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Volná A, Červeň J, Nezval J, Pech R, Špunda V. Bridging the Gap: From Photoperception to the Transcription Control of Genes Related to the Production of Phenolic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7066. [PMID: 39000174 PMCID: PMC11241081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites responsible for several processes in plants-these compounds are involved in plant-environment interactions (attraction of pollinators, repelling of herbivores, or chemotaxis of microbiota in soil), but also have antioxidative properties and are capable of binding heavy metals or screening ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, the accumulation of these compounds has to be precisely driven, which is ensured on several levels, but the most important aspect seems to be the control of the gene expression. Such transcriptional control requires the presence and activity of transcription factors (TFs) that are driven based on the current requirements of the plant. Two environmental factors mainly affect the accumulation of phenolic compounds-light and temperature. Because it is known that light perception occurs via the specialized sensors (photoreceptors) we decided to combine the biophysical knowledge about light perception in plants with the molecular biology-based knowledge about the transcription control of specific genes to bridge the gap between them. Our review offers insights into the regulation of genes related to phenolic compound production, strengthens understanding of plant responses to environmental cues, and opens avenues for manipulation of the total content and profile of phenolic compounds with potential applications in horticulture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Volná
- Department of Physics, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Jiří Červeň
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Radomír Pech
- Department of Physics, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (J.N.); (R.P.)
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Marenkova TV, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2014. [PMID: 38001867 PMCID: PMC10669185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS will be described. This review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow various plant lines with given properties to be obtained in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Daria V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Tatiana V. Marenkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
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Qin J, Zhao C, Wang S, Gao N, Wang X, Na X, Wang X, Bi Y. PIF4-PAP1 interaction affects MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex formation and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153558. [PMID: 34798465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is a marked phenotype of plants under environmental stresses. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are involved in environment-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis through interacting with the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. However, the molecular mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that PIF3 and PIF5 can slightly repress anthocyanin accumulation under NaCl, low nitrogen (-N), or 6-BA treatments; in contrast, PIF4 can significantly repress anthocyanin accumulation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid assays showed that PIF4 directly interacts with PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 (PAP1), a MYB transcription factor in the MBW complex. Further analysis revealed that the active phytochrome binding (APB) domain in the N terminus of PIF4 is necessary for the interaction between PIF4 and PAP1. Yeast three-hybrid analysis showed that PIF4 competes with TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (TT8) to bind PAP1, thereby interfering with the regulation of the MBW protein complex in anthocyanin synthesis. Consistently, the anthocyanin content in pap1-D/35S::PIF4 and 35S::PAP1/35S::PIF4 seedlings was markedly lower than that in pap1-D and 35S::PAP1 under 6-BA, MeJA, -N, and NaCl stresses, implying that overexpression of PIF4 suppresses anthocyanin accumulation in pap1-D and 35S::PAP1. Thus, PIF4 is genetically epistatic to PAP1. Taken together, PIF4 plays a negative role in modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis under different stress environments, and PIF4 interacts with PAP1 to affect the integrity of the MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Shengwang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Na Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiaofan Na
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Yurong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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Wang Z, Song M, Wang Z, Chen S, Ma H. