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Pedreañez A, Carrero Y, Vargas R, Hernández-Fonseca JP, Mosquera JA. Role of angiotensin II in cellular entry and replication of dengue virus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:121. [PMID: 38753119 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the relevance of several soluble molecules in the pathogenesis of dengue. In this regard, a possible role for angiotensin II (Ang II) in the pathophysiology of dengue has been suggested by the observation of a blockade of Ang II in patients with dengue, increased expression of molecules related to Ang II production in the plasma of dengue patients, increased expression of circulating cytokines and soluble molecules related to the action of Ang II, and an apparent relationship between DENV, Ang II effects, and miRNAs. In addition, in ex vivo experiments, the blockade of Ang II AT1 receptor and ACE-1 (angiotensin converting enzyme 1), both of which are involved in Ang II production and its function, inhibits infection of macrophages by DENV, suggesting a role of Ang II in viral entry or in intracellular viral replication of the virus. Here, we discuss the possible mechanisms of Ang II in the entry and replication of DENV. Ang II has the functions of increasing the expression of DENV entry receptors, creation of clathrin-coated vesicles, and increasing phagocytosis, all of which are involved in DENV entry. This hormone also modulates the expression of the Rab5 and Rab7 proteins, which are important in the endosomal processing of DENV during viral replication. This review summarizes the data related to the possible involvement of Ang II in the entry of DENV into cells and its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pedreañez
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Yenddy Carrero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Renata Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan P Hernández-Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Servicio de Microscopia Electrónica del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB- CSIC), Madrid, España
| | - Jesús Alberto Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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Liu J, Guo Z, Li W, Zhang X, Liang C, Cui Z. Packaging Quantum Dots in Viral Particles via a Strep-tag II/Streptavidin System for Single-Virus Tracking. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2821-2830. [PMID: 38407052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-virus tracking provides a powerful tool for studying virus infection with high spatiotemporal resolution. Quantum dots (QDs) are used to label and track viral particles due to their brightness and photostability. However, labeling viral particles with QDs is not easy. We developed a new method for labeling viral particles with QDs by using the Strep-tag II/streptavidin system. In this method, QDs were site-specifically ligated to viral proteins in live cells and then packaged into viral-like particles (VLPs) of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Ebola virus during viral assembly. With TBEV VLP-QDs, we tracked the clathrin-mediated endocytic entry of TBEV and studied its intracellular dynamics at the single-particle level. Our Strep-tag II/streptavidin labeling procedure eliminates the need for BirA protein expression or biotin addition, providing a simple and general method for site-specifically labeling viral particles with QDs for single-virus tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Novelo M, Dutra HLC, Metz HC, Jones MJ, Sigle LT, Frentiu FD, Allen SL, Chenoweth SF, McGraw EA. Dengue and chikungunya virus loads in the mosquito Aedes aegypti are determined by distinct genetic architectures. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011307. [PMID: 37043515 PMCID: PMC10124881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the arboviruses dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses exhibit key differences in their vector interactions, the latter moving more quicky through the mosquito and triggering fewer standard antiviral pathways. As the global footprint of CHIKV continues to expand, we seek to better understand the mosquito's natural response to CHIKV-both to compare it to DENV:vector coevolutionary history and to identify potential targets in the mosquito for genetic modification. We used a modified full-sibling design to estimate the contribution of mosquito genetic variation to viral loads of both DENV and CHIKV. Heritabilities were significant, but higher for DENV (40%) than CHIKV (18%). Interestingly, there was no genetic correlation between DENV and CHIKV loads between siblings. These data suggest Ae. aegypti mosquitoes respond to the two viruses using distinct genetic mechanisms. We also examined genome-wide patterns of gene expression between High and Low CHIKV families representing the phenotypic extremes of viral load. Using RNAseq, we identified only two loci that consistently differentiated High and Low families: a long non-coding RNA that has been identified in mosquito screens post-infection and a distant member of a family of Salivary Gland Specific (SGS) genes. Interestingly, the latter gene is also associated with horizontal gene transfer between mosquitoes and the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. This work is the first to link the SGS gene to a mosquito phenotype. Understanding the molecular details of how this gene contributes to viral control in mosquitoes may, therefore, also shed light on its role in Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novelo
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heverton LC Dutra
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hillery C. Metz
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Jones
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leah T. Sigle
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott L. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen F. Chenoweth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. McGraw
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Roa-Linares VC, Escudero-Flórez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Gallego-Gómez JC. Host Cell Targets for Unconventional Antivirals against RNA Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030776. [PMID: 36992484 PMCID: PMC10058429 DOI: 10.3390/v15030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of RNA-based viruses. The most prominent members of this group are SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), DENV (dengue virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), and influenza A virus. With the exception of retroviruses which produce reverse transcriptase, the majority of RNA viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases which do not include molecular proofreading tools, underlying the high mutation capacity of these viruses as they multiply in the host cells. Together with their ability to manipulate the immune system of the host in different ways, their high mutation frequency poses a challenge to develop effective and durable vaccination and/or treatments. Consequently, the use of antiviral targeting agents, while an important part of the therapeutic strategy against infection, may lead to the selection of drug-resistant variants. The crucial role of the host cell replicative and processing machinery is essential for the replicative cycle of the viruses and has driven attention to the potential use of drugs directed to the host machinery as therapeutic alternatives to treat viral infections. In this review, we discuss small molecules with antiviral effects that target cellular factors in different steps of the infectious cycle of many RNA viruses. We emphasize the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Finally, we postulate that the ferruginol analog (18-(phthalimide-2-yl) ferruginol) is a potential host-targeted antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuela Escudero-Flórez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gómez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Gee YJ, Sea YL, Lal SK. Viral modulation of lipid rafts and their potential as putative antiviral targets. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2413. [PMID: 36504273 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cells. They are identified as cholesterol and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains on cellular membranes. They serve as platforms for cellular communications by functioning in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Such structural organisation fulfils cellular needs for normal function, but at the same time increases vulnerability of cells to pathogen invasion. Viruses rely heavily on lipid rafts in basically every stage of the viral life cycle for successful infection. Various mechanisms of lipid rafts modification exploited by diverse viruses for attachment, internalisation, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly and release have been brought to light. This review focuses on virus-raft interactions and how a wide range of viruses manipulate lipid rafts at distinct stages of infection. The importance of virus-raft interactions in viral infections has inspired researchers to discover and develop antivirals that target this interaction, such as statins, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, viperin, 25-hydroxycholesterol and even anti-malarial drugs. The therapeutic modulations of lipid rafts as potential antiviral intervention from in vitro and in vivo evidence are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jing Gee
