1
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Fricke TC, Leffler A. TRPV2: a universal regulator in cellular physiology with a yet poorly defined thermosensitivity. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:42. [PMID: 39285320 PMCID: PMC11403965 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels serve as sensors for variations in ambient temperature, modulating both thermoregulation and temperature responsive cellular processes. Among these, the vanilloid TRP subfamily (TRPV) comprises six members and at least four of these members (TRPV1-TRPV4) have been associated with thermal sensation. TRPV2 has been described as a sensor for noxious heat, but subsequent studies have unveiled a more complex role for TRPV2 beyond temperature perception. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate thermosensitivity of TRPV2 by synthesizing current knowledge on its biophysical properties, expression pattern and known physiological functions associated with thermosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea C Fricke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Desai N, Liao W, Lauga E. Natural convection in the cytoplasm: Theoretical predictions of buoyancy-driven flows inside a cell. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307765. [PMID: 39052656 PMCID: PMC11271965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of temperature gradients within eukaryotic cells has been postulated as a source of natural convection in the cytoplasm, i.e. bulk fluid motion as a result of temperature-difference-induced density gradients. Recent computations have predicted that a temperature differential of ΔT ≈ 1 K between the cell nucleus and the cell membrane could be strong enough to drive significant intracellular material transport. We use numerical computations and theoretical calculations to revisit this problem in order to further understand the impact of temperature gradients on flow generation and advective transport within cells. Surprisingly, our computations yield flows that are an order of magnitude weaker than those obtained previously for the same relative size and position of the nucleus with respect to the cell membrane. To understand this discrepancy, we develop a semi-analytical solution of the convective flow inside a model cell using a bi-spherical coordinate framework, for the case of an axisymmetric cell geometry (i.e. when the displacement of the nucleus from the cell centre is aligned with gravity). We also calculate exact solutions for the flow when the nucleus is located concentrically inside the cell. The results from both theoretical analyses agree with our numerical results, thus providing a robust estimate of the strength of cytoplasmic natural convection and demonstrating that these are much weaker than previously predicted. Finally, we investigate the ability of the aforementioned flows to redistribute solute within a cell. Our calculations reveal that, in all but unrealistic cases, cytoplasmic convection has a negligible contribution toward enhancing the diffusion-dominated mass transfer of cellular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Desai
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Weida Liao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Kang MG, Kim HR, Lee HY, Kwak C, Koh H, Kang BH, Roe JS, Rhee HW. Mitochondrial Thermogenesis Can Trigger Heat Shock Response in the Nucleus. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1231-1241. [PMID: 38947196 PMCID: PMC11212142 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial thermogenesis is a process in which heat is generated by mitochondrial respiration. In living organisms, the thermogenic mechanisms that maintain body temperature have been studied extensively in fat cells with little knowledge on how mitochondrial heat may act beyond energy expenditure. Here, we highlight that the exothermic oxygen reduction reaction (ΔH f° = -286 kJ/mol) is the main source of the protonophore-induced mitochondrial thermogenesis, and this heat is conducted to other cellular organelles, including the nucleus. As a result, mitochondrial heat that reached the nucleus initiated the classical heat shock response, including the formation of nuclear stress granules and the localization of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) to chromatin. Consequently, activated HSF1 increases the level of gene expression associated with the response to thermal stress in mammalian cells. Our results illustrate heat generated within the cells as a potential source of mitochondria-nucleus communication and expand our understanding of the biological functions of mitochondria in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Gyun Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryeon Kim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hee Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chulhwan Kwak
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyewon Koh
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byoung Heon Kang
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute
of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School
of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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4
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Chuma S, Kiyosue K, Akiyama T, Kinoshita M, Shimazaki Y, Uchiyama S, Sotoma S, Okabe K, Harada Y. Implication of thermal signaling in neuronal differentiation revealed by manipulation and measurement of intracellular temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3473. [PMID: 38724563 PMCID: PMC11082174 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation-the development of neurons from neural stem cells-involves neurite outgrowth and is a key process during the development and regeneration of neural functions. In addition to various chemical signaling mechanisms, it has been suggested that thermal stimuli induce neuronal differentiation. However, the function of physiological subcellular thermogenesis during neuronal differentiation remains unknown. Here we create methods to manipulate and observe local intracellular temperature, and investigate the effects of noninvasive temperature changes on neuronal differentiation using neuron-like PC12 cells. Using quantitative heating with an infrared laser, we find an increase in local temperature (especially in the nucleus) facilitates neurite outgrowth. Intracellular thermometry reveals that neuronal differentiation is accompanied by intracellular thermogenesis associated with transcription and translation. Suppression of intracellular temperature increase during neuronal differentiation inhibits neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, spontaneous intracellular temperature elevation is involved in neurite outgrowth of primary mouse cortical neurons. These results offer a model for understanding neuronal differentiation induced by intracellular thermal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Chuma
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kiyosue
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Taishu Akiyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiho Shimazaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shingo Sotoma
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohki Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-8-1 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Kawaguchi K, Sugawara N, Ito M, Kubo Y. Thermochromic Afterglow from Benzene-1,4-Diboronic Acid-Doped Co-crystals. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303924. [PMID: 38179827 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The accurate thermosensing requires a minimum impact of autofluorescence and light scattering from the samples. In this study, we discovered that commercially available benzene-1,4-diboronic acid (BDBA) doped co-crystals with trimethylolpropane (TMP) exhibit excellent thermochromic dual phosphorescence properties over a wide temperature range from -132 to 40 °C, despite its simple structure that does not have any donor-acceptor linkage. The dual phosphorescence was consisted of monomeric benzene-1,4-diboronate (BDBA ester) and aggregation-stabilized species. With an increase in temperature, the emission intensity from the monomeric state significantly decreased, whereas that originating from the aggregated state remained almost constant owing to the difference in their thermal stabilities. Further investigation revealed that molecular distortions in singlet excited states enable efficient intersystem crossing, causing efficient phosphorescence from the monomeric state of BDBA ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sugawara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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6
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Anbalagan S. Temperature-sensing riboceptors. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-6. [PMID: 39016038 PMCID: PMC11259075 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2379118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how cells sense temperature is a fundamental question in biology and is pivotal for the evolution of life. In numerous organisms, temperature is not only sensed but also generated due to cellular processes. Consequently, the mechanisms governing temperature sensation in various organisms have been experimentally elucidated. Extending upon others' proposals and demonstration of protein- and nucleic acid-based thermosensors, and utilizing a colonial India 'punkah-wallahs' analogy, I present my rationale for the necessity of temperature sensing in every organelle in a cell. Finally, I propose temperature-sensing riboceptors (ribonucleic acid receptors) to integrate all the RNA molecules (mRNA, non-coding RNA, and so forth) capable of sensing temperature and triggering a signaling event, which I call as thermocrine signaling. This approach could enable the identification of riboceptors in every cell of almost every organism, not only for temperature but also for other classes of ligands, including gaseous solutes, and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savani Anbalagan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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7
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Okabe K, Sotoma S, Harada Y. Cellular Thermal Biology Using Fluorescent Nanothermometers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1461:97-108. [PMID: 39289276 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
It has been known that cells have mechanisms to sense and respond to environmental noxiousness and mild temperature changes, such as heat shock response and thermosensitive TRP channels. Meanwhile, new methods of measuring temperature at the cellular level has recently been developed using fluorescent nanothermometers. Among these thermometers, fluorescent polymeric thermometers and fluorescent nanodiamonds excel in the properties required for intracellular thermometry. By using these novel methods to measure the temperature of single cells in cultures and tissues, it was revealed that spontaneous spatiotemporal temperature fluctuations occur within cells. Furthermore, the temperature fluctuations were related to organelles such as mitochondria and cellular and physiological functions, revealing a close relationship between intracellular temperature and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Shingo Sotoma
