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Brara A, Chang C, Kerins J, Smith SE, Tallentire VR. Leadership Lingo: Developing a Shared Language of Leadership Behaviors to Enrich Debriefing Conversations. Simul Healthc 2024:01266021-990000000-00149. [PMID: 39400234 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leadership in medical emergencies is variable and frequently suboptimal, contributing to poor patient care and outcomes. Simulation training can improve leadership in both simulated practice and real clinical emergencies. Thoughtful debriefing is essential. However, unclear language around leadership limits facilitators' capacity for transformative reflective discussion. METHODS Internal medicine trainees participated in simulated medical emergency scenarios. Video recordings of consenting participants were analyzed using template analysis. A priori codes from existing literature formed an initial coding template. This was modified with inductive codes from the observed behaviors to develop a taxonomy of leadership behaviors in simulated medical emergencies. The taxonomy was then transformed into an infographic, to be used as a leadership debriefing tool. RESULTS The taxonomy of leadership behaviors consisted of the following 4 themes: Structuring, Decision making, Supporting, and Communicating. Structuring behaviors shaped the team, ensuring that the right people were in the right place at the right time. Decision-making behaviors steered the team, setting a direction and course of action. Communicating behaviors connected the team, sharing valuable information. Supporting behaviors nurtured the team, guiding team members to perform at their optimum level. CONCLUSIONS Debriefing-as-imagined is not always debriefing-as-done. A shared language of leadership can connect educators and learners, advancing critical debriefing conversations and enabling facilitators to drive meaningful reflective discussion. The use of infographics in simulation offers an opportunity to support educators in facilitating complex debriefing conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Brara
- From the Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Factors (A.B., C.C., J.K., S.E.S., V.R.T.), Larbert, Scotland; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (J.K.), Glasgow, Scotland; and Medical Education Directorate, NHS Lothian (V.R.T.), Edinburgh, Scotland
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Chu ST, Chiu DKW, Ho KKW. Using infographics in disseminating healthy lifestyle information on social media is likely to increase uptake and sharing. Health Info Libr J 2024; 41:246-266. [PMID: 38554025 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infographics facilitate rapid information dissemination with enriched eye-catching content on social media, but it is unclear what factors affect the adoption of information presented in this way. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the Information Acceptance Model applies to infographics on healthy lifestyle and fitness topics. METHODS Two hundred and four university students were invited to participate in an online survey on their acceptance after reading some healthy lifestyle and fitness topics infographics shared on social media. The data collected were analysed using Partial Least Square path modelling. RESULTS The results confirmed information usefulness as a predictor of information adoption; attitude towards information and information adoption were the predictors of behavioural intention. Information credibility and attitude towards information, but not information quality and needs, were significantly related to information usefulness. Social media usage and education level were factors affecting infographics impressions. DISCUSSION Results support most hypotheses. It confirms information usefulness as a predictor of infographics adoption. Attitudes towards information and information adoption are predictors of behavioural intentions of following healthy lifestyle and fitness suggestions through social media infographics. CONCLUSION Social media facilitates interpersonal communication, information exchange and knowledge sharing, and infographics may draw people into healthy lifestyle and fitness information items relevant to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ting Chu
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dickson K W Chiu
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin K W Ho
- Institute of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
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Derakshan N, Taylor J, Chapman B. Infographics on signs and symptoms of metastatic (secondary) breast cancer can empower women with a breast cancer diagnosis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403114. [PMID: 39070576 PMCID: PMC11274755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of a metastatic (secondary) breast cancer Infographics designed to enhance knowledge about symptoms of metastatic breast cancer in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Women with a primary or metastatic diagnosis of breast cancer who had not been in receipt of the Infographics previously, were sent the Infographics and asked to complete a questionnaire measuring their views of the usefulness of the Infographics in a number of domains. They were also asked to complete questionnaires on, anxiety and depression, coping, emotion regulation strategies and perceived cognitive functioning. Results showed that women advocated the use of the Infographics in medical and health care settings, as well as its ability in equipping themwith the relevant knowledge on signs of recurrence, its benefits in empowering control and reducing fears and uncertainties regarding metastatic breast cancer. Exploratory analysis showed that individual differences in trait vulnerability to anxiety and in emotion regulation strategies modulated women's responses suggesting the use of tailored approaches in the communication of the Infographics with patients. Our results point to the overall benefits of the Infographics in a number of domains. Implications for applications in healthcare settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Derakshan
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bethany Chapman
