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Jamecna D, Höglinger D. The use of click chemistry in sphingolipid research. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261388. [PMID: 38488070 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid dysregulation is involved in a range of rare and fatal diseases as well as common pathologies including cancer, infectious diseases or neurodegeneration. Gaining insights into how sphingolipids are involved in these diseases would contribute much to our understanding of human physiology, as well as the pathology mechanisms. However, scientific progress is hampered by a lack of suitable tools that can be used in intact systems. To overcome this, efforts have turned to engineering modified lipids with small clickable tags and to harnessing the power of click chemistry to localize and follow these minimally modified lipid probes in cells. We hope to inspire the readers of this Review to consider applying existing click chemistry tools for their own aspects of sphingolipid research. To this end, we focus here on different biological applications of clickable lipids, mainly to follow metabolic conversions, their visualization by confocal or superresolution microscopy or the identification of their protein interaction partners. Finally, we describe recent approaches employing organelle-targeted and clickable lipid probes to accurately follow intracellular sphingolipid transport with organellar precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Jamecna
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Kim Y, Mavodza G, Senkal CE, Burd CG. Cholesterol-dependent homeostatic regulation of very long chain sphingolipid synthesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202308055. [PMID: 37787764 PMCID: PMC10547602 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin plays a key role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis by binding to and sequestering cholesterol in the plasma membrane. We discovered that synthesis of very long chain (VLC) sphingomyelins is inversely regulated by cellular cholesterol levels; acute cholesterol depletion elicited a rapid induction of VLC-sphingolipid synthesis, increased trafficking to the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane, while cholesterol loading reduced VLC-sphingolipid synthesis. This sphingolipid-cholesterol metabolic axis is distinct from the sterol responsive element binding protein pathway as it requires ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) activity, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and was unaffected by inhibition of protein translation. Depletion of VLC-ceramides reduced plasma membrane cholesterol content, reduced plasma membrane lipid packing, and unexpectedly resulted in the accumulation of cholesterol in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the lysosome membrane. This study establishes the existence of a cholesterol-sphingolipid regulatory axis that maintains plasma membrane lipid homeostasis via regulation of sphingomyelin synthesis and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grace Mavodza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Can E. Senkal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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3
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Abstract
The sorting and trafficking of lipids between organelles gives rise to a dichotomy of bulk membrane properties between organelles of the secretory and endolysosome networks, giving rise to two "membrane territories" based on differences in lipid-packing density, net membrane charge, and bilayer leaflet asymmetries. The cellular organelle membrane dichotomy emerges from ER-to-PM anterograde membrane trafficking and the synthesis of sphingolipids and cholesterol flux at the trans-Golgi network, which constitutes the interface between the two membrane territories. Organelle homeostasis is maintained by vesicle-mediated retrieval of bulk membrane from the distal organelles of each territory to the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane and by soluble lipid transfer proteins that traffic particular lipids. The concept of cellular membrane territories emphasizes the contrasting features of organelle membranes of the secretory and endolysosome networks and the essential roles of lipid-sorting pathways that maintain organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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4
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Hempelmann P, Lolicato F, Graziadei A, Brown RDR, Spiegel S, Rappsilber J, Nickel W, Höglinger D, Jamecna D. The sterol transporter STARD3 transports sphingosine at ER-lysosome contact sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.557036. [PMID: 37790546 PMCID: PMC10542139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.557036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important structural components of membranes. Additionally, simple sphingolipids such as sphingosine are highly bioactive and participate in complex subcellular signaling. Sphingolipid deregulation is associated with many severe diseases including diabetes, Parkinson's and cancer. Here, we focus on how sphingosine, generated from sphingolipid catabolism in late endosomes/lysosomes, is reintegrated into the biosynthetic machinery at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We characterized the sterol transporter STARD3 as a sphingosine transporter acting at lysosome-ER contact sites. Experiments featuring crosslinkable sphingosine probes, supported by unbiased molecular dynamics simulations, exposed how sphingosine binds to the lipid-binding domain of STARD3. Following the metabolic fate of pre-localized lysosomal sphingosine showed the importance of STARD3 and its actions at contact sites for the integration of sphingosine into ceramide in a cellular context. Our findings provide the first example of interorganellar sphingosine transfer and pave the way for a better understanding of sphingolipid - sterol co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hempelmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Graziadei
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Gustav Mayer Allee 25, 13355 Berlin
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Denisa Jamecna
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg
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5
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Moin N, Thakur RS, Singh S, Patel DK, Satish A. β-triketone herbicide exposure cause tyrosine and fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138353. [PMID: 36914009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
β-triketone herbicides have been efficiently employed as an alternate to atrazine. Triketones are 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme inhibitors and exposure is reported to cause significant increase in plasma tyrosine levels. In this study, we have employed a non-target organism Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the impact of β-triketone exposures at recommended field doses (RfD). Our results indicate sulcotrione and mesotrione, negatively influence the survival, behavior, and reproduction of the organism at RfD. Additionally, we have traced the parallels regarding the impact of triketones on the tyrosine metabolism pathway, in C. elegans to those in mammalian models, wherein the expression of the tyrosine metabolism pathway genes are altered, directly influencing tyrosine catabolism leading to significant tyrosine accumulation in exposed organism. Further, we investigated the impact of sulcotrione and mesotrione exposure on fat deposition (triglyceride levels, Oil-Red-O staining and lipidomics) and the fatty acid metabolism pathway. In the exposed worms, the expression of enlongases and fatty acid desaturases were up-regulated along with an increase in the levels of triglycerides. Thus, the data indicates a positive association of β-triketone exposure to mis-regulation of the fatty acid metabolism pathway genes leading to fat accumulation in worms. Therefore, β-triketone might be a potential obesogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Moin
