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Mallick D, Acharjee A, Acharjee P, Trigun SK. Restoration of hippocampal adult neurogenesis by CDRI-08 (Bacopa monnieri extract) relates with the recovery of BDNF-TrkB levels in male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:510-519. [PMID: 38795011 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of in vivo adult neurogenesis (AN) is an evolving concept in managing neurodegenerative diseases. CDRI-08, a bacoside-enriched fraction of Bacopa monnieri, has been demonstrated for its neuroprotective actions, but its effect on AN remains unexplored. This article describes the status of AN by monitoring neuronal stem cells (NSCs) proliferation, differentiation/maturation markers and BDNF-TrkB levels (NSCs signalling players) vs. the level of neurodegeneration and their modulations by CDRI-08 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male rats with moderate grade hepatic encephalopathy (MoHE). For NSC proliferation, 10 mg/kg b.w. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered i.p. during the last 3 days, and for the NSC differentiation study, it was given during the first 3 days to the control, the MoHE (developed by 100 mg/kg b.w. of thioacetamide i.p. up to 10 days) and to the MoHE male rats co-treated with 350 mg/kg b.w. CDRI-08. Compared with the control rats, the hippocampus DG region of MoHE rats showed significant decreases in the number of Nestin+/BrdU+ and SOX2+/BrdU+ (proliferating) and DCX+/BrdU+ and NeuN+/BrdU+ (differentiating) NSCs. This was consistent with a similar decline in BDNF+/TrkB+ NSCs. However, all these NSC marker positive cells were observed to be recovered to their control levels, with a concordant restoration of total cell numbers in the DG of the CDRI-08-treated MoHE rats. The findings suggest that the restoration of hippocampal AN by CDRI-08 is consistent with the recovery of BDNF-TrkB-expressing NSCs in the MoHE rat model of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmit Mallick
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Singh NAK, Prasad S. Ellagic Acid Reverses Alterations in the Expression of AMPA Receptor and Its Scaffolding Proteins in the Cerebral Cortex and Memory Decline in STZ-sporadic Alzheimer' s Disease Mouse Model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:2117-2131. [PMID: 38842699 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent devastating neuropsychiatric disorder, is a leading cause of learning, memory and intellectual disabilities. Current therapeutic approaches for the amelioration of the anomalies of AD are not effective. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the molecular mechanisms underlying sporadic AD (sAD), the memory related behavioral analysis and neuroprotective effects of Ellagic acid (EA) were investigated. METHOD sAD mouse model was developed by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Streptozotocin (STZ). The efficacy of EA, a naturally occurring polyphenol, in amelioration of anomalies associated with sAD was assessed. EA was administered once daily for 28 days at a dose of 75 mg/kg body weight followed by neurobehavioral, biochemical, molecular and neuronal count analysis to delineate the mode of action of EA. RESULT The ICV injection of STZ in mice significantly increased the expression of AD biomarkers in addition to enhanced oxidative stress. A decline in the discrimination index in Novel Object Recognition Test was observed indicating the compromise of recognition memory in AD. Studies on the expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity reveal the dysregulation of the α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) of the glutamate and its scaffolding proteins in the postsynaptic density and thereby synaptic plasticity in AD. ICV-STZ led to significant upregulation of apoptotic markers which led to decrease in neuronal density of the cerebral cortex. EA significantly reversed the above and improved anomalies of sAD. CONCLUSION EA was observed to profoundly modulate the genes involved in AD pathophysiology, restored antioxidant enzymes activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and neuronal loss in the sAD brain. Further, EA was observed to effectively modulate the genes involved in apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, EA possesses promising anti-AD properties, which may improve AD-associated anomalies by modulating synaptic plasticity via AMPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Anand K Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 211005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 211005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Gupta V, Prasad S. Differential Alterations in the Expression of AMPA Receptor and Its Trafficking Proteins in the Hippocampus Are Associated with Recognition Memory Impairment in the Rotenone-Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model: Neuroprotective Role of Bacopa monnieri Extract CDRI 08. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04392-1. [PMID: 39073529 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), an age-associated neurodegenerative motor disorder, is associated with dementia and cognitive decline. However, the precise molecular insight into PD-induced cognitive decline is not fully understood. Here, we have investigated the possible alterations in the expression of glutamate receptor and its trafficking/scaffolding/regulatory proteins underlying the memory formation and neuroprotective effects of a specialized Bacopa monnieri extract, CDRI-08 (BME) in the hippocampus of the rotenone-induced PD mouse model. Our Western blotting and qRT-PCR data reveal that the PD-induced recognition memory decline is associated with significant upregulation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and downregulation of GluR2 subunit genes in the hippocampus of rotenone-affected mice as compared to the vehicle control. Further, expressions of the trafficking proteins are significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of rotenone-affected mice compared to the vehicle control. Our results also reveal that the above alterations in the hippocampus are associated with similar expression patterns of total CREB, pCREB, and BDNF. BME (CDRI-08, 200 mg/kg BW) reverses the expression of AMPA receptor subunits, their trafficking proteins differentially, and the transcriptional modulatory proteins depending on whether the BME treatment was given before or after the rotenone treatment. Our data suggest that expression of the above genes is significantly reversed in the BME pre-treated mice subjected to rotenone treatment towards their levels in the control mice compared to its treatment after rotenone administration. Our results provide the possible molecular basis underlying the rotenone-induced recognition memory decline, conditions mimicking the PD symptoms in mouse model and neuroprotective action of bacoside A and bacoside B (58%)-enriched Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Gupta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - S Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Valotto Neto LJ, Reverete de Araujo M, Moretti Junior RC, Mendes Machado N, Joshi RK, dos Santos Buglio D, Barbalho Lamas C, Direito R, Fornari Laurindo L, Tanaka M, Barbalho SM. Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38671841 PMCID: PMC11047749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population has increased the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions. Bacopa monnieri (BM), an herb with active compounds, such as bacosides A and B, betulinic acid, loliolide, asiatic acid, and quercetin, demonstrates the potential for brain health. Limited research has been conducted on the therapeutic applications of BM in neurodegenerative conditions. This systematic review aims to project BM's beneficial role in brain disorders. BM has anti-apoptotic and antioxidant actions and can repair damaged neurons, stimulate kinase activity, restore synaptic function, improve nerve transmission, and increase neuroprotection. The included twenty-two clinical trials demonstrated that BM can reduce Nuclear Factor-κB phosphorylation, improve emotional function, cognitive functions, anhedonia, hyperactivity, sleep routine, depression, attention deficit, learning problems, memory retention, impulsivity, and psychiatric problems. Moreover, BM can reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress. Here, we highlight that BM provides notable therapeutic benefits and can serve as a complementary approach for the care of patients with neurodegenerative conditions associated with brain disorders. This review adds to the growing interest in natural products and their potential therapeutic applications by improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive function and neurodegeneration and informing the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz José Valotto Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Matheus Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Renato Cesar Moretti Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Nathalia Mendes Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Joshi
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Daiane dos Santos Buglio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Caroline Barbalho Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical School of Marilia (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
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Ahmed ZR, Uddin Z, Shah SWA, Zahoor M, Alotaibi A, Shoaib M, Ghias M, Bari WU. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. extracts using in vitro and in vivo approaches. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, Chenopodium murale Linn. extracts have been evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and in vivo neuropharmacological properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment in rat model. First, the plant was subjected to extraction and fractionation, then quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed to estimate the major phytochemical groups in the extract where high amounts of phenolics and saponins were detected in crude and chloroform extract. The highest total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and total tannin content were also recorded in crude extract and chloroform fraction. The in vitro antioxidant potential of chloroform fraction was high with IC50 value of 41.78 and 67.33 μg/mL against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively, followed by ethyl acetate fraction. The chloroform fraction (ChMu-Chf) also exhibited potent activity against glucosidase with IC50 of 89.72 ± 0.88 μg/mL followed by ethyl acetate extract (ChMu-Et; IC50 of 140.20 ± 0.98 μg/mL). ChMu-Chf again exhibited potent activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 of 68.91 ± 0.87 μg/mL followed by ChMu-Et with IC50 of 78.57 ± 0.95 μg/mL. In vivo memory impairment was assessed using the novel object discrimination task, Y-maze, and passive avoidance task. Ex vivo antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers like catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and glutathione were quantified, and the AChE activity was also determined in the rat brain. No significant differences were observed amongst all the groups treated with crude, chloroform, and ethyl acetate in comparison with positive control donepezil group in connection to initial latency; whereas, the STZ diabetic group displayed a significant fall in recall and retention capability. The blood glucose level was more potently lowered by chloroform extract. The crude extract also increased the SOD level significantly in the brain of the treated rat by 8.01 ± 0.51 and 8.19 ± 0.39 units/mg at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.01, n = 6), whereas the chloroform extract increased the SOD level to 9.41 ± 0.40 and 9.72 ± 0.51 units/mg, respectively, at 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight as compared to STZ group. The acetylcholine level was also elevated to greater extent by chloroform fraction that might contain a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Treatment with C. murale ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral study, and provided significant defense from neuronal oxidative stress in the brain of the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Thus C. murale Linn. could be an inspiring plant resource that needs to be further investigated for isolation of potential compounds in pure form and their evaluation as a potent neuropharmacological drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Rasheed Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh 11564 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower) , Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ul Bari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chitral, Seenlasht 17200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Elkady WM, Khan I, Alsaffar RM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972379. [PMID: 36061899 PMCID: PMC9436272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Abhishek M, Rubal S, Rohit K, Rupa J, Phulen S, Gurjeet K, Raj SA, Manisha P, Alka B, Ramprasad P, Bikash M. Neuroprotective effect of the standardised extract of Bacopa monnieri (BacoMind) in valproic acid model of autism spectrum disorder in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115199. [PMID: 35346813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bacopa monnieri (BM) is commonly employed in the Indian traditional system of medicines, i.e. Ayurveda as a memory booster, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and anti-epileptic for decades. