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Yi Y, Wang T, Xu W, Zhang SH. Epigenetic modifications of placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:378-391. [PMID: 38591094 PMCID: PMC10999040 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal development. As a bridge between the mother and the fetus, the placenta has nutrient transport functions, endocrine functions, etc., and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic status. Only by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the fetus. There are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM, the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring, and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after birth. Placental epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, China
| | - San-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Xiantao First People’s Hospital, Xiantao 433000, Hubei Province, China
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Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Mas-Parés B, Carreras-Badosa G, Bonmatí-Santané A, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, Niubó-Pallàs M, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A, Bassols J. DNA Methylation Signatures in Paired Placenta and Umbilical Cord Samples: Relationship with Maternal Pregestational Body Mass Index and Offspring Metabolic Outcomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:301. [PMID: 38397903 PMCID: PMC10886657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An epigenomic approach was used to study the impact of maternal pregestational body mass index (BMI) on the placenta and umbilical cord methylomes and their potential effect on the offspring's metabolic phenotype. DNA methylome was assessed in 24 paired placenta and umbilical cord samples. The differentially methylated CpGs associated with maternal pregestational BMI were identified and the metabolic pathways and the potentially related diseases affected by their annotated genes were determined. Two top differentially methylated CpGs were studied in 90 additional samples and the relationship with the offspring's metabolic phenotype was determined. The results showed that maternal pregestational BMI is associated with the methylation of genes involved in endocrine and developmental pathways with potential effects on type 2 diabetes and obesity. The methylation and expression of HADHA and SLC2A8 genes in placenta and umbilical cord were related to several metabolic parameters in the offspring at 6 years (weight SDS, height SDS, BMI SDS, Δ BW-BMI SDS, FM SDS, waist, SBP, TG, HOMA-IR, perirenal fat; all p < 0.05). Our data suggest that epigenetic analysis in placenta and umbilical cord may be useful for identifying individual vulnerability to later metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gómez-Vilarrubla
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras-Badosa
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Niubó-Pallàs
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children’s Hospital, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain
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Thornton JM, Shah NM, Lillycrop KA, Cui W, Johnson MR, Singh N. Multigenerational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1245899. [PMID: 38288471 PMCID: PMC10822950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) changes the maternal metabolic and uterine environment, thus increasing the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Children of mothers who have GDM during their pregnancy are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), early-onset cardiovascular disease and GDM when they themselves become pregnant, perpetuating a multigenerational increased risk of metabolic disease. The negative effect of GDM is exacerbated by maternal obesity, which induces a greater derangement of fetal adipogenesis and growth. Multiple factors, including genetic, epigenetic and metabolic, which interact with lifestyle factors and the environment, are likely to contribute to the development of GDM. Genetic factors are particularly important, with 30% of women with GDM having at least one parent with T2D. Fetal epigenetic modifications occur in response to maternal GDM, and may mediate both multi- and transgenerational risk. Changes to the maternal metabolome in GDM are primarily related to fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and insulin resistance. These might be effective early biomarkers allowing the identification of women at risk of GDM prior to the development of hyperglycaemia. The impact of the intra-uterine environment on the developing fetus, "developmental programming", has a multisystem effect, but its influence on adipogenesis is particularly important as it will determine baseline insulin sensitivity, and the response to future metabolic challenges. Identifying the critical window of metabolic development and developing effective interventions are key to our ability to improve population metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Thornton
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishel M. Shah
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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M N N, J K, S R S, Raavi V. Methylation Status of IGF-Axis Genes in the Placenta of South Indian Neonates with Appropriate and Small for Gestational Age. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:5-20. [PMID: 37975569 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2280660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered methylation patterns of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis genes in small for gestational age (SGA) have been reported in different populations. In the present study, we analyzed the methylation status of IGF-axis genes in the placenta of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and SGA neonates of South Indian women. METHODS Placental samples were collected from AGA (n = 40) and SAG (n = 40) neonates. The methylation of IGF-axis genes promoter was analyzed using MS-PCR. RESULTS IGF2, H19, IGF1, and IGFR1 genes promoter methylation was 2.5, 1.5, 5, and 7.5% lower in SGA compared to AGA, respectively. Co-methylation of IGF-axis genes promoter was 40% and 20% in AGA and SGA, respectively. IGF-axis gene promoter methylation significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the levels of IGFBP3 protein, birth weight, mitotic index, gestational weeks, and IGFR1 and IGFR2 gene expression. CONCLUSION IGF-axis genes methylation was lower in SGA than in AGA, and the methylation significantly influenced the IGF-axis components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya M N
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnappa J
- Department of Paediatrics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheela S R
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Argentato PP, Marchesi JAP, Dejani NN, Nakandakare PY, Teles LDFDS, Batista LPR, Leitão MPC, Luzia LA, Ramos ES, Rondó PH. The relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression on offspring growth and body composition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170411. [PMID: 37810933 PMCID: PMC10552537 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Imprinted genes are important for the offspring development. To assess the relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression and offspring growth and body composition. Methods Thirty-nine overweight/obese and 25 normal weight pregnant women were selected from the "Araraquara Cohort Study" according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. Fetal growth and body composition and newborn growth were assessed, respectively, by ultrasound and anthropometry. The methylation of H19DMR in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal decidua and placental villi tissues was evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease qPCR, and H19 and IGF2 expression by relative real-time PCR quantification. Multiple linear regression models explored the associations of DNA methylation and gene expression with maternal, fetal, and newborn parameters. Results H19DMR was less methylated in maternal blood of the overweight/obese group. There were associations of H19DMR methylation in cord blood with centiles of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and newborn head circumference (HC); H19DMR methylation in maternal decidua with fetal occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), HC, and length; H19DMR methylation in placental villi with fetal OFD, HC and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and with newborn HC. H19 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and femur length centiles and in placental villi with fetal OFD and subcutaneous arm fat. IGF2 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and in placental villi with fetal OFD. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate associations of imprinted genes variations at the maternal-fetal interface of the placenta and in cord blood with fetal body composition, supporting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in offspring growth and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pizzi Argentato
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Naiara Naiana Dejani
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Helen Rondó
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kadam I, Dalloul M, Hausser J, Huntley M, Hoepner L, Fordjour L, Hittelman J, Saxena A, Liu J, Futterman ID, Minkoff H, Jiang X. Associations between nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and fetal DNA methylation in pregnancies with or without gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:137. [PMID: 37633918 PMCID: PMC10464204 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by hyperglycemia that develops during pregnancy, increases the risk of fetal macrosomia, childhood obesity and cardiometabolic disorders later in life. This process has been attributed partly to DNA methylation modifications in growth and stress-related pathways. Nutrients involved with one-carbon metabolism (OCM), such as folate, choline, betaine, and vitamin B12, provide methyl groups for DNA methylation of these pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether maternal OCM nutrient intakes and levels modified fetal DNA methylation and in turn altered fetal growth patterns in pregnancies with and without GDM. RESULTS In this prospective study at a single academic institution from September 2016 to June 2019, we recruited 76 pregnant women with and without GDM at 25-33 weeks gestational age and assessed their OCM nutrient intake by diet recalls and measured maternal blood OCM nutrient levels. We also collected placenta and cord blood samples at delivery to examine fetal tissue DNA methylation of the genes that modify fetal growth and stress response such as insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). We analyzed the association between maternal OCM nutrients and fetal DNA methylation using a generalized linear mixed model. Our results demonstrated that maternal choline intake was positively correlated with cord blood CRH methylation levels in both GDM and non-GDM pregnancies (r = 0.13, p = 0.007). Further, the downstream stress hormone cortisol regulated by CRH was inversely associated with maternal choline intake (r = - 0.36, p = 0.021). Higher maternal betaine intake and serum folate levels were associated with lower cord blood and placental IGF2 DNA methylation (r = - 0.13, p = 0.049 and r = - 0.065, p = 0.034, respectively) in both GDM and non-GDM pregnancies. Further, there was an inverse association between maternal betaine intake and birthweight of infants (r = - 0.28, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we observed a complex interrelationship between maternal OCM nutrients and fetal DNA methylation levels regardless of GDM status, which may, epigenetically, program molecular pathways related to fetal growth and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma'il Kadam
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Jeanette Hausser
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Monique Huntley
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Lawrence Fordjour
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Joan Hittelman
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Anjana Saxena
- Departments of Biology, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the CUNY, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Itamar D Futterman
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
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Lopez-Tello J, Yong HEJ, Sandovici I, Dowsett GKC, Christoforou ER, Salazar-Petres E, Boyland R, Napso T, Yeo GSH, Lam BYH, Constancia M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Fetal manipulation of maternal metabolism is a critical function of the imprinted Igf2 gene. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1195-1208.e6. [PMID: 37437545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-offspring interactions in mammals involve both cooperation and conflict. The fetus has evolved ways to manipulate maternal physiology to enhance placental nutrient transfer, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The imprinted Igf2 gene is highly expressed in murine placental endocrine cells. Here, we show that Igf2 deletion in these cells impairs placental endocrine signaling to the mother, without affecting placental morphology. Igf2 controls placental hormone production, including prolactins, and is crucial to establish pregnancy-related insulin resistance and to partition nutrients to the fetus. Consequently, fetuses lacking placental endocrine Igf2 are growth restricted and hypoglycemic. Mechanistically, Igf2 controls protein synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis, actions dependent on the placental endocrine cell type. Igf2 loss also has additional long-lasting effects on offspring metabolism in adulthood. Our study provides compelling evidence for an intrinsic fetal manipulation system operating in placenta that modifies maternal metabolism and fetal resource allocation, with long-term consequences for offspring metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Efthimia R Christoforou
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Rebecca Boyland
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Trust, Barrack Rd, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Miguel Constancia
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK.