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Koeppen J, Sinclair PM, Guilhermino M. The CKD-DETECT V2.0 study: A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an infographic poster compared with an e-learning program on general practice nurses' knowledge and learning efficiency about chronic kidney disease risk factors and best practice screening procedures. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 78:103973. [PMID: 38788616 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate: (a) the effectiveness of an infographic poster compared with an e-learning program on general practice nurses' knowledge about chronic kidney disease risk factors and best practice screening procedures and (b) the effectiveness of an infographic poster compared with an e-learning program on general practice nurses' learning time and learning efficiency. BACKGROUND The screening and early detection of chronic kidney disease is essential in reducing its burden on the health system and those affected by it. General practice nurses are well-positioned to assist in its early detection. DESIGN Parallel-group, single-blinded, pre-post interventional randomised control design. METHOD This study was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Participants were registered or enrolled nurses working in general practice settings across Australia. The intervention group (n = 173) received an infographic poster about chronic kidney disease risk factors and best practice screening procedures, whereas the control group (n = 170) received an interactive e-learning program. Data were collected using an 8-item pre-post knowledge evaluation instrument. Time spent learning were collected through a self-reported log and a login/logout method. RESULTS The overall intervention effect demonstrated no statistical significance in knowledge scores from the baseline scores between the intervention and control group. The intervention group demonstrated higher learning efficiency in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated an infographic poster is as effective as an e-learning program on improving knowledge scores. However, in comparison to an e-learning program, an infographic poster is a more efficient way of learning. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Infographic posters can be an efficient educational modality to enhance healthcare professionals' knowledge and could be used as public health campaigns in clinical settings to educate the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koeppen
- Western New South Wales Local Health District, Australia
| | - P M Sinclair
- Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - M Guilhermino
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Australia
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Koenig T, Robins C, Darby Lipman P, Dinatale M, Johnson T, Sahin L, Roca C, Limpert J, Baisden K, Mulugeta Y, Yao L, Jennings KA, Alimchandani M, Everett D, Gassman A, Chang C, Ellis C, Pfuma Fletcher E, Samuels S. Healthcare providers' use of a concise summary to prescribe for lactating patients. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:531-538. [PMID: 38413289 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most breastfeeding individuals take at least one prescription drug, yet limited data from lactation studies are available to inform the safety of these drugs during breastfeeding. As a result, healthcare providers (HCPs) rely on available information about safety of drugs used during pregnancy or on personal experiences to inform prescribing/counseling decisions for breastfeeding individuals. To improve risk communication regarding drugs used during lactation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) in 2015, which added a narrative summary of available risk information to the lactation section of Prescribing Information (PI). Prior studies on labeling in PLLR format revealed that although HCPs found these details valuable, they regarded the narrative as too long to support decision-making during patient encounters. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study's objective was to assess the utility of adding a concise summary to the Lactation subsection of PI to complement the narrative and succinctly communicate to busy HCPs a drug's risks when used during lactation. The concise summary consisted of a bolded headline, bulleted descriptions of available study findings and potential adverse reactions, and recommendations for risk mitigation. METHODS Twenty-five online focus groups were conducted with five segments of HCPs to obtain their feedback on the concise summary and discuss their prescribing/counseling decisions for four fictitious prescription drugs including one vaccine. RESULTS HCPs utilized the concise summary to make initial prescribing/counseling decisions. Many also used the labeling narrative for a comprehensive benefit-risk assessment. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a need to continue to improve communication about safety of drugs used during lactation, and that the concise summary may help facilitate this communication. The study also highlights the need to educate HCPs about PI limitations when clinical data are lacking and the need to encourage clinical studies to be conducted to support actionable recommendations about use of prescription drugs during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Johnson
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | - Leyla Sahin
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | - Catherine Roca
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | | | | | - Yeruk Mulugeta
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | - Lynne Yao
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | | | | | - Darcie Everett
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
| | - Audrey Gassman
- United States Food and Drug Administration, United States
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Van Bostraeten P, Aertgeerts B, Bekkering GE, Delvaux N, Dijckmans C, Ostyn E, Soontjens W, Matthysen W, Haers A, Vanheeswyck M, Vandekendelaere A, Van der Auwera N, Schenk N, Stahl-Timmins W, Agoritsas T, Vermandere M. Infographic summaries for clinical practice guidelines: results from user testing of the BMJ Rapid Recommendations in primary care. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071847. [PMID: 37945307 PMCID: PMC10649784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infographics have the potential to enhance knowledge translation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines at the point of care. They can provide a synoptic view of recommendations, their rationale and supporting evidence. They should be understandable and easy to use. Little evaluation of these infographics regarding user experience has taken place. We explored general practitioners' experiences with five selected BMJ Rapid Recommendation infographics suited for primary care. METHODS An iterative, qualitative user testing design was applied on two consecutive groups of 10 general practitioners for five selected infographics. The physicians used the infographics before clinical encounters and we performed hybrid think-aloud interviews afterwards. 20 interviews were analysed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. RESULTS Many clinicians reported that the infographics were simple and rewarding to use, time-efficient and easy to understand. They were perceived as innovative and their knowledge basis as trustworthy and supportive for decision-making. The interactive, expandable format was preferred over a static version as general practitioners focused mainly on the core message. Rapid access through the electronic health record was highly desirable. The main issues were about the use of complex scales and terminology. Understanding terminology related to evidence appraisal as well as the interpretation of statistics and unfamiliar scales remained difficult, despite the infographics. CONCLUSIONS General practitioners perceive infographics as useful tools for guideline translation and implementation in primary care. They offer information in an enjoyable and user friendly format and are used mainly for rapid, tailored and just in time information retrieval. We recommend future infographic producers to provide information as concise as possible, carefully define the core message and explore ways to enhance the understandability of statistics and difficult concepts related to evidence appraisal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER MP011977.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bert Aertgeerts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Delvaux