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Bacopa monnieri (BM) in experimental model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Wistar rats and explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS BacoMind, was evaluated for its neuroprotective effect in valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD. For in-vivo study, the pregnant female Wistar rats were divided in two groups; normal control (NC) and VPA group who received single dose of normal saline (0.9%) or 600 mg/kg dose of VPA respectively on gestation day (G.D) 12.5. After the birth, all pups were segregated according to the sex. All the male pups from the dams were divided into six groups: Group 1 (NC, treated with only 0.9% normal saline, group 2 (VPA, treated 600 mg/kg on G.D12.5 and normal saline from post natal day (PND) 23 to 43), group 3 (risperidone 2.5 mg/kg, PND 23 to 43) and groups 4, 5 and 6 (BM 20, 40, 80 mg/kg, PND 23 to 43). All experimental groups were subjected to batteries of behavior parameters (three chamber sociability test, Morris Water Maze, elevated plus maze, open field and rota rod test), biochemical parameters such as oxidative stress (GSH, SOD, Catalase, MDA), inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), histopathological examination (cresyl violet staining) of hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions. Further, the mRNA as well as protein expression of AMPA receptor was evaluated using RT-PCR and western blot respectively to study the mechanism of neuroprotective effect of BM. The in-silico analysis followed evaluating the binding profile of different constituents of BacoMind with AMPA receptor. RESULTS The results of the in-vivo study indicated BM at 80 mg/kg ameliorated abnormal behavioral paradigms such as social deficits, repetitive behavior, learning and memory impairments, and motor coordination exhibited by the VPA model of ASD in rats. Furthermore, BM was found to have a significant anti-oxidant (increasing GSH, SOD, and catalase and decreasing MDA levels) and anti-inflammatory properties (decreasing IL-1β, 6, TNF- α). The histopathological score was also found to be significantly improved by BM in a dose dependent manner in both HC and PFC. In addition to this, the up-regulated mRNA as well as protein expression of AMPA receptor was significantly reduced by 80 mg/kg dose of BM in both HC and PFC. Further, the in-silico analysis of different constituents of BacoMind with AMPA receptor demonstrated that luteolin and apigenin showed good binding to both the competitive antagonist binding site, non-competitive antagonist binding site and allosteric modulator site while Bacosaponin C showed good binding to the non-competitive antagonist binding site. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that BM can be a potential candidate for ameliorating the ASD symptoms in rats and acts via modulating the up-regulated AMPA receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishra Abhishek
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Singla Rubal
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Kumar Rohit
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Joshi Rupa
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sarma Phulen
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Kaur Gurjeet
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sharma Amit Raj
- Dept. of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Prajapat Manisha
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bhatia Alka
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Medhi Bikash
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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Castro CC, Souza Pagnussat A, Munhoz CD, Netto CA. Coumestrol pre‐treatment improves spatial learning and memory deficits following transient cerebral ischemia recruiting hippocampal
GluR2 AMPA
receptors. Hippocampus 2022; 32:413-418. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Canal Castro
- Department of Biochemistry Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Souza Pagnussat
- Department of Physiotherapy Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Department of Biochemistry Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Banerjee S, Anand U, Ghosh S, Ray D, Ray P, Nandy S, Deshmukh GD, Tripathi V, Dey A. Bacosides from Bacopa monnieri extract: An overview of the effects on neurological disorders. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5668-5679. [PMID: 34254371 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From ancient history, complementary and alternative medicines have played a significant role as holistic therapeutic treatments of various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, and skin problems. One Indian medicinal plant (herb), Bacopa monnieri has been used in many parts of the world as such medicine, particularly for the treatment of various neurological disorders. It is well known as a potent "tonic for the human brain," which serves as a memory enhancer. Multiple studies proved that this herb contains a plethora of potential bioactive, phytochemical compounds with synergistic properties. The main purpose of the present review is to shed light on the use of Bacopa monnieri and its active principles (bacosides) in the management of neurological disorders. Furthermore, the signaling pathways modulated by bacosides have been critically discussed in this review. Moreover, we have critically summarized the present knowledge of this perennial creeping herb based upon the literature mining from different scientific engines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Suchhanda Ghosh
- Department of Botany, Shri Shikshayatan College, Kolkata, India
| | - Durga Ray
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Puja Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ganpat Dewaji Deshmukh
- Department of Zoology, Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Arts & Science College, Nagbhid, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri-A review of experimental evidence. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2653-2668. [PMID: 33675463 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brahmi or aindri is a popular herb in the vast and rich compendium of herbs of Ayurveda and is botanically identified as Bacopa monnieri Linn. (BM). It is extensively used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine in the management of neurological psychiatric disorders. BM possess active principles belonging to alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins categories. Numerous research have been undertaken across the globe to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of this herb. This review collates and summarises current (as on May 2020) published literature on Brahmi as a neuroprotective in neurological and psychiatric disorders. English language articles from databases PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar were searched using appropriate free keywords and MeSH terms related to the topic. The review demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of the Ayurveda herb Brahmi in several disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, cerebral ischemia and infarct and neoplasms.
