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Nourbakhsh NS, Naeimi S, Moghanibashi M, Baradaran B. Bicalutamide reveals immunomodulatory effects in prostate cancer by regulating immunogenic dendritic cell maturation. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102530. [PMID: 39191051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as the second most prevalent and fifth most lethal malignancy among males. The intricate interplay between androgen signaling and the immune microenvironment underscores the complexity of prostate cancer progression. Notably, androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been shown to affect immune response mediated by tumor antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of Bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal anti-androgen, in modulating DCs-mediated immune responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and monocytes were extracted, followed by their differentiation into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) using GM-CSF and IL-4. Harvested tumor cell lysates from human prostate cancer cells were then utilized to induce the transformation of iDCs into mature dendritic cells (mDCs). Then, mDCs were treated with non-toxic concentration of Bicalutamide determined by annexin V/PI assay. The morphological characteristics of mDCs were investigated using an inverted light microscope. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell surface expression of molecular markers of DC maturation, and qRT-PCR was employed to evaluate expression levels of proinflammatory genes involved in DC maturation. The obtained results indicated that Bicalutamide treatment of monocyte-derived mDCs induces an immunogenic and matured phenotype, marked by increased expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. Besides, qRT-PCR results evidenced that Bicalutamide decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, including Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TGF-beta, as an indication of immunogenic DCs. These findings suggest that beyond its established anti-androgen role, Bicalutamide may exert anti-tumor effects through the modulation of DCs-mediated immune responses. This novel immunomodulatory feature holds promise for the development of novel therapies, including combination therapies, in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirous Naeimi
- Department of Biology, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Nelli M, Kuka M. The dual nature of T DC - bridging dendritic and T cells in immunity. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39118296 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
TDC are hematopoietic cells with unique features that provide intriguing insights into the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. They express a combination of conventional dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell markers and are found in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), lungs and liver of naïve mice, as well as in human blood. When analyzed ex vivo, TDC can behave either as DCs or as T cells, depending on the provided stimuli. Notably, TDC numbers and activation significantly increase in SLOs following viral infection, suggesting a potential role for TDC in antiviral immune responses. In this review, we discuss the properties of these fascinating cells, which call for more investigation on their physiological role during immune responses to both pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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3
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Al-Mansori A, Al-Sbiei A, Bashir GH, Qureshi MM, Tariq S, Altahrawi A, al-Ramadi BK, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ. Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition on immune cells in the murine intestinal mucosa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33849. [PMID: 39071679 PMCID: PMC11283160 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI) is the largest immune organ whose function is controlled by a complex network of neurons from the enteric nervous system (ENS) as well as the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Evolving evidence indicates that cross-communication between gut-innervating neurons and immune cells regulates many essential physiological functions including protection against mucosal infections. We previously demonstrated that following paraoxon treatment, 70 % of the mice were able to survive an oral infection with S. typhimurium, a virulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The present study aims to investigate the effect that rivastigmine, a reversible AChE inhibitor used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, has on the murine immune defenses of the intestinal mucosa. Our findings show that, similar to what is observed with paraoxon, administration of rivastigmine promoted the release of secretory granules from goblet and Paneth cells, resulting in increased mucin layer. Surprisingly, however, and unlike paraoxon, rivastigmine treatment did not affect overall mortality of infected mice. In order to investigate the mechanistic basis for the differential effects observed between paraoxon and rivastigmine, we used multi-color flowcytometric analysis to characterize the immune cell landscape in the intraepithelial (IE) and lamina propria (LP) compartments of intestinal mucosa. Our data indicate that treatment with paraoxon, but not rivastigmine, led to an increase of resident CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the ileal mucosa (epithelium and lamina propria) and CD11b- CD11c+ dendritic cells in the LP. Our findings indicate the requirement for persistent cholinergic pathway engagement to effect a change in the cellular landscape of the mucosal tissue that is necessary for protection against lethal bacterial infections. Moreover, optimal protection requires a collaboration between innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alreem Al-Mansori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada H. Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed M. Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Altahrawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Giovenzana A, Bezzecchi E, Bichisecchi A, Cardellini S, Ragogna F, Pedica F, Invernizzi F, Di Filippo L, Tomajer V, Aleotti F, Scotti GM, Socci C, Cesana G, Olmi S, Morelli MJ, Falconi M, Giustina A, Bonini C, Piemonti L, Ruggiero E, Petrelli A. Fat-to-blood recirculation of partially dysfunctional PD-1 +CD4 Tconv cells is associated with dysglycemia in human obesity. iScience 2024; 27:109032. [PMID: 38380252 PMCID: PMC10877684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1+CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. These cells showed enhanced capacity to recirculate into the bloodstream and had a non-restricted TCRβ repertoire divergent from that of normoglycemic obese and lean individuals. PD-1+CD4 Tconv were reduced in the circulation of OB-Dys, exhibited an altered migration potential, and were detected in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The findings suggest a potential role for partially dysfunctional PD-1+CD4 Tconv cells as inter-organ mediators of IR in obese patients with dysglycemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Olmi
- San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Falconi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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5
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Heger L, Heidkamp GF, Amon L, Nimmerjahn F, Bäuerle T, Maier A, Erber R, Hartmann A, Hack CC, Ruebner M, Huebner H, Fasching P, Beckmann MW, Dudziak D. Unbiased high-dimensional flow cytometry identified NK and DC immune cell signature in Luminal A-type and triple negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2023; 13:2296713. [PMID: 38170155 PMCID: PMC10761100 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and a highly heterogeneous disease. Four different subtypes are described that differ in the expression of hormone receptors as well as the growth factor receptor HER2. Treatment modalities and survival rate depend on the subtype of breast cancer. However, it is still not clear which patients benefit from immunotherapeutic approaches such as checkpoint blockade. Thus, we aimed to decipher the immune cell signature of the different breast cancer subtypes based on high-dimensional flow cytometry followed by unbiased approaches. Here, we show that the frequency of NK cells is reduced in Luminal A and B as well as triple negative breast cancer and that the phenotype of residual NK cells is changed toward regulatory CD11b-CD16- NK cells. Further, we found higher frequencies of PD-1+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in triple negative breast cancer. Moreover, while Luminal A-type breast cancer was enriched for CD14+ cDC2 (named type 3 DC (DC3)), CD14- cDC2 (named DC2) were more frequent in triple negative breast cancer. In contrast, HER2-enriched breast cancer did not show major alterations in the composition of the immune cell compartment in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that patients with Luminal A- and B-type as well as triple negative breast cancer might benefit from immunotherapeutic approaches targeting NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gordon F. Heidkamp
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Chair of Computer Science 5 (Pattern Recognition), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C. Hack
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Fasching
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany Jena/Leipzig, Jena, Germany
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6
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Fiore A, Sala E, Laura C, Riba M, Nelli M, Fumagalli V, Oberrauch F, Mangione M, Cristofani C, Provero P, Iannacone M, Kuka M. A fluorescent reporter model for the visualization and characterization of T DC. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350529. [PMID: 37741290 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
TDC are hematopoietic cells that combine dendritic cell (DC) and conventional T-cell markers and functional properties. They were identified in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) of naïve mice as cells expressing CD11c, major histocompatibility molecules (MHC)-II, and the T-cell receptor (TCR). Despite thorough characterization, a physiological role for TDC remains to be determined. Unfortunately, using CD11c as a marker for TDC has the caveat of its upregulation on different cells, including T cells, upon activation. Here, we took advantage of Zbtb46-GFP reporter mice to explore the frequency and localization of TDC in different tissues at steady state and upon viral infection. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that TDC sorted from Zbtb46-GFP mice have a gene signature that is distinct from conventional T cells and DC. In addition, this reporter model allowed for identification of TDC in situ not only in SLOs but also in the liver and lung of naïve mice. Interestingly, we found that TDC numbers in the SLOs increased upon viral infection, suggesting that TDC might play a role during viral infections. In conclusion, we propose a visualization strategy that might shed light on the physiological role of TDC in several pathological contexts, including infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fiore