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis of flavor components and flavonoid biosynthesis in fig female flower tissues (Ficus carica L.) after bagging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:396. [PMID: 34433422 PMCID: PMC8386004 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bagging can improve the appearance of fruits and increase the food safety and commodification, it also has effects on intrinsic quality of the fruits, which was commonly reported negative changes. Fig can be regarded as a new model fruit with its relatively small genome size and long fruit season. RESULTS In this study, widely targeted metabolomics based on HPLC MS/MS and RNA-seq of the fruit tissue of the 'Zibao' fig before and after bagging were analyzed to reveal the metabolites changes of the edible part of figs and the underneath gene expression network changes. A total of 771 metabolites were identified in the metabolome analysis using fig female flower tissue. Of these, 88 metabolites (including one carbohydrate, eight organic acids, seven amino acids, and two vitamins) showed significant differences in fruit tissue before and after bagging. Changes in 16 structural genes, 13 MYB transcription factors, and endogenous hormone (ABA, IAA, and GA) metabolism and signal transduction-related genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids after bagging were analyzed by transcriptome analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis also determined significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in female flower tissue before and after bagging. CONCLUSIONS This work provided comprehensive information on the composition and abundance of metabolites in the female flower tissue of fig. The results showed that the differences in flavor components of the fruit before and after bagging could be explained by changes in the composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the effects of bagging on changes in the intrinsic and appearance quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650224 P. R. China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 P. R. China
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Khusnutdinov E, Sukhareva A, Panfilova M, Mikhaylova E. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes as Model Genes for Genome Editing in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8752. [PMID: 34445458 PMCID: PMC8395717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly developing technologies in the world, has been applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and other inventions in this field, several plant genes with visible phenotypic effects have been constantly used as targets. Anthocyanin pigmentation is one of the most easily identified traits, that does not require any additional treatment. It is also associated with stress resistance, therefore plants with edited anthocyanin genes might be of interest for agriculture. Phenotypic effect of CRISPR/Cas editing of PAP1 and its homologs, DFR, F3H and F3'H genes have been confirmed in several distinct plant species. DFR appears to be a key structural gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by various transcription factors. There are still many promising potential model genes that have not been edited yet. Some of them, such as Delila, MYB60, HAT1, UGT79B2, UGT79B3 and miR156, have been shown to regulate drought tolerance in addition to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes, also involved in trichome development, such as TTG1, GLABRA2, MYBL2 and CPC, can provide increased visibility. In this review successful events of CRISPR/Cas editing of anthocyanin genes are summarized, and new model genes are proposed. It can be useful for molecular biologists and genetic engineers, crop scientists, plant genetics and physiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Mikhaylova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (E.K.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
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Production of raspberry ketone by redirecting the metabolic flux to the phenylpropanoid pathway in tobacco plants. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00180. [PMID: 34386350 PMCID: PMC8346687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Raspberry ketone is one of the characteristic flavors of raspberry fruits, and it is an important and expensive ingredient in the flavor and fragrance industries. It is present at low levels in plant tissues, and its occurrence is limited to a few taxa. In this context, the stable production of nature-identical raspberry ketone using heterologous synthesis in plants hosts has recently garnered the attention of plant biochemists. In this study, we demonstrate the rational switching of the metabolic flow from anthocyanin pigments to volatile phenylbutanoid production via the phenylpropanoid pathway. This shift led to the efficient and stable production of raspberry ketone and its glycosides via heterologous expression of the biosynthetic enzymes benzalacetone synthase (BAS) and raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase 1 (RZS1) in the transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Petit Havana SR-1’). Additionally, we achieved improved product titers by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway with the transcriptional factor, production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1), from Arabidopsis thaliana. We further demonstrated another metabolic-flow switching by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) to increase pathway-intermediate p-coumaroyl-CoA in transgenic tobacco for raspberry-ketone production. The redirection of metabolic flux resulted in transgenic lines producing 0.45 μg/g of raspberry ketone and 4.5 μg/g, on the fresh weight basis, of its glycosides in the flowers. These results suggest that the intracellular enforcement of endogenous substrate supply is an important factor while engineering the phenylpropanoid pathway. This strategy might be useful for the production of other phenylpropanoids/polyketides that are produced via the pathway-intermediate p-coumaroyl-CoA, in tobacco plants. Overexpression of BAS and RZS1 enabled de novo production of raspberry ketone in transgenic tobacco. Intracellular enforcement of endogenous p-coumaroyl-CoA supply improved raspberry-ketone production. The metabolic flow switching can produce raspberry ketone and its glycosides with a titer of 0.45 and 4.5 μg/gFW, respectively.