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Terzioglu M, Veeroja K, Montonen T, Ihalainen TO, Salminen TS, Bénit P, Rustin P, Chang YT, Nagai T, Jacobs HT. Mitochondrial temperature homeostasis resists external metabolic stresses. eLife 2023; 12:RP89232. [PMID: 38079477 PMCID: PMC10712956 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on studies with a fluorescent reporter dye, Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), and the genetically encoded gTEMP ratiometric fluorescent temperature indicator targeted to mitochondria, the temperature of active mitochondria in four mammalian and one insect cell line was estimated to be up to 15°C above that of the external environment to which the cells were exposed. High mitochondrial temperature was maintained in the face of a variety of metabolic stresses, including substrate starvation or modification, decreased ATP demand due to inhibition of cytosolic protein synthesis, inhibition of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporter and, if an auxiliary pathway for electron transfer was available via the alternative oxidase, even respiratory poisons acting downstream of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I. We propose that the high temperature of active mitochondria is an inescapable consequence of the biochemistry of OXPHOS and is homeostatically maintained as a primary feature of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mügen Terzioglu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kristo Veeroja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Toni Montonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Tiina S Salminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Paule Bénit
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et NeurovasculairesParisFrance
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et NeurovasculairesParisFrance
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | | | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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9
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Kruglov AG, Romshin AM, Nikiforova AB, Plotnikova A, Vlasov II. Warm Cells, Hot Mitochondria: Achievements and Problems of Ultralocal Thermometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16955. [PMID: 38069275 PMCID: PMC10707128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial regulator of the rate and direction of biochemical reactions and cell processes. The recent data indicating the presence of local thermal gradients associated with the sites of high-rate thermogenesis, on the one hand, demonstrate the possibility for the existence of "thermal signaling" in a cell and, on the other, are criticized on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and models. Here, we review the main thermometric techniques and sensors developed for the determination of temperature inside living cells and diverse intracellular compartments. A comparative analysis is conducted of the results obtained using these methods for the cytosol, nucleus, endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, as well as their biological consistency. Special attention is given to the limitations, possible sources of errors and ambiguities of the sensor's responses. The issue of biological temperature limits in cells and organelles is considered. It is concluded that the elaboration of experimental protocols for ultralocal temperature measurements that take into account both the characteristics of biological systems, as well as the properties and limitations of each type of sensor is of critical importance for the generation of reliable results and further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Romshin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna B. Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Arina Plotnikova
- Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor I. Vlasov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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10
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Cronshaw M, Parker S, Grootveld M, Lynch E. Photothermal Effects of High-Energy Photobiomodulation Therapies: An In Vitro Investigation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1634. [PMID: 37371729 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate photothermal aspects of photobiomodulation therapies (PBMT) in vitro to assist in the development of safe clinical parameters with respect to higher-power devices with large surface applicators. Laser wavelengths in the range of 650 nm-1064 nm were investigated using a thermal camera. Thermographic measures of surface and sub-surface temperature variations of similar lean porcine muscle tissue samples were recorded for a series of calibrated experiments. A thermal comparison was then made between Flat-top and Gaussian beam spatial distribution devices. Outcome data were subjected to statistical analysis using an ANOVA model. Results acquired at similar parameters of irradiance indicated that the application of the 980 nm wavelength was associated with the highest rise in temperature, which decreased with other wavelengths in the order 980 > 1064 ≈ 650 >>> 810 nm (p < 5 × 10-20). All wavelengths assessed were associated with a significant temperature increase, and with the exception of 810 nm, all exceeded the threshold of a 6 °C rise within the prescribed parameter limits. Optical scanning by movement of the applied source over a relevant area was found to offer effective mitigation of these temperature increases. An extended discussion is presented, analysing the clinical significance of the study outcomes. Recommendations are made within the limits of this in vitro study in order to assist future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cronshaw
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Steven Parker
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Edward Lynch
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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11
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Garner RM, Molines AT, Theriot JA, Chang F. Vast heterogeneity in cytoplasmic diffusion rates revealed by nanorheology and Doppelgänger simulations. Biophys J 2023; 122:767-783. [PMID: 36739478 PMCID: PMC10027447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasm is a complex, crowded, actively driven environment whose biophysical characteristics modulate critical cellular processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics, phase separation, and stem cell fate. Little is known about the variance in these cytoplasmic properties. Here, we employed particle-tracking nanorheology on genetically encoded multimeric 40 nm nanoparticles (GEMs) to measure diffusion within the cytoplasm of individual fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cellscells. We found that the apparent diffusion coefficients of individual GEM particles varied over a 400-fold range, while the differences in average particle diffusivity among individual cells spanned a 10-fold range. To determine the origin of this heterogeneity, we developed a Doppelgänger simulation approach that uses stochastic simulations of GEM diffusion that replicate the experimental statistics on a particle-by-particle basis, such that each experimental track and cell had a one-to-one correspondence with their simulated counterpart. These simulations showed that the large intra- and inter-cellular variations in diffusivity could not be explained by experimental variability but could only be reproduced with stochastic models that assume a wide intra- and inter-cellular variation in cytoplasmic viscosity. The simulation combining intra- and inter-cellular variation in viscosity also predicted weak nonergodicity in GEM diffusion, consistent with the experimental data. To probe the origin of this variation, we found that the variance in GEM diffusivity was largely independent of factors such as temperature, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, cell-cyle stage, and spatial locations, but was magnified by hyperosmotic shocks. Taken together, our results provide a striking demonstration that the cytoplasm is not "well-mixed" but represents a highly heterogeneous environment in which subcellular components at the 40 nm size scale experience dramatically different effective viscosities within an individual cell, as well as in different cells in a genetically identical population. These findings carry significant implications for the origins and regulation of biological noise at cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M Garner
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
| | - Arthur T Molines
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Fred Chang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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12
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How hot can mitochondria be? Incubation at temperatures above 43 °C induces the degradation of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes in intact cells and isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:83-94. [PMID: 36764502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function generates an important fraction of the heat that contributes to cellular and organismal temperature maintenance, but the actual values of this parameter reached in the organelles is a matter of debate. The studies addressing this issue have reported divergent results: from detecting in the organelles the same temperature as the cell average or the incubation temperature, to increasing differences of up to 10 degrees above the incubation value. Theoretical calculations based on physical laws exclude the possibility of relevant temperature gradients between mitochondria and their surroundings. These facts have given rise to a conundrum or paradox about hot mitochondria. We have examined by Blue-Native electrophoresis, both in intact cells and in isolated organelles, the stability of respiratory complexes and supercomplexes at different temperatures to obtain information about their tolerance to heat stress. We observe that, upon incubation at values above 43 °C and after relatively short periods, respiratory complexes, and especially complex I and its supercomplexes, are unstable even when the respiratory activity is inhibited. These results support the conclusion that high temperatures (>43 °C) cause damage to mitochondrial structure and function and question the proposal that these organelles can physiologically work at close to 50 °C.