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Alausa A, Ogundepo S, Olaleke B, Adeyemi R, Olatinwo M, Ismail A. Chinese nutraceuticals and physical activity; their role in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Chin Med 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33407732 PMCID: PMC7789572 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of neurodegenerative disease has not only been a major cause of scientific worry, but of economic burden to the health system. This condition has been further attributed to mis-stability, deletion or mutation of tau protein, causing the onset of Corticobasal degeneration, Pick's diseases, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Argyrophilic grains disease, Alzheimer's diseases etc. as scientifically renowned. This is mainly related to dysregulation of translational machinery, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibition of several essential cascades such as ERK signaling cascade, GSK3β, CREB, and PKA/PKB (Akt) signaling cascades that enhances protein processing, normal protein folding, cognitive function, and microtubule associated tau stability. Administration of some nutrients and/or bioactive compounds has a high tendency to impede tau mediated inflammation at neuronal level. Furthermore, prevention and neutralization of protein misfolding through modulation of microtubule tau stability and prevention of protein misfolding is by virtue few of the numerous beneficial effects of physical activity. Of utmost important in this study is the exploration of promising bioactivities of nutraceuticals found in china and the ameliorating potential of physical activity on tauopathies, while highlighting animal and in vitro studies that have been investigated for comprehensive understanding of its potential and an insight into the effects on human highly probable to tau mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Alausa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Ogundepo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Barakat Olaleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Rofiat Adeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - Mercy Olatinwo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Aminat Ismail
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria
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Mehla J, Gupta P, Pahuja M, Diwan D, Diksha D. Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer's Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E964. [PMID: 33321899 PMCID: PMC7764187 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, associated with ageing, stress, hypertension and various neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, is a major health issue. The present review focuses on Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it is the most important cause of cognitive impairment. It is characterized by progressive memory loss, language deficits, depression, agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. Although the hallmarks of AD are cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formation, it is also associated with derangement of other neurotransmitters, elevated levels of advanced glycation end products, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, genetic and environmental factors. On one hand, this complex etiopathology makes a response to commonly used drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine less predictable and often unsatisfactory. On the other hand, it supports the use of herbal medicines due to their nonspecific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and specific cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The popularity of herbal medicines is also increasing due to their perceived effectiveness, safety and affordability. In the present article, the experimental and clinical evidence have been reviewed for various Indian herbal medicines such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Clitoria ternatea, Withania somnifera, Celastrus paniculatus, Evolvulus alsinoides, Desmodium gangeticum, Eclipta alba, Moringa oleifera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which have shown potential in cognitive impairment. Some commonly available herbal formulations for memory impairment in India have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Monika Pahuja
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Diksha Diksha
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
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RAGE signaling is required for AMPA receptor dysfunction in the hippocampus of hyperglycemic mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113255. [PMID: 33221393 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes in humans has been associated for a long time with cognitive dysfunction. In rodent animal models, cognitive dysfunction can manifest as impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Particular attention has been concentrated on the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which is implicated in multiple diabetic complications involving the development of vascular and peripheral nerve abnormalities. In this study, we hypothesize that RAGE signaling alters glutamate receptor function and expression, impairing synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Using preparations of hippocampal slices from male mice, we show a RAGE-dependent decrease in long-term potentiation (LTP) and an increase in paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Consistently, in hippocampal cultures from male and female neonatal mice, high glucose caused a RAGE-dependent reduction of AMPA- but not NMDA-evoked currents, and an increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistently, when cultures were co-treated with high glucose and the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, AMPA-evoked currents were unchanged. Hippocampi from STZ-induced hyperglycemic wild type (WT) mice showed increased RAGE expression concomitant with a decrease of both expression and phosphorylation (Ser 831 and 845) of the AMPA GluA1 subunit. We found these changes correlated to activation of the MAPK pathway, consistent with decreased pJNK/JNK ratio and the JNK kinase, pMEK7. As no changes in expression or phosphorylation of regulatory proteins were observed in hippocampi from STZ-induced hyperglycemic RAGE-KO mice, we report a RAGE-dependent impairment in the hippocampi of hyperglycemic WT mice, with reduced AMPA receptor expression/function and LTP deficits.