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Dong Y, Feldberg L, Rogachev I, Aharoni A. Characterization of the PRODUCTION of ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 Arabidopsis dominant mutant using DLEMMA dual isotope labeling approach. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112740. [PMID: 33770716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling has emerged as a valuable tool for metabolite identification and quantification. In this study, we employed DLEMMA, a dual stable isotope labeling approach to identify and track phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three forms of phenylalanine (Phe), including unlabeled, Phe13C6 and Phe13C62H5, were used as feeding precursors. The unique isotopic pattern obtained from MS spectra significantly simplified data processing and facilitated global mining of Phe-derived metabolites. Following this approach, we have identified 35 phenylalanine-derived metabolites with high confidence. We next compared phenylpropanoids contents between leaves of wild type (WT) and the dominant PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 (pap1-D) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant using a combined sample matrices and label-swap approach. This approach was designed to correct any unequal matrix effects between the two divergent samples, and any possible uneven label incorporation efficiency between the two differently labeled Phe precursors. Thirty of the 35 identified metabolites were found differential between WT and pap1-D leaves. Our results shown that the ectopic PAP1 expression led to significant accumulation of cyanidin-type anthocyanins, quercetin-type flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids and their glycosylated derivatives. While levels of kaempferol glycosides and a hydroxycinnamic acid amide were reduced in the pap1-D leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liron Feldberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Zhao D, Zheng Y, Yang L, Yao Z, Cheng J, Zhang F, Jiang H, Liu D. The transcription factor AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2 to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:242. [PMID: 34049482 PMCID: PMC8162001 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by various factors including sugars, light and abiotic stresses is mediated by numerous regulatory factors acting at the transcriptional level. Here experimental evidence was provided in order to demonstrate that the nuclear GARP transcription factor AtGLK1 plays an important role in regulating sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. RESULTS The results obtained using real-time quantitative PCR and GUS staining assays revealed that AtGLK1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by sucrose. The loss-of-function glk1 glk2 double mutant has lower anthocyanin levels than the glk2 single mutant, although it has been determined that loss of AtGLK1 alone does not affect anthocyanin accumulation. Overexpression of AtGLK1 enhances the accumulation of anthocyanin in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings accompanied by increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Moreover, we found that AtGLK1 also participates in plastid-signaling mediated anthocyanin accumulations. Genetic, physiological, and molecular biological approaches demonstrated that AtGLK1 acts upstream of MYBL2, which is a key negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, to genetically regulate sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that AtGLK1 positively regulates sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis via MYBL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhao
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yuxuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lingjun Yang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ziyu Yao
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianfeng Cheng
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Transcriptome Analysis Identified Coordinated Control of Key Pathways Regulating Cellular Physiology and Metabolism upon Aspergillus flavus Infection Resulting in Reduced Aflatoxin Production in Groundnut. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040370. [PMID: 33339393 PMCID: PMC7767264 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin-affected groundnut or peanut presents a major global health issue to both commercial and subsistence farming. Therefore, understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to aflatoxin production during host–pathogen interactions is crucial for breeding groundnut cultivars with minimal level of aflatoxin contamination. Here, we performed gene expression profiling to better understand the mechanisms involved in reduction and prevention of aflatoxin contamination resulting from Aspergillus flavus infection in groundnut seeds. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 16 samples from different time points during infection (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and the 7th day after inoculation) in U 4-7-5 (resistant) and JL 24 (susceptible) genotypes yielded 840.5 million raw reads with an average of 52.5 million reads per sample. A total of 1779 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis revealed several pathways, such as disease resistance, hormone biosynthetic signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying, cell wall metabolism and catabolizing and seed germination. We also detected several highly upregulated transcription factors, such as ARF, DBB, MYB, NAC and C2H2 in the resistant genotype in comparison to the susceptible genotype after inoculation. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis suggested the occurrence of coordinated control of key pathways controlling cellular physiology and metabolism upon A. flavus infection, resulting in reduced aflatoxin production.