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, 227015, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Aruna Satish
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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6
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Smith CJ, Williams JL, Hall C, Casas J, Caley MP, O'Toole EA, Prasad R, Metherell LA. Ichthyosis linked to sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase insufficiency is due to aberrant sphingolipid and calcium regulation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100351. [PMID: 36868360 PMCID: PMC10123262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) insufficiency (SPLIS) is a syndrome which presents with adrenal insufficiency, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, neurological disease, and ichthyosis. Where a skin phenotype is reported, 94% had abnormalities such as ichthyosis, acanthosis, and hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the disease mechanism and the role SGPL1 plays in the skin barrier we established clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 SGPL1 KO and a lentiviral-induced SGPL1 overexpression (OE) in telomerase reverse-transcriptase immortalised human keratinocytes (N/TERT-1) and thereafter organotypic skin equivalents. Loss of SGPL1 caused an accumulation of S1P, sphingosine, and ceramides, while its overexpression caused a reduction of these species. RNAseq analysis showed perturbations in sphingolipid pathway genes, particularly in SGPL1_KO, and our gene set enrichment analysis revealed polar opposite differential gene expression between SGPL1_KO and _OE in keratinocyte differentiation and Ca2+ signaling genesets. SGPL1_KO upregulated differentiation markers, while SGPL1_OE upregulated basal and proliferative markers. The advanced differentiation of SGPL1_KO was confirmed by 3D organotypic models that also presented with a thickened and retained stratum corneum and a breakdown of E-cadherin junctions. We conclude that SPLIS associated ichthyosis is a multifaceted disease caused possibly by sphingolipid imbalance and excessive S1P signaling, leading to increased differentiation and an imbalance of the lipid lamellae throughout the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Altuzar J, Notbohm J, Stein F, Haberkant P, Hempelmann P, Heybrock S, Worsch J, Saftig P, Höglinger D. Lysosome-targeted multifunctional lipid probes reveal the sterol transporter NPC1 as a sphingosine interactor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213886120. [PMID: 36893262 PMCID: PMC10089177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213886120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles involved in macromolecular digestion, and their dysfunction is associated with pathologies ranging from lysosomal storage disorders to common neurodegenerative diseases, many of which have lipid accumulation phenotypes. The mechanism of lipid efflux from lysosomes is well understood for cholesterol, while the export of other lipids, particularly sphingosine, is less well studied. To overcome this knowledge gap, we have developed functionalized sphingosine and cholesterol probes that allow us to follow their metabolism, protein interactions, and their subcellular localization. These probes feature a modified cage group for lysosomal targeting and controlled release of the active lipids with high temporal precision. An additional photocrosslinkable group allowed for the discovery of lysosomal interactors for both sphingosine and cholesterol. In this way, we found that two lysosomal cholesterol transporters, NPC1 and to a lesser extent LIMP-2/SCARB2, bind to sphingosine and showed that their absence leads to lysosomal sphingosine accumulation which hints at a sphingosine transport role of both proteins. Furthermore, artificial elevation of lysosomal sphingosine levels impaired cholesterol efflux, consistent with sphingosine and cholesterol sharing a common export mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janathan Altuzar
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Notbohm
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pia Hempelmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Heybrock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Worsch
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 24118Kiel, Germany
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
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Imeri F, Stepanovska Tanturovska B, Manaila R, Pavenstädt H, Pfeilschifter J, Huwiler A. Loss of S1P Lyase Expression in Human Podocytes Causes a Reduction in Nephrin Expression That Involves PKCδ Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043267. [PMID: 36834691 PMCID: PMC9965238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL, Sgpl1) is an ER-associated enzyme that irreversibly degrades the bioactive lipid, S1P, and thereby regulates multiple cellular functions attributed to S1P. Biallelic mutations in the human Sglp1 gene lead to a severe form of a particular steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, suggesting that the SPL is critically involved in maintaining the glomerular ultrafiltration barrier, which is mainly built by glomerular podocytes. In this study, we have investigated the molecular effects of SPL knockdown (kd) in human podocytes to better understand the mechanism underlying nephrotic syndrome in patients. A stable SPL-kd cell line of human podocytes was generated by the lentiviral shRNA transduction method and was characterized for reduced SPL mRNA and protein levels and increased S1P levels. This cell line was further studied for changes in those podocyte-specific proteins that are known to regulate the ultrafiltration barrier. We show here that SPL-kd leads to the downregulation of the nephrin protein and mRNA expression, as well as the Wilms tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), which is a key transcription factor regulating nephrin expression. Mechanistically, SPL-kd resulted in increased total cellular protein kinase C (PKC) activity, while the stable downregulation of PKCδ revealed increased nephrin expression. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), also reduced WT1 and nephrin expression. In addition, IL-6 caused increased PKCδ Thr505 phosphorylation, suggesting enzyme activation. Altogether, these data demonstrate that nephrin is a critical factor downregulated by the loss of SPL, which may directly cause podocyte foot process effacement as observed in mice and humans, leading to albuminuria, a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. Furthermore, our in vitro data suggest that PKCδ could represent a new possible pharmacological target for the treatment of a nephrotic syndrome induced by SPL mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Imeri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roxana Manaila
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-32-14
