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Murúa P, Garvetto A, Egan S, Gachon CMM. The Reemergence of Phycopathology: When Algal Biology Meets Ecology and Biosecurity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:231-255. [PMID: 37253694 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic symbionts interact with algae in a variety of ways to cause disease complexes, often shaping marine and freshwater ecosystems. The advent of phyconomy (a.k.a. seaweed agronomy) represents a need for a greater understanding of algal disease interactions, where underestimated cryptic diversity and lack of phycopathological basis are prospective constraints for algal domestication. Here, we highlight the limited yet increasing knowledge of algal pathogen biodiversity and the ecological interaction with their algal hosts. Finally, we discuss how ecology and cultivation experience contribute to and reinforce aquaculture practice, with the potential to reshape biosecurity policies of seaweed cultivation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Murúa
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile-Sede Puerto Montt, Los Lagos, Chile;
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Garvetto
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Suhelen Egan
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire M M Gachon
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
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2
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Assis J, Alberto F, Macaya EC, Castilho Coelho N, Faugeron S, Pearson GA, Ladah L, Reed DC, Raimondi P, Mansilla A, Brickle P, Zuccarello GC, Serrão EA. Past climate-driven range shifts structuring intraspecific biodiversity levels of the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) at global scales. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12046. [PMID: 37491385 PMCID: PMC10368654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of past climate-driven range shifts structuring the distribution of marine intraspecific biodiversity lacks replication in biological models exposed to comparable limiting conditions in independent regions. This may lead to confounding effects unlinked to climate drivers. We aim to fill in this gap by asking whether the global distribution of intraspecific biodiversity of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is explained by past climate changes occurring across the two hemispheres. We compared the species' population genetic diversity and structure inferred with microsatellite markers, with range shifts and long-term refugial regions predicted with species distribution modelling (SDM) from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present. The broad antitropical distribution of Macrocystis pyrifera is composed by six significantly differentiated genetic groups, for which current genetic diversity levels match the expectations of past climate changes. Range shifts from the LGM to the present structured low latitude refugial regions where genetic relics with higher and unique diversity were found (particularly in the Channel Islands of California and in Peru), while post-glacial expansions following ~ 40% range contraction explained extensive regions with homogenous reduced diversity. The estimated effect of past climate-driven range shifts was comparable between hemispheres, largely demonstrating that the distribution of intraspecific marine biodiversity can be structured by comparable evolutionary forces across the global ocean. Additionally, the differentiation and endemicity of regional genetic groups, confers high conservation value to these localized intraspecific biodiversity hotspots of giant kelp forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Assis
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Centro Fondap IDEAL and Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nelson Castilho Coelho
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Núcleo Milenio MASH and IRL3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Universidad Austral de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lydia Ladah
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Andrés Mansilla
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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3
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Huanel OR, Quesada-Calderón S, Ríos Molina C, Morales-González S, Saenz-Agudelo P, Nelson WA, Arakaki N, Mauger S, Faugeron S, Guillemin ML. Pre-domestication bottlenecks of the cultivated seaweed Gracilaria chilensis. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5506-5523. [PMID: 36029170 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low genetic diversity observed in the Chilean populations has been associated with the over-exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect that occurred during post-glacial colonization from New Zealand. How these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used 2232 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess how the species' evolutionary history in New Zealand (its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent over-exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles on G. chilensis. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of over-exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic diversity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently domesticated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R Huanel
- Núcleo Milenio MASH, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Suany Quesada-Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,AUSTRAL-omics, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo y Creación Artística, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristian Ríos Molina
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sarai Morales-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France.,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID- Millennium Science Initiative Nucleus (NUTME), Las Cruces, Chile
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalia Arakaki