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dijckmans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Elise Ostyn
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Willem Soontjens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Wout Matthysen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Anna Haers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Matisse Vanheeswyck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Niels Van der Auwera
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Noémie Schenk
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mieke Vermandere
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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Akhras A, ElSaban M, Tamil Selvan V, Alzaabi SZ, Senok A, Zary N, Ho SB. An Inquiry-Based Distance Learning Tool for Medical Students Under Lockdown ("COVID-19 Rounds"): Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 9:e40264. [PMID: 37856734 PMCID: PMC10629505 DOI: 10.2196/40264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to both clinical practice and the delivery of medical education. Educators and learners implemented novel techniques, including distance learning and web-based rounds, while trying to stay updated with the surge of information regarding COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Hence, we designed and implemented a technologically enhanced course called "COVID-19 Rounds" to educate students about the rapidly evolving pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to describe a technologically enhanced course called "COVID-19 Rounds" and evaluate the following: (1) student satisfaction and program usefulness in achieving preset objectives, (2) perceived improvement in literacy regarding the pandemic, and (3) the impact of student engagement by designing infographics and initiating COVID-19-related research projects. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study measuring the impact of the implementation of the web-based "COVID-19 Rounds" course. This program included web-based clinical experiences with physicians on actual rounds in COVID-19 wards in the hospital, weekly updates on evolving data and new research, and engagement in student-led projects. The study population included 47 fourth-year medical students at the Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, who attended the course. We designed and administered a 47-item survey to assess student satisfaction, program usefulness, impact on knowledge, and student engagement. Data were collected at the end of program delivery via Microsoft Forms. RESULTS In total, 38 (81%) out of 47 fourth-year medical students participated in this study. The final course evaluation revealed an overall high satisfaction rate, with a mean rating of 3.9 (SD 0.94) on the 5-point Likert scale. Most students were satisfied with the course format (27/38, 71%), organization (31/38, 82%), and the learning experience (28/38, 74%) that the course offered. The course was particularly appreciated for offering evidence-based talks about aspects of the pandemic (34/38, 90%), providing weekly updates regarding emerging evidence (32/38, 84%), and enhancing understanding of the challenges of the pandemic (34/38, 90%). Satisfaction with distance learning was moderate (23/37, 62%), and a minority of students would have preferred an in-person version of the course (10/37, 27%). Student engagement in the course was high. All students participated in small group presentations of infographics of pandemic-related topics. Perceived advantages included conciseness and visual appeal, and disadvantages included the lack of detail and the time-consuming nature of infographic design, especially for students with no prior design experience. After the course ended, 27 (57%) students began research projects. This resulted in 6 abstracts presented at local meetings and 8 scientific papers published or submitted for publication. CONCLUSIONS This inquiry-based adaptive approach to educating medical students about updates on COVID-19 via web-based learning was successful in achieving objectives and encouraging engagement in research. However, shortcomings of the course related to the lack of in-person teaching and clinical activities were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Akhras
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam ElSaban
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Varshini Tamil Selvan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaika Zain Alzaabi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Zary
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samuel B Ho
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicine, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Promising practices and constraining factors in mobilizing community-engaged research. RESEARCH ETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17470161221141275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a project involving 13 community focus groups on the topic of anti-racism and belonging where the researchers concluded each group with a robust discussion about how the group would prefer to receive the findings from the project. Analysis of this data, existing literature, and the practical experiences of the researchers revealed that while there are multiple “bridges” researchers can take to connect their research with community-level users, and although it is desirable to offer tailored approaches for specific audiences, there are significant barriers and challenges for truly effective engagement. By describing the various factors that determined which bridges were taken, we hope to help other community-based researchers imagine new ways of mobilizing knowledge, consider promising practices to guide the connection of knowledge to the community and shine a light on the very real constraints of time, budget, personnel, and university system considerations that impact knowledge mobilization decisions.
