than the colistin and control groups. Creatinine value was significantly increased in the colistin group compared to baseline (p=0.005), the creatinine value in the colistin group was significantly higher than the Mg+colistin group (p=0.011). Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in the colistin group compared to the other groups at the time of T1 (p<0.001). The Mg+colistin group had lower renal MDA levels than the colistin group. The colistin group had significantly higher renal tubular grade (p=0.035), renal affected area (p<0.001), and SQS (p=0.001) than the Mg+colistin group. The results of the study suggested that Mg sulfate may have a nephrotoxicity-reducing effect on colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Cetin
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevşe
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cizmecioglu
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esin Celik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Biyik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Nephrology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Can Sevinc
- Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Nephrology Department, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- University of Healthy Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazim Korez
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics Department, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Babić Leko M, Jurasović J, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Lukinović Škudar V, Bačić Baronica K, Kiđemet-Piskač S, Vogrinc Ž, Pivac N, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. The Association of Essential Metals with APOE Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:661-672. [PMID: 34057084 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major confirmed genetic risk factor for late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is variant ɛ4 of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). It is proposed that ApoE, a protein involved in transport of cholesterol to neurons can cause neurodegeneration in AD through interaction with metals. Previous studies mostly associated copper, iron, zinc, and calcium with ApoE4-mediated toxicity. OBJECTIVE To test the association of essential metals with APOE genotype. METHODS We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of copper, zinc, iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, boron, and chromium, and CSF ferritin levels among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy controls (HC) with different APOE genotype. RESULTS Sodium, copper, and magnesium levels were increased in carriers of ɛ4 allele. Additionally, the increase in sodium, calcium and cobalt plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4/ɛx genotype. The decrease in boron plasma levels was observed in carriers of ɛ4 allele and ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype. Additionally, CSF zinc levels as well as plasma sodium levels were increased in AD patients compared to HC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the molecular underpinnings of association of essential metals and metalloids with APOE should be further tested and clarified in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Lukinović Škudar
- Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Bačić Baronica
- University Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia and Neurology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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24
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Zhu X, Borenstein AR, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Seidner DL, Ness R, Murff HJ, Li B, Shrubsole MJ, Yu C, Hou L, Dai Q. Ca:Mg Ratio, APOE Cytosine Modifications, and Cognitive Function: Results from a Randomized Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:85-98. [PMID: 32280092 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration of ionized calcium (Ca2+) handling in neurons could lead to neurodegenerative disease. Magnesium (Mg) antagonizes Ca during many physiologic activities, including energy metabolism and catalyzation of demethylation from 5-methylcytosine(5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5-hmC). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that actively reducing the Ca:Mg intake ratio in the diet through Mg supplementation improves cognitive function, and to test whether this effect is partially mediated by modified cytosines in Apolipoprotein E (APOE). METHODS This study is nested within the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT), a double-blind 2×2 factorial randomized controlled trial, which enrolled 250 participants from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Target doses for both Mg and placebo arms were personalized. RESULTS Among those aged > 65 years old who consumed a high Ca:Mg ratio diet, we found that reducing the Ca:Mg ratio to around 2.3 by personalized Mg supplementation significantly improved cognitive function by 9.1% (p = 0.03). We also found that reducing the Ca:Mg ratio significantly reduced 5-mC at the cg13496662 and cg06750524 sites only among those aged > 65 years old (p values = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, the beneficial effect of reducing the Ca:Mg ratio on cognitive function in those aged over 65 years was partially mediated by reductions in 5-mC levels (i.e., cg13496662 and cg06750524) in APOE (p for indirect effect = 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, among those age 65 and over with a high dietary Ca:Mg ratio, optimal Mg status may improve cognitive function partially through modifications in APOE methylation. These findings, if confirmed, have significant implications for the prevention of cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease.Clinical Trial Registry number and website: #100106 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03265483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy R Borenstein
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas L Seidner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid Ness