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Musa E, Salazar-Petres E, Arowolo A, Levitt N, Matjila M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Obesity and gestational diabetes independently and collectively induce specific effects on placental structure, inflammation and endocrine function in a cohort of South African women. J Physiol 2023; 601:1287-1306. [PMID: 36849131 DOI: 10.1113/jp284139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with insulin resistance and health risks for mother and offspring. Obesity is also characterized by low-grade inflammation, which in turn, impacts insulin sensitivity. The placenta secretes inflammatory cytokines and hormones that influence maternal glucose and insulin handling. However, little is known about the effect of maternal obesity, GDM and their interaction, on placental morphology, hormones and inflammatory cytokines. In a South African cohort of non-obese and obese pregnant women with and without GDM, this study examined placental morphology using stereology, placental hormone and cytokine expression using real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and circulating TNFα and IL-6 concentrations using ELISA. Placental expression of endocrine and growth factor genes was not altered by obesity or GDM. However, LEPTIN gene expression was diminished, syncytiotrophoblast TNFα immunostaining elevated and stromal and fetal vessel IL-6 staining reduced in the placenta of obese women in a manner that was partly influenced by GDM status. Placental TNFα protein abundance and maternal circulating TNFα concentrations were reduced in GDM. Both maternal obesity and, to a lesser extent, GDM were accompanied by specific changes in placental morphometry. Maternal blood pressure and weight gain and infant ponderal index were also modified by obesity and/or GDM. Thus, obesity and GDM have specific impacts on placental morphology and endocrine and inflammatory states that may relate to pregnancy outcomes. These findings may contribute to developing placenta-targeted treatments that improve mother and offspring outcomes, which is particularly relevant given increasing rates of obesity and GDM worldwide. KEY POINTS: Rates of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are increasing worldwide, including in low-middle income countries (LMIC). Despite this, much of the work in the field is conducted in higher-income countries. In a well-characterised cohort of South African women, this study shows that obesity and GDM have specific impacts on placental structure, hormone production and inflammatory profile. Moreover, such placental changes were associated with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women who were obese and/or with GDM. The identification of specific changes in the placenta may help in the design of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with particular significant benefit in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Musa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Esteban Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naomi Levitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mushi Matjila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Stoccoro A, Nicolì V, Coppedè F, Grossi E, Fedrizzi G, Menotta S, Lorenzoni F, Caretto M, Carmignani A, Pistolesi S, Burgio E, Fanos V, Migliore L. Prenatal Environmental Stressors and DNA Methylation Levels in Placenta and Peripheral Tissues of Mothers and Neonates Evaluated by Applying Artificial Neural Networks. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040836. [PMID: 37107594 PMCID: PMC10138241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental stressors during pregnancy plays an important role in influencing subsequent susceptibility to certain chronic diseases through the modulation of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Our aim was to explore the connections between environmental exposures during gestation with DNA methylation of placental cells, maternal and neonatal buccal cells by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs). A total of 28 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. Data on gestational exposure to adverse environmental factors and on mother health status were collected through the administration of a questionnaire. DNA methylation analyses at both gene-specific and global level were analyzed in placentas, maternal and neonatal buccal cells. In the placenta, the concentrations of various metals and dioxins were also analyzed. Analysis of ANNs revealed that suboptimal birth weight is associated with placental H19 methylation, maternal stress during pregnancy with methylation levels of NR3C1 and BDNF in placentas and mother's buccal DNA, respectively, and exposure to air pollutants with maternal MGMT methylation. Associations were also observed between placental concentrations of lead, chromium, cadmium and mercury with methylation levels of OXTR in placentas, HSD11B2 in maternal buccal cells and placentas, MECP2 in neonatal buccal cells, and MTHFR in maternal buccal cells. Furthermore, dioxin concentrations were associated with placental RELN, neonatal HSD11B2 and maternal H19 gene methylation levels. Current results suggest that exposure of pregnant women to environmental stressors during pregnancy could induce aberrant methylation levels in genes linked to several pathways important for embryogenesis in both the placenta, potentially affecting foetal development, and in the peripheral tissues of mothers and infants, potentially providing peripheral biomarkers of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta Menotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Caretto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Carmignani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabina Pistolesi
- First Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Ren J, Jin H, Zhu Y. The Role of Placental Non-Coding RNAs in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055030. [PMID: 36902459 PMCID: PMC10003511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genome and do not encode proteins. In recent years, ncRNAs have attracted increasing attention as critical participants in gene regulation and disease pathogenesis. Different categories of ncRNAs, which mainly include microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in the progression of pregnancy, while abnormal expression of placental ncRNAs impacts the onset and development of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Therefore, we reviewed the current status of research on placental ncRNAs and APOs to further understand the regulatory mechanisms of placental ncRNAs, which provides a new perspective for treating and preventing related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Ren
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Heyue Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zhang Q, Qin S, Huai J, Yang H, Wei Y. Overexpression of IGF2 affects mouse weight and glycolipid metabolism and IGF2 is positively related to macrosomia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1030453. [PMID: 37152930 PMCID: PMC10154688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) on growth and glycolipid metabolism, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods A mouse model of IGF2 overexpression was constructed to measure weight gain before adulthood, to obtain the values of adult glycolipid metabolism indicators in the peripheral blood and to detect the expression of genes in the IGF2 signaling pathway in different mouse tissues. The present study also explored the independent association between the IGF2 gene and macrosomia by detecting and comparing the expression levels of IGF2 mRNA/H19 RNA in maternal peripheral blood and fetal cord blood of 26 human pregnancies. Results In the mouse model, weights of the IGF2-overexpressing mice were significantly higher than those of the control mice at the age of 5-10 weeks. The glucose concentration, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels of IGF2-overexpressing mice were significantly lower than those of wild-type (WT) mice. Compared with the WT mice, the expression of H19 was significantly decreased in the pancreas and IGF1R was significantly decreased in the muscle of mice with IGF2 overexpression. The expression levels of STAT3 and AKT2 showed significant decrease in liver, muscle and increase in muscle of IGF2-overexpressing mice, respectively. GLUT2 expression showed significant increase in liver, kidney, muscle and decrease in pancreas of mice with IGF2 overexpression. This study also found that in normal mothers with the similar clinical characteristics, IGF2 expression in the maternal peripheral blood and fetal cord blood is an independent factor influencing macrosomia. Conclusion IGF2 expression was independently correlated with the occurrence of macrosomia, and overexpression of IGF2 significantly increased the weights of mice at the age of 5-10 weeks and significantly affected the values of adult glycolipid metabolism indicators, which might be the result of changes in the IGF2-IGF1R-STAT3/AKT2-GLUT2/GLUT4 pathway. These findings might suggest that IGF2 plays an important role in growth and glycolipid metabolism during both pregnancy and postnatal development.