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Kale D, Kikul F, Phapale P, Beedgen L, Thiel C, Brügger B. Quantification of Dolichyl Phosphates Using Phosphate Methylation and Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3210-3217. [PMID: 36716239 PMCID: PMC9933046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dolichyl monophosphates (DolPs) are essential lipids in glycosylation pathways that are highly conserved across almost all domains of life. The availability of DolP is critical for all glycosylation processes, as these lipids serve as membrane-anchored building blocks used by various types of glycosyltransferases to generate complex post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids. The analysis of DolP species by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) remains a challenge due to their very low abundance and wide range of lipophilicities. Until now, a method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment of DolP species from biological membranes has been lacking. Here, we describe a novel approach based on simple sample preparation, rapid and efficient trimethylsilyl diazomethane-dependent phosphate methylation, and RPLC-MS analysis for quantification of DolP species with different isoprene chain lengths. We used this workflow to selectively quantify DolP species from lipid extracts derived of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HeLa, and human skin fibroblasts from steroid 5-α-reductase 3- congenital disorders of glycosylation (SRD5A3-CDG) patients and healthy controls. Integration of this workflow with global lipidomics analyses will be a powerful tool to expand our understanding of the role of DolPs in pathophysiological alterations of metabolic pathways downstream of HMG-CoA reductase, associated with CDGs, hypercholesterolemia, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Kale
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany,
| | - Frauke Kikul
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prasad Phapale
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars Beedgen
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Centre
for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University
Hospital Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg
University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120Heidelberg, Germany,
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Williams JL, Smith C, Hall C, Khaled Z, Maharaj A, Kwong R, Pittaway J, Casas J, Parvanta L, Abdel-Aziz TE, Palazzo F, Chung TT, Guasti L, Metherell L, Prasad R. Elevated sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase leads to increased metabolism and reduced survival in adrenocortical carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:lvac007. [PMID: 36651165 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are invasive tumours arising in the adrenal cortex, and steroidogenic tumours are associated with worse prognostic outcomes. Loss-of-function mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) cause primary adrenal insufficiency and as a key degradative enzyme in the sphingolipid pathway, SGPL1 also influences the balance of pro-proliferative and pro-apoptotic sphingolipids. We, therefore, hypothesized increased SGPL1 may be linked to increased disease severity in ACC. DESIGN Analyse SGPL1 expression impact on patient survival and adrenal cancer cell phenotype. We analysed two ACC cohorts with survival and corresponding transcriptomic data, focusing on SGPL1 and sphingolipid pathway genes. In vitro, we generated SGPL1-knockout and overexpressing H295R adrenocortical cells to investigate the role of SGPL1 in cell signalling in ACCs. RESULTS We found increased expression of several sphingolipid pathway receptors and enzymes, most notably SGPL1 correlated with reduced patient survival in both cohorts. Overexpression of SGPL1 in the H295R cell line increased proliferation and migration while reducing apoptosis, while SGPL1 knockout had the opposite effect. RNA-seq revealed a global increase in the expression of genes in the electron transport chain in overexpressing cells, correlating with increased aerobic respiration and glycolysis. Furthermore, the opposite phenotype was seen in cells lacking SGPL1. We subsequently found the increased proliferation is linked to metabolic substrate availability and increased capacity to use different fuel sources, but particularly glucose, in overexpressing cells. CONCLUSIONS We, therefore, propose that SGPL1-overexpressing ACC tumours reduce patient survival by increasing fuel usage for anabolism and energy production to facilitate growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zakaa Khaled
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Kwong
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - James Pittaway
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona and Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD). ISCIII. Madrid, Spain
| | - Laila Parvanta
- Department of Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Ezzat Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG London, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Palazzo
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, W12 0HS London, United Kingdom
| | - Teng-Teng Chung
- Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lou Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Shanbhag K, Sharma K, Kamat SS. Photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes and their applications in mammalian biology. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:37-46. [PMID: 36685253 PMCID: PMC9811504 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biological molecules that possess many critical physiological functions, which enable the optimal survival of all organisms, including humans. While the role of lipids in the formation of biological cellular membranes and as a source of energy is fairly well understood, the cellular signalling pathways that lipids modulate in mammals are, in comparison, poorly characterized mechanistically and/or largely unknown. In an effort to dissect these mammalian cellular pathways regulated by signalling lipids and map hitherto unknown protein-lipid interactions, the last two decades have seen tremendous progress in the development of multifunctional lipid probes that, in conjunction with well-established bioorthogonal chemistries and chemoproteomics platforms, has almost exponentially expanded our knowledge in this field. In this review, we focus on the various photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes described in the literature, and briefly summarize the different photo-crosslinking groups and bioorthogonal chemistries used by them. Furthermore, we report specific case examples of such photoreactive bioorthogonal lipid probes, and discuss the new biological pathways and insights that have emerged from their use through chemoproteomics in mammalian cells. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with the use of lipid probes in biological systems, and highlight their importance in the discovery and mechanistic understanding of lipid signalling pathways in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shanbhag
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
| | - Siddhesh S. Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, PashanPune411008MaharashtraIndia
