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Kaczmarek M, Durda-Masny M, Hanć T. Reference data for body composition parameters in normal-weight Polish adolescents: results from the population-based ADOPOLNOR study. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05736-8. [PMID: 39325216 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop age- and sex-specific reference data for body composition parameters, including fat-free mass (FFM), body cell mass (BCM), fat mass (FM) and related indices, fat mass percentage (FM%), total body water (TBW) and muscle mass (MM) and to assess differences in these parameters between male and female adolescents. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data were obtained from an ethnically homogeneous sub-sample of 4037 normal-weight participants selected on the basis of BMI from the total sample (2005 males and 2032 females aged 10-18 years) of the ADOPOLNOR study, a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in western Poland. The LMS method and RefCurv version 0.4.2 software package were used to calculate centile values and plot smoothed centile curves. The results showed age-related changes in body composition parameters and a clear sexual dimorphism. From the age of 13 (for FFM) or 14 (for BCM, BCMI and MM) or throughout adolescence (for TBW and FFMI), boys had consistently higher values for these parameters than girls (p < 0.01 for each). However, they had significantly lower values for FM, FMI and FM% (1.3, 1.6 and 1.5 times lower at 18 years, respectively), indicating a lower proportion of body fat than girls (p < 0.01 for each). The centile values and curves were specific for boys and girls of all ages. Compared with other European adolescent cohorts, the data fit the normal-weight subsamples better than the population reference data. CONCLUSION This study provides reference data for body composition in normal (healthy) weight Polish adolescents, providing a contextualised framework that takes into account the unique physiological and environmental factors of the region. These reference data may also be useful for other Central European adolescents. WHAT IS KNOWN • Adolescence is a period of significant physical growth and increased susceptibility to nutritional problems due to factors such as suboptimal nutrition, unhealthy dietary choices, inadequate physical activity and psychosocial stressors related to body image concerns. • Body composition (BC) parameters, rather than BMI alone, are more effective in identifying nutritional abnormalities and health risks such as eating disorders, obesity and chronic diseases. Existing studies provide reference data for BC parameters, but often do not cover all relevant measures or specific regional populations. WHAT IS NEW • This study provides new age- and sex-specific reference values for a comprehensive range of body composition parameters, including body cell mass (BCM), total body water (TBW) and muscle mass (MM), in addition to fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), in a large, ethnically homogeneous, normal-weight population of Polish adolescents aged 10-18 years. • These reference values for the normalweight cohort reflect healthy adolescent growth and body composition patterns, minimising bias from abnormal weight status. In addition, they can be applied to other Central European adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Durda-Masny
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Tozer S, Alexander-White C, Amin R, Audebert F, Barratt C, O'Brien J, Burke T, Bury D, Nguea HD, Dimopoulou M, Farahmand S, Fritz S, Gerber E, Giusti A, Goodwin W, Kirsch T, Oreffo V, McNamara C. From worst-case to reality - Case studies illustrating tiered refinement of consumer exposure to cosmetic ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 143:105436. [PMID: 37429522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumer exposure to cosmetic ingredients is estimated in a tiered manner. Simple Tier1 deterministic aggregate exposure modelling generates a worst case estimate of exposure. Tier1 assumes that a consumer uses all cosmetic products concomitantly daily, at maximum frequency, and products always contain the ingredient at the maximum allowed % w/w concentration. Refining exposure assessment from worst case to more realistic estimates uses evidence from surveys of actual use levels of ingredients and Tier2 probabilistic models, where distributions of consumer use data can be applied. In Tier2+ modelling, occurrence data provides evidence of products on the market actually containing the ingredient. Three case studies are presented using this tiered approach to illustrate progressive refinement. The scale of refinements from Tier1 to Tier2+ modelling for the ingredients, propyl paraben, benzoic acid and DMDM hydantoin were: 0.492 to 0.026; 1.93 to 0.042 and 1.61 to 0.027 mg/kg/day exposure dose. For propyl paraben, moving from Tier1 to Tier2+ represents a refinement from 49-fold to 3-fold overestimate of exposure when compared to a maximum estimate of 0.01 mg/kg/day exposure seen in human studies. Such refinements from worst case to realistic levels of exposure estimation can be critical in the demonstration of consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tozer
- Procter & Gamble Technical Centres Ltd, Reading, RG2 0QE, UK
| | | | - Ripal Amin
- Avon Products International, 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY, 10901, USA
| | | | - Catherine Barratt
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - John O'Brien
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Dagmar Bury
- Worldwide Safety Evaluation Department, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 9 Rue Pierre Dreyfus, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Hermine Dika Nguea
- Worldwide Safety Evaluation Department, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, 9 Rue Pierre Dreyfus, 92110, Clichy, France
