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Hwang S, Shin H. Gender Gap in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: A Decomposition Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2250. [PMID: 36767616 PMCID: PMC9915860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been widespread but unevenly distributed among genders. The pandemic may have also affected men's and women's mental health differently. This study examined whether the pandemic had stronger adverse effects on women's mental health than on that of men given that the decline of the labor market was greater for women than for men. Using data from South Korea (June/September/December 2020, N = 3000), we investigated the gender gap in mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with gender differences in labor market experiences. We employ the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method for this analysis. Although depression and anxiety increased among employed women and men during COVID-19, women showed lower levels of mental health than men. A significant portion of this gender gap is explained by women experiencing greater job loss, income reduction, and prohibition of remote work than men. We also find that women in their 30s experienced greater mental health problems than men of the same age even after controlling for other conditions. Overall, our findings show that a greater proportion of employed women than men experienced poor labor market conditions and increased family burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to women reporting worse mental health than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunoong Hwang
- Department of Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heeju Shin
- Department of Sociology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 16442, Republic of Korea
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2
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Asper M, Osika W, Dalman C, Pöllänen E, Simonsson O, Flodin P, Sidorchuk A, Marchetti L, Awil F, Castro R, Niemi ME. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and previous pandemics, epidemics and economic crises on mental health: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e181. [PMID: 36214114 PMCID: PMC9551492 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rise in mental illness is expected to follow the COVID-19 pandemic, which has also been projected to lead to a deep global economic recession, further adding to risk factors. AIMS The aim of this review was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and previous pandemics, epidemics and economic crises on mental health. METHOD Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Sociological Abstracts. We included studies of all populations exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other similar pandemics/epidemics and economic crises, compared with non-exposed time periods or regions. The outcome was mental health. RESULTS The 174 included studies assessed mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic (87 studies), 2008 economic crisis (84 studies) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic (three studies). Outcomes were divided into affective disorders, suicides, mental healthcare utilisation and other mental health. COVID-19 pandemic studies were of lesser quality than those for the economic crisis or SARS epidemic. Most studies for all exposures showed increases in affective disorders and other mental health problems. For economic crisis exposure, increases in mental healthcare utilisation and suicides were also found, but these findings were mixed for COVID-19 pandemic exposure. This is probably because of quarantine measures affecting help-seeking and shorter follow-ups of studies of COVID-19 pandemic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of available, accessible and sustainable mental health services. Also, socioeconomically disadvantaged populations should be particular targets of policy interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Asper
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Walter Osika
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Elin Pöllänen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Otto Simonsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Pär Flodin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Anna Sidorchuk
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Rosa Castro
- Federation of European Academies of Medicine, Belgium
| | - Maria E Niemi
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Cureton JL, Leslie M, McMahon B, Lowe HE, Tovey B, Rumrill PD. Anxiety and employment discrimination: Implications for counseling and return to work practice. Work 2022; 73:1091-1102. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-223649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The most prevalent mental health diagnosis is anxiety disorder, which remains largely undertreated. OBJECTIVE: This investigation considered differences in workplace discrimination against adults with anxiety disorders during two eras of legal history: the original Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990-2008) and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA, 2009-present). METHOD: Research questions addressed differential (a) numbers and types of allegations (b) case resolutions, and (c) demographic characteristics of the charging parties. RESULTS: Results indicated substantially more allegations and merit-based resolutions filed by charging parties with anxiety disorders post-ADAAA. Furthermore, the post-ADAAA era revealed increases in allegations from women and people from non-white racial groups. CONCLUSION: These findings can inform advocacy and counseling and rehabilitation services for clients who experience anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L. Cureton
- Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Mykal Leslie
- Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Brian McMahon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hannah E. Lowe
- Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Bridget Tovey
- Department of Counselor Education and Supervision, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Alam SA, Bose B. Stepping into adulthood during a recession: Did job losses during the Great Recession impact health of young adults? HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:1730-1751. [PMID: 35643918 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to comprehensively examine the impact of job losses during the Great Recession on mental health, physical health, health behavior, and risky health behavior of young adults (ages 18-27). We employ U.S. longitudinal data with individual fixed effects to control for time-invariant factors that may bias the results. We find that job losses during the recession of young adults living by themselves led to increased onset of doctor-diagnosed mental health problems and worries related to jobs. Poorer individuals suffered more from increased worries, obesity, and binge drinking. In contrast, for those living with their parents, job loss of young adults did not negatively affect their own health. Instead, fathers' job losses led to worse mental health, physical health, and health behavior for young adults. Overall, the results suggest that when living on their own, young adults were responsible for their households' livelihood, and consequently, own job losses led to stress and negative health outcomes. However, when living with parents, they were financially reliant on their parents. Therefore, own job losses did not affect health, but job losses of fathers, the primary income earners for most households, worsened the health of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Adeeb Alam
- Department of International Studies, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bijetri Bose
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Robles-Mariños R, Angeles AI, Alvarado GF. Factors associated with health anxiety in medical students at a private university in Lima, Peru. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:89-98. [PMID: 35753983 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few studies that examine the factors associated with the different levels of health anxiety in medical students. The objective was to determine the factors associated with the levels of health anxiety in medical students in 2018. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with 657 medical students from a private Peruvian university. Participants answered a questionnaire from which information was collected regarding levels of health anxiety (SHAI). For the analysis, linear regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted betas, and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The mean health anxiety score was 14 ± 6.7. An association between health anxiety and the year of study is reported, with the second year showing the highest scores. In addition, an association between health anxiety and smoking is highlighted, as there are higher levels in occasional smokers, as well as a weak inverse correlation with age. No association was found with sex, place of birth, or having a first-degree relative that is a doctor or health worker. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that age, year of studies and smoking are associated with health anxiety levels. More studies are required, especially of a longitudinal nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Robles-Mariños
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Peru.
| | - Andrea I Angeles
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Germán F Alvarado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
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Impact of COVID-19 on mental health according to prior depression status: A mental health survey of community prospective cohort data. J Psychosom Res 2021; 148:110552. [PMID: 34171768 PMCID: PMC8590509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mental health impact of COVID-19 on a demographically well-characterized population cohort by gender and previous depression status. METHODS Among people who participated in a community cohort study between 2013 and 2018 with previous depression measurement, a total of 1928 people without quarantine experience (680 men and 1249 women) were included after responding to an online survey in March 2020. In the 2020 survey, people were queried about daily needs supply, social support, risk perception, change during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as mental health indices measuring loneliness, anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Separate analyses by gender were conducted to assess the association between COVID-19-related experiences and each mental health index, using multivariable logistic regressions with additional adjustment and stratification with pre-existing depression status. RESULTS We could not observe significant gender differences for depression, anxiety, PTSD, and loneliness at 55 days after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. Most external support, including daily needs supply and social support, protected men and women from experiencing severe anxiety (for life supply, OR = 0.92 (95%CI 0.88-0.97) (men) and OR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) (women); for social support, OR = 0.92(both for men and women, p < 0.01)). The results were similar for depression and PTSD. External support showed a larger reduction in the likelihoods for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with pre-existing depression compared to previously healthy people, and it was more prominent in men. CONCLUSION COVID-19 significantly affected the mental health of both men and women in the early period of the pandemic. Having enough supply of daily needs and social support seems important, especially for people with previous depression.