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Kang H, Zhang TT, Fu LL, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. The apple RING-H2 protein MdCIP8 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl elongation by interacting with MdCOP1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110665. [PMID: 33218632 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
COP1, an important RING ubiquitin ligase E3, is a molecular switch for light regulation in plant development. As an interacting protein of COP1, CIP8 contains a RING-H2 domain, but its biological function is unclear. Here, the apple MdCIP8 was identified based on its homology with AtCIP8 in Arabidopsis. MdCIP8 was constitutively expressed at different levels in various apple tissues, and the expression level of MdCIP8 was not affected by light and dark conditions. MdCIP8 reversed the short hypocotyl phenotype of the cip8 mutant under light conditions. Furthermore, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that MdCIP8 interacted with the RING domain of MdCOP1 through its RING-H2 domain. MdCIP8-OX/cop1-4 exhibited the phenotype of the cop1-4 mutant, indicating that CIP8 acts upstream of COP1. In addition, an apple transient injection experiment showed that MdCIP8 inhibited anthocyanin accumulation in an MdCOP1-dependent pathway. Overall, our findings reveal that CIP8 plays an inhibitory role in the light-regulation responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Zhao S, Mi X, Guo R, Xia X, Liu L, An Y, Yan X, Wang S, Guo L, Wei C. The Biosynthesis of Main Taste Compounds Is Coordinately Regulated by miRNAs and Phytohormones in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6221-6236. [PMID: 32379968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Based on the abundance of taste compounds in leaves at different leaf positions on the same shoot, green tea made from one bud and one leaf, or even just one bud, has the best quality. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of the biosynthesis of these compounds, we profiled the metabolome, transcriptome, sRNA, degradome, and WGCNA using leaves from five leaf positions of shoots. Through this analysis, we found 139 miRNA-target pairs related to taste compound biosynthesis and 96 miRNA-target pairs involved in phytohormone synthesis or signal transduction. Moreover, miR166-HD-ZIP, miR169-NF-YA, IAA, ZA, ABA, and JA were positively related to the accumulation of gallated catechin, caffeine, and theanine. However, miR396-GRF, miR393-bHLH, miR156-SBP, and SA were negatively correlated with these compounds. Among these important pairs, the miR396-GRF and miR156-SBP pairs were further validated by using qRT-PCR, Northern blots, and cotransformation. This is the first report describing that miRNA-TF pairs and phytohormones might synergistically regulate the biosynthesis of taste compounds in the leaves of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin An
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Cen H, Wang T, Liu H, Wang H, Tian D, Li X, Cui X, Guan C, Zang H, Li M, Zhang Y. Overexpression of MsASMT1 Promotes Plant Growth and Decreases Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Transgenic Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32411162 PMCID: PMC7199503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated leguminous forage crop with high biomass yield and rich nutritional value. The effects of exogenous melatonin content regulation on alfalfa stress tolerance have been investigated in recent years. Here, we isolated and introduced the MsASMT1 (N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase) gene into alfalfa, which significantly improved the endogenous melatonin content. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, MsASMT1 overexpression (OE-MsASMT1) plants exhibited a series of phenotypic changes, including vigorous growth, increased plant height, enlarged leaves and robust stems with increased cell sizes, cell numbers and vascular bundles, as well as more branches. We also found that the flavonoid content and lignin composition of syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) were decreased and the cellulose content was increased in OE-MsASMT1 transgenic alfalfa. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic exploration revealed that a large group of genes in phenylalanine pathway related to flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis were significantly altered, accompanied by significantly reduced concentrations of the glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin and biochanin in OE-MsASMT1 transgenic alfalfa. Our study first uncovers the effects of endogenous melatonin on alfalfa growth and metabolism. This report provides insights into the regulation effects of melatonin on plant growth and phenylalanine metabolism, especially flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis.