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Benedyk TH, Connor V, Caroe ER, Shamin M, Svergun DI, Deane JE, Jeffries CM, Crump CM, Graham SC. Herpes simplex virus 1 protein pUL21 alters ceramide metabolism by activating the interorganelle transport protein CERT. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102589. [PMID: 36243114 PMCID: PMC9668737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 dramatically alters the architecture and protein composition of cellular membranes during infection, but its effects upon membrane lipid composition remain unclear. HSV-1 pUL21 is a virus-encoded protein phosphatase adaptor that promotes dephosphorylation of multiple cellular and virus proteins, including the cellular ceramide (Cer) transport protein CERT. CERT mediates nonvesicular Cer transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the trans-Golgi network, whereupon Cer is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) and other sphingolipids that play important roles in cellular proliferation, signaling, and membrane trafficking. Here, we use click chemistry to profile the kinetics of sphingolipid metabolism, showing that pUL21-mediated dephosphorylation activates CERT and accelerates Cer-to-SM conversion. Purified pUL21 and full-length CERT interact with submicromolar affinity, and we solve the solution structure of the pUL21 C-terminal domain in complex with the CERT Pleckstrin homology and steroidogenic acute regulatory-related lipid transfer domains using small-angle X-ray scattering. We identify a single amino acid mutation on the surface of pUL21 that disrupts CERT binding in vitro and in cultured cells. This residue is highly conserved across the genus Simplexvirus. In addition, we identify a pUL21 residue essential for binding to HSV-1 pUL16. Sphingolipid profiling demonstrates that Cer-to-SM conversion is severely diminished in the context of HSV-1 infection, a defect that is compounded when infecting with a virus encoding the mutated form of pUL21 that lacks the ability to activate CERT. However, virus replication and spread in cultured keratinocytes or epithelial cells is not significantly altered when pUL21-mediated CERT dephosphorylation is abolished. Collectively, we demonstrate that HSV-1 modifies sphingolipid metabolism via specific protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viv Connor
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eve R Caroe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Shamin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cy M Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Hamburg Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Colin M Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen C Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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A set of gene knockouts as a resource for global lipidomic changes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10533. [PMID: 35732804 PMCID: PMC9218125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme specificity in lipid metabolic pathways often remains unresolved at the lipid species level, which is needed to link lipidomic molecular phenotypes with their protein counterparts to construct functional pathway maps. We created lipidomic profiles of 23 gene knockouts in a proof-of-concept study based on a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in mammalian cells. This results in a lipidomic resource across 24 lipid classes. We highlight lipid species phenotypes of multiple knockout cell lines compared to a control, created by targeting the human safe-harbor locus AAVS1 using up to 1228 lipid species and subspecies, charting lipid metabolism at the molecular level. Lipid species changes are found in all knockout cell lines, however, some are most apparent on the lipid class level (e.g., SGMS1 and CEPT1), while others are most apparent on the fatty acid level (e.g., DECR2 and ACOT7). We find lipidomic phenotypes to be reproducible across different clones of the same knockout and we observed similar phenotypes when two enzymes that catalyze subsequent steps of the long-chain fatty acid elongation cycle were targeted.
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14
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Maharaj A, Güran T, Buonocore F, Achermann JC, Metherell L, Prasad R, Çetinkaya S. Insights From Long-term Follow-up of a Girl With Adrenal Insufficiency and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Deficiency. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac020. [PMID: 35308304 PMCID: PMC8926068 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a multisystemic disorder which, in the main, incorporates steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Case Presentation We present a young girl with a novel homozygous variant in SGPL1, p.D350G, with PAI in the absence of nephrotic syndrome. In the course of 15 years of follow-up she has further developed primary hypothyroidism and while she has progressed through puberty appropriately, ovarian calcifications were noted on imaging. The p.D350G variant results in reduced protein expression of SGPL1. We demonstrate that CRISPR engineered knockout of SGPL1 in human adrenocortical (H295R) cells abrogates cortisol production. Furthermore, while wild-type SGPL1 is able to rescue cortisol production in this in vitro model of adrenal disease, this is not observed with the p.D350G mutant. Conclusion SGPL1 deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PAI with close attention paid to evolving disease on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tülay Güran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Botet-Carreras A, Montero MT, Sot J, Domènech Ò, Borrell JH. Engineering and development of model lipid membranes mimicking the HeLa cell membrane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Canals D, Clarke CJ. Compartmentalization of Sphingolipid metabolism: Implications for signaling and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108005. [PMID: 34582834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are a family of bioactive lipids implicated in a variety of cellular processes, and whose levels are controlled by an interlinked network of enzymes. While the spatial distribution of SL metabolism throughout the cell has been understood for some time, the implications of this for SL signaling and biological outcomes have only recently begun to be fully explored. In this review, we outline the compartmentalization of SL metabolism and describe advances in tools for investigating and probing compartment-specific SL functions. We also briefly discuss the implications of SL compartmentalization for cell signaling and therapeutic approaches to targeting the SL network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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17
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Hartwig P, Höglinger D. The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor PDMP Causes Lysosomal Lipid Accumulation and mTOR Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137065. [PMID: 34209164 PMCID: PMC8268262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the biology of glycosphingolipids was elucidated with the help of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitors such as 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP). Additionally, PDMP gained interest because of its chemosensitizing effects. Several studies have successfully combined PDMP and anti-cancer drugs in the context of cancer therapy. However, the mechanism of action of PDMP is not fully understood and seems to go beyond glycolipid inhibition. Here, we used a functionalized sphingosine analogue (pacSph) to investigate the acute effects of PDMP on cellular sphingolipid distribution and found that PDMP, but not other GCS inhibitors, such as ND-DNJ (also called Miglustat), induced sphingolipid accumulation in lysosomes. This effect could be connected to defective export from lysosome, as monitored by the prolonged lysosomal staining of sphingolipids as well as by a delay in the metabolic conversion of the pacSph precursor. Additionally, other lipids such as lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) and cholesterol were enriched in lysosomes upon PDMP treatment in a time-dependent manner. We could further correlate early LBPA enrichment with dissociation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) from lysosomes followed by nuclear translocation of its downtream target, transcription factor EB (TFEB). Altogether, we report here a timeline of lysosomal lipid accumulation events and mTOR inactivation arising from PDMP treatment.