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harvey J Murff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Chen MH, Wang TJ, Chen LJ, Jiang MY, Wang YJ, Tseng GF, Chen JR. The effects of astaxanthin treatment on a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:151-163. [PMID: 33932491 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and dementia, could be a consequence of the abnormalities of cortical milieu, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or accompanied with the aggregation of β-amyloid. The majority of AD patients are sporadic, late-onset AD, which predominantly occurs over 65 years of age. Our results revealed that the ferrous amyloid buthionine (FAB)-infused sporadic AD-like model showed deficits in spatial learning and memory and with apparent loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in medial septal (MS) nucleus. In hippocampal CA1 region, the loss of pyramidal neurons was accompanied with cholinergic fiber loss and neuroinflammatory responses including glial reaction and enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Surviving hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons showed the reduction of dendritic spines as well. Astaxanthin (ATX), a potent antioxidant, reported to improve the outcome of oxidative-stress-related diseases. The ATX treatment in FAB-infused rats decreased neuroinflammation and restored the ChAT + fibers in hippocampal CA1 region and the ChAT expression in MS nucleus. It also partly recovered the spine loss on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and ameliorated the behavioral deficits in AD-like rats. From these data, we believed that the ATX can be a potential option for slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hsuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsyr-Jiuan Wang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jin Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Fang Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Rung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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26
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Yavuz YC, Cetin N, Menevşe E, Cizmecioglu A, Celik E, Biyik Z, Sevinc C, Yavuz S, Korez MK, Altintepe L. Can magnesium sulfate prophylaxis reduce colistin nephrotoxicity? Nefrologia 2021; 41:S0211-6995(21)00057-6. [PMID: 33892977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the role of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in nephrotoxicity caused by colistin. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, colistin, magnesium (Mg), and Mg+colistin. The drugs were administered to the groups for seven days. Urea-creatinine values were measured at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in plasma and kidney tissue, glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed in the erythrocyte and kidney tissues. At the end of the study, the semiquantitative score (SQS) was calculated by the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Urea values significantly decreased in Mg and Mg+colistin groups compared to the baseline (p=0.013 and p=0.001). At the time of T1, these groups had significantly lower urea values than the colistin and control groups. Creatinine value was significantly increased in the colistin group compared to baseline (p=0.005), the creatinine value in the colistin group was significantly higher than the Mg+colistin group (p=0.011). Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in the colistin group compared to the other groups at the time of T1 (p<0.001). The Mg+colistin group had lower renal MDA levels than the colistin group. The colistin group had significantly higher renal tubular grade (p=0.035), renal affected area (p<0.001), and SQS (p=0.001) than the Mg+colistin group. The results of the study suggested that Mg sulfate may have a nephrotoxicity-reducing effect on colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nihal Cetin
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevşe
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cizmecioglu
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esin Celik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Biyik
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Nephrology Department, Konya, Turkey
| | - Can Sevinc
- Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Nephrology Department, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- University of Healthy Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazim Korez
- Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics Department, Konya, Turkey
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Pan D, Gu JH, Zhang J, Hu Y, Liu F, Iqbal K, Cekic N, Vocadlo DJ, Dai CL, Gong CX. Thiamme2-G, a Novel O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor, Reduces Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Rescues Cognitive Impairment in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:273-286. [PMID: 33814439 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously found that O-GlcNAcylation inversely correlates to hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD brain, and downregulation of brain O-GlcNAcylation promotes tau hyperphosphorylation and AD-like neurodegeneration in mice. OBJECTIVE Herein we investigated the effect of increasing O-GlcNAcylation by using intermittent dosing with low doses of a potent novel O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor on AD-like brain changes and cognitive function in a mouse model of sporadic AD (sAD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS STZ was injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL/6J mice. From the second day, Thiamme2-G (TM2G) or saline, as a vehicle control, was orally administered to the ICV-STZ mice three times per week for five weeks. A separate group of ICV-saline mice treated with saline was used as a baseline control. Behavioral tests, including open field and novel object recognition, were conducted three weeks after the first dose of the TM2G or saline. Protein