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13
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Islam MT, Lee BR, Park SH, La VH, Jung WJ, Bae DW, Kim TH. Hormonal regulations in soluble and cell-wall bound phenolic accumulation in two cultivars of Brassica napus contrasting susceptibility to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:132-140. [PMID: 31203877 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)- responsive soluble and cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids (HAs) and flavonoids accumulation in relation to hormonal changes in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting disease susceptibility were interpreted with regard to the disease resistance. At 14-day post inoculation with Xcc, disease resistance in cv. Capitol was distinguished by an accumulation of specific (HAs) and flavonoids particularly in cell-wall bound form, and was characterized by higher endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) resulting in a decrease of JA-based balance with other hormones, as well as enhanced expression of JA signaling that was concurrently based on upregulation of PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1), MYB transcription factor, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed higher amounts of esterified phenolic acids in cv. Capitol. These results indicate that enhanced JA levels and signaling in resistant cultivar was associated with a higher accumulation of HAs and flavonoids, particularly in the cell wall-bound form, and vice versa in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Mosa) with enhanced SA-, ABA-, and CK- levels and signaling. Thus the JA-mediated phenolic metabolites accumulation is an important feature for the management and breeding program to develop disease-resistant B. napus cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tabibul Islam
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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PbCOP1.1 Contributes to the Negative Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Pear. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020039. [PMID: 30759746 PMCID: PMC6409758 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of anthocyanin in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit is regulated by light. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pear fruit coloring mediated by upstream light-signaling regulators. Here, the photoresponse factors CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP) 1.1 and 1.2 were cloned from ‘Red Zaosu’ peel to study their functions in pear fruit coloring. The overexpression vectors pBI121-PbCOP1.1 and pBI121-PbCOP1.2 were constructed to analyze their effects on anthocyanin synthesis in pear fruit. A protein sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that PbCOP1 proteins are highly homologous with those of other species. An analysis of tissue differential expression showed that the greatest expression levels of PbCOP1s occurred in the leaves. Their expression levels increased in the leaves during development, when the leaves changed from red to green. The overexpression of PbCOP1s in the peel resulted in reduced anthocyanin synthesis at the injection sites. A quantitative PCR analysis of the injection sites showed that PbCOP1.1 significantly inhibited the expression of the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes CHI, DFR, UFGT2, bHLH3, HY5 and GST. Based on the above results, we hypothesize that PbCOP1.1 is an anthocyanin synthetic inhibitory factor of pear coloration.
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Hamachi A, Nisihara M, Saito S, Rim H, Takahashi H, Islam M, Uemura T, Ohnishi T, Ozawa R, Maffei ME, Arimura GI. Overexpression of geraniol synthase induces heat stress susceptibility in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTA 2019; 249:235-249. [PMID: 30478473 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the monoterpene alcohol geraniol synthase exhibit hypersensitivity to thermal stress, possibly due to suppressed sugar metabolism and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in thermal stress tolerance. Monoterpene alcohols function in plant survival strategies, but they may cause self-toxicity to plants due to their hydrophobic and highly reactive properties. To explore the role of these compounds in plant stress responses, we assessed transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the monoterpene alcohol geraniol synthase (GES plants). Growth, morphology and photosynthetic efficiency of GES plants were not significantly different from those of control plants (wild-type and GUS-transformed plants). While GES plants' direct defenses against herbivores or pathogens were similar to those of control plants, their indirect defense (i.e., attracting herbivore enemy Nesidiocoris tenuis) was stronger compared to that of control plants. However, GES plants were susceptible to cold stress and even more susceptible to extreme heat stress (50 °C), as shown by decreased levels of sugar metabolites, invertase activity and its products (Glc and Fru), and leaf starch granules. Moreover, GES plants showed decreased transcription levels of the WRKY33 transcription factor gene and an aquaporin gene (PIP2). The results of this study show that GES plants exhibit enhanced indirect defense ability against herbivores, but conversely, GES plants exhibit hypersensitivity to heat stress due to suppressed sugar metabolism and gene regulation for thermal stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashita Hamachi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nisihara
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, 024-0003, Japan
| | - Shiori Saito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hojun Rim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | | | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello15/A, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Takuya Uemura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello15/A, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan.