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18
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Maharaj A, Williams J, Bradshaw T, Güran T, Braslavsky D, Casas J, Chan LF, Metherell LA, Prasad R. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105730. [PMID: 32682944 PMCID: PMC7482430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1P lyase) is associated with a multi-systemic disorder incorporating primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and neurological dysfunction. Accumulation of sphingolipid intermediates, as seen with loss of function mutations in SGPL1, has been implicated in mitochondrial dysregulation, including alterations in mitochondrial membrane potentials and initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis. For the first time, we investigate the impact of S1P lyase deficiency on mitochondrial morphology and function using patient-derived human dermal fibroblasts and CRISPR engineered SGPL1-knockout HeLa cells. Reduced cortisol output in response to progesterone stimulation was observed in two patient dermal fibroblast cell lines. Mass spectrometric analysis of patient dermal fibroblasts revealed significantly elevated levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine, ceramide species and sphingomyelin when compared to control. Total mitochondrial volume was reduced in both S1P lyase deficient patient and HeLa cell lines. Mitochondrial dynamics and parameters of oxidative phosphorylation were altered when compared to matched controls, though differentially across the cell lines. Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a major event in the pathogenesis of this disease, associated with severity of phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Bradshaw
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Güran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L F Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - L A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Botet-Carreras A, Montero MT, Sot J, Domènech Ò, Borrell JH. Characterization of monolayers and liposomes that mimic lipid composition of HeLa cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111288. [PMID: 32759004 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, based on several studies, we develop an artificial lipid membrane to mimic the HeLa cell membrane using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (POPS) and cholesterol (CHOL). This is then a means to further study the fusion process of specific engineered liposomes. To characterize the mimicked HeLa cell membrane, we determined a series of surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms and the isothermal compression modulus was calculated together with the dipole moment normal to the plane of the monolayer. The existence of laterally segregated domains was assessed using a fluorescence technique (Laurdan) and two microscopy techniques: Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of Langmuir-Blodgett films (LBs) extracted at 30 mN m-1. To examine the nature and composition of the observed domains, force spectroscopy (FS) based on AFM was applied to the LBs. Finally, two engineered liposome formulations were tested in a fusion assay against mimicked HeLa cell membrane LBs, showing good results and thereby opening the door to further assays and uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Botet-Carreras
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Teresa Montero
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC-UPV/HEU, Campus Universitario, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Òscar Domènech
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi H Borrell
- Secció de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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20
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Rafiee M, Sigismondo G, Kalxdorf M, Förster L, Brügger B, Béthune J, Krijgsveld J. Protease-resistant streptavidin for interaction proteomics. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9370. [PMID: 32400114 PMCID: PMC7218406 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptavidin-mediated enrichment is a powerful strategy to identify biotinylated biomolecules and their interaction partners; however, intense streptavidin-derived peptides impede protein identification by mass spectrometry. Here, we present an approach to chemically modify streptavidin, thus rendering it resistant to proteolysis by trypsin and LysC. This modification results in over 100-fold reduction of streptavidin contamination and in better coverage of proteins interacting with various biotinylated bait molecules (DNA, protein, and lipid) in an overall simplified workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud‐Reza Rafiee
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Present address:
The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Gianluca Sigismondo
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Mathias Kalxdorf
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Laura Förster
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julien Béthune
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical FacultyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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21
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Hammerschmidt P, Ostkotte D, Nolte H, Gerl MJ, Jais A, Brunner HL, Sprenger HG, Awazawa M, Nicholls HT, Turpin-Nolan SM, Langer T, Krüger M, Brügger B, Brüning JC. CerS6-Derived Sphingolipids Interact with Mff and Promote Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Obesity. Cell 2020; 177:1536-1552.e23. [PMID: 31150623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic lipid deposition and altered mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanistic link between these processes remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that the C16:0 sphingolipid synthesizing ceramide synthases, CerS5 and CerS6, affect distinct sphingolipid pools and that abrogation of CerS6 but not of CerS5 protects from obesity and insulin resistance. We identify proteins that specifically interact with C16:0 sphingolipids derived from CerS5 or CerS6. Here, only CerS6-derived C16:0 sphingolipids bind the mitochondrial fission factor (Mff). CerS6 and Mff deficiency protect from fatty acid-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro, and the two proteins genetically interact in vivo in obesity-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and development of insulin resistance. Our experiments reveal an unprecedented specificity of sphingolipid signaling depending on specific synthesizing enzymes, provide a mechanistic link between hepatic lipid deposition and mitochondrial fragmentation in obesity, and define the CerS6-derived sphingolipid/Mff interaction as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Daniela Ostkotte
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias J Gerl
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Current address: Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Hanna L Brunner
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Sprenger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Hayley T Nicholls
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Sarah M Turpin-Nolan