O-GlcNAcylation, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic proteins, and neuroinflammation in the mouse brain were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS ICV-STZ caused decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation. Enhancement of O-GlcNAcylation to moderate levels by using low-dose OGA inhibitor in ICV-STZ mice prevented STZ-induced body weight loss, rescued cognitive impairments, and restored AD-like pathologies, including hyperphosphorylation of tau and abnormalities in synaptic proteins and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that moderately increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation by using low doses of OGA inhibitor may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmin Pan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yae Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Nevena Cekic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Chen C, Xun P, Unverzagt F, McClure LA, Irvin MR, Judd S, Cushman M, He K. Serum magnesium concentration and incident cognitive impairment: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1511-1520. [PMID: 32737612 PMCID: PMC7854858 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the prospective association between serum Mg level and the incidence of cognitive impairment. METHODS A random sub-cohort (n = 2063) from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort was included in this study. Baseline serum Mg concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to the current reference interval of serum magnesium (0.75-0.95 mmol/L), we classified participants below the interval as Level 1 and used it as the referent. The rest of the study population were equally divided into three groups, named Level 2 to 4. Incident cognitive impairment was identified using the Six-Item Screener. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse threshold association between serum Mg level and incident cognitive impairment was observed. Compared to those with hypomagnesemia (Level 1: < 0.75 mmol/L), the relative odds of incident cognitive impairment was reduced by 41% in the second level [OR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.37, 0.94)]; higher serum Mg level did not provide further benefits [Level 3 and 4 versus Level 1: OR (95% CI) = 0.54 (0.34, 0.88) and 0.59 (0.36, 0.96), P for linear trend = 0.08]. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this prospective study suggest that sufficient Mg status within the normal range may be beneficial to cognitive health in the US general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Frederick Unverzagt
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marguerite Ryan Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ka He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th Street, Suite 16-62, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868 Mycelium with The Addition of Bioavailable Forms of Magnesium from Deep Ocean Water Prevents the Aβ40 and Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit via Suppressing Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Increasing Magnesium Uptake of Brain. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by continuous accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. Deep ocean water (DOW) with rich inorganic salts and minerals was proven to promote fungi growth and metabolism. Cordyceps cicada, a functional food fungus, can produce higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds including adenosine, polysaccharide, and N(6)-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA). This study used DOW as the culture water of C. cicadae NTTU 868 for producing DOW-cultured C. cicadae (DCC), and further investigated the effects and mechanisms on improving the memory deficit and repressing risk factors expressions in Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer’s disease rats model. In the results, DCC including mycelium and filtrate had adenosine, HEA, polysaccharide, and intracellular Mg2+ after fermentation with DOW. DCC had more effect on the improvement of memory deficit because it suppressed Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ) infusion caused BACE, pro-inflammatory factors expressions, and Aβ40 accumulation by increasing sRAGE expression in the brain. Furthermore, DCC enhanced the MAGT1 expression due to high organic magnesium, which can reverse Aβ40-induced cortex magnesium deficiency and further repress Aβ40 accumulation.
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Magnesium in Aging, Health and Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020463. [PMID: 33573164 PMCID: PMC7912123 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several changes of magnesium (Mg) metabolism have been reported with aging, including diminished Mg intake, impaired intestinal Mg absorption and renal Mg wasting. Mild Mg deficits are generally asymptomatic and clinical signs are usually non-specific or absent. Asthenia, sleep disorders, hyperemotionality, and cognitive disorders are common in the elderly with mild Mg deficit, and may be often confused with age-related symptoms. Chronic Mg deficits increase the production of free radicals which have been implicated in the development of several chronic age-related disorders. Numerous human diseases have been associated with Mg deficits, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and stroke, cardio-metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, airways constrictive syndromes and asthma, depression, stress-related conditions and psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia syndromes, muscular diseases (muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and fibromyalgia), bone fragility, and cancer. Dietary Mg and/or Mg consumed in drinking water (generally more bioavailable than Mg contained in food) or in alternative Mg supplements should be taken into consideration in the correction of Mg deficits. Maintaining an optimal Mg balance all through life may help in the prevention of oxidative stress and chronic conditions associated with aging. This needs to be demonstrated by future studies.