| | | | - Sarah Farahmand
- Edgewell Personal Care, 75 Commerce Drive, Allendale, NJ, 07401, USA
| | - Sabrina Fritz
- Kao Germany GmbH, Pfungstädter Straße 98-100, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Arianna Giusti
- Cosmetics Europe - The Personal Care Association, Avenue Herrmann-Debroux 40, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William Goodwin
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Taryn Kirsch
- Procter & Gamble, Sulzbacher Str. 40, 65824, Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany
| | - Victor Oreffo
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Cronan McNamara
- Creme Global, 4th Floor, The Tower, Trinity Technology & Enterprise Campus, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Kułaga Z, Świąder-Leśniak A, Kotowska A, Litwin M. Population-based references for waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios for children and adolescents, and evaluation of their predictive ability. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-05001-4. [PMID: 37140701 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a public health problem globally as well as in Poland. This paper aimed to provide age- and sex-specific waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio normative values for Polish children and adolescents aged 3 - 18 years for more precise monitoring of abdominal fat accumulation. The waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio references were constructed with the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method using data from two nationally representative health surveys: the OLA study and the OLAF study, the largest available paediatric surveys in Poland which provided measured height, weight, waist, hip and blood pressure for 22,370 children and adolescents aged 3 - 18 years. The predictive ability of newly established references for overweight/obesity as defined by the International Obesity Task Force criteria and elevated blood pressure was tested with receiver operating characteristic. Abdominal obesity cut-offs linked to adult cardiometabolic cut-offs were established. Reference values for waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio are presented, as well as waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio cut-off values linked to adult's cut-offs of cardiometabolic risk. The predictive value for overweight and obesity of population-based waist, hip and waist-to-height ratio references was outstanding-area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.95 in both sexes, whereas with regard to the elevated blood pressure predictive ability was low-area under the receiver operating characteristic curve < 0.65. Conclusion: This paper presents the first waist, hip, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio references for Polish children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. The 90th and 95th percentile and cut-offs linked to adult thresholds for cardiometabolic risk are proposed as cut-offs for abdominal obesity. What is Known: • Waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio are used to assess abdominal obesity in children and adults. • In Poland, there is no abdominal obesity and hip circumference references for children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age. What is New: • Population-based references of central obesity indices and hip references for children and youth aged 3-18 years and cardiometabolic risk thresholds for children and adolescents linked to adult's cut-offs were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Kułaga
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Świąder-Leśniak
- Laboratory of Anthropology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Kotowska
- Public Health Department, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Litwin
- Department of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
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Antunes NMN, Silveira MF, Silva RRV, Rocha JSB, Oliveira FPSLD, Ruas SJS, Borborema FAM, Duarte JHP, Rodrigues CAO, Brito MFSF, Caldeira AP, Pinho LD. Diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators used to assess excess body fat in adolescence. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2023; 41:e2021189. [PMID: 35830159 PMCID: PMC9273120 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the performance of anthropometric indicators that identify excess body fat (BF) in adolescents. Methods: This is a methodological study that used probability cluster sampling through school and class draws. Data collection included sociodemographic characteristics and anthropometric measures. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (C index), and waist circumference (WC) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was calculated from skinfold thickness and used as the gold standard. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and Youden’s index were used, in addition to correlation coefficient calculation between the indicators and BF%. Results: A total of 997 adolescents enrolled in municipal secondary schools participated in the study. By calculating the BMI, we found that 10.6% of adolescents were overweight, and 4.7% were obese. BMI, WC, and WtHR had the highest accuracy to predict body fatness. All the anthropometric indicators had higher specificity than sensitivity to diagnose excess BF in males. WC had the highest sensitivity in both genders. C index had the smallest area under the ROC curve and the lowest sensitivity in both genders, but its specificity was equivalent to that of the other indicators. Conclusions: BMI, WtHR, and WC were the best anthropometric indicators to predict excess BF in adolescents and had the best correlation coefficients. These tools can be considered in the screening to detect excess BF in adolescents.