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Guerra O, Eboreime E. The Impact of Economic Recessions on Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders and Illness Outcomes-A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 34562956 PMCID: PMC8464685 DOI: 10.3390/bs11090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of a global economic recession secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, this scoping review seeks to summarize the current quantitative research on the impact of economic recessions on depression, anxiety, traumatic disorders, self-harm, and suicide. Seven research databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science: Core Collection, National Library of Medicine PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar) were searched for keywords returning 3412 preliminary results published since 2008 in Organisation for Economic Coordination and Development (OECD)nations. These were screened by both authors for inclusion/exclusion criteria resulting in 127 included articles. Articles included were quantitative studies in OECD countries assessing select mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and trauma-/stress-related disorders) and illness outcomes (self-harm and suicide) during periods of economic recession. Articles were limited to publication from 2008 to 2020, available online in English, and utilizing outcome measures specific to the disorders and outcomes specified above. A significant relationship was found between periods of economic recession and increased depressive symptoms, self-harming behaviour, and suicide during and following periods of recession. Results suggest that existing models for mental health support and strategies for suicide prevention may be less effective than they are in non-recession times. It may be prudent to focus public education and medical treatments on raising awareness and access to supports for populations at higher risk, including those vulnerable to the impacts of job or income loss due to low socioeconomic status preceding the recession or high levels of financial strain, those supporting others financially, approaching retirement, and those in countries with limited social safety nets. Policy makers should be aware of the potential protective nature of unemployment safeguards and labour program investment in mitigating these negative impacts. Limited or inconclusive data were found on the relationship with traumatic disorders and symptoms of anxiety. In addition, research has focused primarily on the working-age adult population with limited data available on children, adolescents, and older adults, leaving room for further research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Guerra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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Amiri S. Unemployment associated with major depression disorder and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2080-2092. [PMID: 34259616 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1954793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. Search time was limited to all articles published in English until December 2020. In the association between unemployment and depression, first, the results of qualified studies were extracted and, then, the results of each study were pooled with each other using the random effects method. Results. The prevalence of depression in the unemployed is 21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [18, 24%]. This prevalence for depression symptoms is 24%, 95% CI [20, 28%] and for major depressive disorder is 16%, 95% CI [9-24%]. The association between unemployment and depressive symptoms was odds ratio (OR) 2.06, 95% CI [1.85, 2.30] and the association for major depressive disorder was OR 1.88, 95% CI [1.57, 2.25]. The association between unemployment and depression in men was OR 2.27, 95% CI [1.76, 2.93] and in women was OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.40, 1.87]. Conclusions. What is clear from the present study is that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Home Quarantine Induced Health Anxiety During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic - Evidence From Iraq. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e26. [PMID: 34309501 PMCID: PMC8943275 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the compliance to voluntary home quarantine and to examine the prevalence and associated factors of health anxiety among the voluntary home quarantined population during the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS An online survey questionnaire, including the health anxiety questionnaire, was administered to 1578 eligible adults from the general population of 19 governorates of Iraq. RESULTS Self-reported compliance with home confinement was reported by a majority of respondents (83%) and was followed to a larger extent by young adults (62.2%), females (53.9%), unmarried individuals (56.7%), university graduates (54.5%), unemployed individuals (48.6%), and inhabitants of the northern provinces (50.2%). Compliance was significantly correlated to the level of personal knowledge on COVID-19. The quarantined individuals experienced greater health anxieties and preoccupations and exhibited increased reassurance-seeking behavior. Higher knowledge of COVID-19 was a protective factor against health anxiety. CONCLUSIONS A significant mental health burden is discovered among Iraqis during the quarantine period. Based on the insights gleaned from this study, psychological education and interventions should be prioritized to diminish the psychological impact of the quarantine experience, especially among the high-risk groups. Improvement in compliance to quarantine can be approached by providing better information regarding the novel infection.