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12
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Žarković M, Hufsky F, Markert UR, Marz M. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Human Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091588. [PMID: 35563893 PMCID: PMC9104507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a central and regulatory role in almost all cells, organs, and species, which has been broadly recognized since the human ENCODE project and several other genome projects. Nevertheless, a small fraction of ncRNAs have been identified, and in the placenta they have been investigated very marginally. To date, most examples of ncRNAs which have been identified to be specific for fetal tissues, including placenta, are members of the group of microRNAs (miRNAs). Due to their quantity, it can be expected that the fairly larger group of other ncRNAs exerts far stronger effects than miRNAs. The syncytiotrophoblast of fetal origin forms the interface between fetus and mother, and releases permanently extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the maternal circulation which contain fetal proteins and RNA, including ncRNA, for communication with neighboring and distant maternal cells. Disorders of ncRNA in placental tissue, especially in trophoblast cells, and in EVs seem to be involved in pregnancy disorders, potentially as a cause or consequence. This review summarizes the current knowledge on placental ncRNA, their transport in EVs, and their involvement and pregnancy pathologies, as well as their potential for novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Žarković
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Franziska Hufsky
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Ž.); (F.H.)
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Aging Research Center (ARC), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes damage to major organs, including the heart, liver, brain, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels, threatening the health of the individuals. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs has important functions in the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac fibroblast phenotypes, hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Recently, H19, a lncRNA, has been reported to shown to participate in the regulatory process of muscle differentiation, glucose metabolism, and tumor metastasis, as well as endometrial development. However, the roles of H19 in DM were still not completely understood. This review was conducted to summarize the functions of H19 in diabetes and discuss the challenges and possible strategies of H19 in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bi
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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14
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Vaigauskaitė B, Baušytė R, Valatkaitė E, Skliutė G, Kazėnaitė E, Ramašauskaitė D, Navakauskienė R. Prognostic Gene Predictors of Gestational Diabetes in Endometrium and Follicular Fluid of Women after Infertility. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58040498. [PMID: 35454338 PMCID: PMC9025034 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives. Gestational diabetes mellitus is an increasingly diagnosed metabolic disorder during pregnancy with unknown pathological pathways. Taking into account the growing numbers of women who are conceiving after assisted reproductive technologies, they comprise an engaging target group for gestational diabetes mellitus etiopathogenesis research. In terms of metabolism and genetics, as the evidence shows, both unexplained infertility and gestational diabetes mellitus pose challenges for their interpretation due to the complex bodily processes. Materials and Methods. Our study examined the expression of genes (IGF2, GRB10, CRTC2, HMGA2, ESR1, DLK1, SLC6A15, GPT2, PLAGL1) associated with glucose metabolism in unexplained infertility patients who conceived after in vitro fertilization procedure, were diagnosed with GDM and their findings were compared with control population. Results. There were no significant differences in gene expression of endometrium stromal cells between healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes, although the significant downregulation of CRTC2 was observed in the follicular fluid of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Moreover, expression of HMGA2 and ESR1 was significantly reduced in FF cells when compared to endometrial cells. Conclusions. These findings may indicate about the importance of follicular fluid as an indicator for gestational diabetes and should be explored more by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Vaigauskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.B.); (E.V.); (G.S.); (R.N.)
- Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių St, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Raminta Baušytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.B.); (E.V.); (G.S.); (R.N.)
- Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių St, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Elvina Valatkaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.B.); (E.V.); (G.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Giedrė Skliutė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.B.); (E.V.); (G.S.); (R.N.)
| | - Edita Kazėnaitė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, Santariškių St, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Diana Ramašauskaitė
- Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškių St, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.B.); (E.V.); (G.S.); (R.N.)
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15
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Akhabir L, Stringer R, Desai D, Mandhane PJ, Azad MB, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Paré G, Anand SS, Anand SS, Atkinson SA, Azad MB, Becker AB, Brook J, Denburg JA, Desai D, de Souza RJ, Gupta M, Kobor M, Lefebvre DL, Lou W, Mandhane PJ, McDonald S, Mente A, Meyre D, Moraes TJ, Morrison K, Paré G, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Teo KK, Turvey SE, Wilson J, Yusuf S, Atkinson S, Wahi G, Zulyniak MA. DNA methylation changes in cord blood and the developmental origins of health and disease – a systematic review and replication study. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:221. [PMID: 35305575 PMCID: PMC8933946 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Environmental exposures in utero which modify DNA methylation may have a long-lasting impact on health and disease in offspring. We aimed to identify and replicate previously published genomic loci where DNA methylation changes are attributable to in utero exposures in the NutriGen birth cohort studies Alliance.
Methods
We reviewed the literature to identify differentially methylated sites of newborn DNA which are associated with the following five traits of interest maternal diabetes, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), diet during pregnancy, smoking, and gestational age. We then attempted to replicate these published associations in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) and the South Asian birth cohort (START) cord blood epigenome-wide data.
Results
We screened 68 full-text articles and identified a total of 17 cord blood epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of the traits of interest. Out of the 290 CpG sites reported, 19 were identified in more than one study; all of them associated with maternal smoking. In CHILD and START EWAS, thousands of sites associated with gestational age were identified and maintained significance after correction for multiple testing. In CHILD, there was differential methylation observed for 8 of the published maternal smoking sites. No other traits tested (i.e., folate levels, gestational diabetes, birthweight) replicated in the CHILD or START cohorts.
Conclusions
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and gestational age are strongly associated with differential methylation in offspring cord blood, as assessed in the EWAS literature and our birth cohorts. There are a limited number of reported methylation sites associated in more than two independent studies related to pregnancy. Additional large studies of diverse populations with fine phenotyping are needed to produce robust epigenome-wide data in order to further elucidate the effect of intrauterine exposures on the infants’ methylome.
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16
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Yuan Y, Li Y, Hu L, Wen J. Exosomal RNA Expression Profiles and Their Prediction Performance in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Macrosomia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:864971. [PMID: 35547007 PMCID: PMC9082313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.864971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many biological fluids. Exosomal RNAs in cord blood may allow intercellular communication between mother and fetus. We aimed to establish exosomal RNA expression profiles in cord blood from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia (GDM-M) and evaluate their prediction performance. METHODS We used microarray technology to establish the differential messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in cord blood exosomes from 3 patients with GDM-M compared with 3 patients with GDM and normal neonatal weight, followed by qPCR validation in an additional 40 patients with GDM. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and graphical nomogram were applied to evaluate the performance of exosomal RNA (in peripheral blood) in macrosomia prediction. RESULTS A total of 98 mRNAs, 372 lncRNAs, and 452 circRNAs were differentially expressed in cord blood exosomes from patients with GDM-M. Pathway analysis based on screening data showed that the differential genes were associated with Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3acK)-Akt signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway, insulin resistance, glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. After validation by qPCR, the expressions of GDF3, PROM1, AC006064.4, lnc-HPS6-1:1, and circ_0014635 were significantly increased and the expression of lnc-ZFHX3-7:1 was significantly decreased in cord blood exosomes of an additional 20 patients with GDM-M. The risk prediction performance of the expression of these validated genes (in peripheral blood exosomes) for GDM-related macrosomia was also evaluated. Only GDF3 expression and AC006064.4 expression showed well prediction performance [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78 and 0.74, respectively]. Excitingly, the model including maternal age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, GDF3 expression, and AC006064.4 expression in peripheral blood exosomes had better prediction performance with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.75-0.97). CONCLUSION These results showed that exosomal RNAs are aberrantly expressed in the cord blood of patients with GDM-M and highlighted the importance of exosomal RNAs in peripheral blood for GDM-M prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang (Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University), Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingmin Hu
- Department of Reproduction, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingmin Hu, ; Juan Wen,
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingmin Hu, ; Juan Wen,
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17
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Aykroyd BRL, Tunster SJ, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Loss of imprinting of the Igf2-H19 ICR1 enhances placental endocrine capacity via sex-specific alterations in signalling pathways in the mouse. Development 2022; 149:dev199811. [PMID: 34982814 PMCID: PMC8783045 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Imprinting control region (ICR1) controls the expression of the Igf2 and H19 genes in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Appropriate expression of the Igf2-H19 locus is fundamental for normal fetal development, yet the importance of ICR1 in the placental production of hormones that promote maternal nutrient allocation to the fetus is unknown. To address this, we used a novel mouse model to selectively delete ICR1 in the endocrine junctional zone (Jz) of the mouse placenta (Jz-ΔICR1). The Jz-ΔICR1 mice exhibit increased Igf2 and decreased H19 expression specifically in the Jz. This was accompanied by an expansion of Jz endocrine cell types due to enhanced rates of proliferation and increased expression of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 23 in the placenta of both fetal sexes. However, changes in the endocrine phenotype of the placenta were related to sexually-dimorphic alterations to the abundance of Igf2 receptors and downstream signalling pathways (Pi3k-Akt and Mapk). There was no effect of Jz-ΔICR1 on the expression of targets of the H19-embedded miR-675 or on fetal weight. Our results demonstrate that ICR1 controls placental endocrine capacity via sex-dependent changes in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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18