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Yi Lin Sea
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Sunil Kumar Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Ghosh S, Loutfy SA, Elkafas SS, Abdel Fattah NF, Hessien M. Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2403. [PMID: 36345157 PMCID: PMC9877911 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus-host cell interaction is essential for developing variant-independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS-CoV-2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant-independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis-mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, as variant-independent antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis-mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis-T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG-CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection remain understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research DepartmentNational Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR)GizaEgypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Samah A. Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Nanotechnology Research CenterBritish UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMenofia UniversityMenofiaEgypt
| | - Nasra F. Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
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Martinez F, Ghietto LM, Lingua G, Mugas ML, Aguilar JJ, Gil P, Pisano MB, Marioni J, Paglini MG, Contigiani MS, Núñez-Montoya SC, Konigheim BS. New insights into the antiviral activity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid: Inhibition of dengue virus serotype 1 replication. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154424. [PMID: 36126544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is considered one of the most important pathogens in the world causing 390 million infections each year. Currently, the development of vaccines against DENV presents some shortcomings and there is no antiviral therapy available for its infection. An important challenge is that both treatments and vaccines must be effective against all four DENV serotypes. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), isolated from Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) has shown a significant inhibitory effect on a broad spectrum of viruses, including DENV serotypes 2 and 4. PURPOSE We evaluated the in vitro virucidal and antiviral activity of NDGA on DENV serotype 1 (DENV1), including the study of its mechanism of action, to provide more evidence on its antiviral activity. METHODS The viability of viral particles was quantified by the plaque-forming unit reduction method. NDGA effects on DENV1 genome and viral proteins were evaluated by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Lysosomotropic activity was assayed using acridine orange and neutral red dyes. RESULTS NDGA showed in vitro virucidal and antiviral activity against DENV1. The antiviral effect would be effective within the first 2 h after viral internalization, when the uncoating process takes place. In addition, we determined by qPCR that NDGA decreases the amount of intracellular RNA of DENV1 and, by immunofluorescence, the number of cells infected. These results indicate that the antiviral effect of NDGA would have an intracellular mechanism of action, which is consistent with its ability to be incorporated into host cells. Considering the inhibitory activity of NDGA on the cellular lipid metabolism, we compared the antiviral effect of two inhibitors acting on two different pathways of this type of metabolism: 1) resveratrol that inhibits the sterol regulatory element of binding proteins, and 2) caffeic acid that inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme. Only caffeic acid produced an inhibitory effect on DENV1 infection. We studied the lysosomotropic activity of NDGA on host cells and found, for the first time, that this compound inhibited the acidification of cell vesicles which would prevent DENV1 uncoating process. CONCLUSION The present work contributes to the knowledge of NDGA activity on DENV. We describe its activity on DENV1, a serotype different to those that have been already reported. Moreover, we provide evidence on which stage/s of the viral replication cycle NDGA exerts its effects. We suggest that the mechanism of action of NDGA on DENV1 is related to its lysosomotropic effect, which inhibits the viral uncoating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Martinez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Lucia Maria Ghietto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lingua
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Laura Mugas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina
| | - J Javier Aguilar
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gil
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - M Belén Pisano
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Juliana Marioni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paglini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Susana C Núñez-Montoya
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina.
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Joseph JG, Mudgal R, Lin SS, Ono A, Liu AP. Biomechanical Role of Epsin in Influenza A Virus Entry. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:859. [PMID: 36135878 PMCID: PMC9505878 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis for cellular entry. Membrane-bending protein epsin is a cargo-specific adaptor for IAV entry. Epsin interacts with ubiquitinated surface receptors bound to IAVs via its ubiquitin interacting motifs (UIMs). Recently, epsin was shown to have membrane tension sensitivity via its amphiphilic H0 helix. We hypothesize this feature is important as IAV membrane binding would bend the membrane and clinical isolates of IAVs contain filamentous IAVs that may involve more membrane bending. However, it is not known if IAV internalization might also depend on epsin's H0 helix. We found that CALM, a structurally similar protein to epsin lacking UIMs shows weaker recruitment to IAV-containing clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) compared to epsin. Removal of the ENTH domain of epsin containing the N-terminus H0 helix, which detects changes in membrane curvature and membrane tension, or mutations in the ENTH domain preventing the formation of H0 helix reduce the ability of epsin to be recruited to IAV-containing CCSs, thereby reducing the internalization of spherical IAVs. However, internalization of IAVs competent in filamentous particle formation is not affected by the inhibition of H0 helix formation in the ENTH domain of epsin. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that epsin plays a biomechanical role in IAV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jophin G. Joseph
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rajat Mudgal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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9
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Members of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis complex entry into host cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14556. [PMID: 36008558 PMCID: PMC9411563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pixuna virus (PIXV) and Río Negro virus (RNV) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses belonging to the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) complex, which includes pathogenic epizootic and enzootic subtypes responsible for life-threatening diseases in equines. Considering that the first steps in viral infection are crucial for the efficient production of new progeny, the aim of this study was to elucidate the early events of the replication cycle of these two viruses. To this end, we used chemical inhibitors and the expression of dominant-negative constructs to study the dependence of clathrin and endosomal pH on PIXV and RNV internalization mechanisms. We demonstrated that both viruses are internalized primarily via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, where the low pH in endosomes is crucial for viral replication. Contributing knowledge regarding the entry route of VEE complex members is important to understand the pathogenesis of these viruses and also to develop new antiviral strategies.