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Bierman A. Why Have Sleep Problems in Later-Midlife Grown Following the Great Recession? A Comparative Cohort Analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1005-1014. [PMID: 32227082 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research compares three cohorts of individuals in their fifth decade of life and examines whether sleep problems are greater in cohorts following the Great Recession. We argue that these differences will occur because postrecession cohorts are exposed to more economic burdens that harm sleep. We also suggest that postrecession exposure to economic burdens will be amplified among women, leading to greater cross-cohort differences in sleep problems. METHOD Data were derived from the Health and Retirement Study, focusing on cohort surveys starting in 2004, 2010, and 2016 (N = 12,129). Structural equation models compared cohorts in latent levels of sleep problems and also examined whether economic burdens mediated cohort differences. Interactions tested whether cohort differences varied between men and women. RESULTS The 2010 and 2016 cohorts had higher mean levels of sleep problems than the 2004 cohort. Greater postrecession exposure to economic burdens largely explained inter-cohort change in sleep problems, with this pattern stronger among women. DISCUSSION Americans are approaching their senior years increasingly burdened by economic stressors that incur sleep problems. Practitioners and aging researchers should be prepared to address deleterious health consequences created by heightened sleep impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bierman
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Canada
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Shreffler KM, Joachims CN, Tiemeyer S, Simmons WK, Teague TK, Hays-Grudo J. Childhood Adversity and Perceived Distress from the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:1-4. [PMID: 33527096 PMCID: PMC7841380 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-021-00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to adversity may increase an individual's reactivity to subsequent stressors. In this paper, we examine how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with experiencing greater perceived distress during the pandemic. In this volunteer clinical cohort study, 177 pregnant women (ages 16-38) were recruited from two university-affiliated perinatal clinics located in a small metropolitan city between October 2017 and May 2018. Longitudinal data collection is ongoing. The current study includes the 101 women who participated through the eighth and most recent survey conducted in mid-April 2020. OLS regression analyses were used to examine the association between childhood adversity and pandemic-related distress. We found that ACE scores were associated with higher levels of distress (b = .08; se = .03; p < .01) when controlling for demographic characteristics. The addition of loneliness to the model fully mediates the association between ACEs score and distress. Findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences influence COVID-19-related distress due to greater social isolation. Those who had greater adversity during childhood may be less likely to have the social connectedness needed to reduce distress due to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M. Shreffler
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106 USA
| | - Christine N. Joachims
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106 USA
| | - Stacy Tiemeyer
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., Tulsa, OK 74106 USA
| | - W. Kyle Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - T. Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Jennifer Hays-Grudo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK USA
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Robles-Mariños R, Angeles AI, Alvarado GF. Factors Associated with Health Anxiety in Medical Students at a Private University in Lima, Peru. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 51:S0034-7450(20)30114-1. [PMID: 33735034 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few studies that examine the factors associated with the different levels of health anxiety in medical students. The objective was to determine the factors associated with the levels of health anxiety in medical students in 2018. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with 657 medical students from a private Peruvian university. Participants answered a questionnaire from which information was collected regarding levels of health anxiety (SHAI). For the analysis, linear regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted betas, and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The mean health anxiety score was 14±6.7. An association between health anxiety and the year of study is reported, with the second year showing the highest scores. In addition, an association between health anxiety and smoking is highlighted, as there are higher levels in occasional smokers, as well as a weak inverse correlation with age. No association was found with sex, place of birth, or having a first-degree relative that is a doctor or health worker. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that age, year of studies and smoking are associated with health anxiety levels. More studies are required, especially of a longitudinal nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Robles-Mariños
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Perú; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Perú.