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Joyce BT, Liu H, Wang L, Wang J, Zheng Y, Nannini D, Drong A, Shiau S, Li W, Leng J, Shen Y, Gao R, Baccarelli A, Hu G, Hou L. Novel epigenetic link between gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1221-1230. [PMID: 34337972 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Examine maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), macrosomia and DNA methylation in candidate genes IGF1, IGF2, H19, ARHGRF11, MEST, NR3C1, ADIPOQ and RETN. Materials & methods: A total of 1145 children (572 GDM cases and 573 controls) from the Tianjin GDM study, including 177 with macrosomia, had blood DNA collection at median age 5.9 (range: 3.1-10.0). We used logistic regression to screen for associations with GDM and model macrosomia on 37 CpGs, and performed mediation analysis. Results: One CpG was associated with macrosomia at false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 (cg14428359 in MEST); two (cg19466922 in MEST and cg26263166 in IGF2) were associated at p < 0.05 but mediated 26 and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: MEST and IGF2 were previously identified for potential involvement in fetal growth and development (Trial Registration number: NCT01554358 [ClinicalTrials.gov]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Joyce
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's & Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's & Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Drew Nannini
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alex Drong
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's & Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's & Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Kuai L, Jiang JS, Li W, Li B, Yin SY. Long non-coding RNAs in diabetic wound healing: Current research and clinical relevance. Int Wound J 2021; 19:583-600. [PMID: 34337861 PMCID: PMC8874090 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are a protracted complication of diabetes mainly characterised by chronic inflammation, obstruction of epithelialization, damaged blood vessels and collagen production (maturation), as well as neuropathy. As a non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) that lack coding potential, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been reported to play a salient role in diabetic wound healing. Here, this review summarises the roles of lncRNAs in the pathology and treatments of diabetic wounds, providing references for its potential clinical diagnostic criteria or therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Si Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Yi Yin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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20
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Napso T, Zhao X, Lligoña MI, Sandovici I, Kay RG, George AL, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Meek CL, Hamilton RS, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Placental secretome characterization identifies candidates for pregnancy complications. Commun Biol 2021; 4:701. [PMID: 34103657 PMCID: PMC8187406 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in maternal physiological adaptation during pregnancy lead to complications, including abnormal birthweight and gestational diabetes. Maternal adaptations are driven by placental hormones, although the full identity of these is lacking. This study unbiasedly characterized the secretory output of mouse placental endocrine cells and examined whether these data could identify placental hormones important for determining pregnancy outcome in humans. Secretome and cell peptidome analyses were performed on cultured primary trophoblast and fluorescence-activated sorted endocrine trophoblasts from mice and a placental secretome map was generated. Proteins secreted from the placenta were detectable in the circulation of mice and showed a higher relative abundance in pregnancy. Bioinformatic analyses showed that placental secretome proteins are involved in metabolic, immune and growth modulation, are largely expressed by human placenta and several are dysregulated in pregnancy complications. Moreover, proof-of-concept studies found that secreted placental proteins (sFLT1/MIF and ANGPT2/MIF ratios) were increased in women prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Thus, placental secretome analysis could lead to the identification of new placental biomarkers of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta Ibañez Lligoña
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy L George
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Meek
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen C, Jiang Y, Yan T, Chen Y, Yang M, Lv M, Xi F, Lu J, Zhao B, Luo Q. Placental maternally expressed gene 3 differentially methylated region methylation profile is associated with maternal glucose concentration and newborn birthweight. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1074-1082. [PMID: 33090678 PMCID: PMC8169366 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence shows that epigenetic modifications occurring during fetal development in response to intrauterine exposures could be one of the mechanisms involved in the early determinants of adult metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether the placental maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile is associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus status and newborn birthweight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples for measurement were collected from 23 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy controls. MEG3 gene expression and DNA methylation levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and MethylTargetTM, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine associations between placental DNA methylation levels and clinical variables of interest. The associated results were adjusted by multivariate linear regression for maternal age, body mass index, height, gestational age and newborn sex as confounders. RESULTS We found that the DNA methylation levels in the MEG3 differentially methylated region were significantly different between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups on the maternal side of the placenta (40.64 ± 2.15 vs 38.33 ± 2.92; P = 0.004). Furthermore, the mean MEG3 DNA methylation levels were correlated positively with maternal fasting glucose concentrations (R = 0.603, P < 0.001) and newborn birthweight (R = 0.568, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The placental DNA methylation status in the MEG3 differentially methylated region was correlated with maternal glucose concentrations and newborn birthweight. These epigenetic adaptations might contribute to late-onset obesity, underlining the adverse intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ting Yan
- Jinhua Municipal Central HospitalJinhuaChina
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Min Lv
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Fangfang Xi
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Juefei Lu
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Baihui Zhao
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of ObstetricsWomen’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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22
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Zhang TN, Wang W, Huang XM, Gao SY. Non-Coding RNAs and Extracellular Vehicles: Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:664287. [PMID: 34093439 PMCID: PMC8173208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.664287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. GDM has a considerable impact on health outcomes of the mother and offspring during pregnancy, delivery, and beyond. Although the exact mechanism regarding GDM remains unclear, numerous studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, were involved in the pathogenesis of GDM in which they played vital regulatory roles. Additionally, several studies have revealed that extracellular vehicles also participated in the pathogenesis of GDM, highlighting their important role in this disease. Considering the lack of effective biomarkers for the early identification of and specific treatment for GDM, non-coding RNAs and extracellular vehicles may be promising biomarkers and even targets for GDM therapies. This review provides an update on our understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs and extracellular vehicles in GDM. As our understanding of the function of lncRNAs and extracellular vehicles improves, the future appears promising for their use as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for GDM in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Mei Huang, ; Shan-Yan Gao,
| | - Shan-Yan Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Mei Huang, ; Shan-Yan Gao,
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23
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Jasinska AJ, Rostamian D, Davis AT, Kavanagh K. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cell-free Fetal RNA in the Amniotic Fluid of Vervet Monkeys ( Chlorocebus sabaeus). Comp Med 2020; 70:67-74. [PMID: 31969210 PMCID: PMC7024774 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NHP are important translational models for understanding the genomic underpinnings of growth, development, fetal programming, and predisposition to disease, with potential for the development of early health biomarkers. Understanding how prenatal gene expression is linked to pre- and postnatal health and development requires methods for assessing the fetal transcriptome. Here we used RNAseq methodology to analyze the expression of cell-free fetal RNA in the amniotic fluid supernatant (AFS) of vervet monkeys. Despite the naturally high level of degradation of free-floating RNA, we detected more than 10,000 gene transcripts in vervet AFS. The most highly expressed genes were H19, IGF2, and TPT1, which are involved in embryonic growth and glycemic health. We noted global similarities in expression profiles between vervets and humans, with genes involved in embryonic growth and glycemic health among the genes most highly expressed in AFS. Our study demonstrates both the feasibility and usefulness of prenatal transcriptomic profiles, by using amniocentesis procedures to obtain AFS and cell-free fetal RNA from pregnant vervets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland;,
| | - Dalar Rostamian
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley T Davis
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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24
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Stress During Pregnancy and Epigenetic Modifications to Offspring DNA: A Systematic Review of Associations and Implications for Preterm Birth. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:134-145. [PMID: 32332443 PMCID: PMC7185032 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Offspring born preterm (ie, before 37 weeks of gestation) are more likely to die or experience long-standing illness than full-term offspring. Maternal genetic variants (ie, heritable, stable variations in the genetic code) and epigenetic modifications (ie, chemical modifications to the genetic code that can affect which genes are turned on or off) in response to stress have been implicated in preterm birth. Fetal genetic variants have been linked to preterm birth though the role of offspring epigenetics in preterm birth remains understudied. This systematic review synthesizes the literature examining associations among stress during pregnancy and epigenetic modifications to offspring DNA, with 25 reports identified. Ten reports examined DNA methylation (ie, addition/removal of methyl groups to/from DNA) across the epigenome. The remainder examined DNA methylation near genes of interest, primarily genes linked to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function (NR3C1, FKBP51), growth/immune function (IGF2), and socioemotional regulation (SLC6A4, OXTR). The majority of reports noted associations among stress and offspring DNA methylation, primarily when perceived stress, anxiety, or depression served as the predictor. Findings suggest that differences in offspring epigenetic patterns may play a role in stress-associated preterm birth and serve as targets for novel interventions.