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Zhang X, Wei J, Huang Y, Shen W, Chen X, Lu C, Su N, Cui J. Increased Cytosolic Calcium Contributes to Hydrogen-Rich Water-Promoted Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Under UV-A Irradiation in Radish Sprouts Hypocotyls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1020. [PMID: 30061912 PMCID: PMC6055044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that hydrogen-rich water (HRW) promoted the biosynthesis of anthocyanin under UV-A in radish. However, molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis is still unclear. In this study, the role of calcium (Ca2+) in HRW-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish sprouts hypocotyls under UV-A was investigated. The results showed that a positive effect of HRW on the content of cytosolic calcium and anthocyanin accumulation, mimicking the effects of induced CaCl2. Exogenous addition of Ca2+ chelator bis (β-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) synthesis inhibitor neomycin partially reversed the facilitated effect of HRW. The positive effects of HRW on activity of anthocyanin biosynthetic-enzymes (L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL; chalcone isomerase, CHI; dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, DFR and UDP glc-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase, UFGT) were reversed by EGTA and neomycin. Further tests confirmed that the upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic related genes induced by HRW was substantially inhibited by calcium antagonists. The possible involvement of CaM in HRW-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis was also preliminarily investigated in this study. Taken together, our results indicate that IP3-dependent calcium signaling pathway might be involved in HRW-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis under UV-A irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Junyu Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chungui Lu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Lim W, Li J. Synergetic effect of the Onion CHI gene on the PAP1 regulatory gene for enhancing the flavonoid profile of tomato skin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12377. [PMID: 28959020 PMCID: PMC5620076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are known to have ameliorative effects on cardiovascular disease and cancer. The nutritional value of tomatoes can be enhanced by increasing flavonoids content through genetic modification. The regulatory gene PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1) from Arabidopsis is reported to increase initial flavonoid flux and anthocyanin content. The structural gene CHI from Alium cepa increases flavonol content. However, the number of structural genes that can be transferred to plants is limited. To solve this problem, for the first time, we produced gene stacking transgenic tomato, in which Arabidopsis PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1) was stacked with an onion CHI by crossing. This procedure resulted in increased rutin and total anthocyanin content of as much as 130 and 30 times more, respectively, than the content in wild tomato skin, compared with 2.3 and 3 times more flavonol content, and 1 and 1.5 times more anthocyanin content in unstacked FLS and PAP1 tomatoes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansang Lim
- HFRR, Throckmorton Kansas State University Manhattan, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Kansas State University Manhattan, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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18
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Kumar V, Yadav SK. Pyramiding of tea Dihydroflavonol reductase and Anthocyanidin reductase increases flavan-3-ols and improves protective ability under stress conditions in tobacco. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:177. [PMID: 28664364 PMCID: PMC5491439 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the richest sources of flavan-3-ols, an important class of flavonoids. The expression level of gene-encoded key regulatory enzymes of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), has been highly correlated with the flavan-3-ol contents and antioxidant activity in tea plant. In the present study, pyramiding of CsDFR and CsANR in tobacco was achieved. However, single transgenic tobacco overexpressing either CsDFR or CsANR was documented earlier. In continuation, pyramided transgenic lines were evaluated for the possible, either same or beyond, effect on flavan-3-ol accumulation and protective ability against biotic and abiotic stresses. The pyramided transgenic lines showed early flowering and improved seed yield. The transcript levels of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and related genes in pyramided transgenic lines were upregulated as compared to control tobacco plants. The accumulations of flavan-3-ols were also found to be higher in pyramided transgenic lines than control tobacco plants. In contrast, anthocyanin content was observed to be decreased in pyramided transgenic lines, while DPPH activity was higher in pyramided transgenic lines. In pyramided transgenic lines, strong protective ability against feeding by Spodoptera litura was documented. The seeds of pyramided transgenic lines were also found to have better germination rate under aluminum toxicity as compared to control tobacco plants. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of these two selected genes are not beyond from transgenic lines expressing either CsDFR and CsANR alone as published earlier in terms of flavan-3-ols accumulation. However, the unique flower color and better seed germination rate are some interestingly comparable differences that were reported in pyramided lines in relation to individual transgenic plants. In conclusion, the present results reveal an interesting dynamic between CsDFR and CsANR in modulating flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin levels and functional analysis of stacked CsDFR and CsANR transgenic tobacco lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, HP, 176061, India.