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Núcleo Milenio MASH, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France.,Núcleo Milenio MASH, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Huanel OR, Nelson WA, Robitzch V, Mauger S, Faugeron S, Preuss M, Zuccarello GC, Guillemin ML. Comparative phylogeography of two Agarophyton species in the New Zealand archipelago. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1575-1590. [PMID: 32609871 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies have reported the coexistence of two species of Agarophyton in New Zealand: the newly described A.transtasmanicum with an apparently restricted distribution to some sites in the North Island, and the more widespread A.chilense. Here, we compared the distribution, genetic diversity, and structure of both Agarophyton species throughout the archipelago using sequences of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) marker. Agarophyton chilense's distribution was continuous and extensive along the North and South Islands, Stewart Island, and Chatham Island, and the genetic clusters were mostly concordant with boundaries between biogeographic regions. In contrast, specimens of A.transtasmanicum were collected in four sites broadly distributed in both the North and South Islands, with no clear spatial structure of the genetic diversity. Populations, where the species co-occurred, tended to display similar levels in genetic diversity for the two species. Demographic inferences supported a postglacial demographic expansion for two A.chilense genetic clusters, one present in the South Island and the eastern coast of the North Island, and the other present in northern South Island. A third genetic cluster located on the western coast of the North Island had a signature of long-term demographic stability. For A.transtasmanicum, the skyline plot also suggested a postglacial demographic expansion. Last, we developed a new molecular tool to quickly and easily distinguish between the two Agarophyton species, which could be used to ease future fine-scale population studies, especially in areas where the two species coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R Huanel
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
| | - Maren Preuss
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Tessier, 296888, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Becheler R, Guillemin M, Stoeckel S, Mauger S, Saunier A, Brante A, Destombe C, Valero M. After a catastrophe, a little bit of sex is better than nothing: Genetic consequences of a major earthquake on asexual and sexual populations. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2086-2100. [PMID: 32908606 PMCID: PMC7463374 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Catastrophic events can have profound effects on the demography of a population and consequently on genetic diversity. The dynamics of postcatastrophic recovery and the role of sexual versus asexual reproduction in buffering the effects of massive perturbations remain poorly understood, in part because the opportunity to document genetic diversity before and after such events is rare. Six natural (purely sexual) and seven cultivated (mainly clonal due to farming practices) populations of the red alga Agarophyton chilense were surveyed along the Chilean coast before, in the days after and 2 years after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake in 2010. The genetic diversity of sexual populations appeared sensitive to this massive perturbation, notably through the loss of rare alleles immediately after the earthquake. By 2012, the levels of diversity returned to those observed before the catastrophe, probably due to migration. In contrast, enhanced rates of clonality in cultivated populations conferred a surprising ability to buffer the instantaneous loss of diversity. After the earthquake, farmers increased the already high rate of clonality to maintain the few surviving beds, but most of them collapsed rapidly. Contrasting fates between sexual and clonal populations suggest that betting on strict clonality to sustain production is risky, probably because this extreme strategy hampered adaptation to the brutal environmental perturbation induced by the catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Becheler
- Centro de Conservación MarinaDepartamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileCasillaChile
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Marie‐Laure Guillemin
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Solenn Stoeckel
- UMR1349 Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionINRALe RheuFrance
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Alice Saunier
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Antonio Brante
- Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC)ConcepciónChile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS)UCSCConcepciónChile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
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Li JJ, Liu ZY, Zhong ZH, Zhuang LC, Bi YX, Qin S. Limited Genetic Connectivity Among Sargassum horneri (Phaeophyceae) Populations in the Chinese Marginal Seas Despite Their high Dispersal Capacity. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:994-1005. [PMID: 32173868 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum horneri is a habitat-forming species in the Northwest Pacific and an important contributor to seaweed rafts. In this study, 131 benthic samples and 156 floating samples were collected in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea (ECS) to test the effects of seaweed rafts on population structure and connectivity. Our results revealed high levels of genetic diversity in both benthic and floating samples based on concatenated mitochondrial markers (rpl5-rps3, rnl-atp9, and cob-cox2). Phylogenetic analyses consistently supported the existence of two lineages (lineages I and II), with divergence dating to c. 0.692 Mya (95% HPD: 0.255-1.841 Mya), indicating that long-term isolation may have occurred during the mid-Pleistocene (0.126-0.781 Mya). Extended Bayesian skyline plots demonstrated a constant population size over time in lineage I and slight demographic expansion in lineage II. Both lineages were found in each marginal sea (including both benthic and floating samples), but PCoA, FST , and AMOVA analyses consistently revealed deep genetic variation between regions. Highly structured phylogeographic pattern supports limited genetic connectivity between regions. IMA analyses demonstrated that asymmetric gene flow between benthic populations in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and ECS was extremely low (ECS→NYS, 2Nm = 0.6), implying that high dispersal capacity cannot be assumed to lead to widespread population connectivity, even without dispersal barriers. In addition, there were only a few shared haplotypes between benthic and floating samples, suggesting the existence of hidden donors for the floating masses in the Chinese marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- College of Oceanography, Institute of Marine Biology, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Zhong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Long-Chuan Zhuang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Bi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