| | - Andrea I Angeles
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Perú; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Perú
| | - Germán F Alvarado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Perú
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Li A, Toll M. Effects of graduating during economic downturns on mental health. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 55:41-49. [PMID: 33359536 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effects of economic downturns at the time of graduation on short-term and long-term mental health of graduates. METHODS Using a large longitudinal dataset whose respondents graduated from their highest level of education between 2001 and 2018 in Australia, the study investigated the effects of initial labor market conditions on psychological distress measures, quality-of-life mental health scales, and diagnoses of depression or anxiety since graduation. RESULTS Evidence suggests the presence of a scarring effect of graduating during a recession on the mental health of young adults, particularly significant and persistent for men. Higher unemployment rates at graduation were associated with increased risks of high psychological distress and diagnoses of depression or anxiety, and lower levels of social functioning and mental well-being among men lasting over a decade. The psychological effect was largely driven by young adults with vocational or secondary qualifications or receiving no government allowance at graduation. CONCLUSIONS Policies should consider the psychological effect of graduating during recessions and focus particularly on vulnerable groups who are susceptible to adverse labor market conditions, such as graduates who are in cyclically sensitive occupations and have less or no work benefits and social protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Health Economics Collaborative, Sydney Local health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mathew Toll
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; LCT Centre for Knowledge Building, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Vukojević J, Sušac J, Brečić P. Psychosis and pandemics: Is there a secret protector? Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113199. [PMID: 32544711 PMCID: PMC7280833 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakša Vukojević
- University psychiatric hospital Vrapče, Bolnička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sex differences on the relation between major depressive disorder and labor market outcomes: A national prospective study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 124:144-150. [PMID: 32155478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To ascertain the direction of causality and differences by sex between major depressive disorder (MDD) and labor market outcomes in the US population, we used structural equation models separately for males and females to assess prospectively the interdependency of depression and labor market outcomes at Waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Diagnosis of MDD used DSM-IV criteria. We found that MDD at Wave 1 predicted being out of the labor force for males at Wave 2 (p = 0.006) and being in the labor force at Wave 1 was associated with lower probability of MDD at Wave 2 (p = 0.049). Among males in the labor force, MDD at Wave 1 was negatively associated with employment at Wave 2 (p = 0.047), and employment at Wave 1 was negatively associated with MDD at Wave 2 (p < 0.001). For women, there was no association between MDD and labor force participation. However, among women in the labor force, MDD at Wave 1 was negatively associated with employment at Wave 2 (p = 0.013) and being employed at Wave 1 was negatively associated with MDD at Wave 2 (p < 0.0001). These results indicate that MDD and negative labor market outcomes are associated with one another at both time points, but the effects differ by sex. To reduce the economic and social burden of MDD, these differences should be considered in clinical practice, vocational rehabilitation, and in the design of social policies.
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Influencias psicosocioculturales sobre los síntomas psicopatológicos en comunidad abierta: desigualdades ecosistémicas. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2020.23.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Los problemas de salud mental en la población general tienden a estar relacionados con determinantes sociales que también influyen en la inequidad sanitaria. Sin embargo, estos determinantes suelen tenerse en cuenta solo en la población clínica y pasan inadvertidos en el ámbito comunitario. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el propósito del presente estudio fue identificar los factores psicosocioculturales que influyen en la presencia de los síntomas psicopatológicos en población abierta. Para esto, participaron 229 mujeres y hombres, adultos, mexicanos, a quienes se les aplicaron dos instrumentos de autorreporte para evaluar sus síntomas psicopatológicos, el SCL 90-R y el Cuestionario de Factores Asociados a la Salud. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre hombres y mujeres tanto en los síntomas como en los factores evaluados, en donde las mujeres resultaron ser las más desfavorecidas. Los modelos predictivos señalan que en las mujeres los factores que predicen la sintomatología son los pensamientos conflictivos, la violencia intrafamiliar, la falta de confianza en sus capacidades y la discriminación de género; mientras que en los hombres fueron la violencia intrafamiliar, la pobreza y un menor bienestar. Se concluye que los modelos psicosociales y ecosistémicos permiten comprender que los factores psicosocioculturales influyen sobre los síntomas incipientes de población comunitaria, con vías diferentes tanto para las mujeres como para los hombres. Con esto se demuestra que el contexto imprime un impacto diferencial en la salud mental.