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13
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Inada N. A Guide to Plant Intracellular Temperature Imaging using Fluorescent Thermometers. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:7-18. [PMID: 36039974 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All aspects of plant physiology are influenced by temperature. Changes in environmental temperature alter the temperatures of plant tissues and cells, which then affect various cellular activities, such as gene expression, protein stability and enzyme activities. In turn, changes in cellular activities, which are associated with either exothermic or endothermic reactions, can change the local temperature in cells and tissues. In the past 10 years, a number of fluorescent probes that detect temperature and enable intracellular temperature imaging have been reported. Intracellular temperature imaging has revealed that there is a temperature difference >1°C inside cells and that the treatment of cells with mitochondrial uncoupler or ionomycin can cause more than a 1°C intracellular temperature increase in mammalian cultured cells. Thermogenesis mechanisms in brown adipocytes have been revealed with the aid of intracellular temperature imaging. While there have been no reports on plant intracellular temperature imaging thus far, intracellular temperature imaging is expected to provide a new way to analyze the mechanisms underlying the various activities of plant cells. In this review, I will first summarize the recent progress in the development of fluorescent thermometers and their biological applications. I will then discuss the selection of fluorescent thermometers and experimental setup for the adaptation of intracellular temperature imaging to plant cells. Finally, possible applications of intracellular temperature imaging to investigate plant cell functions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
- School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
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14
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Tsuji T, Kajimoto K, Inada N. Measurement of Intracellular Temperature in Brown Adipocytes Using a Cationic Fluorescent Polymeric Thermometer. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:87-102. [PMID: 37076673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue specializes in expending energy through non-shivering thermogenesis, and many studies have associated its activity with protection and treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. To reveal the mechanisms involved in heat production, primary cultured brown adipose cells (BACs) have been used because of their ease of genetic engineering and similarity to living tissue. However, thermogenic activity has often been evaluated as an indirect method, such as the measurement of oxygen consumption. Recently, fluorescent nanothermometers for the direct measurement of intracellular temperature have been developed and applied to elucidate the mechanisms of heat production in BACs. In this chapter, we introduce a protocol that uses a cationic fluorescent polymeric thermometer to directly measure the temperature within primary cultured BACs. We anticipate that this protocol will be beneficial in elucidating the mechanism of thermogenesis in BACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Tsuji
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Romshin AM, Osypov AA, Popova IY, Zeeb VE, Sinogeykin AG, Vlasov II. Heat Release by Isolated Mouse Brain Mitochondria Detected with Diamond Thermometer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:98. [PMID: 36616008 PMCID: PMC9823591 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of heat by mitochondria is critical for maintaining body temperature, regulating metabolic rate, and preventing oxidative damage to mitochondria and cells. Until the present, mitochondrial heat production has been characterized only by methods based on fluorescent probes, which are sensitive to environmental variations (viscosity, pH, ionic strength, quenching, etc.). Here, for the first time, the heat release of isolated mitochondria was unambiguously measured by a diamond thermometer (DT), which is absolutely indifferent to external non-thermal parameters. We show that during total uncoupling of transmembrane potential by CCCP application, the temperature near the mitochondria rises by 4-22 °C above the ambient temperature with an absolute maximum of 45 °C. Such a broad variation in the temperature response is associated with the heterogeneity of the mitochondria themselves as well as their aggregations in the isolated suspension. Spontaneous temperature bursts with comparable amplitude were also detected prior to CCCP application, which may reflect involvement of some mitochondria to ATP synthesis or membrane potential leaking to avoid hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species. The results obtained with the diamond temperature sensor shed light on the "hot mitochondria" paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M. Romshin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Osypov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Popova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim E. Zeeb
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor I. Vlasov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Kuznetsov KM, Baigildin VA, Solomatina AI, Galenko EE, Khlebnikov AF, Sokolov VV, Tunik SP, Shakirova JR. Polymeric Nanoparticles with Embedded Eu(III) Complexes as Molecular Probes for Temperature Sensing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248813. [PMID: 36557943 PMCID: PMC9785794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three novel luminescent Eu(III) complexes, Eu1-Eu3, have been synthesized and characterized with CHN analysis, mass-spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The complexes display strong emission in dichloromethane solution upon excitation at 405 and 800 nm with a quantum yield from 18.3 to 31.6%, excited-state lifetimes in the range of 243-1016 ms at 20 °C, and lifetime temperature sensitivity of 0.9%/K (Eu1), 1.9%/K (Eu2), and 1.7%/K (Eu3). The chromophores were embedded into biocompatible latex nanoparticles (NPs_Eu1-NPs_Eu3) that prevented emission quenching and kept the photophysical characteristics of emitters unchanged with the highest temperature sensitivity of 1.3%/K (NPs_Eu2). For this probe cytotoxicity, internalization dynamics and localization in CHO-K1 cells were studied together with lifetime vs. temperature calibration in aqueous solution, phosphate buffer, and in a mixture of growth media and fetal bovine serum. The obtained data were then averaged to give the calibration curve, which was further used for temperature estimation in biological samples. The probe was stable in physiological media and displayed good reproducibility in cycling experiments between 20 and 40 °C. PLIM experiments with thermostated CHO-K1 cells incubated with NPs_Eu2 indicated that the probe could be used for temperature estimation in cells including the assessment of temperature variations upon chemical shock (sample treatment with mitochondrial uncoupling reagent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill M. Kuznetsov
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Baigildin
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Victor V. Sokolov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.P.T.); (J.R.S.)