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Boo GH, Qiu YX, Kim JY, Ang PO, Bosch S, De Clerck O, He P, Higa A, Huang B, Kogame K, Liu SL, van Nguyen T, Suda S, Terada R, Miller KA, Boo SM. Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and phylogeography in the marine agarophytes Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from East Asia. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1319-1334. [PMID: 31390066 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary and population demographic history of marine red algae in East Asia is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographies of two upper intertidal species endemic to East Asia, Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences of 393 mitochondrial cox1, 128 plastid rbcL, and 342 nuclear ITS2 sequences were complemented with ecological niche models. Gelidiophycus divaricatus, a southern species adapted to warm water, is characterized by a high genetic diversity and a strong geographical population structure, characteristic of stable population sizes and sudden reduction to recent expansion. In contrast, G. freshwateri, a northern species adapted to cold temperate conditions, is genetically relatively homogeneous with a shallow population structure resulting from steady population growth and recent equilibrium. The overlap zone of the two species roughly matches summer and winter isotherms, indicating that surface seawater temperature is a key feature influencing species range. Unidirectional genetic introgression was detected at two sites on Jeju Island where G. divaricatus was rare while G. freshwateri was common, suggesting the occurrence of asymmetric natural hybrids, a rarely reported event for rhodophytes. Our results illustrate that Quaternary climate oscillations have left strong imprints on the current day genetic structure and highlight the importance of seawater temperature and sea level change in driving speciation in upper intertidal seaweed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hun Boo
- University Herbarium, University of California, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Ying-Xiong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Put O Ang
- Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Bosch
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peimin He
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Atsushi Higa
- Okinawa Environmental Analysis Center Co. Ltd, 3-7-24 Maehara, Ginowan, Okinawa, 901-2215, Japan
| | - Bangqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Kazuhiro Kogame
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shao-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Tu van Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shoichiro Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Ryuta Terada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kathy Ann Miller
- University Herbarium, University of California, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Sung Min Boo
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
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Krueger-Hadfield SA, Blakeslee AMH, Fowler AE. Incorporating Ploidy Diversity into Ecological and Community Genetics. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1198-1207. [PMID: 31349373 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies in ecological and community genetics have advanced our understanding of the role of intraspecific diversity in structuring communities and ecosystems. However, in near-shore marine communities, these studies have mostly been restricted to seagrasses, marsh plants, and oysters. Yet, macroalgae are critically important ecosystem engineers in these communities. Greater intraspecific diversity in a macroalgal ecosystem engineer should result in higher primary and secondary production and community resilience. The paucity of studies investigating the consequences of macroalgal intraspecific genetic variation might be due, in part, to the complexity of macroalgal life cycles. The majority of macroalgae have seemingly subtle, but in actuality, profoundly different life cycles than the more typical animal and angiosperm models. Here, we develop a novel genetic diversity metric, PHD , that incorporates the ratio of gametophytic to sporophytic thalli in natural populations. This metric scales from 0 to 1 like many common genetic diversity metrics, such as genotypic richness, enabling comparisons among metrics. We discuss PHD and examples from the literature, with specific reference to the widespread, red seaweed Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. We also discuss a sex diversity metric, PFM , which also scales from 0 to 1, but fewer studies have identified males and females in natural populations. Nevertheless, by incorporating these novel metrics into the repertoire of diversity metrics, we can explore the role of genetic diversity in community and ecosystem dynamics with an emphasis on the unique biology of many macroalgae, as well as other haplodiplontic taxa such as ferns, foraminiferans, and some fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Krueger-Hadfield
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd CH464, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - April M H Blakeslee
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, E 10th Street, Greenville, North Carolina, 27858, USA
| | - Amy E Fowler
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, USA
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9