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab, India
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19
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Begum MA, Shi XX, Tan Y, Zhou WW, Hannun Y, Obeid L, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Molecular Characterization of Rice OsLCB2a1 Gene and Functional Analysis of its Role in Insect Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1789. [PMID: 27990147 PMCID: PMC5130998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sphingolipids, such as long-chain bases (LCBs), act as bioactive molecules in stress responses. Until now, it is still not clear if these lipids are involved in biotic stress responses to herbivore. Herein we report that a rice LCB gene, OsLCB2a1 encoding a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a key enzyme responsible for the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids, plays a critical role in plant defense response to the brown planthopper (BPH) attack and that its up-regulation protects plants from herbivore infestation. Transcripts of OsLCB2a1 gene in rice seedlings were increased at 4 h, but decreased at 8-24 h after BPH attack. Sphingolipid measurement profiling revealed that overexpression of OsLCB2a1 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased trihydroxylated LCB phytosphingosine (t18:0) and phytoceramide by 1.7 and 1.3-fold, respectively, compared with that of wild type (WT) plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants also showed higher callose and wax deposition in leaves than that of WT. Overexpression of OsLCB2a1 gene in A. thaliana reduced the population size of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Moreover, the electrical penetration graph (EPG) results indicated that the aphids encounter resistance factors while reaching for the phloem on the transgenic plants. The defense response genes related to salicylic acid signaling pathway, remained uplgulated in the OsLCB2a1-overexpressing transgenic plants. Our data highlight the key functions of OsLCB2a1 in biotic stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuj A. Begum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yusuf Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, The State University of New York at Stony BrookNew York, NY, USA
| | - Lina Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, The State University of New York at Stony BrookNew York, NY, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, The State University of New York at Stony BrookNew York, NY, USA
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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20
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Cui B, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Hu J, Yin W, Feng Y, Xie Q, Chen G. Anthocyanins and flavonols are responsible for purple color of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet pods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 103:183-190. [PMID: 26995313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lablab pods, as dietary vegetable, have high nutritional values similar to most of edible legumes. Moreover, our studies confirmed that purple lablab pods contain the natural pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols. Compared to green pods, five kinds of anthocyanins (malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin derivatives) were found in purple pods by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the major contents were delphinidin derivatives. Besides, nine kinds of polyphenol derivatives (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and apigenin derivatives) were detected by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the major components were quercetin and myricetin derivatives. In order to discover their molecular mechanism, expression patterns of biosynthesis and regulatory gens of anthocyanins and flavonols were investigated. Experimental results showed that LpPAL, LpF3H, LpF3'H, LpDFR, LpANS and LpPAP1 expressions were significantly induced in purple pods compared to green ones. Meanwhile, transcripts of LpFLS were more abundant in purple pods than green or yellow ones, suggestind that co-pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols are accumulated in purple pods. Under continuously dark condition, no anthocyanin accumulation was detected in purple pods and transcripts of LpCHS, LpANS, LpFLS and LpPAP1 were remarkably repressed, indicating that anthocyanins and flavonols biosynthesis in purple pods was regulated in light-dependent manner. These results indicate that co-pigments of anthocyanins and flavonols contribute to purple pigmentations of pods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 515, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Nguyen NH, Jeong CY, Kang GH, Yoo SD, Hong SW, Lee H. MYBD employed by HY5 increases anthocyanin accumulation via repression of MYBL2 in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1192-205. [PMID: 26576746 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photomorphogenesis is an essential program in plant development. This process is effected by the balanced cooperation of many factors under light and dark conditions. In a previous study, we showed that MYB hypocotyl elongation-related (MYBH) is involved in cell elongation. To expand our understanding of MYBH function, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified an MYB-like Domain transcription factor (MYBD). In this study, we investigated the function of MYBD, which is an MYBH homolog involved in anthocyanin accumulation. MYBD expression increased in response to light or cytokinin, and MYBD enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis via repression of MYBL2, which encodes a transcription factor that has a negative effect on this process. In addition, MYBD binding in vivo to the MYBL2 promoter and the lower level of histone H3K9 acetylation at the upstream region of MYBL2 in MYBD over-expressing plants in comparison with wild-type plants imply that MYBD represses MYBL2 expression via an epigenetic mechanism. HY5 directly binds to the MYBD promoter, which indicates that MYBD acts on HY5-downstream in light- or cytokinin-triggered signaling pathways, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. Our results suggest that, although MYBD and MYBH are homologs, they act in opposite ways during plant photomorphogenesis, and these functions should be examined in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Sang-Dong Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
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22
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Meng C, Zhang S, Deng YS, Wang GD, Kong FY. Overexpression of a tomato flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene improves chilling tolerance in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:388-400. [PMID: 26372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in plants with a wide range of biological functions, such as stress protection. This study investigated the functions of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene SlF3HL by using transgenic tobacco. The expression of the gene was up-regulated under chilling (4 °C), heat (42 °C), salt (NaCl) and oxidative (H2O2) stresses. The transgenic plants that displayed high SlF3HL mRNA and protein levels showed higher flavonoid content than the WT plants. Moreover, the expression of three flavonoid biosynthesis-related structural genes, namely, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and flavonol synthase (FLS) was also higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT plants. Under chilling stress, the transgenic plants showed not only faster seed germination, better survival and growth, but also lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, relative electrical conductivity (REC) and H2O2 and O2(·-) levels compared with WT plants. These results suggested that SlF3HL stimulated flavonoid biosynthesis in response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agricultural, Cotton Research Centre, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fan-Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Plant MYB Transcription Factors: Their Role in Drought Response Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15811-51. [PMID: 26184177 PMCID: PMC4519927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the major causes of poor plant performance and limited crop yields worldwide and it is the single most common cause of severe food shortage in developing countries. Several molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated so far. Transcription factors are major players in water stress signaling. In recent years, different MYB transcription factors, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. but also in some crops, have been characterized for their involvement in drought response. For some of them there is evidence supporting a specific role in response to water stress, such as the regulation of stomatal movement, the control of suberin and cuticular waxes synthesis and the regulation of flower development. Moreover, some of these genes have also been characterized for their involvement in other abiotic or biotic stresses, an important feature considering that in nature, plants are often simultaneously subjected to multiple rather than single environmental perturbations. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting the role of the MYB family of transcription factors in the adaptive responses to drought stress. The practical application value of MYBs in crop improvement, such as stress tolerance engineering, is also discussed.
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Laursen T, Møller BL, Bassard JE. Plasticity of specialized metabolism as mediated by dynamic metabolons. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:20-32. [PMID: 25435320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of specialized metabolites enables plants to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, but requires the sequential action of multiple enzymes. To facilitate swift production and to avoid leakage of potentially toxic and labile intermediates, many of the biosynthetic pathways are thought to organize in multienzyme clusters termed metabolons. Dynamic assembly and disassembly enable the plant to rapidly switch the product profile and thereby prioritize its resources. The lifetime of metabolons is largely unknown mainly due to technological limitations. This review focuses on the factors that facilitate and stimulate the dynamic assembly of metabolons, including microenvironments, noncatalytic proteins, and allosteric regulation. Understanding how plants organize carbon fluxes within their metabolic grids would enable targeted bioengineering of high-value specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Laursen
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', and Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', and Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Carlsberg Laboratory, 10 Gamle Carlsberg Vej, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
| | - Jean-Etienne Bassard
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', and Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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