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Latif R, Rafique N. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prediabetes in Young Saudi Females in a University Setting. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:929-940. [PMID: 33883838 PMCID: PMC8047230 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies reporting prediabetes prevalence in young Saudis are almost a decade old. The present study determined prediabetes prevalence and its associated risk factors (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure and physical activity) in young Saudi females. Methods Three hundred Saudi females (18–20 years old), studying in year 2 and 3 at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, were categorized as normoglycemic or prediabetic based on fasting plasma glucose criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA). Anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and physical activity data were compared. Association between fasting blood glucose and study variables was found by Bivariate analysis (Spearman Correlation for non-parametric variables and Pearson correlation for parametric) followed by Binary Logistic Regression analysis. Results Prevalence of prediabetes by WHO and ADA criteria were 11.3% and 18.7% respectively. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-stature-ratios were significantly raised in prediabetics compared to normoglycemic (WHO criteria p-values; 0.03, 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, 0.01, 0.04 respectively; ADA criteria 0.04, 0.001, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.01 respectively). For each unit increase in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, and waist circumference, the odds of becoming prediabetic increased by a factor of 1.02, 1.05, 1.04 and 1.03 respectively by WHO criteria: and 1.01, 1.03, 1.02, and 1.02 respectively by ADA criteria Conclusion Substantial numbers of young females in our university are suffering from prediabetes. An increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and waist circumference are significant risk factors for prediabetes in young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Nazish Rafique
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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Wasyl-Nawrot B, Wójcik M, Nazim J, Skupień J, Starzyk JB. Increased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and No Change in the Age of Diagnosis and BMI-SDS at the Onset - is the Accelerator Hypothesis not Working? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:281-286. [PMID: 31990164 PMCID: PMC7499142 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the hypothesized reasons for the observed increase in type 1 diabetes incidence in children is weight gain, causing accelerated disease development in predisposed individuals. This so-called accelerator hypothesis is, however, controversial. The aim was to analyze whether, in the ethnically homogeneous population of Lesser Poland, an increase in the number of cases of diabetes among children was associated with younger age and higher body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) at the time of diagnosis. METHODS Retrospective data analysis from medical records of all patients <14 years (n=559; 50.6% male), with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, in Lesser Poland between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2017 (11 years). RESULTS The incidence ratio ranged significantly (p<0.001) from the lowest in 2006 (11.2/100,000/year) to the highest in 2012 (21.9/100,000/year). The mean age of diagnosis was 8.2±3.5 years. There was no trend in decreasing diagnosis age (p=0.43). The mean BMI-SDS was -0.4±1.2. Almost all children (91.6%) presented with BMI-SDS within the normal range at the time of diagnosis, with only 2.7% of cases being obese and 5.7% underweight at the moment of diagnosis. There was no clear trend at all in BMI-SDS over the study period. CONCLUSION These results do not corroborate an increase of type 1 incidence in paediatric population being associated with younger age of diagnosis and higher BMI-SDS. This implies that the accelerator hypothesis does not hold true in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wasyl-Nawrot
- Hospital in Brzesko, Clinic of Pediatrics, Brzesko, Poland,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland,University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland,* Address for Correspondence: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, Medical College; University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland Phone: +0048 123339039 E-mail:
| | - Joanna Nazim
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland,University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Skupień
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy B. Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland,University Children’s Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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Rešetar J, Pfeifer D, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Sorić M, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Šatalić Z. Eveningness in Energy Intake among Adolescents with Implication on Anthropometric Indicators of Nutritional Status: The CRO-PALS Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061710. [PMID: 32517370 PMCID: PMC7352272 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifting of energy intake towards a later time in the day is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adults. However, there is a lack of data for adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents eveningness in energy intake (EV) and its association with anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. This investigation was based on results from the Croatian physical activity in adolescence longitudinal study (CRO-PALS). The cohort included 607 adolescents (50.25% females and 49.75% males) who were assessed at the age of 15/16 and 18/19. A single multi-pass 24-h recall was used as a dietary assessment method, while anthropometric indicators of nutritional status included body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and the sum of four skinfolds. The School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES) questionnaire was used to assess active daily energy expenditure and sedentary behaviors. EV was significantly higher at 18/19 years compared to 15/16 years in whole population (p < 0.01), among male adolescents (p < 0.01), but not among female adolescents (p > 0.05). Although a significant correlation between EV and WHR was found in females at the age of 15/16 (p < 0.01), the results of this study suggest that EV has no or a minor effect on anthropometric indicators of nutritional status in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.R.); (D.P.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Danijela Pfeifer