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Ayres-Ostrock LM, Valero M, Mauger S, Oliveira MC, Plastino EM, Guillemin ML, Destombe C. Dual influence of terrestrial and marine historical processes on the phylogeography of the Brazilian intertidal red alga Gracilaria caudata. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1096-1114. [PMID: 31206679 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored how past terrestrial and marine climate changes have interacted to shape the phylogeographic patterns of the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria caudata, an economically important species exploited for agar production in the Brazilian north-east. Seven sites were sampled along the north-east tropical and south-east sub-tropical Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G. caudata was inferred using a combination of mitochondrial (COI and cox2-3), chloroplast (rbcL) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. A remarkable congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast data revealed clear separation between the north-east (from 03° S to 08° S) and the south-east (from 20° S to 23° S) coast of Brazil. These two clades differ in their demographic histories, with signatures of recent demographic expansions in the north-east and divergent populations in the south-east, suggesting the maintenance of several refugia during the last glacial maximum due to sea-level rise and fall. The Bahia region (around 12° S) occupies an intermediate position between both clades. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers showed additional levels of genetic structure within each sampled site located south of Bahia. The separation between the two main groups in G. caudata is likely recent, probably occurring during the Quaternary glacial cycles. The genetic breaks are concordant with (i) those separating terrestrial refugia, (ii) major river outflows and (iii) frontiers between tropical and subtropical regions. Taken together with previously published eco-physiological studies that showed differences in the physiological performance of the strains from distinct locations, these results suggest that the divergent clades in G. caudata correspond to distinct ecotypes in the process of incipient speciation and thus should be considered for the management policy of this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Ayres-Ostrock
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myriam Valero
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela M Plastino
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, CEP: 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688, Roscoff, France
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10
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Tala F, López BA, Velásquez M, Jeldres R, Macaya EC, Mansilla A, Ojeda J, Thiel M. Long-term persistence of the floating bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica from the South-East Pacific: Potential contribution to local and transoceanic connectivity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 149:67-79. [PMID: 31154063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the performance of floating seaweeds as dispersal vectors comes mostly from mid latitudes (30°-40°), but phylogeographic studies suggest that long-distance dispersal (LDD) is more common at high latitudes (50°-60°). To test this hypothesis, long-term field experiments with floating southern bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica were conducted along a latitudinal gradient (30°S, 37°S and 54°S) in austral winter and summer. Floating time exceeded 200d in winter at the high latitudes but in summer it dropped to 90d, being still higher than at low latitudes (<45d). Biomass variations were due to loss of buoyant fronds. Reproductive activity diminished during long floating times. Physiological changes included mainly a reduction in photosynthetic (Fv/Fm and pigments) rather than in defence variables (phlorotannins and antioxidant activity). The observed long floating persistence and long-term acclimation responses at 54°S support the hypothesis of LDD by kelp rafts at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Tala
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Boris A López
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avenida Fuchslocher, 1305, Osorno, Chile
| | - Marcel Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Jeldres
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile
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11
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Robitzch V, Arakaki N, Mauger S, Zapata Rojas JC, Guillemin ML. Stranded alone: The first reported Peruvian population of Agarophyton chilensis is a single-male's clone. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Navedo JG, Verdugo C, Rodríguez-Jorquera IA, Abad-Gómez JM, Suazo CG, Castañeda LE, Araya V, Ruiz J, Gutiérrez JS. Assessing the effects of human activities on the foraging opportunities of migratory shorebirds in Austral high-latitude bays. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212441. [PMID: 30865657 PMCID: PMC6415798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human presence at intertidal areas could impact coastal biodiversity, including migratory waterbird species and the ecosystem services they provide. Assessing this impact is therefore essential to develop management measures compatible with migratory processes and associated biodiversity. Here, we assess the effects of human presence on the foraging opportunities of Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica, a trans-hemispheric migratory shorebird) during their non-breeding season on Chiloé Island, southern Chile. We compared bird density and time spent foraging in two similar bays with contrasting disturbance levels: human presence (mostly seaweed harvesters accompanied by dogs) was on average 0.9±0.4 people per 10 ha in the disturbed bay, whereas it was negligible (95% days absent) in the non-disturbed bay. Although overall abundances were similar between bays, godwit density was higher in the non-disturbed bay throughout the low tide period. Both days after the start of the non-breeding season and tidal height significantly affected godwit density, with different effects in either bay. Time spent foraging was significantly higher in the non-disturbed bay (86.5±1.1%) than in the disturbed one (81.3±1.4%). As expected, godwit density significantly decreased with the number of people and accompanying dogs in the disturbed bay. Our results indicate that even a low density of people and dogs can significantly reduce the foraging opportunities of shorebirds. These constraints, coupled with additional flushing costs, may negatively affect godwits’ pre-migratory fattening. Hence, as a first step we suggest limiting human presence within bays on Chiloé to 1 person per 10 ha and banning the presence of accompanying dogs in sensitive conservation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G. Navedo
- Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Estación Experimental Quempillén, Chiloé, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Ancud, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudio Verdugo
- Ecología y Evolución de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - José M. Abad-Gómez
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristián G. Suazo
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luis E. Castañeda
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituo de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Araya
- Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Ruiz
- Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Estación Experimental Quempillén, Chiloé, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Ancud, Chile
| | - Jorge S. Gutiérrez
- Estación Experimental Quempillén, Chiloé, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Ancud, Chile
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Usandizaga S, Camus C, Kappes JL, Guillemin ML, Buschmann AH. Nutrients, but not genetic diversity, affect Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta) farming productivity and physiological responses. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:860-869. [PMID: 30222862 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In terrestrial plants, it is well known that genetic diversity can affect responses to abiotic and biotic stress and have important consequences on farming. However, very little is known about the interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors on seaweed crops. We conducted a field experiment on Gracilaria chilensis to determine the effect of heterozygosity and nutrient addition on two southern Chilean farms: Ancud and Chaica. In addition to growth rate and productivity, we measured photosynthetic responses, photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins), C:N ratio (C:N), and epiphytic load. Nutrient addition affected the growth rate, productivity, phycobilin, and C:N content, but not the epiphytic load. These results were independent of the heterozygosity of the strains used in the experiments. Interestingly, depending on the sampled sites, distinct photosynthetic responses (i.e., maximal quantum yield, Fv /Fm , and maximal electron transport rate, ETRmax ) to nutrient addition were observed. We propose that thallus selection over the past few decades may have led to ecological differentiation between G. chilensis from Chaica and Ancud. The lack of effect of heterozygosity on growth and physiological responses could be related to the species domestication history in which there is a limited range of genetic variation in farms. We suggest that the existing levels of heterozygosity among our thalli is not sufficient to detect any significant effect of genetic diversity on growth or productivity in Metri bay, our experimental site located close to the city of Puerto Montt, during summer under nitrogen limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Usandizaga
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Carolina Camus
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - José Luis Kappes
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Marie Laure Guillemin
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, UMI Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Alejandro H Buschmann
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile
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14
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Camus C, Faugeron S, Buschmann AH. Assessment of genetic and phenotypic diversity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, to support breeding programs. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Montecinos AE, Couceiro L, Peters AF, Desrut A, Valero M, Guillemin ML. Species delimitation and phylogeographic analyses in the Ectocarpus subgroup siliculosi (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:17-31. [PMID: 27454456 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Ectocarpus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) contains filamentous algae widely distributed in marine and estuarine habitats of temperate regions in both hemispheres. While E. siliculosus has become a model organism for genomics and genetics of the brown macroalgae, accurate species delineation, distribution patterns and diversity for the genus Ectocarpus remain problematic. In this study, we used three independent species delimitation approaches to generate a robust species hypothesis for 729 Ectocarpus specimens collected mainly along the European and Chilean coasts. These approaches comprised phylogenetic reconstructions and two bioinformatics tools developed to objectively define species boundaries (General Mixed Yule Coalescence Method and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery). Our analyses were based on DNA sequences of two loci: the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 of the ribosomal DNA. Our analyses showed the presence of at least 15 cryptic species and suggest the existence of incomplete lineage sorting or introgression between five of them. These results suggested the possible existence of different levels of reproductive barriers within this species complex. We also detected differences among species in their phylogeographic patterns, range and depth distributions, which may suggest different biogeographic histories (e.g., endemic species or recent introductions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Montecinos
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, PUC, UACH, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Lucia Couceiro
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, PUC, UACH, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Akira F Peters
- Bezhin Rosko, 40 rue des pêcheurs, 29250, Santec, France
| | - Antoine Desrut
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, PUC, UACH, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Myriam Valero
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, PUC, UACH, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris VI, PUC, UACH, UMI 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place G. Teissier, 29680, Roscoff, France
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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