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Bhandari P, Sendri N, Devidas SB. Dammarane triterpenoid glycosides in Bacopa monnieri: A review on chemical diversity and bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112276. [PMID: 32058865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) is a reputed medicinal herb in traditional system of medicine of India, where it is used as nervine tonic to sharpen intellect and memory. This review discusses chemical characterization of dammarane triterpenoid glycosides which are well accepted for improvement in memory and for potential pharmacological activities. In addition, this review provides information on the chemical composition of specialized metabolites of B. monnieri and in the formulations by different analytical techniques. This comprehensive review covers literature up to 2019 with an emphasis on structural characterization of dammarane triterpenoid glycosides by spectroscopic techniques, chemical composition by analytical methods and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamita Bhandari
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | - Nitisha Sendri
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Shinde Bhagatsing Devidas
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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15
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Krishna G, Hosamani R, Muralidhara. Bacopa monnieri Supplements Offset Paraquat-Induced Behavioral Phenotype and Brain Oxidative Pathways in Mice. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:57-66. [PMID: 30644349 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190115125900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by alterations in cerebellum and basal ganglia functioning with corresponding motor deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Involvement of oxidative dysfunction has been implicated for the progression of PD, and environmental neurotoxin exposure could influence such behavior and psychiatric pathology. Assessing dietary supplementation strategies with naturally occurring phytochemicals to reduce behavioral anomalies associated with neurotoxin exposure would have major clinical importance. The present investigation assessed the influence of Bacopa monneri (BM) on behaviors considered to reflect anxiety-like state and motor function as well as selected biochemical changes in brain regions of mice chronically exposed to ecologically relevant herbicide, paraquat (PQ). MATERIALS & METHODS Male mice (4-week old, Swiss) were daily provided with oral supplements of standardized BM extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day; 3 weeks) and PQ (10 mg/kg, i.p. three times a week; 3 weeks). RESULTS We found that BM supplementation significantly reversed the PQ-induced reduction of exploratory behavior, gait abnormalities (stride length and mismatch of paw placement) and motor impairment (rotarod performance). In a separate study, BM administration prevented the reduction in dopamine levels and reversed cholinergic activity in brain regions important for motor (striatum) pathology. Further, in mitochondria, PQ-induced decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and energy charge (MTT reduction), was restored with BM supplementation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that BM supplementation mitigates paraquat-induced behavioral deficits and brain oxidative stress in mice. However, further investigations would enable us to identify specific molecular mechanism by which BM influences behavioural pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Krishna
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravikumar Hosamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhara
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): An ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108153. [PMID: 31622587 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ayurveda is the medicinal science, dealing with utilization of naturally available plant products for treatment. A wide variety of neuroprotective herbs have been reported in Ayurveda. Brahmi, Bacopa monnieri is a nootropic ayurvedic herb known to be effective in neurological disorders from ancient times. Numerous approaches including natural and synthetic compounds have been applied against Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid-β and Tau are the hallmarks proteins of several neuronal dysfunctions resulting in Alzheimer's disease. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein known to be involved in progression of Alzheimer's disease. The generation of reaction oxygen species, increased neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity are the major physiological dysfunctions associated with Tau aggregates, which leads to dementia and behavioural deficits. Bacoside A, Bacoside B, Bacosaponins, Betulinic acid, etc; are the bioactive component of Brahmi belonging to various chemical families. Each chemical component known have its significant role in neuroprotection. The neuroprotective properties of Brahmi and its bioactive components including reduction of ROS, neuroinflammation, aggregation inhibition of Amyloid-β and improvement of cognitive and learning behaviour. Here on basis of earlier studies we hypothesize the inhibitory role of Brahmi against Tau-mediated toxicity. The overall studies have concluded that Brahmi can be used as a lead formulation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008, Pune, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008, Pune, India.
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Sekhar VC, Viswanathan G, Baby S. Insights Into the Molecular Aspects of Neuroprotective Bacoside A and Bacopaside I. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:438-446. [PMID: 29676230 PMCID: PMC6520587 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri, commonly known as Brahmi, has been extensively used as a neuromedicine for various disorders such as anxiety, depression and memory loss. Chemical characterization studies revealed the major active constituents of the herb as the triterpenoid saponins, bacosides. Bacoside A, the vital neuroprotective constituent, is composed of four constituents viz., bacoside A3, bacopaside II, jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C (bacopaside X) and bacopasaponin C. B. monnieri extracts as well as bacosides successfully establish a healthy antioxidant environment in various tissues especially in the liver and brain. Free radical scavenging, suppression of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes by bacosides help to attain a physiological state of minimized oxidative stress. The molecular basis of neuroprotective activity of bacosides is attributed to the regulation of mRNA translation and surface expression of neuroreceptors such as AMPAR, NMDAR and GABAR in the various parts of the brain. Bioavailability as well as binding of neuroprotective agents (such as bacosides) to these receptors is controlled by the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). However, nano conversion of these drug candidates easily resolves the BBB restriction and carries a promising role in future therapies. This review summarizes the neuroprotective functions of B. monnieri extracts as well as its active compounds (bacoside A, bacopaside I) and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini C Sekhar