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Abscisic acid interplays with PPARγ receptors and ameliorates diabetes-induced cognitive deficits in rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 11:247-257. [PMID: 34046321 PMCID: PMC8140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intended to evaluate if central administration of abscisic acid (ABA) alone or in combination with GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist, could modulate learning and memory as well as hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were than treated with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ABA (10, 15 and 20 µg/rat), GW9662 (3 µg/rat) or GW9662 (3 µg/rat) plus ABA (20 µg/rat). Animals' spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory performances were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box tasks, respectively. Further, in vivo electrophysiological field recordings were assessed in the CA1 region. RESULTS STZ diabetic rats showed diminished learning and memory in both MWM and shuttle box tasks. The STZ-induced memory deficits were attenuated by central infusion of ABA (10 and 20 µg/rat). Besides, STZ injection impaired long-term potentiation induction in CA1 neurons that was attenuated by ABA at 20 μg/rat. Central administration of GW9662 (3 µg/rat) alone did not modify STZ-induced spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory performances of rats. Further, GW9662 prevented ABA capacity to restore learning and memory in behavioral and electrophysiology trials. CONCLUSION Altogether, ABA ameliorates cognitive deficits in rats via activation of PPAR-γ receptor in diabetic rats.
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. 'Magnesium'-the master cation-as a drug-possibilities and evidences. Biometals 2021; 34:955-986. [PMID: 34213669 PMCID: PMC8249833 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg2+) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn't get much attention in account with its functions, making it a "Forgotten cation". Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg2+ is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg2+ as a drug. The roles of Mg2+ such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg2+ are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Zaman S, Begum Y, Ashraf GM, Bin-Jumah MN, Bungau SG, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim YS, Won YJ, Lim BG, Min TJ, Kim YH, Lee IO. Neuroprotective effects of magnesium L-threonate in a hypoxic zebrafish model. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:29. [PMID: 32590943 PMCID: PMC7318545 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inhibits the uptake of glutamate (a major neurotransmitter in the brain closely related to cognitive function) into brain cells, and the initial response of cells to cortical hypoxia depends on glutamate. Previous studies have suggested that magnesium may have protective effects against hypoxic injuries. In particular, magnesium L-threonate (MgT) may increase magnesium ion concentrations in the brain better than MgSO4 and improve cognitive function. METHODS We evaluated cell viability under hypoxic conditions in the MgT- and MgSO4-treated human SH-SY5Y neurons, in vivo behavior using the T-maze test following hypoxia in MgT-treated zebrafish, activity of brain mitochondrial dehydrogenase by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and protein expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 4 glutamate transporter by western blotting. RESULTS Among the groups treated with hypoxia, cell viability significantly increased when pre-treated with 1 or 10 mM MgT (p = 0.009 and 0.026, respectively). Despite hypoxic insult, MgT-treated zebrafish showed preferences for the red compartment (p = 0.025 for distance and p = 0.007 for frequency of entries), suggesting memory preservation. TTC staining showed reduced cerebral infarction and preserved absorbance in the MgT-treated zebrafish brain after hypoxia (p = 0.010 compared to the hypoxia group). In addition, western blot showed upregulation of EAAT4 protein in the MgT treated group. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with MgT attenuated cell death and cerebral infarction due to hypoxia and protected cognitive function in zebrafish. In addition, MgT appeared to modulate expression of the glutamate transporter, EAAT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Won