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Thomas Langer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Downregulation of S1P Lyase Improves Barrier Function in Human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells Following an Inflammatory Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041240. [PMID: 32069843 PMCID: PMC7072972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a key bioactive lipid that regulates a myriad of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including endothelial barrier function, vascular tone, vascular inflammation, and angiogenesis. Various S1P receptor subtypes have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of these processes, whereas the contribution of intracellular S1P (iS1P) through intracellular targets is little explored. In this study, we used the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line HCMEC/D3 to stably downregulate the S1P lyase (SPL-kd) and evaluate the consequences on endothelial barrier function and on the molecular factors that regulate barrier tightness under normal and inflammatory conditions. The results show that in SPL-kd cells, transendothelial electrical resistance, as a measure of barrier integrity, was regulated in a dual manner. SPL-kd cells had a delayed barrier build up, a shorter interval of a stable barrier, and, thereafter, a continuous breakdown. Contrariwise, a protection was seen from the rapid proinflammatory cytokine-mediated barrier breakdown. On the molecular level, SPL-kd caused an increased basal protein expression of the adherens junction molecules PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin, increased activity of the signaling kinases protein kinase C, AMP-dependent kinase, and p38-MAPK, but reduced protein expression of the transcription factor c-Jun. However, the only factors that were significantly reduced in TNFα/SPL-kd compared to TNFα/control cells, which could explain the observed protection, were VCAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and c-Jun. Furthermore, lipid profiling revealed that dihydro-S1P and S1P were strongly enhanced in TNFα-treated SPL-kd cells. In summary, our data suggest that SPL inhibition is a valid approach to dampenan inflammatory response and augmente barrier integrity during an inflammatory challenge.
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23
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Chowdhury A, Aich A, Jain G, Wozny K, Lüchtenborg C, Hartmann M, Bernhard O, Balleiniger M, Alfar EA, Zieseniss A, Toischer K, Guan K, Rizzoli SO, Brügger B, Fischer A, Katschinski DM, Rehling P, Dudek J. Defective Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Remodeling Dampens HIF-1α Expression in Hypoxia. Cell Rep 2019; 25:561-570.e6. [PMID: 30332638 PMCID: PMC6205837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill vital metabolic functions and act as crucial cellular signaling hubs, integrating their metabolic status into the cellular context. Here, we show that defective cardiolipin remodeling, upon loss of the cardiolipin acyl transferase tafazzin, decreases HIF-1α signaling in hypoxia. Tafazzin deficiency does not affect posttranslational HIF-1α regulation but rather HIF-1α gene expression, a dysfunction recapitulated in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from Barth syndrome patients with tafazzin deficiency. RNA-seq analyses confirmed drastically altered signaling in tafazzin mutant cells. In hypoxia, tafazzin-deficient cells display reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) perturbing NF-κB activation and concomitantly HIF-1α gene expression. Tafazzin-deficient mice hearts display reduced HIF-1α levels and undergo maladaptive hypertrophy with heart failure in response to pressure overload challenge. We conclude that defective mitochondrial cardiolipin remodeling dampens HIF-1α signaling due to a lack of NF-κB activation through reduced mitochondrial ROS production, decreasing HIF-1α transcription. Defective remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin dampens HIF-1α signaling ROS-mediated NF-κB activation is impaired in cardiolipin-deficient cells Defective NF-κB-mediated HIF-1α gene induction decreases the cellular response to hypoxia Deregulated cardiac response to pressure overload in Barth syndrome mouse
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chowdhury
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Wozny
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Lüchtenborg
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Magnus Hartmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Bernhard
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Balleiniger
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ezzaldin Ahmed Alfar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrè Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, GZMB, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Collenburg L, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. The neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in T cell receptor signaling and polarity. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1147-1155. [PMID: 29337691 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
By hydrolyzing its substrate sphingomyelin at the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM2) generates microdomains which serve as docking sites for signaling proteins and thereby, functions to regulate signal relay. This has been particularly studied in cellular stress responses while the regulatory role of this enzyme in the immune cell compartment has only recently emerged. In T cells, phenotypic polarization by co-ordinated cytoskeletal remodeling is central to motility and interaction with endothelial or antigen-presenting cells during tissue recruitment or immune synapse formation, respectively. This review highlights studies adressing the role of NSM2 in T cell polarity in which the enzyme plays a major role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Collenburg
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Fink J, Seibel J. Click reactions with functional sphingolipids. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1157-1168. [PMID: 29908120 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids can regulate cell recognition and signalling. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate are major players in the sphingolipid pathways and are involved in the initiation and regulation of signalling, apoptosis, stress responses and infection. Specific chemically synthesised sphingolipid derivatives containing small functionalities like azide or alkyne can mimic the biological properties of natural lipid species, which turns them into useful tools for the investigation of the highly complex sphingolipid metabolism by rapid and selective 'click chemistry' using sensitive tags like fluorophores. Subsequent analysis by various fluorescence microscopy techniques or mass spectrometry allows the identification and quantification of the corresponding sphingolipid metabolites as well as the research of associated enzymes. Here we present an overview of recent advances in the synthesis of ceramide and sphingosine analogues for bioorthogonal click reactions to study biosynthetic pathways and localization of sphingolipids for the development of novel therapeutics against lipid-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fink