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.P.T.); (J.R.S.)
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17
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Li M, Sun Y, Yang X, Ke Z, Zhou J, Liang Z, Zhang S. Temperature measurement of aqueous solution in miniature sample chamber in microscopic system based on near-infrared spectrum. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:123701. [PMID: 36586931 DOI: 10.1063/5.0111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the sample temperature in biophysics research is challenging, as the samples are commonly placed in a miniature sample chamber under a microscope. In this study, we proposed a method to measure the temperature of an aqueous solution in miniature sample chambers in a microscopic system. Existing studies show that the absorption coefficient spectrum of water shifts with temperature, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) band. We measured the absorption spectra of water with different temperatures and analyzed them, to build a mathematical model relating the temperature and the spectrum. A setup for temperature measurement in a microscopic system was designed and implemented by coupling a spectrometer and a light source to a microscope. The temperature could be calculated by the spectral data and the mathematical model while simultaneously observing the micro-image of the sample. A series of liquid samples at different temperatures were tested using the setup, and the root mean square error of the calculated temperature is less than 0.5 °C. The results demonstrate that the method based on the NIR spectrum can be used for noncontact and quick measurement of the liquid sample temperature in a microscopic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zeyu Ke
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shengzhao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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18
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A Ratiometric Organic Fluorescent Nanogel Thermometer for Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090702. [PMID: 36140087 PMCID: PMC9496083 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensing temperature in biological systems is of great importance, as it is constructive to understanding various physiological and pathological processes. However, the realization of highly sensitive temperature sensing with organic fluorescent nanothermometers remains challenging. In this study, we report a ratiometric fluorescent nanogel thermometer and study its application in the determination of bactericidal temperature. The nanogel is composed of a polarity-sensitive aggregation-induced emission luminogen with dual emissions, a thermoresponsive polymer with a phase transition function, and an ionic surface with net positive charges. During temperature-induced phase transition, the nanogel exhibits a reversible and sensitive spectral change between a red-emissive state and a blue-emissive state by responding to the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic change in the local environment. The correlation between the emission intensity ratio of the two states and the external temperature is delicately established, and the maximum relative thermal sensitivities of the optimal nanogel are determined to be 128.42 and 68.39% °C−1 in water and a simulated physiological environment, respectively. The nanogel is further applied to indicate the bactericidal temperature in both visual and ratiometric ways, holding great promise in the rapid prediction of photothermal antibacterial effects and other temperature-related biological events.
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19
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Lu K, Wazawa T, Sakamoto J, Vu CQ, Nakano M, Kamei Y, Nagai T. Intracellular Heat Transfer and Thermal Property Revealed by Kilohertz Temperature Imaging with a Genetically Encoded Nanothermometer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5698-5707. [PMID: 35792763 PMCID: PMC9335883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved sensitivity of nanothermometers, direct observation of heat transport inside single cells has remained challenging for the lack of high-speed temperature imaging techniques. Here, we identified insufficient temperature resolution under short signal integration time and slow sensor kinetics as two major bottlenecks. To overcome the limitations, we developed B-gTEMP, a nanothermometer based on the tandem fusion of mNeonGreen and tdTomato fluorescent proteins. We visualized the propagation of heat inside intracellular space by tracking the temporal variation of local temperature at a time resolution of 155 μs and a temperature resolution 0.042 °C. By comparing the fast in situ temperature dynamics with computer-simulated heat diffusion, we estimated the thermal diffusivity of live HeLa cells. The present thermal diffusivity in cells was about 1/5.3 of that of water and much smaller than the values reported for bulk tissues, which may account for observations of heterogeneous intracellular temperature distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Joe Sakamoto
- National
Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Cong Quang Vu
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National
Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Substantial impact of 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) on the regulations of fluorescent thermoprobe-measured cellular temperature and natriuretic peptide expression in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12740. [PMID: 35882940 PMCID: PMC9325765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), an active thyroid hormone metabolite, that induces negative inotropic and chronotropic actions in the heart and exerts systemic hypothermic action. We explored the direct impact of T1AM on cardiomyocytes with a focus on the regulation of the intracellular temperature and natriuretic peptide (NP) expression. A thermoprobe was successfully introduced into neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the temperature-dependent changes in the fluorescence intensity ratio were measured using a fluorescence microscope. After one-hour incubation with T1AM, the degree of change in the fluorescence intensity ratio was significantly lower in T1AM-treated cardiomyocytes than in equivalent solvent-treated controls (P < 0.01), indicating the direct hypothermic action of T1AM on cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, T1AM treatment upregulated B-type NP (BNP) gene expression comparable to treatment with endothelin-1 or phenylephrine. Of note, ERK phosphorylation was markedly increased after T1AM treatment, and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by an MEK inhibitor completely cancelled both T1AM-induced decrease in thermoprobe-measured temperature and the increase in BNP expression. In summary, T1AM decreases fluorescent thermoprobe-measured temperatures (estimated intracellular temperatures) and increases BNP expression in cardiomyocytes by activating the MEK/ERK pathway. The present findings provide new insight into the direct myocardial cellular actions of T1AM in patients with severe heart failure.
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21
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Marin R, Ximendes E, del Rosal B, Benayas A, Jaque D. Luminescence Thermometry for Brain Activity Monitoring: A Perspective. Front Chem 2022; 10:941861. [PMID: 35903194 PMCID: PMC9315374 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.941861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive monitoring of brain activity is essential not only to gain understanding on the working principles of the brain, but also for the development of new diagnostic tools. In this perspective we describe how brain thermometry could be an alternative to conventional methods (e.g., magnetic resonance or nuclear medicine) for the acquisition of thermal images of the brain with enough spatial and temperature resolution to track brain activity in minimally perturbed animals. We focus on the latest advances in transcranial luminescence thermometry introducing a critical discussion on its advantages and shortcomings. We also anticipate the main challenges that the application of luminescent nanoparticles for brain thermometry will face in next years. With this work we aim to promote the development of near infrared luminescence for brain activity monitoring, which could also benefit other research areas dealing with the brain and its illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Benayas
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Daniel Jaque,
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22
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Yang N, Xu J, Wang F, Yang F, Han D, Xu S. Thermal Probing Techniques for a Single Live Cell. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5093. [PMID: 35890773 PMCID: PMC9317922 DOI: 10.3390/s22145093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a significant factor in determining and characterizing cellular metabolism and other biochemical activities. In this study, we provide a brief overview of two important technologies used to monitor the local temperatures of individual living cells: fluorescence nano-thermometry and an array of micro-/nano-sized thin-film thermocouples. We explain some key technical issues that must be addressed and optimised for further practical applications, such as in cell biology, drug selection, and novel antitumor therapy. We also offer a method for combining them into a hybrid measuring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (N.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (N.Y.); (F.W.)