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Dey L, Mukhopadhyay A. Compact Genetic Algorithm-Based Feature Selection for Sequence-Based Prediction of Dengue-Human Protein Interactions. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:2137-2148. [PMID: 33729946 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3066597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue Virus (DENV) infection is one of the rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infections in humans. Every year, around 50 million people get affected by DENV infection, resulting in 20,000 deaths. Despite the recent experiments focusing on dengue infection to understand its functionality in the human body, several functionally important DENV-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have remained unrecognized. This article presents a model for predicting new DENV-human PPIs by combining different sequence-based features of human and dengue proteins like the amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, conjoint triad, pseudo amino acid composition, and pairwise sequence similarity between dengue and human proteins. A Learning vector quantization (LVQ)-based Compact Genetic Algorithm (CGA) model is proposed for feature subset selection. CGA is a probabilistic technique that simulates the behavior of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with lesser memory and time requirements. Prediction of DENV-human PPIs is performed by the weighted Random Forest (RF) technique as it is found to perform better than other classifiers. We have predicted 1013 PPIs between 335 human proteins and 10 dengue proteins. All predicted interactions are validated by literature filtering, GO-based assessment, and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis. This study will encourage the identification of potential targets for more effective anti-dengue drug discovery.
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Anwar MN, Akhtar R, Abid M, Khan SA, Rehman ZU, Tayyub M, Malik MI, Shahzad MK, Mubeen H, Qadir MS, Hameed M, Wahaab A, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. The interactions of flaviviruses with cellular receptors: Implications for virus entry. Virology 2022; 568:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sinha M, Chakraborty U, Kool A, Chakravarti M, Das S, Ghosh S, Thakur L, Khuranna A, Nayak D, Basu B, Kar S, Ray R, Das S. In-vitro antiviral action of Eupatorium perfoliatum against dengue virus infection: Modulation of mTOR signaling and autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114627. [PMID: 34509603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently engendered large epidemics around the world. Consequently antivirals with effective anti-DENV therapeutic activity are urgently required. In the 18th century, Europeans, as well as native inhabitants of North America, were known to adapt the medicinal property of the common perennial plant Eupatorium perfoliatum L. to treat fever and infections. Previous studies have shown that Eupatorium perfoliatum L. possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-plasmodial, anti-bacterial and antiviral activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, no anti-DENV activity of E. perfoliatum L. has been investigated at the molecular level so far. AIM OF STUDY Here, for the first time we have attempted to study the action of E. perfoliatum extract and its few bioactive components i.e., quercetin, caffeic acid and eupafolin against wild primary clinical isolate of DENV-2 infection in an in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence of the bioactive components in the E. perfoliatum extract, were analyzed by HPLC- DAD. Then, CC50 as well as IC50 values of the extract and its bioactive components were measured against DENV in HepG2 cell line. After that, the antiviral activity was studied by Time of addition assay using qRT-PCR. Further, the downstream signalling action of E. perfoliatum extract, was studied by Human phosphorylation MAPK antibody array, followed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, a molecular docking analysis was done to study the binding affinity of bioactive components of E. perfoliatum extract with TIM-1 transmembrane receptor protein, which is known for viral internalization. RESULT We found that E. perfoliatum extract has marked antiviral activity during pre-treatment against DENV infection in HepG2 cell line. The extract also significantly reduced the DENV induced autophagy in HepG2 cell line as detected by LC3 II localization. The presence of different bioactive compounds in E. perfoliatum extract were confirmed by HPLC-DAD. In the bioactive components, in parallel to earlier studies, quercetin showed the most significant preventive action against DENV infection. Further, in molecular docking analysis also, quercetin showed the strongest binding affinity towards DENV membrane receptor TIM-1 protein. CONCLUSION Our findings suggests that E. perfoliatum extract has significant potential to be an anti-DENV therapeutic agent. Moreover, among the bioactive components, quercetin may have a prophylaxis role in executing the antiviral activity of E. perfoliatum extract against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonmoon Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India; Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700020, India.
| | - Urmita Chakraborty
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Anirban Kool
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Mousumi Chakravarti
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Souvik Das
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Lovnish Thakur
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram, Haryana-122103, India.
| | - Anil Khuranna
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi-111058, India.
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi-111058, India.
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Subhabrata Kar
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram, Haryana-122103, India.
| | - Raja Ray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700020, India.
| | - Satadal Das
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
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Involvement of adaptor proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus entry. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105278. [PMID: 34740810 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the initiation of effective viral infection is breaking through the cytomembrane to enter the cell. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a key vesicular trafficking process in which a variety of cargo molecules are transported from the outside to the inside of the cell. This process is hijacked by numerous families of enveloped or non-enveloped viruses, which use it to enter host cells, followed by trafficking to their replicating sites. Various adaptor proteins that assist in cargo selection, coat assembly, and clathrin-coated bud maturation are important in this process. Research data documented on the involvement of adaptor proteins, such as AP-2, Eps-15, Epsin1, and AP180/CALM, in the invasion of viruses via the clathrin-mediated endocytosis have provided novel insights into understanding the viral life cycle and have led to the development of novel therapeutics. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries on the role of these adaptor proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of virus entry and also discuss the future trends in this field.