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhuang D, Mao X, Mi G, Wang D, Du X, Yi Z, Shen X, Sui Y, Li H, Cao Y, Zhu Z, Hou Z, Li Q, Yuan Y. Health anxiety in medical employees: A multicentre study. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4854-4861. [PMID: 31638465 PMCID: PMC6997781 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519872310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore health anxiety (HA) in a sample of
hospital medical employees and to identify factors that influence HA. Methods A consecutively recruited sample of 1702 medical employees with or without HA
was obtained from 13 hospitals across China. Participants’ demographic and
clinical characteristics were collected using a standardized protocol and
data collection procedure. Subjects were divided into a HA and non-HA group
according to their scores on the Chinese version of the Short Health Anxiety
Inventory. Comparisons between groups were conducted and binary logistic
regression was used to identify risk factors of HA. Results Total HA prevalence was 30.14%. There were significant differences between
the HA and non-HA groups in number of working years, hospital category, sex,
marital status, family income, personality, physical disease and education
degree. Working in a specialist hospital, being female, being married, low
income, introversion, graduate education or above and presence of physical
disease were risk factors of HA. Conclusions HA is common in medical employees. More investigation of the long-term impact
of HA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Chen
- Jingjiang Second People's Hospital, Jingjiang, China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyun Zhuang
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guolin Mi
- The Mental Health Center of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Dijuan Wang
- Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- The Mental Health Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huajie Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurological Disease Changzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Zufu Zhu
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Guilin Social Welfare Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Economou M, Peppou LE, Souliotis K, Konstantakopoulos G, Papaslanis T, Kontoangelos K, Nikolaidi S, Stefanis N. An association of economic hardship with depression and suicidality in times of recession in Greece. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:172-179. [PMID: 30922607 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between objective and subjective measures of economic hardship on influencing mental health has not been explored during a period of enduring recession. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between income and economic difficulties in evoking major depression and suicidality in Greece, while taking into consideration gender differences. A random and representative sample of 2188 adults participated in a telephone survey in 2013 (response rate = 81%). Major depression and suicidality were assessed with the pertinent modules of SCID-IV; while financial difficulties were measured by the Index of Personal Economic Distress. Information on confounder variables was also gleaned. Income exerted an independent effect on major depression (OR = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.22-0.63), which was more pronounced among men than women. On the contrary, financial difficulties exerted a strong and independent effect on depression (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.13-1.2). Income was found to bear a strong association with suicidality only among men; whereas financial difficulties were unrelated in both genders. Subjective and objective indices of economic hardship exert a differential impact on mental health outcomes amid recession. Gender-sensitive policies and interventions should be geared towards softening the social effects of the recession in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Economou
- Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Lily E Peppou
- Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece
| | - George Konstantakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece; Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontoangelos
- Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikolaidi
- Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Stefanis
- Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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19
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Abstract
The full scope of the impact of The Great Recession on individuals' mental health has not been quantified to date. This study aimed to determine whether financial, job-related, and housing impacts experienced by individuals during the recession predicted changes in the occurrence of symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and problematic alcohol or other substance use. Longitudinal survey data (n = 2,530 to n = 3,293) were analyzed from the national Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study collected before (2003-2004) and after (2012-2013) The Great Recession. The population-level trend was towards improvements in mental health over time. However, for individuals each recession impact experienced was associated with long-lasting and transdiagnostic declines in mental health. These relationships were stronger for some sociodemographic groups, suggesting the need for additional support for people who suffer marked losses during recessions and for those without a strong safety net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam K Forbes
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA, 55454 Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Australia, 2109
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, USA, 55455
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20
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Arias-de la Torre J, Molina AJ, Fernández-Villa T, Artazcoz L, Martín V. Mental health, family roles and employment status inside and outside the household in Spain. GACETA SANITARIA 2019; 33:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bubonya M, Cobb-Clark DA, Christensen D, Johnson SE, Zubrick SR. The Great Recession and Children's Mental Health in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040537. [PMID: 30781815 PMCID: PMC6406973 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of “shocks” to community-level unemployment expectations, induced by the onset of the Great Recession, on children’s mental well-being. The Australian experience of the Great Recession represents a unique case study as despite little change in actual unemployment rates, levels of economic uncertainty grew. This affords us the ability to examine the effects of shocks to economic expectations independent of any actual changes to economic conditions. We draw on and link data from multiple sources, including several waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (2004–2010), a consumer sentiment survey, and data on local economic conditions. Using our purpose-built data set, we estimate difference-in-differences models to identify plausibly causal effects. We find, for boys, there is no detectable effect of community-level unemployment expectations shocks on mental health. For girls, however, there are modest increases in mental health problems and externalizing behaviors, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We additionally find no discernible change in mother’s psychological distress as a result of expectations shocks. These results are stable after controlling for actual labor market conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Bubonya
- School of Economics, Level 5, Social Sciences Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Families and Children over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Level 2, Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroophilly, QLD 4068, Australia.