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25
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Zhu Z, Cao F, Li X. Epigenetic Programming and Fetal Metabolic Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:764. [PMID: 31849831 PMCID: PMC6901800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming caused by the adverse intrauterine environment can induce metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Adverse intrauterine environment introduces fetal long-term relatively irreversible changes in organs and metabolism, and thus causes fetal metabolic programming leading metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Fetal metabolic programming of obesity and insulin resistance plays a key role in this process. The mechanism of fetal metabolic programming is still not very clear. It is suggested that epigenetic programming, also induced by the adverse intrauterine environment, is a critical underlying mechanism of fetal metabolic programming. Fetal epigenetic programming affects gene expression changes and cellular function through epigenetic modifications without DNA nucleotide sequence changes. Epigenetic modifications can be relatively stably retained and transmitted through mitosis and generations, and thereby induce the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. This manuscript provides an overview of the critical role of epigenetic programming in fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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26
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Hjort L, Novakovic B, Grunnet LG, Maple-Brown L, Damm P, Desoye G, Saffery R. Diabetes in pregnancy and epigenetic mechanisms-how the first 9 months from conception might affect the child's epigenome and later risk of disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019; 7:796-806. [PMID: 31128973 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is not only associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications and subsequent maternal metabolic disease, but also increases the risk of long-term metabolic disease in the offspring. At the interface between genetic and environmental factors, epigenetic variation established in utero represents a plausible link between the in utero environment and later disease susceptibility. The identification of an epigenetic fingerprint of diabetes in pregnancy linked to the metabolic health of the offspring might provide novel biomarkers for the identification of offspring most at risk, before the onset of metabolic dysfunction, for targeted monitoring and intervention. In this Personal View, we (1) highlight the scale of the problem of diabetes in pregnancy, (2) summarise evidence for the variation in offspring epigenetic profiles following exposure to diabetes in utero, and (3) outline potential future approaches to further understand the mechanisms by which exposure to maternal metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy is transmitted through generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hjort
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise G Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone-metabolic Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia; Endocrinology Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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27
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Adverse Maternal Metabolic Intrauterine Environment and Placental Epigenetics: Implications for Fetal Metabolic Programming. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:531-543. [PMID: 30267228 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we summarize existent epidemiological studies relating adverse maternal metabolic environments of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes and placental DNA methylation. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple studies have evaluated associations between intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes and/or maternal glucose levels and DNA methylation at candidate metabolic genes as well as in epigenome-wide studies. Some of the genomic regions more consistently associated include lipid-related genes (LPL and PPARGC1A), the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and imprinted genes. Studies solely focused on maternal obesity influences on the placental epigenome are scarce. Understanding the placental mechanisms involved in fetal metabolic programming could lead to discovery of placental biomarkers at birth that predict later-life metabolic risk. Moving forward is important to standardize methods utilized in epigenetics research; consistent methodology can help interpret disparate findings. Larger studies with longitudinal follow-up are needed to address future challenges in fetal programming research.
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28
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Everson TM, Marable C, Deyssenroth MA, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Lambertini L, Karagas MR, Chen J, Marsit CJ. Placental Expression of Imprinted Genes, Overall and in Sex-Specific Patterns, Associated with Placental Cadmium Concentrations and Birth Size. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:57005. [PMID: 31082282 PMCID: PMC6791491 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure has been recognized to restrict growth, and male and female fetuses may have differential susceptibility to the developmental toxicity of Cd. Imprinted genes, which exhibit monoallelic expression based on parent of origin, are highly expressed in placental tissues. The function of these genes is particularly critical to fetal growth and development, and some are expressed in sex-specific patterns. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether prenatal Cd associates with the expression of imprinted placental genes, overall or in fetal sex-specific patterns, across two independent epidemiologic studies. METHODS We tested for Cd–sex interactions in association with gene expression, then regressed the placental expression levels of 74 putative imprinted genes on placental log-Cd concentrations while adjusting for maternal age, sex, smoking history, and educational attainment. These models were performed within study- and sex-specific strata in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; [Formula: see text]) and the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS; [Formula: see text]). We then used fixed-effects models to estimate the sex-specific and overall associations across strata and then examine heterogeneity in the associations by fetal sex. RESULTS We observed that higher Cd concentrations were associated with higher expression of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) ([Formula: see text]), and lower expression of h19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) ([Formula: see text]) and necdin, MAGE family member (NDN) ([Formula: see text]) across study and sex-specific strata, while three other genes [carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4), growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (GRB10), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK)] were significantly associated with Cd concentrations, but only among female placenta ([Formula: see text]). Additionally, the expression of DLX5, H19, and NDN, the most statistically significant Cd-associated genes, were also associated with standardized birth weight z-scores. DISCUSSION The differential regulation of a set of imprinted genes, particularly DLX5, H19, and NDN, in association with prenatal Cd exposure may be involved in overall developmental toxicity, and some imprinted genes may respond to Cd exposure in a manner that is specific to infant gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carmen Marable
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maya A. Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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29
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Yu JL, Li C, Che LH, Zhao YH, Guo YB. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA H19 rescues hippocampal neurons from apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting IGF2 methylation in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10655-10670. [PMID: 30536889 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is consequently accompanied by cognitive decline. The present study set out to define the critical role played by long noncoding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) in the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as oxidative stress (OS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM mice through regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) methylation. The expression of lncRNA H19 in the hippocampal neurons and surviving neurons were detected. Hippocampal neurons were cultured and transfected with oe-H19, sh-H19, oe-IGF2, or sh-IGF2, followed by detection of the expressions of IGF2 and apoptosis-related genes. Determination of the lipid peroxide and glutathione levels was conducted, while antioxidant enzyme activity was identified. The IGF2 methylation, the binding of lncRNA H19 to DNA methyltransferase, and the binding of lncRNA H19 to IGF2 promoter region were detected. DM mice exhibited high expressions of H19, as well as a decreased hippocampal neurons survival rate. Higher lncRNA H19 expression was found in DM. Upregulated lncRNA H19 significantly increased the expression of Bax and caspase-3 but decreased that of Bcl-2, thus promoting the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron. Besides, upregulation of lncRNA H19 induced OS. LncRNA H19 was observed to bind specifically to the IGF2 gene promoter region and promote IGF2 methylation by enriching DNA methyltransferase, thereby silencing IGF2 expression. Taken together, downregulated lncRNA H19 reduces IGF2 methylation and enhances its expression, thereby suppressing hippocampal neuron apoptosis and OS in STZ-induced (DM) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-He Che
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Bao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Autologous blood transfusion augments impaired wound healing in diabetic mice by enhancing lncRNA H19 expression via the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:84. [PMID: 30458806 PMCID: PMC6245761 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing frequently occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM) and is implicated in impaired angiogenesis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been reported as being reduced in DM and played a critical role in inducing angiogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that H19 may affect impaired wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice transfused with autologous blood preserved in standard preservative fluid or modified preservative fluid. Methods Fibroblasts in injured skin were isolated and cultured in vitro. After location of H19 in fibroblasts using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA-pull down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Co immunoprecipitation (COIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were used to verify the binding of H19 to HIF-1α. Results The modified preservative fluid preserved autologous blood increased the H19 expression in fibroblasts, and maintained better oxygen-carrying and oxygen release capacities as well as coagulation function. Furthermore, H19 promoted HIF-1α histone H3K4me3 methylation and increased HIF-1α expression by recruiting EZH2. H19 promoted fibroblast activation by activating HIF-1α signaling pathway in fibroblasts and enhanced wound healing in diabetic mice. Conclusions Taken together, H19 accelerated fibroblast activation by recruiting EZH2-mediated histone methylation and modulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway, whereby augmenting the process of modified preservative fluid preserved autologous blood enhancing the postoperative wound healing in diabetic mice.