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Rajendran KV, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod-borne pathogen transmission. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1622-1638. [PMID: 33960414 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts and transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins, lipids and immunomodulators, such as I. scapularis sphingomyelinase (IsSMase)-like protein, an ortholog of dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom of Loxosceles spp. of spiders. IsSMase modulates the host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1-mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick to the vertebrate host, and exosomes derived from tick saliva/salivary glands suppress C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and interleukin-8 immune response(s) in human skin to delay wound healing and repair processes. IsSMase affects also viral replication and exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick-to-vertebrate host transmission of pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate on exosomes and their biogenesis as potential candidates for developing novel control measure(s) to combat tick-borne diseases. Such targets could help with the development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine for preventing the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundave V Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Carro SD, Cherry S. Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:E13. [PMID: 33374822 PMCID: PMC7824540 DOI: 10.3390/v13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Carvalho SM, Mansur AA, Carvalho IC, Costa ÉA, Guedes MIM, Kroon EG, Lobato ZI, Mansur HS. Fluorescent quantum dots-zika virus hybrid nanoconjugates for biolabeling, bioimaging, and tracking host-cell interactions. MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 277:128279. [PMID: 32834256 PMCID: PMC7351043 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The earliest possible diagnosis and understanding of the infection mechanisms play a crucial role in the outcome of fighting viral diseases. Thus, we designed and developed for the first time, novel bioconjugates made of Ag-In-S@ZnS (ZAIS) fluorescent quantum dots coupled with ZIKA virus via covalent amide bond with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) biopolymer for labeling and bioimaging the virus-host cell interactions mechanisms through confocal laser scanning microscopy. This work offers relevant insights regarding the profile of the ZIKA virus-nanoparticle conjugates interactions with VERO cells, which can be applied as a nanoplatform to elucidate the infection mechanisms caused by this viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhra M. Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-DEMET, Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
- LPVA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A.P. Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-DEMET, Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Isadora C. Carvalho
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-DEMET, Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Érica A. Costa
- LPVA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel M.C. Guedes
- LPVA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Erna G. Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Zelia I.P. Lobato
- LPVA, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - Herman S. Mansur
- Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Innovation-DEMET, Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
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Kumar A, Kodidela S, Tadrous E, Cory TJ, Walker CM, Smith AM, Mukherjee A, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Replication and Pathogenesis and Their Potential Role in Therapeutic Intervention. Viruses 2020; 12:E887. [PMID: 32823684 PMCID: PMC7472073 DOI: 10.3390/v12080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown their potential as a carrier of molecular information, and they have been involved in physiological functions and diseases caused by viral infections. Virus-infected cells secrete various lipid-bound vesicles, including endosome pathway-derived exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles that are released from the plasma membrane. They are released via a direct outward budding and fission of plasma membrane blebs into the extracellular space to either facilitate virus propagation or regulate the immune responses. Moreover, EVs generated by virus-infected cells can incorporate virulence factors including viral protein and viral genetic material, and thus can resemble noninfectious viruses. Interactions of EVs with recipient cells have been shown to activate signaling pathways that may contribute to a sustained cellular response towards viral infections. EVs, by utilizing a complex set of cargos, can play a regulatory role in viral infection, both by facilitating and suppressing the infection. EV-based antiviral and antiretroviral drug delivery approaches provide an opportunity for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the literature on EVs, their associated involvement in transmission in viral infections, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Theodore James Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Crystal Martin Walker
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Amber Marie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Ahona Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
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Qasim M, Xiao H, He K, Omar MAA, Liu F, Ahmed S, Li F. Genetic engineering and bacterial pathogenesis against the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104391. [PMID: 32679245 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the main vector of multiple diseases worldwide and transmit viral (malaria, chikungunya, encephalitis, yellow fever, as well as dengue fever), as well as bacterial diseases (tularemia). To manage the outbreak of mosquito populations, various management programs include the application of chemicals, followed by biological and genetic control. Here we aimed to focus on the role of bacterial pathogenesis and molecular tactics for the management of mosquitoes and their vectorial capacity. Bacterial pathogenesis and molecular manipulations have a substantial impact on the biology of mosquitoes, and both strategies change the gene expression and regulation of disease vectors. The strategy for genetic modification is also proved to be excellent for the management of mosquitoes, which halt the development of population via incompatibility of different sex. Therefore, the purpose of the present discussion is to illustrate the impact of both approaches against the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. Moreover, it could be helpful to understand the relationship of insect-pathogen and to manage various insect vectors as well as diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Huamei Xiao
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Kang He
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mohamed A A Omar
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feiling Liu
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Herrscher C, Roingeard P, Blanchard E. Hepatitis B Virus Entry into Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061486. [PMID: 32570893 PMCID: PMC7349259 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped partially double-stranded DNA virus, is a widespread human pathogen responsible for more than 250 million chronic infections worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies cannot eradicate HBV due to the persistence of the viral genome in a special DNA structure (covalently closed circular DNA, cccDNA). The identification of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as an entry receptor for both HBV and its satellite virus hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has led to great advances in our understanding of the life cycle of HBV, including the early steps of infection in particular. However, the mechanisms of HBV internalization and the host factors involved in this uptake remain unclear. Improvements in our understanding of HBV entry would facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches targeting this stage and preventing the de novo infection of naïve hepatocytes. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge about the process of HBV internalization into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Herrscher
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (E.B.); Tel.: +33-2-3437-9646 (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Blanchard
- Inserm U1259, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Plate-Forme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, 37032 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (E.B.); Tel.: +33-2-3437-9646 (E.B.)