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Too Jae Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Il Ok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061661. [PMID: 32503201 PMCID: PMC7352515 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnesium is an essential cation involved in many functions within the central nervous system, including transmission and intracellular signal transduction. Several studies have shown its usefulness in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, it seems that magnesium levels are lowered in the course of several mental disorders, especially depression. Objectives: In this study, we wish to evaluate the presence of a relationship between the levels of magnesium and the presence of psychiatric pathology as well as the effectiveness of magnesium as a therapeutic supplementation. Methods: A systematic search of scientific records concerning magnesium in psychiatric disorders published from 2010 up to March 2020 was performed. We collected a total of 32 articles: 18 on Depressive Disorders (DD), four on Anxiety Disorders (AD), four on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), three on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), one on Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), one on Schizophrenia (SCZ) and one on Eating Disorders (ED). Results: Twelve studies highlighted mainly positive results in depressive symptoms. Seven showed a significant correlation between reduced plasma magnesium values and depression measured with psychometric scales. Two papers reported improved depressive symptoms after magnesium intake, two in association with antidepressants, compared to controls. No significant association between magnesium serum levels and panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients, in two distinct papers, was found. In two other papers, a reduced Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score in depressed patients correlated with higher levels of magnesium and beneficial levels of magnesium in stressed patients was found. Two papers reported low levels of magnesium in association with ADHD. Only one of three papers showed lower levels of magnesium in ASD. ED and SCZ reported a variation in magnesium levels in some aspects of the disease. Conclusion: The results are not univocal, both in terms of the plasma levels and of therapeutic effects. However, from the available evidence, it emerged that supplementation with magnesium could be beneficial. Therefore, it is necessary to design ad hoc clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium alone or together with other drugs (antidepressants) in order to establish the correct use of this cation with potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botturi
- Neurologic Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Boscutti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Bianca Viscardi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (B.V.); (P.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Al-Ghazali K, Eltayeb S, Musleh A, Al-Abdi T, Ganji V, Shi Z. Serum Magnesium and Cognitive Function Among Qatari Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:101. [PMID: 32351381 PMCID: PMC7174684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies found that low blood magnesium increases the risk of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, and hypertension. These ailments are associated with declined cognitive function. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between serum magnesium and cognitive function among Qatari adults. In addition, we assessed the interaction relation between low serum magnesium, hypertension, and diabetes in relation to cognitive function. Method: Data from 1,000 Qatari participants aged ≥20 years old who participated in the Qatar Biobank (QBB) Study were analyzed. Serum magnesium was measured by an automated calorimetric method and suboptimal magnesium was characterized by <0.85 mmol/l. Cognitive function was determined by measuring the mean reaction time (MRT) based on a computer-based, self-administered test. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the relation between serum magnesium concentrations and cognitive function. Results: The prevalence of suboptimal magnesium was 57.1%. Across the four quartiles of serum magnesium from the lowest to the highest, the regression coefficients (95% CI) for MRT were 0 (reference), −17.8, −18.3, and −31.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.1; p for trend 0.05). The presence of hypertension and diabetes significantly increased the MRT. Women with suboptimal magnesium and hypertension had the highest MRT. Conclusion: The prevalence of suboptimal magnesium is high in Qatar. There was a direct association between serum magnesium and cognitive function. Low magnesium concentrations were associated with a longer MRT.