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Danhong Han
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
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23
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Sharma NK, Sarode SC. Do compromised mitochondria aggravate severity and fatality by SARS-CoV-2? Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:911-916. [PMID: 35403526 PMCID: PMC9115783 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2065140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
At global level, the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be caused by an etiologic agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Numerous evidence and propositions have emerged on the molecular and cellular attributes that cause COVID-19. Notwithstanding, still several key questions with reference to molecular aspects of severity of infection by SARS-CoV-2 need to be answered. In the same line, the role of healthy mitochondria to maintain intracellular temperature and their association with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 is completely missing. In this direction, preclinical and clinical data on the comorbidities in the case of mitochondrial defective disease and COVID-19 are not available. The authors propose that patients harboring primary mitochondrial disease and secondary mitochondrial dysfunction will display a higher severity and death rate compared to healthy mitochondria harboring patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- CONTACT Nilesh Kumar Sharma Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Sachin C. Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
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24
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Chung CW, Stephens AD, Konno T, Ward E, Avezov E, Kaminski CF, Hassanali AA, Kaminski Schierle GS. Intracellular Aβ42 Aggregation Leads to Cellular Thermogenesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10034-10041. [PMID: 35616634 PMCID: PMC9185738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The aggregation of
Aβ42 is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s
disease. It is still not known what the biochemical changes are inside
a cell which will eventually lead to Aβ42 aggregation. Thermogenesis
has been associated with cellular stress, the latter of which may
promote aggregation. We perform intracellular thermometry measurements
using fluorescent polymeric thermometers to show that Aβ42 aggregation
in live cells leads to an increase in cell-averaged temperatures.
This rise in temperature is mitigated upon treatment with an aggregation
inhibitor of Aβ42 and is independent of mitochondrial damage
that can otherwise lead to thermogenesis. With this, we present a
diagnostic assay which could be used to screen small-molecule inhibitors
to amyloid proteins in physiologically relevant settings. To interpret
our experimental observations and motivate the development of future
models, we perform classical molecular dynamics of model Aβ
peptides to examine the factors that hinder thermal dissipation. We
observe that this is controlled by the presence of ions in its surrounding
environment, the morphology of the amyloid peptides, and the extent
of its hydrogen-bonding interactions with water. We show that aggregation
and heat retention by Aβ peptides are favored under intracellular-mimicking
ionic conditions, which could potentially promote thermogenesis. The
latter will, in turn, trigger further nucleation events that accelerate
disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi Wei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Amberley D Stephens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Tasuku Konno
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, U.K
| | - Edward Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, U.K
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ali A Hassanali
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, Trieste 34151, Italy
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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25
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Quintanilla M, Henriksen-Lacey M, Renero-Lecuna C, Liz-Marzán LM. Challenges for optical nanothermometry in biological environments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4223-4242. [PMID: 35587578 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature monitoring is useful in medical diagnosis, and essential during hyperthermia treatments to avoid undesired cytotoxic effects. Aiming to control heating doses, different temperature monitoring strategies have been developed, largely based on luminescent materials, a.k.a. nanothermometers. However, for such nanothermometers to work, both excitation and emission light beams must travel through tissue, making its optical properties a relevant aspect to be considered during the measurements. In complex tissues, heterogeneity, and real-time alterations as a result of therapeutic treatment may have an effect on light-tissue interaction, hindering accuracy in the thermal reading. In this Tutorial Review we discuss various methods in which nanothermometers can be used for temperature sensing within heterogeneous environments. We discuss recent developments in optical (nano)thermometry, focusing on the incorporation of luminescent nanoparticles into complex in vitro and in vivo models. Methods formulated to avoid thermal misreading are also discussed, considering their respective advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Quintanilla
- Materials Physics Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Malou Henriksen-Lacey
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Renero-Lecuna
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Murakami A, Nagao K, Sakaguchi R, Kida K, Hara Y, Mori Y, Okabe K, Harada Y, Umeda M. Cell-autonomous control of intracellular temperature by unsaturation of phospholipid acyl chains. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110487. [PMID: 35294880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular temperature affects a wide range of cellular functions in living organisms. However, it remains unclear whether temperature in individual animal cells is controlled autonomously as a response to fluctuations in environmental temperature. Using two distinct intracellular thermometers, we find that the intracellular temperature of steady-state Drosophila S2 cells is maintained in a manner dependent on Δ9-fatty acid desaturase DESAT1, which introduces a double bond at the Δ9 position of the acyl moiety of acyl-CoA. The DESAT1-mediated increase of intracellular temperature is caused by the enhancement of F1Fo-ATPase-dependent mitochondrial respiration, which is coupled with thermogenesis. We also reveal that F1Fo-ATPase-dependent mitochondrial respiration is potentiated by cold exposure through the remodeling of mitochondrial cristae structures via DESAT1-dependent unsaturation of mitochondrial phospholipid acyl chains. Based on these findings, we propose a cell-autonomous mechanism for intracellular temperature control during environmental temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Hara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kohki Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Umeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Han D, Xu J, Wang H, Wang Z, Yang N, Yang F, Shen Q, Xu S. Non-Interventional and High-Precision Temperature Measurement Biochips for Long-Term Monitoring the Temperature Fluctuations of Individual Cells. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:454. [PMID: 34821670 PMCID: PMC8615431 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the thermal responses of individual cells to external stimuli is essential for studies of cell metabolism, organelle function, and drug screening. Fluorescent temperature probes are usually employed to measure the temperatures of individual cells; however, they have some unavoidable problems, such as, poor stability caused by their sensitivity to the chemical composition of the solution and the limitation in their measurement time due to the short fluorescence lifetime. Here, we demonstrate a stable, non-interventional, and high-precision temperature-measurement chip that can monitor the temperature fluctuations of individual cells subject to external stimuli and over a normal cell life cycle as long as several days. To improve the temperature resolution, we designed temperature sensors made of Pd-Cr thin-film thermocouples, a freestanding Si3N4 platform, and a dual-temperature control system. Our experimental results confirm the feasibility of using this cellular temperature-measurement chip to detect local temperature fluctuations of individual cells that are 0.3-1.5 K higher than the ambient temperature for HeLa cells in different proliferation cycles. In the future, we plan to integrate this chip with other single-cell technologies and apply it to research related to cellular heat-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
| | - Qundong Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
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29
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Mykhaylyk VB, Kraus H, Bulyk LI, Lutsyuk I, Hreb V, Vasylechko L, Zhydachevskyy Y, Wagner A, Suchocki A. Al 2O 3 co-doped with Cr 3+ and Mn 4+, a dual-emitter probe for multimodal non-contact luminescence thermometry. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14820-14831. [PMID: 34596657 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence probes that facilitate multimodal non-contact measurements of temperature are of particular interest due to the possibility of cross-referencing results across different readout techniques. This intrinsic referencing is an essential addition that enhances accuracy and reliability of the technique. A further enhancement of sensor performance can be achieved by using two luminescent ions acting as independent emitters, thereby adding in-built redundancy to non-contact temperature sensing, using a single readout technique. In this study we combine both approaches by engineering a material with two luminescent ions that can be independently probed through different readout modes of non-contact temperature sensing. The approach was tested using Al2O3 co-doped with Cr3+ and Mn4+, exhibiting sharp emission lines due to 2E → 4A2 transitions. The temperature sensing performance was examined by measuring three characteristics: temperature-induced changes of the intensity ratio of the emission lines, their spectral position, and the luminescence decay time constant. The processes responsible for the changes with temperature of the measured luminescence characteristics are discussed in terms of relevant models. By comparing temperature resolutions achievable by different modes of temperature sensing it is established that in Al2O3-Cr,Mn spectroscopic methods provide the best measurement accuracy over a broad temperature range. A temperature resolution better than ±2.8 K can be achieved by monitoring the luminescence intensity ratio (40-145 K) and the spectral shift of the R-line of Mn4+ (145-300 K range).