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Duffney PF, Embong AK, McGuire CC, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility to infection in lung epithelial cells by upregulating caveolin-dependent endocytosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232102. [PMID: 32437367 PMCID: PMC7241776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a risk factor for many pulmonary diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Cigarette smokers are more prone to respiratory infections with more severe symptoms. In those with COPD, viral infections can lead to acute exacerbations resulting in lung function decline and death. Epithelial cells in the lung are the first line of defense against inhaled insults such as tobacco smoke and are the target for many respiratory pathogens. Endocytosis is an essential cell function involved in nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and sensing of the extracellular environment, yet, the effect of cigarette smoke on epithelial cell endocytosis is not known. Here, we report for the first time that cigarette smoke alters the function of several important endocytic pathways in primary human small airway epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs clathrin-mediated endocytosis and fluid phase macropinocytosis while increasing caveolin mediated endocytosis. We also show that influenza virus uptake is enhanced by cigarette smoke exposure. These results support the concept that cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of endocytosis contributes to lung infection in smokers. Targeting endocytosis pathways to restore normal epithelial cell function may be a new therapeutic approach to reduce respiratory infections in current and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker F. Duffney
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - A. Karim Embong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Connor C. McGuire
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Jatuyosporn T, Laohawutthichai P, Supungul P, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Ochoa-Leyva A, Tassanakajon A, Krusong K. Role of Clathrin Assembly Protein-2 Beta Subunit during White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13489. [PMID: 31530841 PMCID: PMC6748913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most lethal viruses severely affecting shrimp industry. This disease can cause 100% mortality of farmed shrimp within a week. This work aims to characterize clathrin assembly proteins in Penaeus monodon and investigate their roles in WSSV entry. In general, clathrin assembly proteins form complexes with specific receptors and clathrins, leading to clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), which is responsible for endocytosis at plasma membrane, consists of four subunits including α, β2, μ2 and σ2. Knockdown of clathrin coat AP17, or σ subunit of AP-2 dramatically reduced WSSV infectivity. Similar results were observed, when shrimp were pre-treated with chlorpromazine (CPZ), an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The complete open reading frames of AP-2β and μ subunits of P. monodon are reported. PmAP-2 β was up-regulated about 4-fold at 6 and 36 h post-WSSV infection. Knockdown of PmAP-2β delayed shrimp mortality during WSSV infection, of which WSSV intermediate early 1 gene expression was also down-regulated. Immunogold-labelling and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PmAP-2β co-localized with WSSV particles at plasma membrane. In addition, PmAP-2β-silencing significantly affected the expression levels of PmSTAT, PmDOME, PmDorsal and ALFPm3 during WSSV infection. It is possible that PmAP-2β is associated with the JAK/STAT and the Toll pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapanan Jatuyosporn
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasunee Laohawutthichai
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas No. 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamentos de Microbiología Molecular, Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciacián Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62210, Mexico
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Zakaria MK, Carletti T, Marcello A. Cellular Targets for the Treatment of Flavivirus Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:398. [PMID: 30483483 PMCID: PMC6240593 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical antiviral therapy targets viral functions, mostly viral enzymes or receptors. Successful examples include precursor herpesvirus drugs, antiretroviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase and protease, influenza virus directed compounds as well as more recent direct antiviral agents (DAA) applied in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, from early times, the possibility of targeting the host cell to contain the infection has frequently re-emerged as an alternative and complementary antiviral strategy. Advantages of this approach include an increased threshold to the emergence of resistance and the possibility to target multiple viruses. Major pitfalls are related to important cellular side effects and cytotoxicity. In this mini-review, the concept of host directed antiviral therapy will be discussed with a focus on the most recent advances in the field of Flaviviruses, a family of important human pathogens for which we do not have antivirals available in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khalid Zakaria
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tea Carletti
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
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24
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Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030068. [PMID: 30104482 PMCID: PMC6161159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus, is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that can cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe neuroinvasive disease. Today, several killed and live vaccines are available in different parts of the globe for use in humans to prevent JEV-induced diseases, yet no antivirals are available to treat JEV-associated diseases. Despite the progress made in vaccine research and development, JEV is still a major public health problem in southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia, as well as northern Oceania, with the potential to become an emerging global pathogen. In viral replication, the entry of JEV into the cell is the first step in a cascade of complex interactions between the virus and target cells that is required for the initiation, dissemination, and maintenance of infection. Because this step determines cell/tissue tropism and pathogenesis, it is a promising target for antiviral therapy. JEV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein E, which binds virions to the cell surface (attachment), delivers them to endosomes (endocytosis), and catalyzes the fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes (membrane fusion), followed by the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm (uncoating). In this multistep process, a collection of host factors are involved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the viral and cellular components involved in JEV entry into host cells, with an emphasis on the initial virus-host cell interactions on the cell surface.
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25
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Carro AC, Piccini LE, Damonte EB. Blockade of dengue virus entry into myeloid cells by endocytic inhibitors in the presence or absence of antibodies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006685. [PMID: 30092029 PMCID: PMC6103515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral human disease in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. In spite of the increasing global incidence, no specific antiviral therapy is available. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage are the main targets either for direct antibody (Ab)-independent or Ab-mediated human DENV infection, usually associated to the severe forms of disease. Since the virus entry may be a convenient therapeutic alternative, this study aimed to investigate the mode of DENV internalization into myeloid cells in the absence and presence of DENV Ab and evaluate the inhibitory activity of diverse biochemical inhibitors of endocytosis. Methodology/principal findings By infectivity assays and quantitative RT-PCR determinations, it was demonstrated that DENV-2 entry into U937 and K562 cells in the absence of Ab was highly inhibited by the early treatment with ammonium chloride, chlorpromazine and dynasore, but it was not affected by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, indicating that DENV-2 utilizes a low pH-dependent, clathrin- and dynamin-mediated endocytic infectious pathway for the direct entry into both human myeloid cells. To study the Ab-mediated entry of DENV, the experimental conditions for enhancement of infection were established by inoculating immune complexes formed with DENV-2 and the Ab 2H2 or 3H5. The internalization of DENV-2-2H2 or DENV-2-3H5 complexes in both myeloid cells was also dependent on acid pH and dynamin but a differential requirement of the clathrin-mediated endocytic route was observed depending on the FcγR involved in the complex uptake: the infection through FcγRII was dependent on clathrin-coated vesicles whereas the internalization pathway mediated by FcγRI was independent of clathrin. This property was not serotype-specific. Conclusions/significance DENV entry into myeloid cells in the absence or presence of Ab can be blocked by diverse biochemical inhibitors affecting the cellular factors involved