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Deng Y, Pakdel M, Blank B, Sundberg EL, Burd CG, von Blume J. Activity of the SPCA1 Calcium Pump Couples Sphingomyelin Synthesis to Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Trans-Golgi Network. Dev Cell 2018; 47:464-478.e8. [PMID: 30393074 PMCID: PMC6261503 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How the principal functions of the Golgi apparatus-protein processing, lipid synthesis, and sorting of macromolecules-are integrated to constitute cargo-specific trafficking pathways originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is unknown. Here, we show that the activity of the Golgi localized SPCA1 calcium pump couples sorting and export of secreted proteins to synthesis of new lipid in the TGN membrane. A secreted Ca2+-binding protein, Cab45, constitutes the core component of a Ca2+-dependent, oligomerization-driven sorting mechanism whereby secreted proteins bound to Cab45 are packaged into a TGN-derived vesicular carrier whose membrane is enriched in sphingomyelin, a lipid implicated in TGN-to-cell surface transport. SPCA1 activity is controlled by the sphingomyelin content of the TGN membrane, such that local sphingomyelin synthesis promotes Ca2+ flux into the lumen of the TGN, which drives secretory protein sorting and export, thereby establishing a protein- and lipid-specific secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehrshad Pakdel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Birgit Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emma L Sundberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julia von Blume
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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27
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Visualizing bioactive ceramides. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:142-151. [PMID: 30266560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, ceramides have been found to mediate a myriad of biological processes. Ceramides have been recognized as bioactive molecules and their metabolizing enzymes are attractive targets in cancer therapy and other diseases. The molecular mechanism of action of cellular ceramides are still not fully established, with insights into roles through modification of lipid rafts, creation of ceramide platforms, ceramide channels, or through regulation of direct protein effectors such as protein phosphatases and kinases. Recently, the 'Many Ceramides' hypothesis focuses on distinct pools of subcellular ceramides and ceramide species as potential defined bioactive entities. Traditional methods that measure changes in ceramide levels in the whole cell, such as mass spectrometry, fluorescent ceramide analogues, and ceramide antibodies, fail to differentiate specific bioactive species at the subcellular level. However, a few ceramide binding proteins have been reported, and a smaller subgroup within these, have been shown to translocate to ceramide-enriched membranes, revealing these localized pools of bioactive ceramides. In this review we want to discuss and consolidate these works and explore the possibility of defining these binding proteins as new tools are emerging to visualize bioactive ceramides in cells. Our goal is to encourage the scientific community to explore these ceramide partners, to improve techniques to refine the list of these binding partners, making possible the identification of specific domains that recognize and bind ceramides to be used to visualize the 'Many Ceramides' in the cell.
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28
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Sundberg EL, Deng Y, Burd CG. Monitoring Sphingolipid Trafficking in Cells using Fluorescence Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 82:e67. [PMID: 30246944 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of organelle membranes that also participate in signal transduction pathways. Complex sphingolipids are trafficked from their site of synthesis in organelles of the early secretory pathway to the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, and the endo-lysosomal system. We have developed fluorescence microscopy-based methods to monitor sphingolipid trafficking in coordination with secretory protein sorting. A sphingomyelin binding protein fused to a fluorescent protein, which we term "EQ-SM," is implemented to monitor sphingomyelin trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane via secretory vesicles. A protocol is provided to determine if a query protein of interest is secreted from the cell via vesicles enriched in EQ-SM, an indication that the vesicle membrane is enriched in sphingomyelin. A complementary protocol is described that implements a chemically modified form of sphingosine, a metabolic precursor to complex sphingolipids, to visualize ceramide and complex sphingolipids in fixed cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sundberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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29
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Click chemistry in sphingolipid research. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 215:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Fledrich R, Abdelaal T, Rasch L, Bansal V, Schütza V, Brügger B, Lüchtenborg C, Prukop T, Stenzel J, Rahman RU, Hermes D, Ewers D, Möbius W, Ruhwedel T, Katona I, Weis J, Klein D, Martini R, Brück W, Müller WC, Bonn S, Bechmann I, Nave KA, Stassart RM, Sereda MW. Targeting myelin lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic strategy in a model of CMT1A neuropathy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3025. [PMID: 30072689 PMCID: PMC6072747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A), peripheral nerves display aberrant myelination during postnatal development, followed by slowly progressive demyelination and axonal loss during adult life. Here, we show that myelinating Schwann cells in a rat model of CMT1A exhibit a developmental defect that includes reduced transcription of genes required for myelin lipid biosynthesis. Consequently, lipid incorporation into myelin is reduced, leading to an overall distorted stoichiometry of myelin proteins and lipids with ultrastructural changes of the myelin sheath. Substitution of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the diet is sufficient to overcome the myelination deficit of affected Schwann cells in vivo. This treatment rescues the number of myelinated axons in the peripheral nerves of the CMT rats and leads to a marked amelioration of neuropathic symptoms. We propose that lipid supplementation is an easily translatable potential therapeutic approach in CMT1A and possibly other dysmyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - T Abdelaal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - L Rasch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - V Bansal
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - V Schütza
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - B Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - C Lüchtenborg
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - T Prukop
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - J Stenzel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - R U Rahman
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - D Hermes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - D Ewers
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - W Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - T Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - I Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - J Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - D Klein
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - R Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - W Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - W C Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - S Bonn
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - I Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - K A Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
| | - R M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
| | - M W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
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31