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Samad N, Yasmin F, Manzoor N. Biomarkers in Drug Free Subjects with Depression : Correlation with Tryptophan. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:948-953. [PMID: 31711278 PMCID: PMC6933134 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a prevalent condition that is costly to individuals and society. In view of a role of tryptophan (TRP), selenium (Se), vitamin D (Vit D), magnesium (Mg) and serotonin in depression, the present study concerns to evaluate the circulating levels of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg and serotonin in depression as well as the correlation between TRP and other serum analytes is also established. METHODS Healthy (n=48) and depressed (n=48) subjects were recruited and their blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast of 12 h, serum was stored for the determination of levels of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg, and serotonin. RESULTS Results show that levels of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg, and serotonin were decreased in the depressed patient when compared to normal subjects. There is a direct correlation between TRP and Vit D, and TRP and Se while the inverse correlation between TRP and Mg, and TRP and serotonin in depressed subjects. The association among TRP and other biomarkers is non-significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, depression is associated with deficiency of TRP, Se, Vit D, Mg, and serotonin displays the characteristics of biomarkers. The correlation between TRP and other biomarkers/trace elements is also important in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Yasmin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Food Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Dastan Z, Pouramir M, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ghasemzadeh Z, Dadgar M, Gol M, Ashrafpour M, Pourghasem M, Moghadamnia AA, Khafri S. Arbutin reduces cognitive deficit and oxidative stress in animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1145-1153. [PMID: 31251091 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1638376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Recent evidences have shown the beneficial effects of natural products for treating of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Arbutin is derived from Pyrus biossieriana and exerts a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of arbutin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: The spatial memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) microinjection of STZ (3 mg/kg, 10 μL). Animals received the pretreatment of arbutin (50 mg/kg) for 21 days before STZ injection. The Morris Water maze (MWM) task was used to study the spatial learning and memory. The levels of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite and carbonyl were measured in serum and hippocampus samples. In addition, antioxidant level was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test. Results: The obtained result indicated that administration of STZ is led to memory impairment and increases the levels of oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus tissues. Conversely, arbutin improves spatial memory and reduces oxidative and nitrosative stress, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the amount of MDA and nitrite in the serum and hippocampus. In addition, an increase in FRAP levels of hippocampus was observed in arbutin receiving animals. The protein carbonyl content was not reduced in arbutin receiving animals. Conclusion: It could be concluded that arbutin protects the brain against STZ-induced memory impairment and oxidative damage in the hippocampus. The neuroprotective effect of arbutin might be mediated through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Dastan
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouramir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dadgar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Mohammad Gol
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Manouchehr Ashrafpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Mohsen Pourghasem
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol , Iran
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Magnesium Is a Key Player in Neuronal Maturation and Neuropathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143439. [PMID: 31336935 PMCID: PMC6678825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant cation in mammalian cells, and it is essential for numerous cellular processes including enzymatic reactions, ion channel functions, metabolic cycles, cellular signaling, and DNA/RNA stabilities. Because of the versatile and universal nature of Mg2+, the homeostasis of intracellular Mg2+ is physiologically linked to growth, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and death of cells. On the cellular and tissue levels, maintaining Mg2+ within optimal levels according to the biological context, such as cell types, developmental stages, extracellular environments, and pathophysiological conditions, is crucial for development, normal functions, and diseases. Hence, Mg2+ is pathologically involved in cancers, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and demyelination. In the research field regarding the roles and mechanisms of Mg2+ regulation, numerous controversies caused by its versatility and complexity still exist. As Mg2+, at least, plays critical roles in neuronal development, healthy normal functions, and diseases, appropriate Mg2+ supplementation exhibits neurotrophic effects in a majority of cases. Hence, the control of Mg2+ homeostasis can be a candidate for therapeutic targets in neuronal diseases. In this review, recent results regarding the roles of intracellular Mg2+ and its regulatory system in determining the cell phenotype, fate, and diseases in the nervous system are summarized, and an overview of the comprehensive roles of Mg2+ is provided.