in endocytosis. The identification of the virus-host interactions involved in virus penetration may allow the finding of host-targeted antivirals widely active against diverse pathogenic flaviviruses with similar requirements for virus entry. Dengue is currently a widespread viral disease transmitted to human by mosquitoes, with very high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions of América and Asia. Approximately 2.5 billion people are living in endemic areas and it is estimated that 350 million apparent and inapparent infections occur each year. There is no specific antiviral for treatment of dengue patients. On this basis, the search of antiviral agents is an urgent need. Dengue virus (DENV) entry is an attractive alternative for chemotherapeutic intervention since it represents a barrier to block the beginning of infection. We intended to evaluate the antiviral activity of diverse biochemical inhibitors of endocytosis against DENV in human myeloid cells. Results showed that DENV entry into these cells can be blocked by diverse biochemical inhibitors affecting the cellular factors involved in endocytosis such as intravesicular pH, clathrin-coated vesicles and dynamin, although the presence of non neutralizing antibodies, as can occur in secondary human infections, may alter the entry pathway under certain conditions. Then, the blockade of virus entry with host-targeted inhibitors may be a promising strategy for the development of safe antiviral agents with wide spectrum of activity against DENV and other related pathogenic flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Carro
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luana E Piccini
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN, National Research Council (CONICET)-Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN, National Research Council (CONICET)-Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Sulczewski FB, Liszbinski RB, Romão PRT, Rodrigues Junior LC. Nanoparticle vaccines against viral infections. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2313-2325. [PMID: 29728911 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts, we still do not have prophylactic vaccines for many clinically relevant viruses, such as HIV, hepatitis C virus, Zika virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Several factors have contributed to the current lack of effective vaccines, including the high rate of viral mutation, low immunogenicity of recombinant viral antigens, instability of viral antigenic proteins administered in vivo, sophisticated mechanisms of viral immune evasion, and inefficient induction of mucosal immunity by vaccine models studied to date. Some of these obstacles could be partially overcome by the use of vaccine adjuvants. Nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as vaccine adjuvants because they possess chemical and structural properties that improve immunogenicity. The use of nanotechnology in the construction of immunization systems has developed into the field of viral nanovaccinology. The purpose of this paper is to review and correlate recent discoveries concerning nanoparticles and specific properties that contribute to the immunogenicity of viral nanoparticle vaccines, bio-nano interaction, design of nanoparticle vaccines for clinically relevant viruses, and future prospects for viral nanoparticle vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando B Sulczewski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Raquel B Liszbinski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Junior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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27
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ABMA, a small molecule that inhibits intracellular toxins and pathogens by interfering with late endosomal compartments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15567. [PMID: 29138439 PMCID: PMC5686106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogenic microorganisms and toxins exploit host cell mechanisms to enter, exert their deleterious effects as well as hijack host nutrition for their development. A potential approach to treat multiple pathogen infections and that should not induce drug resistance is the use of small molecules that target host components. We identified the compound 1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine (ABMA) from a cell-based high throughput screening for its capacity to protect human cells and mice against ricin toxin without toxicity. This compound efficiently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite. ABMA provokes Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment accumulation in mammalian cells without affecting other organelles (early endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleus). As the mechanism of action of ABMA is restricted to host-endosomal compartments, it reduces cell infection by pathogens that depend on this pathway to invade cells. ABMA may represent a novel class of broad-spectrum compounds with therapeutic potential against diverse severe infectious diseases.
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28
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Sasaki M, Anindita PD, Phongphaew W, Carr M, Kobayashi S, Orba Y, Sawa H. Development of a rapid and quantitative method for the analysis of viral entry and release using a NanoLuc luciferase complementation assay. Virus Res 2017; 243:69-74. [PMID: 29074234 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Subviral particles (SVPs) self-assemble and are released from cells transfected with expression plasmids encoding flavivirus structural proteins. Flavivirus-like particles (VLPs), consisting of flavivirus structural proteins and a subgenomic replicon, can enter cells and cause single-round infections. Neither SVPs or VLPs possess complete viral RNA genomes, therefore are replication-incompetent systems; however, they retain the capacity to fuse and bud from target cells and follow the same maturation process as whole virions. SVPs and VLPs have been previously employed in studies analyzing entry and release steps of viral life cycles. In this study, we have developed quantitative methods for the detection of cellular entry and release of SVPs and VLPs by applying a luciferase complementation assay based on the high affinity interaction between the split NanoLuc luciferase protein, LgBiT and the small peptide, HiBiT. We introduced HiBiT into the structural protein of West Nile virus and generated SVPs and VLPs harboring HiBiT (SVP-HiBiT and VLP-HiBiT, respectively). As SVP-HiBiT emitted strong luminescence upon exposure to LgBiT and its substrate, the nascently budded SVP-HiBiT in the supernatant was readily quantified by luminometry. Similarly, the cellular entry of VLP-HiBiT generated luminescence when VLP-HiBiT was infected into LgBiT-expressing cells. These methods utilizing SVP-HiBiT and VLP-HiBiT will facilitate research into life cycles of flaviviruses, including WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Paulina D Anindita
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Wallaya Phongphaew
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College of Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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29
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Rab5 and Rab11 Are Required for Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in BHK-21 Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01113-17. [PMID: 28724764 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01113-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) generally enters host cells via receptor-mediated clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The trafficking of JEV within endosomes is controlled by Rab GTPases, but which Rab proteins are involved in JEV entry into BHK-21 cells is unknown. In this study, entry and postinternalization of JEV were analyzed using biochemical inhibitors, RNA interference, and dominant negative (DN) mutants. Our data demonstrate that JEV entry into BHK-21 cells depends on clathrin, dynamin, and cholesterol but not on caveolae or macropinocytosis. The effect on JEV infection of dominant negative (DN) mutants of four Rab proteins that regulate endosomal trafficking was examined. Expression of DN Rab5 and DN Rab11, but not DN Rab7 and DN Rab9, significantly inhibited JEV replication. These results were further tested by silencing Rab5 or Rab11 expression before viral infection. Confocal microscopy showed that virus particles colocalized with Rab5 or Rab11 within 15 min after virus entry, suggesting that after internalization JEV moves to early and recycling endosomes before the release of the viral genome. Our findings demonstrate the roles of Rab5 and Rab11 on JEV infection of BHK-21 cells through the endocytic pathway, providing new insights into the life cycle of flaviviruses.IMPORTANCE Although Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) utilizes different endocytic pathways depending on the cell type being infected, the detailed mechanism of its entry into BHK-21 cells is unknown. Understanding the process of JEV endocytosis and postinternalization will advance our knowledge of JEV infection and pathogenesis as well as provide potential novel drug targets for antiviral intervention. With this objective, we used systematic approaches to dissect this process. The results show that entry of JEV into BHK-21 cells requires a low-pH environment and that the process occurs through dynamin-, actin-, and cholesterol-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis that requires Rab5 and Rab11. Our work provides a detailed picture of the entry of JEV into BHK-21 cells and the cellular events that follow.