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Reid H, Smith R, Williamson W, Baldock J, Caterson J, Kluzek S, Jones N, Copeland R. Use of the behaviour change wheel to improve everyday person-centred conversations on physical activity across healthcare. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1784. [PMID: 36127688 PMCID: PMC9487060 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An implementation gap exists between the evidence supporting physical activity in the prevention and management of long-term medical conditions and clinical practice. Person-centred conversations, i.e. focussing on the values, preferences and aspirations of each individual, are required from healthcare professionals. However, many currently lack the capability, opportunity, and motivation to have these conversations. This study uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to inform the development of practical and educational resources to help bridge this gap. METHODS The BCW provides a theoretical approach to enable the systematic development of behaviour change interventions. Authors followed the described eight-step process, considered results from a scoping review, consulted clinical working groups, tested and developed ideas across clinical pathways, and agreed on solutions to each stage by consensus. RESULTS The behavioural diagnosis identified healthcare professionals' initiation of person-centred conversations on physical activity at all appropriate opportunities in routine medical care as a suitable primary target for interventions. Six intervention functions and five policy categories met the APEASE criteria. We mapped 17 Behavioural Change Techniques onto BCW intervention functions to define intervention strategies. CONCLUSIONS This study uses the BCW to outline a coherent approach for intervention development to improve healthcare professionals' frequency and quality of conversations on physical activity across clinical practice. Time-sensitive and role-specific resources might help healthcare professionals understand the focus of their intervention. Educational resources aimed at healthcare professionals and patients could have mutual benefit, should fit into existing care pathways and support professional development. A trusted information source with single-point access via the internet is likely to improve accessibility. Future evaluation of resources built and coded using this framework is required to establish the effectiveness of this approach and help improve understanding of what works to change conversations around physical activity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Reid
- Moving Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 6 Hill Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ralph Smith
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Wilby Williamson
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Baldock
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Caterson
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London, GB W2 1NY UK
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Natasha Jones
- Moving Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 6 Hill Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Copeland
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Zadro JR, Ferreira GE, O'Keeffe M, Stahl-Timmins W, Elkins MR, Maher CG. How do people use and view infographics that summarise health and medical research? A cross-sectional survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:677. [PMID: 36104815 PMCID: PMC9472431 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how people use infographics and their opinion on them has important implications for the design of infographics but has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe people's use of and opinions about infographics summarising health and medical research, preferences for information to include in infographics, and barriers to reading full-text articles. METHODS We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of consumers of infographics that summarise health or medical research. Demographic and outcome data were collected and summarised using descriptive statistics. A sensitivity analysis explored whether being a researcher/academic influenced the findings. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-four participants completed the survey (88% completion rate). Participants included health professionals (66%), researchers (34%), academics (24%), and patients/the public (13%). Most used Twitter (67%) and smartphones (89%) to access and view infographics, and thought infographics were useful tools to communicate research (92%) and increase the attention research receives (95%). Although most participants were somewhat/extremely likely (76%) to read the full-text article after viewing an infographic, some used infographics as a substitute for the full text at least half of the time (41%), thought infographics should be detailed enough so they do not have to read the full text (55%), and viewed infographics as tools to reduce the time burden of reading the full text (64%). Researchers/academics were less likely to report behaviours/beliefs suggesting infographics can reduce the need to read the full-text article. CONCLUSIONS Given many people use infographics as a substitute for reading the full-text article and want infographics to be detailed enough so they don't have to read the full text, a checklist to facilitate clear, transparent, and sufficiently detailed infographics summarising some types of health and medical research may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Zadro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, PO Box M179, Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Giovanni E Ferreira
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, PO Box M179, Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Mary O'Keeffe
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, PO Box M179, Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | | | - Mark R Elkins
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher G Maher
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, PO Box M179, Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
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Ferreira GE, Elkins MR, Jones C, O'Keeffe M, Cashin AG, Becerra RE, Gamble AR, Zadro JR. Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:326. [PMID: 35477398 PMCID: PMC9047312 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infographics have become an increasingly popular method to present research findings and increase the attention research receives. As many scientific journals now use infographics to boost the visibility and uptake of the research they publish, infographics have become an important tool for medical education. It is unknown whether such infographics convey the key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of the data such as an adequate description of the study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes; methodological limitations; and numerical estimates of benefits and harms. This study described whether infographics published in peer-reviewed health and medical research journals contain key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of clinical research. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we identified peer-reviewed journals listed in the top quintile of 35 unique fields of medicine and health research listed in the Journal Citation Reports database. Two researchers screened journals for the presence of infographics. We defined an infographic as a graphical visual representation of research findings. We extracted data from a sample of two of the most recent infographics from each journal. Outcomes were the proportion of infographics that reported key characteristics such as study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes, benefits, harms, effect estimates with measures of precision, between-group differences and conflicts of interest; acknowledged risk of bias, certainty of evidence and study limitations; and based their conclusions on the study's primary outcome. RESULTS We included 129 infographics from 69 journals. Most infographics described the population (81%), intervention (96%), comparator (91%) and outcomes (94%), but fewer contained enough information on the population (26%), intervention (45%), comparator (20%) and outcomes (55%) for those components of the study to be understood without referring to the main paper. Risk of bias was acknowledged in only 2% of infographics, and none of the 69 studies that had declared a conflict of interest disclosed it in the infographics. CONCLUSIONS Most infographics do not report sufficient information to allow readers to interpret study findings, including the study characteristics, results, and sources of bias. Our results can inform initiatives to improve the quality of the information presented in infographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Ferreira
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Missenden Road, Camperdown, PO Box M179, Sydney, NSWNew South Wales, 2050, Australia.