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sala
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Laura
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Nelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta Mangione
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristofani
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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7
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Lin JP, Brake A, Donadieu M, Lee A, Kawaguchi R, Sati P, Geschwind DH, Jacobson S, Schafer DP, Reich DS. A 4D transcriptomic map for the evolution of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in the marmoset brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559371. [PMID: 37808784 PMCID: PMC10557631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-time-point histopathological studies on postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue fail to capture lesion evolution dynamics, posing challenges for therapy development targeting development and repair of focal inflammatory demyelination. To close this gap, we studied experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in the common marmoset, the most faithful animal model of these processes. Using MRI-informed RNA profiling, we analyzed ~600,000 single-nucleus and ~55,000 spatial transcriptomes, comparing them against EAE inoculation status, longitudinal radiological signals, and histopathological features. We categorized 5 groups of microenvironments pertinent to neural function, immune and glial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and regulatory network at brain borders. Exploring perilesional microenvironment diversity, we uncovered central roles of EAE-associated astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and ependyma in lesion formation and resolution. We pinpointed imaging and molecular features capturing the pathological trajectory of WM, offering potential for assessing treatment outcomes using marmoset as a platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexis Brake
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maxime Donadieu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amanda Lee
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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8
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Yamada NO, Wenduerma, Senda T. Altered microbiota caused by disordered gut motility leads to an overactivation of intestinal immune system in APC1638T mice. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:177-186. [PMID: 36995439 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is recognized as an antioncogene related to familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancers. However, APC is a large protein with multiple binding partners, indicating APC has diverse roles besides as a tumor suppressor. We have ever studied the roles of APC by using APC1638T/1638T (APC1638T) mice. Through those studies, we have noticed stools of APC1638T mice were smaller than those of APC+/+ mice and hypothesized there be a disturbance in fecal formation processes in APC1638T mice. The gut motility was morphologically analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of the Auerbach's plexus. Gut microbiota was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). IgA concentration in stools was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As results, macroscopic findings suggestive of large intestinal dysmotility and microscopic findings of disorganization and inflammation of the plexus were obtained in APC1638T mice. An alteration of microbiota composition, especially increased Bacteroidetes population was observed. Increases in IgA positive cells and dendritic cells in the ileum with high fecal IgA concentration were also confirmed, suggesting over-activation of gut immunity. Our findings will contribute to our understanding of APC's functions in the gastrointestinal motility, and lead to a development of novel therapies for gut dysmotility-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami O Yamada
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Wenduerma
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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9