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Kodumuri PK, Thomas C, Jetti R, Pandey AK. Fenugreek seed extract ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0140. [PMID: 31326961 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural medicinal plants have been the focus of current research for developing neuroprotective agents to be used in the diabetes-linked cognitive dysfunction. Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds (known as fenugreek, methi in Hindi), is a well-known traditional medicinal herb and possesses anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Purpose This study was undertaken to explore the ameliorative effects of T. foenum-graecum seed extract on diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Methods Experimental diabetes was induced by administering a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal dose. Cognitive function was assessed using a T-maze and the Morris water maze. Lipid peroxidation levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus was measured. Quantification of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was done using cresyl violet stain. Results Diabetic rats demonstrated learning and memory impairment, which was evident from poor performance in behavioral tasks, i.e. T-maze and Morris water maze tasks. Learning and memory impairment in diabetic animals is associated with increased blood glucose levels, increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus and decreased number of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The diabetic rats administered with T. foenum-graecum showed improved performance in behavioral tasks, and these changes were associated with decreased blood glucose levels, decreased oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and decreased neuronal loss from the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Conclusion In conclusion, administration of T. foenum-graecum seed extract ameliorates diabetes-linked cognitive dysfunction in rats by decreasing blood glucose levels, reducing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and preventing neuronal loss from the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Kodumuri
- Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Physiology, Old Assembly Complex,Naharlagun, India.,Department of Physiology, Varun Arjun Medical College and Rohilkand Hospital, Banthra, Shahjahanpur (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Christofer Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghu Jetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- ESIC Medical College, Physiology, Faridabad, India.,Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Phone: + 91-7042918222
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Review of the Effect of Natural Compounds and Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102533. [PMID: 31126031 PMCID: PMC6566911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a high prevalence in the Western population. It is characterized by pancreas failure to produce insulin, which involves high blood glucose levels. The two main forms of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which correspond with >85% of the cases. Diabetes shows several associated alterations including vascular dysfunction, neuropathies as well as central complications. Brain alterations in diabetes are widely studied; however, the mechanisms implicated have not been completely elucidated. Diabetic brain shows a wide profile of micro and macrostructural changes, such as neurovascular deterioration or neuroinflammation leading to neurodegeneration and progressive cognition dysfunction. Natural compounds (single isolated compounds and/or natural extracts) have been widely assessed in metabolic disorders and many of them have also shown antioxidant, antiinflamatory and neuroprotective properties at central level. This work reviews natural compounds with brain neuroprotective activities, taking into account several therapeutic targets: Inflammation and oxidative stress, vascular damage, neuronal loss or cognitive impairment. Altogether, a wide range of natural extracts and compounds contribute to limit neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction under diabetic state. Therefore, they could broaden therapeutic alternatives to reduce or slow down complications associated with diabetes at central level.
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Bacopa monnieri extract improves novel object recognition, cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in the dentate gyrus. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:239-247. [PMID: 30671111 PMCID: PMC6333610 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal plant with a long history of use in Ayurveda, especially in the treatment of poor memory and cognitive deficits. In the present study, we hypothesized that Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) can improve memory via increased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. BME was administered to 7-week-old mice once a day for 4 weeks and a novel object recognition memory test was performed. Thereafter, the mice were euthanized followed by immunohistochemistry analysis for Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and western blot analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BME-treated mice showed moderate increases in the exploration of new objects when compared with that of familiar objects, leading to a significant higher discrimination index compared with vehicle-treated mice. Ki67 and DCX immunohistochemistry showed a facilitation of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation following the administration of BME in the dentate gyrus. In addition, administration of BME significantly elevated the BDNF protein expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and increased CREB phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus. These data suggest that BME improves novel object recognition by increasing the cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus, and this may be closely related to elevated levels of BDNF and CREB phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus.
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Black S, Kraemer K, Shah A, Simpson G, Scogin F, Smith A. Diabetes, Depression, and Cognition: a Recursive Cycle of Cognitive Dysfunction and Glycemic Dysregulation. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:118. [PMID: 30267224 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to examine the effects of diabetes and depression on executive functioning (EF) and to review the effects of EF deficits on diabetes management. RECENT FINDINGS Both type 2 diabetes and depression influence EF, and in turn, EF has an impact on diabetes management. Individuals with both comorbidities (i.e., diabetes and depression) experience greater deficits in EF than individuals with just one of the morbidities (i.e., depression or diabetes). The disruption in EF results in poor diabetes management and poor emotion regulation which ultimately increases the probability of a recursive cycle of depression and hyperglycemia. This recursive cycle can ultimately lead to diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Black
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Kyle Kraemer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Avani Shah
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Box 870314, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Gaynell Simpson