| | - Mark R Elkins
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caitlin Jones
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary O'Keeffe
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aidan G Cashin
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosa E Becerra
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew R Gamble
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua R Zadro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Kwan BM, Brownson RC, Glasgow RE, Morrato EH, Luke DA. Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability to Promote Equitable Impacts on Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2022; 43:331-353. [PMID: 34982585 PMCID: PMC9260852 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052220-112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Designing for dissemination and sustainability (D4DS) refers to principles and methods for enhancing the fit between a health program, policy, or practice and the context in which it is intended to be adopted. In this article we first summarize the historical context of D4DS and justify the need to shift traditional health research and dissemination practices. We present a diverse literature according to a D4DS organizing schema and describe a variety of dissemination products, design processes and outcomes, and approaches to messaging, packaging, and distribution. D4DS design processes include stakeholder engagement, participatory codesign, and context and situation analysis, and leverage methods and frameworks from dissemination and implementation science, marketing and business, communications and visualarts, and systems science. Finally, we present eight recommendations to adopt a D4DS paradigm, reflecting shifts in ways of thinking, skills and approaches, and infrastructure and systems for training and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine and Adult & Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Russell E Glasgow
- Department of Family Medicine and Adult & Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Elaine H Morrato
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health and Institute for Translational Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas A Luke
- Center for Public Health Systems Science, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Woolley KL, Rosenberg A, Halford C, Soldavin K, Smith R. Clarifications and corrections on PubMed's plain language summary requirements. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:611-612. [PMID: 35166144 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2042994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Woolley
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
- Envision Pharma Group, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Martínez Silvagnoli L, Shepherd C, Pritchett J, Gardner J. Optimizing Readability and Format of Plain Language Summaries for Medical Research Articles: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e22122. [PMID: 35014966 PMCID: PMC8790687 DOI: 10.2196/22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plain language summaries (PLSs) are intended to provide readers with a clear, nontechnical, and easily understandable overview of medical and scientific literature; however, audience preferences for specific PLS formats have yet to be fully explored. Objective This study aims to evaluate the preferred readability level and format for PLSs of medical research articles of different disease states via a web-based survey of audiences of different age groups. Methods Articles describing phase III clinical trials published in top-level, peer-reviewed journals between May 2016 and May 2018 were identified for 3 chronic disease states representing a range of adult patient age groups: (1) psoriasis, a skin disease representative of younger patients; (2) multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological disease representative of middle-aged patients; and (3) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a painful joint disease representative of older patients. Four PLSs were developed for each research article, of which 3 were text-only summaries (written with high, medium, and low complexity) and 1 was an infographic. To evaluate each of the 4 PLS formats, a 20-question open survey (specific to one of the 3 diseases) was sent to a representative sample selected via UK-based patient association websites, Twitter, and Facebook patient groups. A weighted-average calculation was applied to respondents’ ranked preferences for each PLS format. Results For all 3 articles, the weighted-average preference scores showed that infographic (psoriasis 2.91, MS 2.71, and RA 2.78) and medium-complexity text-based PLS (reading age 14-17 years, US Grade 9-11; psoriasis 2.90; MS 2.47; RA 2.77) were the two most preferred PLS formats. Conclusions Audience preferences should be accounted for when preparing PLSs to accompany peer-reviewed original research articles. Oversimplified text can be viewed negatively, and graphical summaries or medium-complexity text-based summaries appear to be the most popular. Plain Language Summary Patients and caregivers should have the chance to read about medical research in a format they can understand. However, we do not know much about the formats that people with different illnesses or ages prefer. Researchers wanted to find out more about this. They selected 3 medical articles about illnesses that affect different age groups: psoriasis (younger patients), multiple sclerosis (middle-aged patients), and rheumatoid arthritis (older patients). They created 4 summaries of each article. One was a graphical summary, and the other 3 were words-only summaries of high, medium, and low complexity. Then, the researchers posted surveys on UK patient group websites and Facebook patient groups to ask people what they thought of the summaries. The surveys were taken by 167 people. These people were patients with psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis, or their caregivers. Most were women, and about half had a university degree. For each illness, most people preferred the graphical summary. Among the word-only summaries, most people preferred the medium-complexity wording written for a reading age of 14 to 17 years. People felt that the graphical and medium-complexity summaries were clear and concise, while the others used jargon or were too simple. Authors of medical articles should remember these results when writing summaries for patients. More research is needed about the preferences of other people, such as those with other illnesses. (See Multimedia Appendix 1 for the graphical summary of the plain language summary.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Martínez Silvagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Shepherd
- CMC Connect, McCann Health Medical Communications, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - James Pritchett
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Gardner
- CMC Connect, McCann Health Medical Communications, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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15
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Hernandez-Sanchez S, Moreno-Perez V, Garcia-Campos J, Marco-Lledó J, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Lozano-Quijada C. Twelve tips to make successful medical infographics. MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:1353-1359. [PMID: 33342338 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1855323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the health sciences, professionals must keep up to date to conduct their evidence-based practise. Hence, there is a growing need to share medical knowledge efficiently among healthcare professionals, patients, and undergraduate health science students. Infographics (text and image) are a hybrid element that serves to represent information in an attractive and meaningful visual format. Actually, with the use of the Internet and social networks, infographics have become a popular format for sharing medical information around the world.On the basis of a published literature review, we provide 12 tips in this article to make a successfully health-related infographic with the aim of assisting clinicians, educators, and researchers in their task of communicating and transforming complex information into a visual, attractive, didactic and shareable format.By following these basic recommendations, it is possible to improve the dissemination of scientific and health-related knowledge to different audiences who can benefit from infographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hernandez-Sanchez