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Zeng B, Moi D, Tolley L, Molotkov N, Frazer IH, Perry C, Dolcetti R, Mazzieri R, Cruz JLG. Skin-Grafting and Dendritic Cell "Boosted" Humanized Mouse Models Allow the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2023; 12:2094. [PMID: 37626903 PMCID: PMC10453599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been hailed as one of the most remarkable medical advancements in human history, and their potential for treating cancer by generating or expanding anti-tumor T cells has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the limited efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in clinical trials can be partially attributed to the inadequacy of current preclinical mouse models in recapitulating the complexities of the human immune system. In this study, we developed two innovative humanized mouse models to assess the immunogenicity and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV16) antigens and delivering tumor antigens to human CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both models were based on the transference of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunocompromised HLA-A*02-NSG mice (NSG-A2), where the use of fresh PBMCs boosted the engraftment of human cells up to 80%. The dynamics of immune cells in the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 mice demonstrated that T cells constituted the vast majority of engrafted cells, which progressively expanded over time and retained their responsiveness to ex vivo stimulation. Using the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 system, we generated a hyperplastic skin graft model expressing the HPV16-E7 oncogene. Remarkably, human cells populated the skin grafts, and upon vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding an HPV16-E6/E7 protein, rapid rejection targeted to the E7-expressing skin was detected, underscoring the capacity of the model to mount a vaccine-specific response. To overcome the decline in DC numbers observed over time in PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 animals, we augmented the abundance of CD141+ DCs, the specific targets of our tailored nanoemulsions (TNEs), by transferring additional autologous PBMCs pre-treated in vitro with the growth factor Flt3-L. The Flt3-L treatment bolstered CD141+ DC numbers, leading to potent antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, which caused the regression of pre-established triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma tumors following CD141+ DC-targeting TNE vaccination. Notably, using HLA-A*02-matching PBMCs for humanizing NSG-A2 mice resulted in a delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and enhanced the efficacy of the TNE vaccination compared with the parental NSG strain. In conclusion, we successfully established two humanized mouse models that exhibited strong antigen-specific responses and demonstrated tumor regression following vaccination. These models serve as valuable platforms for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting HPV16-dysplastic skin and diverse tumor antigens specifically delivered to CD141+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zeng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Natalie Molotkov
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Hector Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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10
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Hora B, Li H, Shen X, Martin M, Chen Y, Berry M, Evangelous T, Macintyre AN, Arus-Altuz A, Wang S, Singh A, Zhao C, De Naeyer N, DeMarco T, Kuykendall C, Gurley T, Saunders KO, Denny T, Moody MA, Misamore J, Lewis MG, Wiehe K, Cain DW, Montefiori DC, Shaw GM, Williams WB. Neonatal SHIV infection in rhesus macaques elicited heterologous HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112255. [PMID: 36924501 PMCID: PMC10117998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 have been shown to develop neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against heterologous HIV-1 strains, characteristic of broadly nAbs (bnAbs). Thus, having a neonatal model for the induction of heterologous HIV-1 nAbs may provide insights into the mechanisms of neonatal bnAb development. Here, we describe a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction in pathogenic simian-HIV (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Viral envelope (env) evolution showed mutations at multiple sites, including nAb epitopes. All 13 RMs generated plasma autologous HIV-1 nAbs. However, 8/13 (62%) RMs generated heterologous HIV-1 nAbs with increasing potency over time, albeit with limited breadth, and mapped to multiple nAb epitopes, suggestive of a polyclonal response. Moreover, plasma heterologous HIV-1 nAb development was associated with antigen-specific, lymph-node-derived germinal center activity. We define a neonatal model for heterologous HIV-1 nAb induction that may inform future pediatric HIV-1 vaccines for bnAb induction in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitchell Martin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aria Arus-Altuz
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajay Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyan Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole De Naeyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Kuykendall
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thaddeus Gurley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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11