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Duggal P, Mehan S. Neuroprotective Approach of Anti-Cancer Microtubule Stabilizers Against Tauopathy Associated Dementia: Current Status of Clinical and Preclinical Findings. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:179-218. [PMID: 31435618 PMCID: PMC6700530 DOI: 10.3233/adr-190125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubule (MT) tau protein provides cytoskeleton to neuronal cells and plays a vital role including maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, and cell division. Tau hyperphosphorylation mediates MT destabilization resulting in axonopathy and neurotransmitter deficit, and ultimately causing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a dementing disorder affecting vast geriatric populations worldwide, characterized by the existence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in a hyperphosphorylated state. Pre-clinically, streptozotocin stereotaxically mimics the behavioral and biochemical alterations similar to AD associated with tau pathology resulting in MT assembly defects, which proceed neuropathological cascades. Accessible interventions like cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonist clinically provides only symptomatic relief. Involvement of microtubule stabilizers (MTS) prevents tauopathy particularly by targeting MT oriented cytoskeleton and promotes polymerization of tubulin protein. Multiple in vitro and in vivo research studies have shown that MTS can hold substantial potential for the treatment of AD-related tauopathy dementias through restoration of tau function and axonal transport. Moreover, anti-cancer taxane derivatives and epothiolones may have potential to ameliorate MT destabilization and prevent the neuronal structural and functional alterations associated with tauopathies. Therefore, this current review strictly focuses on exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features available for AD to understand the neuropathological mechanisms as well as introduce pharmacological interventions associated with MT stabilization. MTS from diverse natural sources continue to be of value in the treatment of cancer, suggesting that these agents have potential to be of interest in the treatment of AD-related tauopathy dementia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Duggal
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Abstract
Neurodegeneration is defined as the progressive loss of structure or function of the neurons. As the nature of degenerative cell loss is currently not clear, there is no specific molecular marker to measure neurodegeneration. Therefore, researchers have been using apoptotic markers to measure neurodegeneration. However, neurodegeneration is completely different from apoptosis by morphology and time course. Lacking specific molecular marker has been the major hindrance in research of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and tau accumulation forming neurofibrillary tangles is a hallmark pathology in the AD brains, suggesting that tau must play a critical role in AD neurodegeneration. Here we review part of our published papers on tau-related studies, and share our thoughts on the nature of tau-associated neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province and Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province and Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fronza MG, Baldinotti R, Martins MC, Goldani B, Dalberto BT, Kremer FS, Begnini K, Pinto LDS, Lenardão EJ, Seixas FK, Collares T, Alves D, Savegnago L. Rational design, cognition and neuropathology evaluation of QTC-4-MeOBnE in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7276. [PMID: 31086208 PMCID: PMC6513848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology characterized by amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary formation, oxidative stress and cholinergic system dysfunction. In this sense, here we report the rational design of a multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) for AD based on virtual screening and bioinformatic analyses, exploring the molecular targets β-secretase (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). After this screening, the compound with higher molecular docking affinity was selected, the 1-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxamide(QTC-4-MeOBnE). To further our studies, the protective effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE (0.1 and 1 mg/kg for 20 days) on STZ-induced sporadic AD mice was determined. QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment attenuated cognitive and memory deficit induced by STZ in an object recognition test, Y-maze, social recognition test and step-down passive avoidance. The mechanisms underlying this action might be attributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and reactive species formation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice submitted to STZ. In addition, QTC-4-MeOBnE pretreatment abolished the up-regulation of AChE activity and the overexpression of GSK 3β and genes involved in amyloid cascade such as BACE-1, protein precursor amyloid, у-secretase, induced by STZ. Moreover, toxicological parameters were not modified by QTC-4-MeOBnE chronic treatment. This evidence suggests that QTC-4-MeOBnE exerts its therapeutic effect through multiple pathways involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Baldinotti
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Martins
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Goldani
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Thaís Dalberto
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Frederico Schmitt Kremer
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Proteomics - BIOPRO-LAB, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Oncology Research Group - GPO, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis - LASOL, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Research Group on Neurobiotechnology - GPN, CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Toffa DH, Magnerou MA, Kassab A, Hassane Djibo F, Sow AD. Can magnesium reduce central neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease? Basic evidences and research needs. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:195-202. [PMID: 30905744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial divalent cation with more than 300 cellular functions. This ion shows therapeutic properties in several neurological diseases. Although there are numerous basic evidences showing that Mg can inhibit pathological processes involved in neuroglial degeneration, this low-cost option is not well-considered in clinical research and practice for now. Nevertheless, none of the expensive drugs currently recommended by the classic guidelines (in addition to physiological rehabilitation) had shown exceptional effectiveness. Herein, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyze the therapeutic pathways that support the use of Mg for neurogenesis and neuroprotection. According to experimental findings reviewed, Mg shows interesting abilities to facilitate toxin clearance, reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit the pathologic processing of amyloid protein precursor (APP) as well as the abnormal tau protein phosphorylation, and to reverse the deregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Currently, some crucial details of the mechanisms involved in these proved effects remain elusive and clinical background is poor. Therefore, further studies are required to enable a better overview on pharmacodynamic targets of Mg and thus, to find optimal pharmacologic strategies for clinical use of this ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dènahin Hinnoutondji Toffa