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31
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Holmes G, O'Rourke C, Motch Perrine SM, Lu N, van Bakel H, Richtsmeier JT, Jabs EW. Midface and upper airway dysgenesis in FGFR2-related craniosynostosis involves multiple tissue-specific and cell cycle effects. Development 2018; 145:dev.166488. [PMID: 30228104 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Midface dysgenesis is a feature of more than 200 genetic conditions in which upper airway anomalies frequently cause respiratory distress, but its etiology is poorly understood. Mouse models of Apert and Crouzon craniosynostosis syndromes exhibit midface dysgenesis similar to the human conditions. They carry activating mutations of Fgfr2, which is expressed in multiple craniofacial tissues during development. Magnetic resonance microscopy of three mouse models of Apert and Crouzon syndromes revealed decreased nasal passage volume in all models at birth. Histological analysis suggested overgrowth of the nasal cartilage in the two Apert syndrome mouse models. We used tissue-specific gene expression and transcriptome analysis to further dissect the structural, cellular and molecular alterations underlying midface and upper airway dysgenesis in Apert Fgfr2+/S252W mutants. Cartilage thickened progressively during embryogenesis because of increased chondrocyte proliferation in the presence of Fgf2 Oral epithelium expression of mutant Fgfr2, which resulted in a distinctive nasal septal fusion defect, and premature facial suture fusion contributed to the overall dysmorphology. Midface dysgenesis in Fgfr2-related craniosynostosis is a complex phenotype arising from the combined effects of aberrant signaling in multiple craniofacial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Courtney O'Rourke
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Susan M Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joan T Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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32
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Song MA, Ernst T, Tiirikainen M, Tost J, Wilkens LR, Chang L, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Lim U. Methylation of imprinted IGF2 regions is associated with total, visceral, and hepatic adiposity in postmenopausal women. Epigenetics 2018; 13:858-865. [PMID: 30277114 PMCID: PMC6224210 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1518100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body fat, especially intra-abdominal fat, is a leading risk factor for metabolic diseases. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of two imprinted genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19, have been associated with obesity due to their important roles in regulating body composition, but have not been examined in relation to intra-abdominal fat depots. Total body fat from whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral and liver fat contents from abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in 48 healthy women aged 60-65 years (of White or Japanese ancestry) were each regressed on circulating leukocyte DNA methylation levels of IGF2 (at DMR0, DMR2a, and DMR2b) and H19 (at CTCF3) as assessed by pyrosequencing, while adjusting for age and race/ethnicity. Total fat mass was inversely associated with methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2b (P = 0.016). Total fat-adjusted visceral fat area (P = 0.062) and percent visceral fat measured at L4-L5 (P = 0.045) were associated with higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2b. Both total fat-adjusted percent liver fat (P = 0.039) and the presence of fatty liver (P = 0.015) were positively associated with IGF2 DMR2a methylation. Methylation levels of H19 CTCF3 were not associated with overall or intra/abdominal adiposity. The findings indicate that methylation levels of IGF2 DMR regions in leukocytes are associated with total body fat and with fat distribution in the viscera and liver independently of total adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Evry, France
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Maddock J, Wulaningsih W, Fernandez JC, Ploubidis GB, Goodman A, Bell J, Kuh D, Hardy R. Associations between body size, nutrition and socioeconomic position in early life and the epigenome: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201672. [PMID: 30096154 PMCID: PMC6086410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body size, nutrition and socioeconomic position (SEP) in early life have been associated with a wide range of long-term health effects. Epigenetics is one possible mechanism through which these early life exposures can impact later life health. We conducted a systematic review examining the observational evidence for the impact of body size, nutrition and SEP in early life on the epigenome in humans. Methods This systematic review is registered with the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42016050193). Three datasets were simultaneously searched using Ovid and the resulting studies were evaluated by at least two independent reviewers. Studies measuring epigenetic markers either at the same time as, or after, the early life exposure and have a measure of body size, nutrition or SEP in early life (up to 12 years), written in English and from a community-dwelling participants were included. Results We identified 90 eligible studies. Seventeen of these papers examined more than one early life exposure of interest. Fifty six papers examined body size, 37 nutrition and 17 SEP. All of the included papers examined DNA methylation (DNAm) as the epigenetic marker. Overall there was no strong evidence for a consistent association between these early life variables in DNAm which may be due to the heterogeneous study designs, data collection methods and statistical analyses. Conclusions Despite these inconclusive results, the hypothesis that the early life environment can impact DNAm, potentially persisting into adult life, was supported by some studies and warrants further investigation. We provide recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Wahyu Wulaningsih
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Castillo Fernandez
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George B. Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alissa Goodman
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordana Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30131712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Ge Q, Zhang S, Chen L, Tang M, Liu L, Kang M, Gao L, Ma S, Yang Y, Lv P, Kong M, Yao Q, Feng F, Chen K. Mulberry Leaf Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes in Diabetic Mice Liver Based on RNA-Seq Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1051. [PMID: 30131712 PMCID: PMC6090096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus is a complicated process involving much gene regulation. The molecular mechanism of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf in the treatment of diabetes is not fully understood. In this study, we used the Illumina HiSeq™ 2,500 platform to explore the liver transcriptome of normal mice, STZ-induced diabetic mice, and mulberry leaf-treated diabetic mice, and we obtained 52,542,956, 52,626,414, and 52,780,196 clean reads, respectively. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by comparison with the GO and KEGG databases, and the results show that DEGs are mainly involved in the metabolic pathway. qRT-PCR was used to analyse 27 differential genes involved in liver expression in different groups of diabetic mice. Among the DEGs, the expression of Scube1, Spns3, Ly6a, Igf2, and other genes between the control (C) and diabetic control (DC) groups was significantly upregulated; the expression of Grb10, Mup2, and Fasn was significantly downregulated; the expression of the Sqle, Lss, and Irs2 genes between the C group and diabetic group treated with mulberry (DD) was significantly upregulated; the expression of Fabp2, Ly6a, and Grb10 was significantly downregulated; and the expression of Sqle and Lss was significantly upregulated in the DC and DD groups, but Tap1, Igf2, and Spns3 were significantly downregulated. The results of Western blot validation showed that dynamic changes in proteins, such as IGF2, Ly6a, Grb10, and UBD, occurred to regulate the incidence of diabetes by influencing the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengna Kang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Tao SC, Rui BY, Wang QY, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Guo SC. Extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles transport LncRNA-H19 as competing endogenous RNA for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:241-255. [PMID: 29334272 PMCID: PMC6058500 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds, one of the most enervating complications of diabetes mellitus, affect millions of people worldwide annually. Vascular insufficiency, caused by hyperglycemia, is one of the primary causes and categories of diabetic impaired wound healing. Recently, long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)-H19, which is significantly decreased in diabetes and may be crucial in triggering angiogenesis, has attracted increasing interest. The possible relationship between the decrease of LncRNA-H19 and the impairment of angiogenesis in diabetes could involve impairment of the insulin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway via the interdiction of LncRNA-H19. Thus, a therapeutic strategy utilizing LncRNA-H19 delivery is feasible. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using high-yield extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs) as an effective nano-drug delivery system for LncRNA, and studied the function of EMNVs with a high content of LncRNA-H19 (H19EMNVs). The results, which were exciting, showed that H19EMNVs had a strong ability to neutralize the regeneration-inhibiting effect of hyperglycemia, and could remarkably accelerate the healing processes of chronic wounds. Our results suggest that bioengineered EMNVs can serve as a powerful instrument to effectively deliver LncRNA and will be an extremely promising multifunctional drug delivery system in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Bi-Yu Rui
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Qi-Yang Wang
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Ding Zhou
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- b Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- c Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China