| | - Deborah A Cobb-Clark
- School of Economics, Level 5, Social Sciences Building, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Families and Children over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Level 2, Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroophilly, QLD 4068, Australia.
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5-9, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniel Christensen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Families and Children over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Level 2, Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroophilly, QLD 4068, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Stephen R Zubrick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Families and Children over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Level 2, Cycad Building (1018), 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroophilly, QLD 4068, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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22
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Yotsidi V, Bohtsou V, Kroupi K, Pouloudi M, Fragkouli A. What Makes the Difference? Community Mental Health Providers’ and Users’ Perceptions on Dealing with the Crisis in Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40737-018-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Bernstein K, Park SY, Nokes KM. Resilience and Depressive Symptoms among Korean Americans with History of Traumatic Life Experience. Community Ment Health J 2017; 53:793-801. [PMID: 28466238 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-017-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates socio-demographic characteristics and resilience and depressive symptoms among Korean Americans (KAs) with traumatic life experiences. Community-residing 285 KAs living in New York City and Teaneck, New Jersey completed questionnaires measuring traumatic life experiences, depressive symptoms, and resilience. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and two-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. 54% of KAs with traumatic life experiences reported at least mild depressive symptoms; greater resilience was associated with fewer such symptoms. English proficiency, length of time in US, marital status, and employment were significant predictors for depressive symptoms in the first step of multiple regression, but when resilience was introduced in the second step, it was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that resilience should be supported to promote positive mental health outcomes for traumatized KAs who are depressed, and that resilience-focused interventions for this population should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunsook Bernstein
- Hunter College of City, University of New York (CUNY), 425 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - So-Young Park
- New York University, Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kathleen M Nokes
- Hunter College and Graduate Center, CUNY, 425 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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24
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Schneider W, Waldfogel J, Brooks-Gunn J. The Great Recession and risk for child abuse and neglect. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2017; 72:71-81. [PMID: 28461713 PMCID: PMC5408954 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the association between the Great Recession and four measures of the risk for maternal child abuse and neglect: (1) maternal physical aggression; (2) maternal psychological aggression; (3) physical neglect by mothers; and (4) supervisory/exposure neglect by mothers. It draws on rich longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study of families in 20 U.S. cities (N = 3,177; 50% African American, 25% Hispanic; 22% non-Hispanic white; 3% other). The study collected information for the 9-year follow-up survey before, during, and after the Great Recession (2007-2010). Interview dates were linked to two macroeconomic measures of the Great Recession: the national Consumer Sentiment Index and the local unemployment rate. Also included are a wide range of socio-demographic controls, as well as city fixed effects and controls for prior parenting. Results indicate that the Great Recession was associated with increased risk of child abuse but decreased risk of child neglect. Households with social fathers present may have been particularly adversely affected. Results also indicate that economic uncertainty during the Great Recession, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Index and the unemployment rate, had direct effects on the risk of abuse or neglect, which were not mediated by individual-level measures of economic hardship or poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Waldfogel
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027;
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th St. * New York, NY 10027,
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25