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Neurology Division, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - Ali Kassab
- Epilepsy Lab, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Wei J, Yang F, Gong C, Shi X, Wang G. Protective effect of daidzein against streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease via improving cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22319. [PMID: 30897277 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is performing an essential role in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and age-related disorder and other neurodegenerative diseases. In existing research, we have aimed at investigating the daidzein (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone) effect (10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight), as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant in streptozotocin (STZ) infused AD in rat model. Daidzein treatment led to significant improvement in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced memory and learning impairments that was evaluated by Morris water maze test and spontaneous locomotor activity. It significantly restored the alterations in malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, histopathological observations in cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas confirmed the neuroprotective effect of daidzein. These outcomes provide experimental proof showing preventive effect of daidzein on memory, learning dysfunction and oxidative stress in case of ICV-STZ rats. In conclusion, daidzein offers a potential treatment module for various neurodegenerative disorders with regard to mental deficits like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Internal Neurology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fenggang Yang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanbao Gong
- Shandong Mingren Freda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Gaoxin, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Internal Neurology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Guangliang Wang
- Innoscience Research Sdn Bhd, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:379-387. [PMID: 31223564 PMCID: PMC6570791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element for the body. It is a cofactor for ATP, DNA, and RNA and more than 600 enzymes. As it is similar to Ca2+, this element can also act as a cell signaling molecule and play multiple important roles in the nervous, muscle, and immune systems. Recent studies have associated Mg-deficiency with many neurological disorders, such as cerebral vasospasm, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and migraine. As it plays such a crucial role in human body, therefore, we summarized the role of Mg in neurological disorders to illustrate the symptoms caused by Mg-deficiency and the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS We critically discuss the role of it that we review the recent literature of magnesium. We also review the available data which are concerning the role of magnesium in neurological disorders. RESULTS Magnesium is related to neurological disorders on the basis of the study of animals and humans experiments. Furthermore, these nervous systems related diseases include cerebral vasospasm, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and migraine. CONCLUSION Magnesium has effects on neurological disorders, such as its utility in cerebral vasospasm, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and migraine. So here we make a brief review to conclude it.
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Dolatabad MR, Guo LL, Xiao P, Zhu Z, He QT, Yang DX, Qu CX, Guo SC, Fu XL, Li RR, Ge L, Hu KJ, Liu HD, Shen YM, Yu X, Sun JP, Zhang PJ. Crystal structure and catalytic activity of the PPM1K N94K mutant. J Neurochem 2019; 148:550-560. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rostaminasab Dolatabad
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lu-lu Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; Shandong University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Qing-tao He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Du-xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chang-xiu Qu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Sheng-chao Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiao-lei Fu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Rui-rui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ke-jia Hu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hong-da Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Yue-mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; Shandong University School of Pharmaceutical Science; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology; Shandong University; School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jin-peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science; Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Peng-ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
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Abstract
We gathered some theoretic and practical concepts related to the importance of nutrition in the prevention and management of Alzheimer disease (AD). Besides the role of nutrients in brain development and functioning, some nutrients exert special control in the development of AD, due to their participation in neurotransmitter synthesis, their modulation in epigenetics mechanisms, and as antioxidants. In addition, some non-nutrient food-derived substances have shown potential in the control of neuroinflammation and consequently in the prevention of AD. Finally, it is important to be aware of the nutritional status and food intake patterns of the patient with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Steffany Muñoz Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo CEP - 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- School of Public Health and School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo CEP - 01246-904, Brazil and Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000 CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Amelioration by nitric oxide (NO) mimetics on neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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