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno-Perez
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jonatan Garcia-Campos
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Marco-Lledó
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carlos Lozano-Quijada
- Traslational Research Centre of Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
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16
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Hughes AJ, McQuail P, Keogh P, Synnott K. Infographics Improve Comprehension and Recall at the Orthopaedic Journal Club. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1345-1349. [PMID: 33214098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information graphics, abbreviated to infographics, convey information using visualisations and images. This format of presenting research has been shown to be preferred by 80% of clinicians when compared to text articles. The weekly Journal Club was audited within our institution over a period of 10 weeks. Five weeks of article presentations using plain text abstract displays preceded 5 weeks of infographic display. A multiple-choice questionnaire was constructed weekly so as to test the attendees' recall and comprehension. A total of 1036 multiple-choice questions were answered across the 10 weeks, which included 553 questions (53.4%) based on the standard Journal Club format, and 483 questions (46.6%) on infographic displays. The use of infographics saw significantly improved test results from 42% to 65.8% (p < 0.001). Questions were answered correctly 1.5 times more often following infographic introduction. Infographics were preferred over plain text abstracts by 78% of team members. Infographics enhanced the audience's comprehension and recall of orthopaedic research when used as a presentation tool at the Journal Club. The majority of clinicians preferred infographic displays to plain text abstracts. Research was perceived as being more engaging, and thus more suitable for dissemination, such that key messages could be shared with surgeons, researchers and patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paula McQuail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Keogh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Synnott
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Mc Sween-Cadieux E, Chabot C, Fillol A, Saha T, Dagenais C. Use of infographics as a health-related knowledge translation tool: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046117. [PMID: 34135042 PMCID: PMC8211040 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efforts to bridge the know-do gap have paved the way for development of the field of knowledge translation (KT). KT aims to understand how evidence use can best be promoted and supported through different activities. For dissemination activities, infographics are gaining in popularity as a promising KT tool to reach multiple health research users (eg, health practitioners, patients and families, decision-makers). However, to our knowledge, no study has yet mapped the available evidence on this tool using a systematic method. This scoping review will explore the depth and breadth of evidence on infographics use and its effectiveness in improving research uptake (eg, raising awareness, influencing attitudes, increasing knowledge, informing practice and changing behaviour). METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will use the scoping review methodological framework first proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), improved by Levac et al, and further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). The search will be conducted in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Cairn and Google Scholar. We will also search for relevant literature from the reference lists of the included publications. Two independent reviewers will select the studies. All study designs will be eligible for inclusion, with no date or publication status restrictions. The included studies will have evaluated infographics that disseminate health research evidence and target a non-scientific audience. A data extraction form will be developed and used to extract and chart the data, which will then be synthesised to present a descriptive summary of the results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required. To inform the research and KT communities, various dissemination activities will be developed, including user-friendly KT tools (eg, webinars, fact sheets and infographics), open-access publication and presentations at KT events and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mc Sween-Cadieux
- Department of School and Social Adaptation Studies - Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Chabot
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Fillol
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CEPED - IRD-Université de Paris - ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Institut de recherche pour le développement, Paris, France
| | - Trisha Saha
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Dagenais
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Tung J, Bodkin RJ, Laughton T, Neat C, Benjamin S, An H, Antoniou T, Ho JMW. Efficiency and effectiveness of geriatric drug infographics: A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 69:2355-2358. [PMID: 34118060 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tung
- Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada.,GeriMedRisk, Waterloo, Canada
| | - R Jack Bodkin
- Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada.,GeriMedRisk, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Kitchener, Canada
| | - Thomas Laughton
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Cameron Neat
- Ian Gillespie Faculty of Design + Dynamic Media, Jake Kerry Faculty of Graduate Studies, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sophiya Benjamin
- Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada.,GeriMedRisk, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Kitchener, Canada.,Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Howard An
- GeriMedRisk, Waterloo, Canada.,St. Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony Antoniou
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joanne M-W Ho
- Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Canada.,GeriMedRisk, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Kitchener, Canada.,Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
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Barlow B, Webb A, Barlow A. Maximizing the visual translation of medical information: A narrative review of the role of infographics in clinical pharmacy practice, education, and research. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy Services University of Kentucky Healthcare Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Pharmacy Services Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Ashley Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy Services MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
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20
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Eljiz K, Greenfield D, Hogden A, Taylor R, Siddiqui N, Agaliotis M, Milosavljevic M. Improving knowledge translation for increased engagement and impact in healthcare. BMJ Open Qual 2020; 9:bmjoq-2020-000983. [PMID: 32943430 PMCID: PMC7500202 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ineffective knowledge dissemination contributes to clinical practice and service improvements not being realised. Meaningful knowledge translation can occur through the understanding and matching of appropriate communication mediums that are relevant for different stakeholders or audiences. To this end, we present a dissemination instrument, the 'REAch and Diffusion of health iMprovement Evidence' (README) checklist, for the communication of research findings, integrating both traditional and newer communication mediums. Additionally, we propose a 'Strategic Translation and Engagement Planning' (STEP) tool, for use when deciding which mediums to select. The STEP tool challenges the need for communicating complex and simple information against the desire for passive or active stakeholder interaction. Used collaboratively by academics and health professionals, README and STEP can promote co-production of research, subsequent diffusion of knowledge, and develop the capacity and skills of all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Eljiz
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Greenfield