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.R.); (D.P.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.-D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.-D.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova ulica 22, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.R.); (D.P.); (Z.Š.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-14-605-025
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.R.); (D.P.); (Z.Š.)
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Risk Factors and Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity among Upper-Secondary Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101750. [PMID: 31108859 PMCID: PMC6572187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate eating habits, as well as a low level of physical activity, influence adipose tissue deposition. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of central obesity in upper-secondary students and to determine the factors related to its occurrence. The survey included 309 participants, aged 16 to 18 years from Krakow (Poland). Anthropometric measurements were taken during the periodic assessment of students’ health status. An anonymous questionnaire was used to assess the nutritional and non-nutritional risk factors of participants. According to different methods of measurement, abdominal obesity (AO) was observed in 15.5% (WC—waist circumference), 10.7% (WHtR—waist to height ratio) or 21.7% (WHR—waist to hip ratio) participants. Abdominal obesity (WC) was significantly associated with family history of excess body weight and higher economic status of the family. The risk of AO (WC) was significantly lower among adolescents who declared higher physical activity. Boys who eat first breakfasts have lower AO risk according to WHtR interpretation. Abdominal obesity in gender group was related to the self-esteem of one’s own appearance according to WHtR and WC. Abdominal obesity was associated with the family environment and modifiable lifestyle factors and was dependent on gender.
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Szabelska-Zakrzewska K, Durko A, Socha-Banasiak A, Majewska M, Kolejwa M, Kazanek-Zasada J, Czkwianianc E. Metabolic syndrome in overweight or obese children and adolescents based on own material Abstract Key words. DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD MEDICINE 2019; 22. [PMID: 30636232 PMCID: PMC8522824 DOI: 10.34763/devperiodmed.20182204.351357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) components in overweight or obese children and adolescents, as well as analyze the risk factors of its occurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 70 children and adolescents aged 5-18 hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute in Lodz (Poland) based on the results of medical histories, physical examination, biochemical investigation, and calculation of the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS Results: MS was diagnosed in 14 children (20%). The most common abnormalities besides obesity included: decreased High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (n=13, 92.9%), increased triglycerides (TG) concentrations (n=10, 71.4%) and arterial hypertension (n=10, 71,4%). Among all the children, insulin resistance was diagnosed in 29 subjects (41.4%). The results of univariate logistic regression showed that the occurrence of lipid disorders, obesity, hypertension and diabetes in their parents, as well as the duration of pregnancy, birth weight, or breastfeeding were not associated with the risk of MS development in the subjects (p>0.05). However, in the study group, 92.9% of subjects had one or more particular risk factor for MS development. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Besides visceral obesity, lipid disorders were the most frequently observed components of MS in the subjects analyzed, which may have prognostic significance. The occurrence of one or more MS risk factors in almost all of the children studied indicates the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the studied group in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szabelska-Zakrzewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland, Katarzyna Szabelska-Zakrzewska Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, 93-338 Lodz, Poland. tel. (+48 42) 271-13-41 fax: (+48 42) 271-13-40
| | - Alina Durko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Socha-Banasiak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Kolejwa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kazanek-Zasada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czkwianianc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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VASILJEVIC I. Anthropometric Parameters as Indicators of Obesity in Adolescents in Montenegro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1769-1770. [PMID: 30581797 PMCID: PMC6294854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Ulbricht L, de Campos MF, Esmanhoto E, Ripka WL. Prevalence of excessive body fat among adolescents of a south Brazilian metropolitan region and State capital, associated risk factors, and consequences. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:312. [PMID: 29499687 PMCID: PMC5834854 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight/obesity has become a major concern for public health in developing countries. Risk factors need to be well documented so that these countries develop public policies to fight the problem. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of excess fat among adolescents of a South Brazilian State Capital associated with risk factors and their consequences. METHODS This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 with adolescents aged 11-18 years. The following body composition measurements were collected: body mass, height, waist circumference, fat mass and bone mineral density (this latter through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). Biochemical data as glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were also collected. Finally, socioeconomic questionnaires were applied, as well as questionnaires regarding: the education level of guardians, active transportation, time spent with sedentary activities and physical activities. Odds ratios and chi-square test were applied in statistical analysis. RESULTS Data from 675 adolescents, from which 70% were males, were analyzed. The mean age was 14.7 ± 1.8 years. The prevalence of excess fat was 18.2% in boys and 92.1% in girls. As for sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity, having one of these factors increased the risk of being overweight by 7.9 times for boys and 3.0 times for girls. In boys, there was a significant association between excess fat and waist circumference (p = 0.000; OR = 13.5; CI = 7.0-25.9), physical activity level (p = 0.000; OR = 4.0; CI = 2.5-6.5), triglycerides (p = 0.019; OR = 2.2; CI = 1.1-4.2) and total cholesterol (p = 0.000; OR = 2.6; CI = 1.6-4.5). In girls, there was an association between having excess fat and an increase in total cholesterol (p = 0.000; OR = 8.0; CI = 2.6-24.4). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of excess fat was greater than what was described by some studies conducted in developed countries. This reality demonstrates the need to implement public policies that can directly promote the reduction of sedentary habits and reinforce the importance of adopting an active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Ulbricht
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 – Rebouças – CEP, Curitiba, PR 80230-901 Brazil
| | - Mariane Ferreira de Campos
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 – Rebouças – CEP, Curitiba, PR 80230-901 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Esmanhoto
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 – Rebouças – CEP, Curitiba, PR 80230-901 Brazil
| | - Wagner Luis Ripka
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165 – Rebouças – CEP, Curitiba, PR 80230-901 Brazil
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Ripka WL, Ulbricht L, Gewehr PM. Body composition and prediction equations using skinfold thickness for body fat percentage in Southern Brazilian adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184854. [PMID: 28910398 PMCID: PMC5599014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to: a) determine the nutritional status of Brazilian adolescents, and; b) present a skinfold thickness model (ST) to estimate body fat developed with Brazilian samples, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. METHODS The main study group was composed of 374 adolescents, and further 42 adolescents for the validation group. Weight, height, waist circumference measurements, and body mass index (BMI) were collected, as well as nine ST-biceps (BI), triceps (TR), chest (CH), axillary (AX) subscapularis (SB), abdominal (AB), suprailiac (SI), medial thigh (TH), calf (CF), and fat percentage (%BF) obtained by DXA. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight in adolescents was 20.9%, and obesity 5.8%. Regression analysis through ordinary least square method (OLS) allowed obtainment of three equations with values of R2 = 0.935, 0.912 and 0.850, standard error estimated = 1.79, 1.78 and 1.87, and bias = 0.06, 0.20 and 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION the innovation of this study lies in presenting new regression equations for predicting body fat in Southern Brazilian adolescents based on a representative and heterogeneous sample from DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luis Ripka
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leandra Ulbricht
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Miguel Gewehr
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology—Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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How to Simplify the Diagnostic Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents. Pediatr Neonatol 2017; 58:178-184. [PMID: 27543380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of the height-corrected definition for identifying metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS In 2006, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed in a cross-sectional population-based study of 3136 Han adolescents, aged 13-17 years. MS was defined according to the definitions of Cook et al, International Diabetes Federation, and the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association. Waist-to-height and blood pressure-to-height ratios were alternatives to waist circumference and blood pressure in the height-corrected definition. RESULTS According to the MS definition and the height-corrected MS definition, this agreement would be classified as "very good" (National Cholesterol Education Program kappa coefficients: 0.850 in boys and 0.816 in girls; International Diabetes Federation kappa coefficients: 0.953 in boys and 0.807 in girls; Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association kappa coefficients: 0.932 in boys; p < 0.001) and "good" (Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association kappa coefficients: 0.737 in girls; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the height-corrected definition of MS is a simple, inexpensive, and accurate tool for identifying MS in Han adolescents.