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30
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余 健, 刘 旭, 刘 雨, 何 晓, 惠 媛, 张 宝, 朱 利, 赵 卫. [Three-dimensional morphology of C6/36 cells infected by dengue virus: a study based on digital holographic microscopy]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:301-307. [PMID: 28377343 PMCID: PMC6780445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To monitor the 3-dimensional (3D) morphological changes of C6/36 cells during dengue virus (DENV) infection using a live-cell imaging technique based on digital holographic microscopy and provide clues for better understanding the mechanisms of DENV infection. METHODS C6/36 cells were seeded in 6-well plates to determine the optimal imaging density under a holographic cell imager, and the morphological changes of the cells were recorded in response to a culture temperature change from 28 degrees celsius; to 37 degrees celsius; C6/36 cells were infected with 4 DENV strains with different serotypes at 28 degrees celsius; and incubated at 37 degrees celsius; for 24 h, and the 3D holograms and relevant morphological parameters were recorded at different time points using HoloMonitor M4 holographic cell imaging and analysis system. RESULTS The holograms of C6/36 cells inoculated at the optimal density for imaging (4×105 per well) showed unified 3D morphologies of the single cells with minimal dispersions in the cell area, thickness and volume (P<0.05), which did not undergo obvious changes when the cells were incubated at 37 degrees celsius; for 24 h (P>0.05). The cell area and volume of the cells infected with the 4 DENV strains all increased and the cell thickness was reduced during incubation. Among the 4 strains, DENV-1 and DENV-2 caused reduced cell thickness while DENV-3 and DENV-4 increased the cell thickness, and the pattern and degree of such changes differ among the 4 strains. CONCLUSIONS Digital holographic microscopy allows monitoring of the complex morphological changes of cells during DENV infection. The 4 DENV strains with different serotypes causes characteristic cell damages during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- 健海 余
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 旭玲 刘
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 雨菁 刘
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓恩 何
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 媛 惠
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 宝 张
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 利 朱
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 卫 赵
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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31
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余 健, 刘 旭, 刘 雨, 何 晓, 惠 媛, 张 宝, 朱 利, 赵 卫. [Three-dimensional morphology of C6/36 cells infected by dengue virus: a study based on digital holographic microscopy]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:301-307. [PMID: 28377343 PMCID: PMC6780445 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To monitor the 3-dimensional (3D) morphological changes of C6/36 cells during dengue virus (DENV) infection using a live-cell imaging technique based on digital holographic microscopy and provide clues for better understanding the mechanisms of DENV infection. METHODS C6/36 cells were seeded in 6-well plates to determine the optimal imaging density under a holographic cell imager, and the morphological changes of the cells were recorded in response to a culture temperature change from 28 degrees celsius; to 37 degrees celsius; C6/36 cells were infected with 4 DENV strains with different serotypes at 28 degrees celsius; and incubated at 37 degrees celsius; for 24 h, and the 3D holograms and relevant morphological parameters were recorded at different time points using HoloMonitor M4 holographic cell imaging and analysis system. RESULTS The holograms of C6/36 cells inoculated at the optimal density for imaging (4×105 per well) showed unified 3D morphologies of the single cells with minimal dispersions in the cell area, thickness and volume (P<0.05), which did not undergo obvious changes when the cells were incubated at 37 degrees celsius; for 24 h (P>0.05). The cell area and volume of the cells infected with the 4 DENV strains all increased and the cell thickness was reduced during incubation. Among the 4 strains, DENV-1 and DENV-2 caused reduced cell thickness while DENV-3 and DENV-4 increased the cell thickness, and the pattern and degree of such changes differ among the 4 strains. CONCLUSIONS Digital holographic microscopy allows monitoring of the complex morphological changes of cells during DENV infection. The 4 DENV strains with different serotypes causes characteristic cell damages during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- 健海 余
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 旭玲 刘
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 雨菁 刘
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓恩 何
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 媛 惠
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 宝 张
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 利 朱
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 卫 赵
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院三级生物安全实验室,广东 广州 510515Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Huang GH, Shan H, Li D, Zhou B, Pang PF. MiR-199a-5p suppresses tumorigenesis by targeting clathrin heavy chain in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:98-104. [PMID: 28261837 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is frequently associated with a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the expression and possible role of miR-199a-5p in HCC. The expression of miR-199a-5p was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in HCC. The effect of miR-199a-5p was evaluated by cell viability and colony formation assays in HCC cell lines and tumor cell growth assay in xenograft nude mice. Quantitative real time PCR results showed that miR-199a-5p was down-regulated in 77.9 % (67/86) of HCC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. MiR-199a-5p mimic reduced cell viability and colony formation by induction of cell arrest in HCC cell lines and inhibited tumor cell growth in xenograft nude mice, but miR-199a-5p inhibitor increased cell viability and colony formation in HCC cell lines and tumor cell growth in xenograft nude mice. Furthermore, CLTC was defined as a potential direct target of miR-199a-5p by MiRanda and TargetScan predictions. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay results showed that CLTC was a direct target of miR-199a-5p. The use of miR-199a-5p mimic or inhibitor could decrease or increase CLTC protein levels in HCC cell lines. We conclude that the frequently down-regulated miR-199a-5p can regulate CLTC and might function as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Therefore, miR-199a-5p may serve as a useful therapeutic agent for miRNA-based HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Pang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Interventional Radiology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Al-Bari MAA. Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00293. [PMID: 28596841 PMCID: PMC5461643 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses such as HIV, dengue, influenza A, SARS coronavirus, Ebola, and other viruses pose a significant threat to human health. Majority of these viruses are responsible for the outbreaks of pathogenic lethal infections. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies available for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections. Chloroquine analogs have been used for decades as the primary and most successful drugs against malaria. Concomitant with the emergence of chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium strains and a subsequent decrease in the use as antimalarial drugs, other applications of the analogs have been investigated. Since the analogs have interesting biochemical properties, these drugs are found to be effective against a wide variety of viral infections. As antiviral action, the analogs have been shown to inhibit acidification of endosome during the events of replication and infection. Moreover, immunomodulatory effects of analogs have been beneficial to patients with severe inflammatory complications of several viral diseases. Interestingly, one of the successful targeting strategies is the inhibition of HIV replication by the analogs in vitro which are being tested in several clinical trials. This review focuses on the potentialities of chloroquine analogs for the treatment of endosomal low pH dependent emerging viral diseases.