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Hogden
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn Taylor
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nazlee Siddiqui
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Agaliotis
- Australian Institute of Health Service Management, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marianna Milosavljevic
- Research Operations, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Barlow B, Barlow A, Webb A, Cain J. "Capturing your audience": analysis of Twitter engagements between tweets linked with an educational infographic or a peer-reviewed journal article. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43:177-183. [PMID: 33028127 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1809358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Information represented through conventional text may fall short of capturing the attention and promoting engagement with today's digital audience. Transforming text into visual tools, such as infographics, has emerged as a simplified method of delivering information to attract a broader audience and enhance information dissemination. The first step to evaluate the potential value of infographics is to quantify their appeal and engagement rates over conventional text. This retrospective pilot analysis sought to evaluate the difference between engagement rates for tweets containing an of infographic compared to tweets containing a link to a peer-reviewed journal article. A total of 752 tweets were published within the study period; of these, 40 tweets met inclusion criteria. When engagement rates were compared, there was an increase in median engagement rates for tweets containing an infographic compared to a tweet linked to a peer-reviewed article at 10.97% (IQR 3.47%) and 5.33% (IQR 3.17%), respectively. This pilot study provides insight on the potential impact for infographics to enhance engagement rate, which may subsequently correlate with an increase in audience reach and readership. Prospective studies are needed to validate the utility of infographics in promoting scholarship publicity, learner engagement, and as a transferable pedagogical tool to educate medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashley Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeff Cain
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Griffin
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abdullatif Aydin
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, UK
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23
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Policy recommendations on nurses' use of smartphones in the Philippines. Int J Med Inform 2020; 142:104250. [PMID: 32828988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One key technology that has a significant implication on how nurses communicate and share information is the mobile phone, particularly the smartphone. However, its use for clinical work should be regulated by policies to minimize risks and maximize benefits. OBJECTIVE To present policy recommendations on nurses' use of smartphones that are applicable in the context of clinical work in the Philippines. MATERIALS AND METHOD The policy recommendations were developed by synthesizing findings of a mixed-method research on nurses' use of smartphones in the Philippines conducted from January to July 2017. RESULTS The four policy recommendations are: (1) improving existing technologies to reduce smartphone usage, (2) providing adequate unit phones and service credits, (3) implementing realistic policies, and (4) educating nurses on the implications of using smartphones at work. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Although these recommendations might not be ideal considering that smartphone use also presents drawbacks, a pragmatic decision to allow nurses to use it for communication and information seeking purposes can help enhance the quality of care given to patients and nurses' work productivity in settings with scarce manpower and technology. Nonetheless, hospitals should find these recommendations as a temporary solution, and they should strive to come up with a long-term solution of providing nurses with appropriate technologies to facilitate clinical work.
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Patel Z, Patel C, Oreper J, Patel H, Sajedeen A. Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions of Infographics Within Medical Information Response Letters. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2020; 54:1382-1387. [PMID: 32725548 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-020-00164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a continuing effort to provide innovative formats of presenting medical information in a digestible and comprehensive manner, infographics were created and included in select standard letters created by the Medical Information team. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative feedback on the ease of comprehension, flow, layout, and value of infographics within Standard Response Documents (SRDs) was obtained from healthcare professionals (HCPs). A qualitative survey (n = 47) was conducted to assess the ease of comprehension and effectiveness of infographics. The qualitative market research consisted of 25 individual 60-min phone interviews with HCPs focused around two SRDs. RESULTS It was found that 87% (n = 41) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the infographic was easy to comprehend. Additionally, 85% (n = 40) of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the infographic was useful in answering their product question. It was found that most HCPs (20/25) appreciated the presentation of the infographics and found them visually appealing. Additionally, most agreed that the infographic provided content that was sufficient in addressing their product inquiries and impactful for clinical decision making. CONCLUSION Infographics have proved to be a valuable resource within response letters to address HCP inquiries and provide an option to pharmaceutical companies to evolve the way medical information is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zil Patel
- Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA.
| | - Chandni Patel
- Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
| | - Jane Oreper
- Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
| | - Hemali Patel
- Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
| | - Autri Sajedeen
- Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ, 08536, USA
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25
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Comparison of blogshots with plain language summaries of Cochrane systematic reviews: a qualitative study and randomized trial. Trials 2020; 21:426. [PMID: 32450904 PMCID: PMC7249676 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cochrane, an organization dedicated to the production and dissemination of high-quality evidence on health, endeavors to reach consumers by developing appropriate summary formats of its systematic reviews. However, the optimal type of presentation of evidence to consumers is still unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate consumer preferences for different summary formats of Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs), using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Methods Initially, we conducted three focus groups with medical students (n = 7), doctors (n = 4), and patients (n = 9) in 2017 to explore their health information search habits and preferences for CSR summary formats. Based on those findings, we conducted a randomized trial with medical students at the University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia, and with patients from three Dalmatian family practices to determine whether they prefer CSR blogshots (n = 115) or CSR plain language summaries (PLSs; n = 123). Results Participants in the focus groups favored brief and explicit CSR summary formats with fewer numbers. Although we found no difference in participants’ preferences for a specific summary format in the overall sample, subgroup analysis showed that patients preferred blogshots over PLSs in comparison to medical students (P = 0.003, eta squared effect size η2 = 0.04). Conclusion CSR summaries should be produced in a format that meets the expectations and needs of consumers. Use of blogshots as a summary format could enhance the dissemination of CSRs among patients. Trial registration The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03542201. Registered on May 31st 2018.