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Mykhaylyk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - H Kraus
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
| | - L-I Bulyk
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - I Lutsyuk
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
| | - V Hreb
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
| | - L Vasylechko
- Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
| | - Y Zhydachevskyy
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland.,Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
| | - A Wagner
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - A Suchocki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
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30
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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31
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Vu CQ, Fukushima SI, Wazawa T, Nagai T. A highly-sensitive genetically encoded temperature indicator exploiting a temperature-responsive elastin-like polypeptide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16519. [PMID: 34389773 PMCID: PMC8363741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded temperature indicators (GETIs) allow for real-time measurement of subcellular temperature dynamics in live cells. However, GETIs have suffered from poor temperature sensitivity, which may not be sufficient to resolve small heat production from a biological process. Here, we develop a highly-sensitive GETI, denoted as ELP-TEMP, comprised of a temperature-responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fused with a cyan fluorescent protein (FP), mTurquoise2 (mT), and a yellow FP, mVenus (mV), as the donor and acceptor, respectively, of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). At elevated temperatures, the ELP moiety in ELP-TEMP undergoes a phase transition leading to an increase in the FRET efficiency. In HeLa cells, ELP-TEMP responded to the temperature from 33 to 40 °C with a maximum temperature sensitivity of 45.1 ± 8.1%/°C, which was the highest ever temperature sensitivity among hitherto-developed fluorescent nanothermometers. Although ELP-TEMP showed sensitivity not only to temperature but also to macromolecular crowding and self-concentration, we were able to correct the output of ELP-TEMP to achieve accurate temperature measurements at a subcellular resolution. We successfully applied ELP-TEMP to accurately measure temperature changes in cells induced by a local heat spot, even if the temperature difference was as small as < 1 °C, and to visualize heat production from stimulated Ca2+ influx in live HeLa cells induced by a chemical stimulation. Furthermore, we investigated temperatures in the nucleus and cytoplasm of live HeLa cells and found that their temperatures were almost the same within the temperature resolution of our measurement. Our study would contribute to better understanding of cellular temperature dynamics, and ELP-TEMP would be a useful GETI for the investigation of cell thermobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Quang Vu
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Fukushima
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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32
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Chung CW, Kaminski Schierle GS. Intracellular Thermometry at the Micro-/Nanoscale and its Potential Application to Study Protein Aggregation Related to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1546-1558. [PMID: 33326160 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a fundamental physical parameter that influences biological processes in living cells. Hence, intracellular temperature mapping can be used to derive useful information reflective of thermodynamic properties and cellular behaviour. Herein, existing publications on different thermometry systems, focusing on those that employ fluorescence-based techniques, are reviewed. From developments based on fluorescent proteins and inorganic molecules to metal nanoclusters and fluorescent polymers, the general findings of intracellular measurements from different research groups are discussed. Furthermore, the contradiction of mitochondrial thermogenesis and nuclear-cytoplasmic temperature differences to current thermodynamic understanding are highlighted. Lastly, intracellular thermometry is proposed as a tool to quantify the energy flow and cost associated with amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) aggregation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi Wei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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34
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The conundrum of hot mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148348. [PMID: 33248118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is often referred as the cellular powerhouse because the organelle oxidizes organic acids and NADH derived from nutriments, converting around 40% of the Gibbs free energy change of these reactions into ATP, the major energy currency of cell metabolism. Mitochondria are thus microscopic furnaces that inevitably release heat as a by-product of these reactions, and this contributes to body warming, especially in endotherms like birds and mammals. Over the last decade, the idea has emerged that mitochondria could be warmer than the cytosol, because of their intense energy metabolism. It has even been suggested that our own mitochondria could operate under normal conditions at a temperature close to 50 °C, something difficult to reconcile with the laws of thermal physics. Here, using our combined expertise in biology and physics, we exhaustively review the reports that led to the concept of a hot mitochondrion, which is essentially based on the development and use of a variety of molecular thermosensors whose intrinsic fluorescence is modified by temperature. Then, we discuss the physical concepts of heat diffusion, including mechanisms like phonons scattering, which occur in the nanoscale range. Although most of approaches with thermosensors studies present relatively sparse data and lack absolute temperature calibration, overall, they do support the hypothesis of hot mitochondria. However, there is no convincing physical explanation that would allow the organelle to maintain a higher temperature than its surroundings. We nevertheless proposed some research directions, mainly biological, that might help throw light on this intriguing conundrum.