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Box 870314, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Forrest Scogin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Annie Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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Aung HM, Huangteerakul C, Panvongsa W, Jensen AN, Chairoungdua A, Sukrong S, Jensen LT. Interrogation of ethnomedicinal plants for synthetic lethality effects in combination with deficiency in the DNA repair endonuclease RAD1 using a yeast cell-based assay. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:10-21. [PMID: 29777901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant materials used in this study were selected based on the ethnobotanical literature. Plants have either been utilized by Thai practitioners as alternative treatments for cancer or identified to exhibit anti-cancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To screen ethnomedicinal plants using a yeast cell-based assay for synthetic lethal interactions with cells deleted for RAD1, the yeast homologue of human ERCC4 (XPF) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethanolic extracts from thirty-two species of medicinal plants utilized in Thai traditional medicine were screened for synthetic lethal/sick interactions using a yeast cell-based assay. Cell growth was compared between the parental strain and rad1∆ yeast following exposure to select for specific toxicity of plant extracts. Candidate extracts were further examined for the mode of action using genetic and biochemical approaches. RESULTS Screening a library of ethanolic extracts from medicinal plants identified Bacopa monnieri and Colubrina asiatica as having synthetic lethal effects in the rad1∆ cells but not the parental strain. Synthetic lethal effects for B. monneiri extracts were more apparent and this plant was examined further. Genetic analysis indicates that pro-oxidant activities and defective excision repair pathways do not significantly contribute to enhanced sensitivity to B. monneiri extracts. Exposure to B. monneiri extracts resulted in nuclear fragmentation and elevated levels of ethidium bromide staining in rad1∆ yeast suggesting promotion of an apoptosis-like event. Growth inhibition also observed in the human Caco-2 cell line suggesting the effects of B. monnieri extracts on both yeast and human cells may be similar. CONCLUSIONS B. monneiri extracts may have utility in treatment of colorectal cancers that exhibit deficiency in ERCC4 (XPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Mon Aung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Wittaya Panvongsa
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornrat N Jensen
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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Binti Mohd Yusuf Yeo NA, Muthuraju S, Wong JH, Mohammed FR, Senik MH, Zhang J, Yusof SR, Jaafar H, Adenan ML, Mohamad H, Tengku Muhammad TS, Abdullah JM. Hippocampal amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid GluA1 (AMPA GluA1) receptor subunit involves in learning and memory improvement following treatment with Centella asiatica extract in adolescent rats. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01093. [PMID: 30105867 PMCID: PMC6160644 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centella asiatica is an herbal plant that contains phytochemicals that are widely believed to have positive effects on cognitive function. The adolescent stage is a critical development period for the maturation of brain processes that encompass changes in physical and psychological systems. However, the effect of C. asiatica has not been extensively studied in adolescents. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of a C. asiatica extract on the enhancement of learning and memory in adolescent rats. METHODS The locomotor activity, learning, and memory were assessed by using open field test and water T-maze test. This study also examined changes in neuronal cell morphology using cresyl violet and apoptosis staining. We also performed immunohistochemical study to analyse the expression of the glutamate AMPA receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) GluA1 subunit and the GABA receptor (γ-Aminobutyric Acid) subtype GABAA α1 subunit in the hippocampus of the same animals. RESULTS We found no significant changes in locomotor activity (p > 0.05). The water T-maze data showed that 30 mg/kg dose significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning, memory, and the memory consolidation phase but had no effect on reversal learning (p > 0.05). Histological data revealed no neuronal morphological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased expression of the AMPA GluA1 receptor subunit but there was no effect on GABAA receptor α1 subunit expression in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The C. asiatica extract therefore improved hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory in a dose-dependent manner in rats through the GluA1-containing AMPA receptor in the CA1 and CA2 sub regions of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aqilah Binti Mohd Yusuf Yeo
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza Mohammed
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Harizal Senik
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Llham Adenan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research(P3Neuro), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Ding R, Wang S, Ren Z, Xu L, Zhang X, Zhao J, Ding Y, Wu Y, Gong Y. Effect of intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin on learning and memory in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2375-2380. [PMID: 30186480 PMCID: PMC6122483 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of behavior and PSD proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampal synaptosome in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model were determined. AD was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in neonatal mice (intraperitoneal AD group) or intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in adult mice (intracerebroventricular AD group). Body weight and blood sugar level were measured. Following Morris water maze (MWM) test and fear-conditioning test, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues were collected and the levels of PSD95 and shank3 proteins in these tissues were measured by western blot analysis. The body weight was reduced and the blood sugar concentration was increased in the intraperitoneal AD group compared with the control group. In contrast, the body weight was reduced, while the blood sugar concentration was not increased in the intracerebroventricular AD group compared with the control group. Escape latency in both AD groups was extended compared with the control group. The freezing time in the intraperitoneal AD group was increased, while in the intracerebroventricular AD group, the freezing time was reduced. PSD95 and shank3 proteins in the cerebral cortex in both AD groups were decreased compared with the control group. PSD95 in the hippocampus was reduced in both AD groups compared with the control group. Shank3 in the hippocampus in the intracerebroventricular AD group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Intraperitoneal injection of STZ in neonatal mice led to elevated blood sugar, impaired spatial memory and enhanced emotional memory when they become adults. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in adults directly led to deteriorated spatial and emotional memory without alteration of blood sugar content, which could be associated with the changes of PSD95 and shank3 proteins in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xunle Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuesong Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Bacopa monnieri extract enhances learning-dependent hippocampal long-term synaptic potentiation. Neuroreport 2018; 28:1031-1035. [PMID: 28885486 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a memory enhancer for a long time; however, its direct effect on synaptic plasticity has not been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the effect of B. monnieri on long-term synaptic potentiation in acute hippocampal slices. Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered either sterile water or the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri for 60 days. The extracellular recording was performed to measure the field excitatory postsynaptic potential in the acute hippocampal slices of these rats. Our results showed that B. monnieri extract significantly increased long-term potentiation magnitude compared with the control group, whereas there was no change in basal synaptic transmission. The data support the beneficial mnemonic effect of B. monnieri, and suggest that this effect might be because of the increase of learning-associated synaptic machinery, resulting in the long-term potentiation enhancement and strengthening of hippocampal synapses, which plays a critical role in learning and memory formation.