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Romo ML, Abril-Ulloa V, Kelvin EA. The relationship between hunger and mental health outcomes among school-going Ecuadorian adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:827-37. [PMID: 27083901 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health and food insecurity are major public health issues among adolescents in Ecuador. Our objective was to determine the relationship between hunger, symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among school-going Ecuadorian adolescents. METHODS We conducted crude and multivariable logistic regression models using data from the 2007 Global School-based Student Health Survey from Quito, Guayaquil, and Zamora, Ecuador (N = 5524). Hunger was defined as having gone hungry in the past 30 days due to lack of food in the home. Outcomes of interest were symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation with or without planning in the past year. RESULTS Overall, 41.2 % (2200/5467) of students reported experiencing hunger. In multivariable logistic regression models, hunger had an increasing exposure-response relationship with symptoms of depression [sometimes hungry odds ratio (OR) 1.80, P = 0.0001; most of the time or always hungry OR 2.01, P < 0.0001] and suicidal ideation with planning (sometimes hungry OR 1.55, P = 0.04; most of the time or always hungry OR 2.63, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Hunger was associated with increased odds of symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation with planning. Strategies to improve mental health among adolescents in Ecuador should consider the potential contribution of hunger and food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Romo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, School of Urban Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA.,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Victoria Abril-Ulloa
- Dirección de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, School of Urban Public Health at Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA. .,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. .,Doctor of Public Health Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Karanikolos M, Heino P, McKee M, Stuckler D, Legido-Quigley H. Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on Health in High-Income Oecd Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2016; 46:208-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0020731416637160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence documents how economic crises impact aspects of health across countries and over time. We performed a systematic narrative review of the health effects of the latest economic crisis based on studies of high-income countries. Papers published between January 2009 and July 2015 were selected based on review of titles and abstracts, followed by a full text review conducted by two independent reviewers. Ultimately, 122 studies were selected and their findings summarized. The review finds that the 2008 financial crisis had negative effects on mental health, including suicide, and to a varying extent on some non-communicable and communicable diseases and access to care. Although unhealthy behaviors such as hazardous drinking and tobacco use appeared to decline during the crisis, there have been increases in some groups, typically those already at greatest risk. The health impact was greatest in countries that suffered the largest economic impact of the crisis or prolonged austerity. The Great Recessions in high-income countries have had mixed impacts on health. They tend to be worse when economic impacts are more severe, prolonged austerity measures are implemented, and there are pre-existing problems of substance use among vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Karanikolos
- Europe an Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Heino
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin McKee
- Europe an Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Stuckler
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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27
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Margerison-Zilko C, Goldman-Mellor S, Falconi A, Downing J. Health Impacts of the Great Recession: A Critical Review. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2016; 3:81-91. [PMID: 27239427 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-016-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The severity, sudden onset, and multipronged nature of the Great Recession (2007-2009) provided a unique opportunity to examine the health impacts of macroeconomic downturn. We comprehensively review empirical literature examining the relationship between the Recession and mental and physical health outcomes in developed nations. Overall, studies reported detrimental impacts of the Recession on health, particularly mental health. Macro- and individual-level employment- and housing-related sequelae of the Recession were associated with declining fertility and self-rated health, and increasing morbidity, psychological distress, and suicide, although traffic fatalities and population-level alcohol consumption declined. Health impacts were stronger among men and racial/ethnic minorities. Importantly, strong social safety nets in some European countries appear to have buffered those populations from negative health effects. This literature, however, still faces multiple methodological challenges, and more time may be needed to observe the Recession's full health impact. We conclude with suggestions for future work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Margerison-Zilko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Rd., Rm 601, East Lansing, MI 48824, Ph: 517-353-8623
| | - Sidra Goldman-Mellor
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95342, Ph: (209) 228-2498
| | - April Falconi
- General Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, Ph: (703) 328-4851
| | - Janelle Downing
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 545 University Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, Ph: (510) 643-8571
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