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35
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Zhou J, Del Rosal B, Jaque D, Uchiyama S, Jin D. Advances and challenges for fluorescence nanothermometry. Nat Methods 2020; 17:967-980. [PMID: 32989319 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanothermometers can probe changes in local temperature in living cells and in vivo and reveal fundamental insights into biological properties. This field has attracted global efforts in developing both temperature-responsive materials and detection procedures to achieve sub-degree temperature resolution in biosystems. Recent generations of nanothermometers show superior performance to earlier ones and also offer multifunctionality, enabling state-of-the-art functional imaging with improved spatial, temporal and temperature resolutions for monitoring the metabolism of intracellular organelles and internal organs. Although progress in this field has been rapid, it has not been without controversy, as recent studies have shown possible biased sensing during fluorescence-based detection. Here, we introduce the design principles and advances in fluorescence nanothermometry, highlight application achievements, discuss scenarios that may lead to biased sensing, analyze the challenges ahead in terms of both fundamental issues and practical implementations, and point to new directions for improving this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain. .,Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
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36
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Li Y, Ivica NA, Dong T, Papageorgiou DP, He Y, Brown DR, Kleyman M, Hu G, Chen WW, Sullivan LB, Del Rosario A, Hammond PT, Vander Heiden MG, Chen J. MFSD7C switches mitochondrial ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in response to heme. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4837. [PMID: 32973183 PMCID: PMC7515921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP synthesis and thermogenesis are two critical outputs of mitochondrial respiration. How these outputs are regulated to balance the cellular requirement for energy and heat is largely unknown. Here we show that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 7C (MFSD7C) uncouples mitochondrial respiration to switch ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in response to heme. When heme levels are low, MSFD7C promotes ATP synthesis by interacting with components of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes III, IV, and V, and destabilizing sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2b (SERCA2b). Upon heme binding to the N-terminal domain, MFSD7C dissociates from ETC components and SERCA2b, resulting in SERCA2b stabilization and thermogenesis. The heme-regulated switch between ATP synthesis and thermogenesis enables cells to match outputs of mitochondrial respiration to their metabolic state and nutrient supply, and represents a cell intrinsic mechanism to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhong Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nikola A Ivica
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ting Dong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Papageorgiou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yanpu He
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Douglas R Brown
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marianna Kleyman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Walter W Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Boston Combined Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amanda Del Rosario
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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37
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Implementing Defects for Ratiometric Luminescence Thermometry. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071333. [PMID: 32650611 PMCID: PMC7407274 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In luminescence thermometry enabling temperature reading at a distance, an important challenge is to propose new solutions that open measuring and material possibilities. Responding to these needs, in the nanocrystalline phosphors of yttrium oxide Y2O3 and lutetium oxide Lu2O3, temperature-dependent emission of trivalent terbium Tb3+ dopant ions was recorded at the excitation wavelength 266 nm. The signal of intensity decreasing with temperature was monitored in the range corresponding to the 5D4 → 7F6 emission band. On the other hand, defect emission intensity obtained upon 543 nm excitation increases significantly at elevated temperatures. The opposite thermal monotonicity of these two signals in the same spectral range enabled development of the single band ratiometric luminescent thermometer of as high a relative sensitivity as 4.92%/°C and 2%/°C for Y2O3:Tb3+ and Lu2O3:Tb3+ nanocrystals, respectively. This study presents the first report on luminescent thermometry using defect emission in inorganic phosphors.
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38
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Suzuki M, Plakhotnik T. The challenge of intracellular temperature. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:593-600. [PMID: 32172449 PMCID: PMC7242542 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This short review begins with a brief introductory summary of luminescence nanothermometry. Current applications of luminescence nanothermometry are introduced in biological contexts. Then, theoretical bases of the “temperature” that luminescence nanothermometry determines are discussed. This argument is followed by the 105 gap issue between simple calculation and the measurements reported in literatures. The gap issue is challenged by recent literatures reporting single-cell thermometry using non-luminescent probes, as well as a report that determines the thermal conductivity of a single lipid bilayer using luminescence nanothermometry. In the end, we argue if we can be optimistic about the solution of the 105 gap issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Taras Plakhotnik
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Halip H, Yoshimura Y, Inami W, Kawata Y. Ultrashort laser based two-photon phase-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurement method. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:025003. [PMID: 32000143 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab71c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a two-photon phase-resolved fluorescence-lifetime measurement method based on the use of an ultrashort pulse laser. The proposed method also involves the use of a lock-in amplifier to control the phase difference between the reference and fluorescence signals, thereby facilitating the use of an alternative method for determining fluorescence lifetimes. Verification of the fluorescence lifetimes as measured in this study was performed using rhodamine B and a cellular thermoprobe as samples. In this study, we assume that the fluorescence decay was monoexponential in all cases. Rhodamine B was observed to exhibit an average fluorescence lifetime of 2.15 ns, whereas a temperature sensitivity of 1.39 ns C-1 over a temperature range of 33.79-37.2 °C was demonstrated for the cellular thermoprobe. These results validate the feasibility of the proposed method for accurate measurement of fluorescence lifetimes using a simple laser configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafizah Halip
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
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40
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Short-term temperature change detections and frequency signals in single cultured cells using a microfabricated thermistor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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Wang S, Sha X, Yu S, Zhao Y. Nanocalorimeters for biomolecular analysis and cell metabolism monitoring. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:011503. [PMID: 32038739 PMCID: PMC6994269 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanocalorimeters, or microfabricated calorimeters, provide a promising way to characterize the thermal process of biological processes, such as biomolecule interactions and cellular metabolic activities. They enabled miniaturized heat measurement onto a chip device with potential benefits including low sample consumption, low cost, portability, and high throughput. Over the past few decades, researchers have tried to improve nanocalorimeters' performance, in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and detection resolution, by exploring different sensing methods, thermal insulation techniques, and liquid handling methods. The enhanced devices resulted in new applications in recent years, and here we have summarized the performance parameters and applications based on categories. Finally, we have listed the current technical difficulties in nanocalorimeter research and hope for future solutions to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Sha
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Department of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066001, People’s Republic of China
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42
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A Note on the Consequences of a Hot Mitochondrion: Some Recent Developments and Open Questions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.26565/2075-3810-2020-43-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chrétien and co-workers (PLOS Biology. 2018;16(1):e2003992) recently suggested that the mitochondrion might possibly be hotter than its surrounding (by as much as 10°C). Objectives: To examine the validity of this claim and review the possible implications and repercussion of such a claim – if true – on some aspects of mitochondrial biochemistry and biophysics. Results: Both the chemical gradient and the electrical gradient Gibbs energy terms in the central equation of chemiosmotic theory are temperature dependent, the first explicitly and the second implicitly. A hotter mitochondrion – as claimed – would imply a 3% correction in the chemical gradient term, but we cannot estimate the corresponding effect on the electrical term at this time since the functional dependence of the voltage on the temperature is not known to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Further, if this claim is true and to the extent claimed (10°C), this may imply some heat-engine character for mitochondrial thermodynamic operation albeit this may only represent 4% at most. Conclusions: Doubts and criticisms regarding the suggestion of a hotter mitochondrion have been raised and are briefly discussed. These doubts are contrasted with some data and considerations that support the claim of a hotter mitochondrion. It is concluded that the mitochondrion is probably hotter than its environment but not to the extent claimed by Chrétien et al. and that the thermodynamic efficiency and the mode of operation of the mitochondrion as an electrochemical battery are very slightly perturbed by even the maximum claimed revision of the temperature of its operation.