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34
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The flavivirus capsid protein: Structure, function and perspectives towards drug design. Virus Res 2017; 227:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Caldas LA, Soares LL, Henrique Seabra S, Attias M, de Souza W. Monitoring of dynamin during the Toxoplasma gondii cell cycle. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw108. [PMID: 27811048 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii actively invades virtually all warm-blooded nucleated cells. This process results in a non-fusogenic vacuole, inside which the parasites replicate continuously until egress signaling is triggered. In this work, we investigated the role of the large GTPase dynamin in the interaction of T. gondii with the host cell by using laser and electron microscopy during three key stages: invasion, development and egress. The detection of dynamin during invasion indicates the occurrence of endocytosis, while T. gondii egress appeared to be independent of dynamin participation. However, the presence of dynamin during T. gondii development suggests that this molecule plays undescribed roles in the tachyzoite's cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Ayres Caldas
- Instituto de Biofí-sica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leandro Lemgruber Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Normalizacao e Qualidade Industrial, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sergio Henrique Seabra
- Microbiologia, UEZO, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Marcia Attias
- Instituto de Biofí-sica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Instituto de Biofí-sica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Acosta EG, Bartenschlager R. The quest for host targets to combat dengue virus infections. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 20:47-54. [PMID: 27648486 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a human threat of increasing importance. Although a tetravalent vaccine has been recently approved, owing to limited efficacy there is still an urgent need for antiviral drugs to prevent or treat DENV infections. Traditionally, antiviral drug discovery has focused on molecules targeting viral factors. However, thus far the identification of direct-acting antiviral drugs with potent DENV pan-serotypic activity has been problematic. An alternative are host-targeting antiviral drugs that hold great promise for broad-spectrum activity. In this review, we summarize cellular factors and pathways required by DENV for efficient replication and in principle suitable for antiviral therapy, including host-directed inhibitors that have even been advanced into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana G Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-site Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ayala-Nunez NV, Hoornweg TE, van de Pol DPI, Sjollema KA, Flipse J, van der Schaar HM, Smit JM. How antibodies alter the cell entry pathway of dengue virus particles in macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28768. [PMID: 27385443 PMCID: PMC4935958 DOI: 10.1038/srep28768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus (DENV) infection plays an important role in the exacerbation of DENV-induced disease. To understand how antibodies influence the fate of DENV particles, we explored the cell entry pathway of DENV in the absence and presence of antibodies in macrophage-like P388D1 cells. Recent studies unraveled that both mature and immature DENV particles contribute to ADE, hence, both particles were studied. We observed that antibody-opsonized DENV enters P388D1 cells through a different pathway than non-opsonized DENV. Antibody-mediated DENV entry was dependent on FcγRs, pH, Eps15, dynamin, actin, PI3K, Rab5, and Rab7. In the absence of antibodies, DENV cell entry was FcγR, PI3K, and Rab5-independent. Live-cell imaging of fluorescently-labeled particles revealed that actin-mediated membrane protrusions facilitate virus uptake. In fact, actin protrusions were found to actively search and capture antibody-bound virus particles distantly located from the cell body, a phenomenon that is not observed in the absence of antibodies. Overall, similar results were seen for antibody-opsonized standard and antibody-bound immature DENV preparations, indicating that the maturation status of the virus does not control the entry pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that antibodies alter the cell entry pathway of DENV and trigger a novel mechanism of initial virus-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda V Ayala-Nunez
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tabitha E Hoornweg
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise P I van de Pol
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas A Sjollema
- Dept. of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacky Flipse
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde M van der Schaar
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases &Immunology, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Velandia-Romero ML, Calderón-Peláez MA, Castellanos JE. In Vitro Infection with Dengue Virus Induces Changes in the Structure and Function of the Mouse Brain Endothelium. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157786. [PMID: 27336851 PMCID: PMC4919088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neurological manifestations of dengue disease are occurring with greater frequency, and currently, no information is available regarding the reasons for this phenomenon. Some viruses infect and/or alter the function of endothelial organs, which results in changes in cellular function, including permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which allows the entry of infected cells or free viral particles into the nervous system. Methods In the present study, we standardized two in vitro models, a polarized monolayer of mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs) and an organized co-culture containing MBECs and astrocytes. Using these cell models, we assessed whether DENV-4 or the neuro-adapted dengue virus (D4MB-6) variant infects cells or induces changes in the structure or function of the endothelial barrier. Results The results showed that MBECs, but not astrocytes, were susceptible to infection with both viruses, although the percentage of infected cells was higher when the neuro-adapted virus variant was used. In both culture systems, DENV infection changed the localization of the tight junction proteins Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and Claudin-1 (Cln1), and this process was associated with a decrease in transendothelial resistance, an increase in macromolecule permeability and an increase in the paracellular passing of free virus particles. MBEC infection led to transcriptional up-regulation of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and PECAM) and immune mediators (MCP-1 and TNF- α) that are associated with immune cell transmigration, mainly in D4MB-6-infected cells. Conclusion These results indicate that DENV infection in MBECs altered the structure and function of the BBB and activated the endothelium, affecting its transcellular and paracellular permeability and favoring the passage of viruses and the transmigration of immune cells. This phenomenon can be harnessed for neurotropic and neurovirulent strains to infect and induce alterations in the CNS.
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