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Yan J, Yang H, Meng W, Wang Y, Shang L, Cai Z, Ji L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Wei L, Sun Y, Zhang X, Luo T, Chen H, Yu L, Liu X, Wang Z, Chen H. Abdominal circumference profiles of macrosomic infants born to mothers with or without hyperglycemia in China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:149-156. [PMID: 29886780 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1487941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center Hospital of Aviation Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pinggu Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital of Miyun City, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Daxing District Hongxing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chui Yang Liu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Beijing City, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxia Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing No. 6 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Jingmei Group, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gonzalez-Nahm S, Mendez MA, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Murphy SK, Hogan VK, Rowley DL, Hoyo C. DNA methylation of imprinted genes at birth is associated with child weight status at birth, 1 year, and 3 years. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:90. [PMID: 29988473 PMCID: PMC6025828 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the associations between nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes in DNA derived from umbilical cord blood leukocytes in males and females and (1) birth weight for gestational age z score, (2) weight-for-length (WFL) z score at 1 year, and (3) body mass index (BMI) z score at 3 years. Methods We conducted multiple linear regression in n = 567 infants at birth, n = 288 children at 1 year, and n = 294 children at 3 years from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST). We stratified by sex and adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, prenatal smoking, maternal age, gestational age, and paternal race. We also conducted analysis restricting to infants not born small for gestational age. Results We found an association between higher methylation of the sequences regulating paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) and anthropometric z scores at 1 year (β = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.34, 1.33; p = 0.001) and 3 years (β = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.37, 1.69; p value = 0.003) in males only. Higher methylation of the DMR regulating mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) was associated with lower anthropometric z scores in females at 1 year (β = - 1.03; 95% CI - 1.60, - 0.45; p value = 0.001) and 3 years (β = - 1.11; 95% CI - 1.98, - 0.24; p value = 0.01). These associations persisted when we restricted to infants not born small for gestational age. Conclusion Our data support a sex-specific association between altered methylation and weight status in early life. These methylation marks can contribute to the compendium of epigenetically regulated regions detectable at birth, influencing obesity in childhood. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Michelle A. Mendez
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Diane L. Rowley
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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Yu Q, Qiu Y, Wang X, Tang J, Liu Y, Mei L, Li M, Yang M, Tang L, Gao H, Zhang Z, Xu W, He Q. Efficient siRNA transfer to knockdown a placenta specific lncRNA using RGD-modified nano-liposome: A new preeclampsia-like mouse model. Int J Pharm 2018; 546:115-124. [PMID: 29729405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy complications. Many animal models have already been developed by researchers to study the pathogenesis and treatment of preeclampsia. However, most of these animal models were established by systemic administration or by surgery in the uterine cavity, which could lead to unwanted systemic toxicity or operative wounds and affect the accuracy of the results. Because of the high expression level of integrin αvβ3 on the placenta, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (RGD) modified PEGylated cationic liposome (RGD-Lip) was designed as a novel gene delivery system to target the placenta safely and efficiently, and a new animal model of preeclampsia was established through targeting of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). The results of cellular uptake and endosomal localization showed that RGD-Lip enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on HTR-8/SVneo. In vivo imaging revealed that RGD-Lip was selectively delivered to the placenta. Additionally, H19x siRNA was efficiently transferred into the placenta of C57BL/6 mice via the injection of H19x siRNA-loaded RGD-Lip, which could result in the occurrence of preeclampsia-like symptoms. In summary, RGD-Lip provided a platform to efficiently deliver siRNA to the placenta, and a new preeclampsia-like mouse model was developed targeting placenta enriched/specific genes, including noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jiajing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Mei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Konečná B, Lauková L, Vlková B. Immune activation by nucleic acids: A role in pregnancy complications. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12651. [PMID: 29479732 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free self-DNA or RNA may induce an immune response by activating specific sensing receptors. During pregnancy, placental nucleic acids present in the maternal circulation further activate these receptors due to the presence of unmethylated CpG islands. A higher concentration of cell-free foetal DNA is associated with pregnancy complications and a higher risk for foetal rejection. Cell-free foetal DNA originates from placental trophoblasts. It appears in different forms: free, bound to histones in nucleosomes, in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In several pregnancy complications, cell-free foetal DNA triggers the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and this production results in a cellular and humoral immune response. This review discusses preeclampsia, systemic lupus erythematosus, foetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity in pregnancy from an immunological point of view and closely examines the different pathways that result in maternal inflammation. Understanding the role of cell-free nucleic acids, as well as the biogenesis of NETs and EVs, will help us to specify their functions or targets, which seem to be important in pregnancy complications. It is still not clear whether higher concentrations of cell-free nucleic acids in the maternal circulation are the cause or consequence of various complications. Therefore, further clinical studies and, even more importantly, animal experiments that focus on the involved immunological pathways are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Konečná
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Lauková
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Vlková
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Offspring sex impacts DNA methylation and gene expression in placentae from women with diabetes during pregnancy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190698. [PMID: 29470513 PMCID: PMC5823368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis We hypothesized that diabetes during pregnancy (DDP) alters genome-wide DNA methylation in placenta resulting in differentially methylated loci of metabolically relevant genes and downstream changes in RNA and protein expression. Methods We mapped genome-wide DNA methylation with the Infinium 450K Human Methylation Bead Chip in term fetal placentae from Native American and Hispanic women with DDP using a nested case-control design (n = 17 pairs). RNA expression and protein levels were assayed via RNA-Seq and Western Blot. Results Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed 465 CpG sites with significant changes for male offspring, 247 for female offspring, and 277 for offspring of both sexes (p<0.001). Placentae from female offspring were 40% more likely to have significant gains in DNA methylation compared with placentae from male offspring exposed to DDP (p<0.001). Changes in DNA methylation corresponded to changes in RNA and protein levels for 6 genes: PIWIL3, CYBA, GSTM1, GSTM5, KCNE1 and NXN. Differential DNA methylation was detected at loci related to mitochondrial function, DNA repair, inflammation, oxidative stress. Conclusions/Interpretation These findings begin to explain mechanisms responsible for the increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring of mothers with DDP.
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White V, Jawerbaum A, Mazzucco MB, Gauster M, Desoye G, Hiden U. IGF2 stimulates fetal growth in a sex- and organ-dependent manner. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:183-189. [PMID: 28910276 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInsulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a key determinant of fetal growth, and the altered expression of IGF2 is implicated in fetal growth disorders and maternal metabolic derangements including gestational diabetes. Here we studied how increased levels of IGF2 in late pregnancy affect fetal growth.MethodsWe employed a rat model of repeated intrafetal IGF2 administration in late pregnancy, i.e., during GD19-GD21, and measured the consequences on fetal organ weight and expression of insulin/IGF-axis components.ResultsIGF2 treatment tended to increase fetal weight, but only weight increase of the fetal stomach reached significance (+33±9%; P<0.01). Sex-dependent data analysis revealed a sexual dimorphism of IGF2 action. In male fetuses, IGF2 administration significantly increased fetal weight (+13±3%; P<0.05) and weight of fetal stomach (+42±10%; P<0.01), intestine (+26±5%; P<0.05), liver (+13±4%; P<0.05), and pancreas (+25±8%; P<0.05). Weights of heart, lungs, and kidneys were unchanged. In female fetuses, IGF2 increased only stomach weight (+26±9%; P<0.05). Furthermore, gene expression of insulin/IGF axis in the heart, lungs, liver, and stomach was more sensitive toward IGF2 treatment in male than in female fetuses.ConclusionData suggest that elevated circulating IGF2 in late pregnancy predominantly stimulates organ growth of the digestive system, and male fetuses are more susceptible toward the IGF2 effects than female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Belen Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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He X, Ou C, Xiao Y, Han Q, Li H, Zhou S. LncRNAs: key players and novel insights into diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71325-71341. [PMID: 29050364 PMCID: PMC5642639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a class of endogenous RNA molecules, which have a transcribing length of over 200 nt, lack a complete functional open reading frame (ORF), and rarely encode a functional short peptide. Recent studies have revealed that disruption of LncRNAs levels correlates with several human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. LncRNAs are emerging as pivotal regulators in various biological processes, in the progression of DM and its associated complications, involving pancreatic β-cell disorder, insulin resistance, and epigenetic regulation, etc. Further investigation into the mechanisms of action of LncRNAs in DM will be of great value in the thorough understanding of pathogenesis. However, prior to successful application of LncRNAs, further search for molecular biomarkers and drug targets to provide a new strategy for DM prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yanhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Suxian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
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Miyaso H, Sakurai K, Takase S, Eguchi A, Watanabe M, Fukuoka H, Mori C. The methylation levels of the H19 differentially methylated region in human umbilical cords reflect newborn parameters and changes by maternal environmental factors during early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:1-8. [PMID: 28500962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