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Cytoplasmic convection currents and intracellular temperature gradients. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007372. [PMID: 31682599 PMCID: PMC6827888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular thermometry has recently demonstrated temperatures in the nucleus, mitochondria, and centrosome to be significantly higher than those of the cytoplasm and cell membrane. This local thermogenesis and the resulting temperature gradient could facilitate the development of persistent, self-organizing convection currents in the cytoplasm of large eukaryotes. Using 3-dimensional computational simulations of intracellular fluid motion, we quantify the convective velocities that could result from the temperature differences observed experimentally. Based on these velocities, we identify the conditions necessary for this temperature-driven bulk flow to dominate over random thermal diffusive motion at the scale of a single eukaryotic cell. With temperature gradients of the order 1°C and diffusion coefficients comparable to those described in the literature, Péclet numbers ≥ 1 are feasible and permit comparable or greater effects of convection than diffusion in determining intracellular mass flux. In addition to the temperature gradient, the resulting flow patterns would also depend on the spatial localization of the heat source, the shape of the cell membrane, and the complex intracellular structure including the cytoskeleton. While this intracellular convection would be highly context-dependent, in certain settings, convective motion could provide a previously unrecognized mechanism for directed, bulk transport within eukaryotic cells.
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Uchiyama S. Fluorescent Sensors Based on a Novel Functional Design: Combination of an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore with Polymeric and Self-assembled Architectures. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Yao CY, Uchiyama S, de Silva AP. A Personal Journey across Fluorescent Sensing and Logic Associated with Polymers of Various Kinds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1351. [PMID: 31416199 PMCID: PMC6723954 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our experiences concerning fluorescent molecular sensing and logic devices and their intersections with polymer science are the foci of this brief review. Proton-, metal ion- and polarity-responsive cases of these devices are placed in polymeric micro- or nano-environments, some of which involve phase separation. This leads to mapping of chemical species on the nanoscale. These devices also take advantage of thermal properties of some polymers in water in order to reincarnate themselves as thermometers. When the phase separation leads to particles, the latter can be labelled with identification tags based on molecular logic. Such particles also give rise to reusable sensors, although molecular-scale resolution is sacrificed in the process. Polymeric nano-environments also help to organize rather complex molecular logic systems from their simple components. Overall, our little experiences suggest that researchers in sensing and logic would benefit if they assimilate polymer concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, BT9 5AG Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - A Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, BT9 5AG Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Hayashi T, Kawamoto K, Inada N, Uchiyama S. Cationic Fluorescent Nanogel Thermometers based on Thermoresponsive Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) and Environment-Sensitive Benzofurazan. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1305. [PMID: 31382693 PMCID: PMC6723757 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic nanogels of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), including NIPAM-based cationic fluorescent nanogel thermometers, were synthesized with a cationic radical initiator previously developed in our laboratory. These cationic nanogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy, as summarized in the temperature-dependent fluorescence response based on the structural change in polyNIPAM units in aqueous solutions. Cellular experiments using HeLa (human epithelial carcinoma) cells demonstrated that NIPAM-based cationic fluorescent nanogel thermometers can spontaneously enter the cells under mild conditions (at 25 °C for 20 min) and can show significant fluorescence enhancement without cytotoxicity with increasing culture medium temperature. The combination of the ability to enter cells and non-cytotoxicity is the most important advantage of cationic fluorescent nanogel thermometers compared with other types of fluorescent polymeric thermometers, i.e., anionic nanogel thermometers and cationic/anionic linear polymeric thermometers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Kawamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Cronshaw M, Parker S, Arany P. Feeling the Heat: Evolutionary and Microbial Basis for the Analgesic Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:517-526. [PMID: 31329512 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The clinical therapeutic benefits of Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy have been well established in many clinical scenarios. However, we are far from having developed a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of photon-biological tissue interactions. Concurrent to ongoing PBM studies, there are several parallel fields with evidences from cell and tissue physiology such as evolutionary biology, photobiology, and microbiology among others. Objective: This review is focused on extrapolating evidences from an expanded range of studies that may contribute to a better understanding of PBM mechanisms especially focusing on analgesia. Further, the choice of a PBM device source and relevant dosimetry with regards to specific mechanisms are discussed to enable broader clinical use of PBM therapies. Materials and methods: This discussion article is referenced from an expanded range of peer reviewed publications, including literature associated with evolutionary biology, microbiology, oncology, and photo-optical imaging technology, amongst others. Results and discussion: Materials drawn from many disparate disciplines is described. By inference from the current evidence base, a novel theory is offered to partially explain the cellular basis of PBM-induced analgesia. It is proposed that this may involve the activity of a class of transmembrane proteins known as uncoupling proteins. Furthermore, it is proposed that this may activate the heat stress protein response and that intracellur microthermal inclines may be of significance in PBM analgesia. It is suggested that the PBM dose response as a simple binary model of PBM effects as represented by the Arndt-Schulz law is clinically less useful than a multiphasic biological response. Finally, comments are made concerning the nature of photon to tissue interaction that can have significance in regard to the effective choice and delivery of dose to clinical target. Conclusions: It is suggested that a re-evaluation of phototransduction pathways may lead to an improvement in outcome in phototheraphy. An enhanced knowledge of safe parameters and a better knowledge of the mechanics of action at target level will permit more reliable and predictable clinical gain and assist the acceptance of PBM therapy within the wider medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cronshaw
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Steven Parker
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Praveen Arany
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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48
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Savchuk OA, Silvestre OF, Adão RMR, Nieder JB. GFP fluorescence peak fraction analysis based nanothermometer for the assessment of exothermal mitochondria activity in live cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7535. [PMID: 31101860 PMCID: PMC6525231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanothermometry methods with intracellular sensitivities have the potential to make important contributions to fundamental cell biology and medical fields, as temperature is a relevant physical parameter for molecular reactions to occur inside the cells and changes of local temperature are well identified therapeutic strategies. Here we show how the GFP can be used to assess temperature-based on a novel fluorescence peak fraction method. Further, we use standard GFP transfection reagents to assess temperature intracellularly in HeLa cells expressing GFP in the mitochondria. High thermal resolution and sensitivity of around 0.26% °C-1 and 2.5% °C-1, were achieved for wt-GFP in solution and emGFP-Mito within the cell, respectively. We demonstrate that the GFP-based nanothermometer is suited to directly follow the temperature changes induced by a chemical uncoupler reagent that acts on the mitochondria. The spatial resolution allows distinguishing local heating variations within the different cellular compartments. Our discovery may lead to establishing intracellular nanothermometry as a standard method applicable to the wide range of live cells able to express GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr A Savchuk
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Oscar F Silvestre
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M R Adão
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jana B Nieder
- Department of Nanophotonics, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal.
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Zhang H, Han W, Cao X, Gao T, Jia R, Liu M, Zeng W. Gold nanoclusters as a near-infrared fluorometric nanothermometer for living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Temperature imaging using a cationic linear fluorescent polymeric thermometer and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1293-1321. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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