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Marrodán M, González-Montero de Espinosa M, Herráez Á, Alfaro E, Bejarano I, Carmenate M, Lomaglio D, López-Ejeda N, Martínez A, Mesa M, Pérez BM, Meléndez J, Moreno-Romero S, Pacheco J, Vázquez V, Dipierri J. Development of subcutaneous fat in Spanish and Latin American children and adolescents: Reference values for biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Positive association between waist-to-height ratio and hypertension in adolescents. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Madruga JG, Moraes Silva F, Scherer Adami F. Positive association between waist-to-height ratio and hypertension in adolescents. Rev Port Cardiol 2016; 35:479-84. [PMID: 27503587 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The obesity and overweight epidemic, together with increasing cardiovascular disease, represent a major public health problem worldwide, and their occurrence in childhood and adolescence has increased in recent decades. The objective of this study was to assess the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and the incidence of hypertension in adolescents. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 10-17 years of both sexes attending municipal schools in inland Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Using a secondary database, weight and height measurements, blood pressure, and waist circumference (WC) were analyzed and body mass index (BMI) and WHR were calculated. Blood pressure was classified according to the Brazilian hypertension guidelines, BMI according to the curves of the World Health Organization, and WC according to Taylor et al. The cutoff used for WHR was 0.50 for both sexes. RESULTS Of the 1030 adolescents studied, 29.6% (305) presented overweight/obesity and 30.4% (313) had hypertension; 24% (247) had high WC and 18.3% (189) presented high WHR. Participants with WHR ≥0.50 were 2.4 times more likely to have hypertension than those with WHR <0.50 (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.73-3.32; p<0.001). CONCLUSION A positive association was found between WHR and the presence of hypertension in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gomes Madruga
- Centro Universitário Univates, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Nutrição, Lajeado, Brasil.
| | - Flávia Moraes Silva
- Centro Universitário Univates, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Nutrição, Lajeado, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Scherer Adami
- Centro Universitário Univates, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Nutrição, Lajeado, Brasil
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Kuhle S, Ashley-Martin J, Maguire B, Hamilton DC. Percentile curves for skinfold thickness for Canadian children and youth. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2247. [PMID: 27547554 PMCID: PMC4963217 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements are a reliable and feasible method for assessing body fat in children but their use and interpretation is hindered by the scarcity of reference values in representative populations of children. The objective of the present study was to develop age- and sex-specific percentile curves for five SFT measures (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, medial calf) in a representative population of Canadian children and youth. Methods. We analyzed data from 3,938 children and adolescents between 6 and 19 years of age who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 (2007/2009) and 2 (2009/2011). Standardized procedures were used to measure SFT. Age- and sex-specific centiles for SFT were calculated using the GAMLSS method. Results. Percentile curves were materially different in absolute value and shape for boys and girls. Percentile girls in girls steadily increased with age whereas percentile curves in boys were characterized by a pubertal centered peak. Conclusions. The current study has presented for the first time percentile curves for five SFT measures in a representative sample of Canadian children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuhle
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Jillian Ashley-Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Bryan Maguire
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - David C Hamilton
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
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