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Laguerre A, Schultz C. Novel lipid tools and probes for biological investigations. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 53:97-104. [PMID: 30015291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the latest advances in lipid tool development for studying cellular membrane trafficking and metabolism. We focus on chemical modifications that are introduced to natural lipid structures. The new functionalities are used to follow and interfere with lipid dynamics in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Laguerre
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Korcsmaros T, Schneider MV, Superti-Furga G. Next generation of network medicine: interdisciplinary signaling approaches. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:97-108. [PMID: 28106223 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, network approaches have transformed our understanding of biological systems. Network analyses and visualizations have allowed us to identify essential molecules and modules in biological systems, and improved our understanding of how changes in cellular processes can lead to complex diseases, such as cancer, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. "Network medicine" involves unbiased large-scale network-based analyses of diverse data describing interactions between genes, diseases, phenotypes, drug targets, drug transport, drug side-effects, disease trajectories and more. In terms of drug discovery, network medicine exploits our understanding of the network connectivity and signaling system dynamics to help identify optimal, often novel, drug targets. Contrary to initial expectations, however, network approaches have not yet delivered a revolution in molecular medicine. In this review, we propose that a key reason for the limited impact, so far, of network medicine is a lack of quantitative multi-disciplinary studies involving scientists from different backgrounds. To support this argument, we present existing approaches from structural biology, 'omics' technologies (e.g., genomics, proteomics, lipidomics) and computational modeling that point towards how multi-disciplinary efforts allow for important new insights. We also highlight some breakthrough studies as examples of the potential of these approaches, and suggest ways to make greater use of the power of interdisciplinarity. This review reflects discussions held at an interdisciplinary signaling workshop which facilitated knowledge exchange from experts from several different fields, including in silico modelers, computational biologists, biochemists, geneticists, molecular and cell biologists as well as cancer biologists and pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. and Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria and Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Trautz B, Wiedemann H, Lüchtenborg C, Pierini V, Kranich J, Glass B, Kräusslich HG, Brocker T, Pizzato M, Ruggieri A, Brügger B, Fackler OT. The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity without altering the lipid composition and organization of viral particles. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13702-13713. [PMID: 28659343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-cell restriction factor SERINC5 potently suppresses the infectivity of HIV, type 1 (HIV-1) particles, and is counteracted by the viral pathogenesis factor Nef. However, the molecular mechanism by which SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 particle infectivity is still unclear. Because SERINC proteins have been suggested to facilitate the incorporation of serine during the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and because lipid composition of HIV particles is a major determinant of the infectious potential of the particles, we tested whether SERINC5-mediated restriction of HIV particle infectivity involves alterations of membrane lipid composition. We produced and purified HIV-1 particles from SERINC5293T cells with very low endogenous SERINC5 levels under conditions in which ectopically expressed SERINC5 restricts HIV-1 infectivity and is antagonized by Nef and analyzed both virions and producer cells with quantitative lipid MS. SERINC5 restriction and Nef antagonism were not associated with significant alterations in steady-state lipid composition of producer cells and HIV particles. Sphingosine metabolism kinetics were also unaltered by SERINC5 expression. Moreover, the levels of phosphatidylserine on the surface of HIV-1 particles, which may trigger uptake into non-productive internalization pathways in target cells, did not change upon expression of SERINC5 or Nef. Finally, saturating the phosphatidylserine-binding sites on HIV target cells did not affect SERINC5 restriction or Nef antagonism. These results demonstrate that the restriction of HIV-1 particle infectivity by SERINC5 does not depend on alterations in lipid composition and organization of HIV-1 particles and suggest that channeling serine into lipid biosynthesis may not be a cardinal cellular function of SERINC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Trautz
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Hannah Wiedemann
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Virginia Pierini
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
| | - Jan Kranich
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bärbel Glass
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- the Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhardener Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- the University of Trento, Centre for Integrative Biology, 38122 Trento, Italy, and
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- the Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, INF 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, and
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34
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Sankella S, Garg A, Agarwal AK. Activation of Sphingolipid Pathway in the Livers of Lipodystrophic Agpat2-/- Mice. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:980-993. [PMID: 29264548 PMCID: PMC5686665 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A several fold increase in triacylglycerol is observed in the livers of lipodystrophic Agpat2−/− mice. We have previously reported an unexpected increase in the phosphatidic acid (PA) levels in the livers of these mice and that a few specific molecular species of PA were able to transcriptionally upregulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. In the current study, we measured the metabolites and expression of associated enzymes of the sphingolipid synthesis pathway. The entire sphingolipid pathway was activated both at the gene expression and the metabolite level. The levels of some ceramides were increased by as much as ~eightfold in the livers of Agpat2−/− mice. Furthermore, several molecular species of ceramides were increased in the plasma of Agpat2−/− mice, specifically ceramide C16:0, which was threefold elevated in the plasma of both the sexes. However, the ceramides failed to increase glucose production in mouse primary hepatocytes obtained from wild-type and Agpat2−/− mice, further establishing the specificity of PA in the induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis. This study shows elevated levels of sphingolipids in the steatotic livers of Agpat2−/− mice and increased expression of associated enzymes for the sphingolipid pathway. Therefore, this study and those in the literature suggest that ceramide C16:0 could be used as a biomarker for insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireesha Sankella
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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