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Patel SS, Udayabanu M. Effect of natural products on diabetes associated neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:271-293. [PMID: 28030360 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications such as depression, anxiety, hypolocomotion, cognitive dysfunction, phobias, anorexia, stroke, pain, etc. Traditional system of medicine is long known for its efficient management of diabetes. The current review discusses the scope of some common medicinal herbs as well as secondary metabolites with a special focus on diabetes-mediated central nervous system complications. Literatures suggest that natural products reduce diabetes-mediated neurological complications partly by reducing oxidative stress and/or inflammation or apoptosis in certain brain regions. Natural products are known to modulate diabetes-mediated alterations in the level of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, monoamine oxidase, serotonin receptors, muscarinic receptors, insulin receptor, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuropeptide in brain. Further, there are several natural products reported to manage diabetic complications with unknown mechanism. In conclusion, medicinal plants or their secondary metabolites have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to effectively manage neurological complications associated with chronic diabetes.
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Kishore L, Kaur N, Singh R. Bacosine isolated from aerial parts of Bacopa monnieri improves the neuronal dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Auroprajna P, Naik BM, Sahoo JP, Keerthi GS, Pavanya M, Pal GK. Association of Sympathovagal Imbalance With Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes in Adults. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:44-50. [PMID: 28551162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) has been reported to be associated with metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association of SVI with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (n=43) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n=43) were recruited for the study. Body mass index and blood pressure measurements were recorded. SVI was assessed by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), and cognitive function was assessed by recording the positive wave that appears in 300 milliseconds from application of stimulus in event-related potential tracing (P300). Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula using blood glucose and insulin data, and oxidative stress was assessed by estimation of malondialdehyde. Association of various factors with cognitive impairment was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, and independent contributions of these factors to cognitive impairment were assessed by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS P300 latency was significantly prolonged in the diabetes group compared with the control group. Ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (LF-HF ratio) of HRV, the marker of SVI was found to be significantly correlated and linked with P300. Malondialdehyde and HOMA-IR were correlated with LF-HF ratio. CONCLUSION Treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes have SVI and considerable cognitive impairment. Insulin resistance and oxidative stress contribute to cognitive impairment, and SVI could be the physiologic link to cognitive impairment in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pal Auroprajna
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Basanta Manjari Naik
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jaya Prakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Gorantla Shravya Keerthi
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Manohar Pavanya
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Gopal Krushna Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
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Malikowska N, Sałat K, Podkowa A. Comparison of pro-amnesic efficacy of scopolamine, biperiden, and phencyclidine by using passive avoidance task in CD-1 mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 86:76-80. [PMID: 28412329 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Memory disorders accompany numerous diseases and therapies, and this is becoming a growing medical issue worldwide. Currently, various animal models of memory impairments are available; however, many of them require high financial outlay and/or are time-consuming. A simple way to achieve an efficient behavioral model of cognitive disorders is to inject defined drug that has pro-amnesic properties. Since the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in cognition is well established, the utilization of a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine (SCOP), a selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, biperiden (BIP), and a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP) seems to be reliable tools to induce amnesia. As the determination of their effective doses remains vague and the active doses vary significantly in laboratory settings and in mouse species being tested, the aim of this study was to compare these three models of amnesia in CD-1 mice. METHODS Male Swiss Albino mice were used in passive avoidance (PA) test. All the compounds were administered intraperitoneally (ip) at doses 1mg/kg, 5mg/kg, and 10mg/kg (SCOP and BIP), and 1mg/kg, 3mg/kg, and 6mg/kg (PCP). RESULTS In the retention trial of the PA task, SCOP and PCP led to the reduction of step-through latency at all the tested doses as compared to control, but BIP was effective only at the dose of 10mg/kg. CONCLUSION This study revealed the effectiveness of SCOP, PCP, and BIP as tools to induce amnesia, with the PCP model being the most efficacious and SCOP being the only model that demonstrates a clear dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Kishore L, Kaur N, Singh R. Renoprotective effect ofBacopa monnieri viainhibition of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetic nephropathy. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1528-1544. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1227920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Lemos C, Rial D, Gonçalves F, Pires J, Silva H, Matheus F, da Silva A, Marques J, Rodrigues R, Jarak I, Prediger R, Reis F, Carvalho R, Pereira F, Cunha R. High sucrose consumption induces memory impairment in rats associated with electrophysiological modifications but not with metabolic changes in the hippocampus. Neuroscience 2016; 315:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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