H19 is a tumor-suppressor gene, and changes in the methylation of the H19-differential methylation region (H19-DMR) are related to human health. However, little is known about the factors that regulate the methylation levels of H19-DMR. Several recent studies have shown that maternal environmental factors during pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking, chemical exposure, and nutrient intake, can alter the methylation levels of several genes in fetal tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of maternal factors on changes in the methylation levels of H19-DMR in the human umbilical cord (UC), an extra-embryonic tissue. Participants from the Chiba study of Mother and Children's Health (C-MACH) were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from UC samples, and the methylation level of H19-DMR was evaluated by methylation-sensitive high resolution melting analysis. Individual maternal and paternal factors and clinical information for newborns at birth were examined using questionnaires prepared in the C-MACH study, a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) during early pregnancy (gestational age of 12 weeks), and medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that reduced H19-DMR methylation (<50% methylation) in UC tissues was positively related to decreased head circumference in newborns [odds ratio (OR) =2.82; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.21-6.87; p=0.0183 and OR =2.51; 95% CI: 1.02-6.46; p=0.0499, respectively]. Moreover, multiple comparison test showed that H19-DMR methylation in UC tissues was significantly reduced in the low calorie group (intake of less than 1,000kcal/day; methylation level: 40.98%; 95% CI: 33.86-48.11) compared with that in the middle (1,000-1,999kcal/day; methylation level: 51.28%; 95% CI: 48.28-54.27) and high (≥2,000kcal/day; methylation level: 52.16%; 95% CI: 44.81-59.51) calorie groups (p=0.0054 and 0.047, respectively). In the subpopulations with low to moderate calorie intake (<2,000kcal/day), reduced H19-DMR methylation in UC tissues was significantly related to serum homocysteine concentration (OR =0.520; 95% CI: 0.285-0.875; p=0.019), maternal age (OR =1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.52; p=0.049), and serum folate levels (OR =0.917; 95% CI: 0.838-0.990; p=0.040). These data indicated that H19-DMR methylation levels in human UC tissues could be modulated by maternal factors during early pregnancy and may affect fetal and newborn growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyaso
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunya Takase
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucose metabolism is a central process in mammalian energy homeostasis. Its deregulation is a key factor in development of metabolic disease like diabetes and cancer. In recent decades, our understanding of gene regulation at the signaling, chromatin and posttranscriptional levels has seen dramatic developments. RECENT FINDINGS A number of epigenetic mechanisms that do not affect the genetic code can be assessed with new technologies. However, increasing complexity becomes a major challenge for translation into clinical application. SUMMARY The current review provides an update of transcriptional control of glucose metabolism, focusing on epigenetic regulators, DNA-methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs. Recent studies heavily support the importance of those mechanisms for future therapeutics and preventive efforts for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- aResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München bGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) cClinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Ludwig-Maximillians Universität dClinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Mechanistic Insight into Long Noncoding RNAs and the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071371. [PMID: 28653993 PMCID: PMC5535864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as RNAs greater than 200 nucleotides in length that do not produce a protein product. lncRNAs are expressed with cellular and temporal specificity and have been shown to play a role in many cellular events, including the regulation of gene expression, post-transcriptional modifications and epigenetic modifications. Since lncRNAs were first discovered, there has been increasing evidence that they play important roles in the development and function of most organs, including the placenta. The placenta is an essential transient organ that facilitates communication and nutrient exchange between the mother and foetus. The placenta is of foetal origin and begins to form shortly after the embryo implants into the uterine wall. The placenta relies heavily on the successful differentiation and function of trophoblast cells, including invasion as well as the formation of the maternal/foetal interface. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the involvement of lncRNAs in the development and function of trophoblasts and the human placenta.
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Elliott HR, Shihab HA, Lockett GA, Holloway JW, McRae AF, Smith GD, Ring SM, Gaunt TR, Relton CL. Role of DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Etiology: Using Genotype as a Causal Anchor. Diabetes 2017; 66:1713-1722. [PMID: 28246294 PMCID: PMC5860189 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the relationship between genetic variation and DNA methylation with respect to type 2 diabetes, but it is unknown if DNA methylation is a mediator in the disease pathway or if it is altered in response to disease state. This study uses genotypic information as a causal anchor to help decipher the likely role of DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data were generated on 1,018 young individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. In stage 1, 118 unique associations between published type 2 diabetes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide methylation (methylation quantitative trait loci [mQTLs]) were identified. In stage 2, a further 226 mQTLs were identified between 202 additional independent non-type 2 diabetes SNPs and CpGs identified in stage 1. Where possible, associations were replicated in independent cohorts of similar age. We discovered that around half of known type 2 diabetes SNPs are associated with variation in DNA methylation and postulated that methylation could either be on a causal pathway to future disease or could be a noncausal biomarker. For one locus (KCNQ1), we were able to provide further evidence that methylation is likely to be on the causal pathway to disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
| | - Hashem A Shihab
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Allan F McRae
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
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Moen GH, Sommer C, Prasad RB, Sletner L, Groop L, Qvigstad E, Birkeland KI. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Epigenetic modifications and gestational diabetes: a systematic review of published literature. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R247-R267. [PMID: 28232369 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in mother and offspring subjected to gestational diabetes (GDM) and indicate future topics for research. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We performed extensive searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Google scholar, using a combination of the search terms: GDM, gestational diabetes, epigenetic(s), methylation, histone modification, histone methylation, histone acetylation, microRNA and miRNA. Studies that compared women diagnosed with GDM and healthy controls were included. Two authors independently scanned the abstracts, and all included papers were read by at least two authors. The searches were completed on October 31st, 2016. RESULTS We identified 236 articles, of which 43 were considered relevant for this systematic review. Studies published showed that epigenetic alterations could be found in both mothers with GDM and their offspring. However, differences in methodology, diagnostic criteria for GDM and populations studied, together with a limited number of published studies and small sample sizes, preclude clear conclusions about the role of epigenetic modifications in transmitting risk from GDM mothers to their offspring. CONCLUSION The current research literature suggests that GDM may have impact on epigenetic modifications in the mother and offspring. However, larger studies that include multiple cohorts of GDM patients and their offspring are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of EndocrinologyMorbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of EndocrinologyMorbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical SciencesDiabetes and Endocrinology CRC, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Line Sletner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents MedicineAkershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical SciencesDiabetes and Endocrinology CRC, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM)Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Department of EndocrinologyMorbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of EndocrinologyMorbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation MedicineOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hăşmăşanu MG, Baizat M, Procopciuc LM, Blaga L, Văleanu MA, Drugan TC, Zaharie GC, Bolboacă SD. Serum levels and ApaI polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor 2 on intrauterine growth restriction infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1470-1476. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1319921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica G. Hăşmăşanu
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Baizat
- Department of Neonatology, Gynecology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ligia Blaga
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina A. Văleanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor C. Drugan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela C. Zaharie
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Yao G, Zhang Y, Wang D, Yang R, Sang H, Han L, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Tan Y, Shang Z. GDM-Induced Macrosomia Is Reversed by Cav-1 via AMPK-Mediated Fatty Acid Transport and GLUT1-Mediated Glucose Transport in Placenta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170490. [PMID: 28125642 PMCID: PMC5268469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate if the role of Cav-1 in GDM-induced macrosomia is through regulating AMPK signaling pathway in placenta. Methods We used diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia to separate and compare placental protein and mRNA levels from GDM with macrosomia group (GDMM), GDM with normal birth weight group (GDMN) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with normal birth weight group (CON). Western blotting was performed to examine differentially expressed proteins of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway related proteins, including phosphorylated-AMPKα(Thr172), AMPKα, phosphorylated-Acetyl-CoA carboxylase(Ser79) (p-ACC(Ser79)), ACC and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in placenta between the three groups. The mRNA levels of Cav-1, AMPKα, ACC and GLUT1 in placenta were measured by real time-PCR. Results In the GDMM placenta group, both protein and mRNA levels of Cav-1 were down-regulated, while GLUT1 was up-regulated; the phosphorylation and mRNA levels of ACC and AMPKα were decreased, but total ACC protein levels were increased compared to both the GDMN (p<0.05) and CON groups (p<0.05). In GDMM placenta group, there was a significant negative correlation observed between neonatal birth weight (NBW) and protein expression levels of Cav-1, p-ACC(Ser79) and p-AMPKα(Thr172) (p<0.05), while positive relationship with ACC and GLUT1 protein levels. Besides, in GDMM group placental mRNA levels, NBW had a positive correlation with GLUT1 (p<0.05), while negative with Cav-1, AMPKα and ACC expression (p<0.05). Cav-1 protein expression was positively associated with p-AMPK and p-ACC (p<0.05), and negatively associated with GLUT1 (p<0.05). Interestingly, p-AMPK protein expression was closely related to p-ACC (p<0.05), but not with GLUT1. Conclusion GDM-induced macrosomias have more severe inhibition of Cav-1 expression in placenta. Cav-1 is associated with placental glucose and fatty acid transport via the induction of AMPK signaling pathway and the reduction of GLUT1 signaling pathway to reverse GDM-induced macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Di Wang
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Hui Sang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yuexia Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yeke Tan
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Zhanping Shang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
- * E-mail:
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