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Provvidenza CF, Hartman LR, Carmichael J, Reed N. Does a picture speak louder than words? The role of infographics as a concussion education strategy. J Vis Commun Med 2019; 42:102-113. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2019.1599683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine F. Provvidenza
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura R. Hartman
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nick Reed
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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27
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Martin LJ, Turnquist A, Groot B, Huang SY, Kok E, Thoma B, van Merriënboer JJ. Exploring the Role of Infographics for Summarizing Medical Literature. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Certification of the service of pediatric hematology-oncology in the subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of infographic mapping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21682/2311-1267-2019-6-1-20-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to create a certification of the service of pediatric hematology-oncology of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF) using infographics and digitalization. Materials and methods. For the first time, infographic maps were used as a tool for certification, as a way of visualizing a large amount of data on the organization of pediatric hematology-oncology service in each subject of the RF. They allowed to show the specifics of the medical and organizational structure of the profile service in the subjects of the RF, their interaction with other subjects and federal centers. Processing of the cartographic image of the subject of the RF was carried out in the Adobe Illustrator graphic editor. A modifiable tool for creating infographic maps created in the MS Power Point program, with saving the results in PDF and PNG formats. Results. In the course of the study, a “Passport of Service” was prepared, containing infographic maps of 77 constituent entities of the RF. The maps in a graphic form provide information on resources available in the subject of the RF: a medical organization of the 3rd level with bed structure and the possibility of visualization, its personnel; the number of multicenter protocols and clinical guidelines used in the subject of the RF; logistics of patients, taking into account the territorial distance from the specialized beds, the presence in the region of the station/department of blood transfusion; the possibility of radiotherapy in the region; the presence of institutions where they provide palliative and rehabilitation assistance; the name of the federal and regional specialized centers, with whom the interaction is carried out, the well-established telemedicine consultation system with the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. The database of contacts of the main freelance children’s specialists of hematologists and oncologists of the RF was also updated. Conclusion.Thus, data were collected for visual display and to create specific conditions for developing optimal patient routing schemes and forming proposals for optimizing the service. The obtained “Passport of the Children’s Hematology-Oncology Service of the Russian Federation” can be used in the work of hospitals, scientific centers and professional communities.
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Young J, Bridgeman MB, Hermes-DeSantis ER. Presentation of scientific poster information: Lessons learned from evaluating the impact of content arrangement and use of infographics. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:204-210. [PMID: 30733019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientific poster content and delivery methodology have evolved in recent years. The objective of this observational cross-sectional survey-based study was to evaluate pharmacists' preferences of two different scientific poster formats conducted at a conference in May 2017. Two posters on the same topic were developed and presented utilizing different formatting; one in the traditional, text-based format and the other in an infographic-based format. Study participants (n = 61) included 23 (38%) preceptors and 37 (61%) residents. Preceptors and residents scored clarity and comprehensibility similarly for both poster formats respectively, but rated aesthetic appeal higher for the infographic format. Both groups found more detailed information to be missing from the infographic poster format. Overall, residents did not prefer one poster format to another, while preceptors overwhelmingly preferred the infographic poster format over the traditional poster format. IMPACT Several key confounders limit the interpretations of the study results. These confounders include lack of large and well-distributed sample size, inability to control for the effect of preference on comprehension scores, and differences between resident and preceptor experience that may ultimately influence preferences and results. RECOMMENDATIONS In repeating this study, investigators should consider capturing a national and larger sample size to increase applicability of results, design questions to assess comprehension, and collect participant baseline characteristics. DISCUSSION Variations in preferences and perceptions for optimal scientific poster content and design among pharmacists exist. The findings of this study suggest infographic poster formats are more aesthetically appealing, but demonstrate similar clarity and comprehensibility as a traditional poster format.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Young
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Mary Barna Bridgeman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
| | - Evelyn R Hermes-DeSantis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Using Infographics to Teach the Evidence Analysis Process to Senior Undergraduate Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:26-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Buljan I, Malički M, Wager E, Puljak L, Hren D, Kellie F, West H, Alfirević Ž, Marušić A. No difference in knowledge obtained from infographic or plain language summary of a Cochrane systematic review: three randomized controlled trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 97:86-94. [PMID: 29269021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of an infographic in the translation of knowledge about health information from a Cochrane systematic review to lay and professional populations in comparison to a plain language summary (PLS) and scientific abstract (SA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted three parallel randomized trials with university students (n = 171), consumers (n = 99), and doctors (n = 64), to examine the effect of different summary formats of a Cochrane systematic review on the knowledge about health information presented in the review, reading experience, and perceived user-friendliness. In the trials involving students and doctors, an infographic was compared to a PLS and a SA, while in those with consumers, an infographic was compared to a PLS. RESULTS We found no difference in knowledge between the infographic and the text-based PLS in any of the trials or in the whole participant sample. All three participant groups preferred the infographic and gave it higher ratings for reading experience (d = 0.48 in the overall sample) and user-friendliness (d = 0.46 in the overall sample). CONCLUSION Although the infographic format was perceived as more enjoyable for reading, it was not better than a traditional, text-based PLS in the translation of knowledge about findings from a Cochrane systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buljan
- Cochrane Croatia, Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Mario Malički
- Cochrane Croatia, Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Elizabeth Wager
- Sideview, Princes Risborough, UK; University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Cochrane Croatia, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Hren
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Split, Split Croatia
| | - Frances Kellie
- Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen West
- Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Žarko Alfirević
- Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ana Marušić
- Cochrane Croatia, Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2 21000, Split, Croatia
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