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Turnier JL, Yee CM, Madison JA, Rizvi SM, Berthier CC, Wen F, Kahlenberg JM. Imaging Mass Cytometry Reveals Predominant Innate Immune Signature and Endothelial-Immune Cell Interaction in Juvenile Myositis Compared to Lupus Skin. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:2024-2031. [PMID: 35762881 PMCID: PMC9771877 DOI: 10.1002/art.42283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cutaneous inflammation can signal disease in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), but we do not fully understand cellular mechanisms of cutaneous inflammation. In this study, we used imaging mass cytometry to characterize cutaneous inflammatory cell populations and cell-cell interactions in juvenile DM as compared to cSLE. METHODS We performed imaging mass cytometry analysis on skin biopsy samples from juvenile DM patients (n = 6) and cSLE patients (n = 4). Tissue slides were processed and incubated with metal-tagged antibodies for CD14, CD15, CD16, CD56, CD68, CD11c, HLA-DR, blood dendritic cell antigen 2, CD20, CD27, CD138, CD4, CD8, E-cadherin, CD31, pan-keratin, and type I collagen. Stained tissue was ablated, and raw data were acquired using the Hyperion imaging system. We utilized the Phenograph unsupervised clustering algorithm to determine cell marker expression and permutation test by histoCAT to perform neighborhood analysis. RESULTS We identified 14 cell populations in juvenile DM and cSLE skin, including CD14+ and CD68+ macrophages, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells. Overall, cSLE skin had a higher inflammatory cell infiltrate, with increased CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells and immune cell-immune cell interactions. Juvenile DM skin displayed a stronger innate immune signature, with a higher overall percentage of CD14+ macrophages and prominent endothelial cell-immune cell interaction. CONCLUSION Our findings identify immune cell population differences, including CD14+ macrophages, pDCs, and CD8+ T cells, in juvenile DM skin compared to cSLE skin, and highlight a predominant innate immune signature and endothelial cell-immune cell interaction in juvenile DM, providing insight into candidate cell populations and interactions to better understand disease-specific pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Turnier
- Divison of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christine M. Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Madison
- Divison of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Syed M. Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C. Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Zhao T, Liu S, Ding X, Johnson EM, Hanna NH, Singh K, Sen CK, Wan J, Du H, Yan C. Lysosomal acid lipase, CSF1R, and PD-L1 determine functions of CD11c+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156623. [PMID: 35917184 PMCID: PMC9536279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of neutral lipids. In the blood of LAL-deficient (Lal-/-) mice, increased CD11c+ cells were accompanied by upregulated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Lal-/- CD11c+ cells identified 2 distinctive clusters with a major metabolic shift toward glucose utilization and reactive oxygen species overproduction. Pharmacologically blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase in glycolysis not only reduced CD11c+ cells and their PD-L1 expression but also reversed their capabilities of T cell suppression and tumor growth stimulation. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) played an essential role in controlling Lal-/- CD11c+ cell homeostasis and function and PD-L1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of LAL activity increased CD11c, PD-L1, and CSF1R levels in both normal murine myeloid cells and human blood cells. Tumor-bearing mice and human patients with non-small cell lung cancer also showed CD11c+ cell expansion with PD-L1 and CSF1R upregulation and immunosuppression. There were positive correlations among CD11c, PD-L1, and CSF1R expression and negative correlations with LAL expression in patients with lung cancer or melanoma using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and patient samples. Therefore, CD11c+ cells switched their functions to immune suppression and tumor growth stimulation through CSF1R/PD-L1 upregulation and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Sheng Liu
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | | | | | | | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
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13
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Byrnes JR, Weeks AM, Shifrut E, Carnevale J, Kirkemo L, Ashworth A, Marson A, Wells JA. Hypoxia Is a Dominant Remodeler of the Effector T Cell Surface Proteome Relative to Activation and Regulatory T Cell Suppression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100217. [PMID: 35217172 PMCID: PMC9006863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impair T cell function and limit the antitumor immune response. T cell surface receptors and surface proteins that influence interactions and function in the TME are proven targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, how the entire surface proteome remodels in primary human T cells in response to specific suppressive factors in the TME remains to be broadly and systematically characterized. Here, using a reductionist cell culture approach with primary human T cells and stable isotopic labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative cell surface capture glycoproteomics, we examined how two immunosuppressive TME factors, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and hypoxia, globally affect the activated CD8+ surface proteome (surfaceome). Surprisingly, coculturing primary CD8+ T cells with Tregs only modestly affected the CD8+ surfaceome but did partially reverse activation-induced surfaceomic changes. In contrast, hypoxia drastically altered the CD8+ surfaceome in a manner consistent with both metabolic reprogramming and induction of an immunosuppressed state. The CD4+ T cell surfaceome similarly responded to hypoxia, revealing a common hypoxia-induced surface receptor program. Our surfaceomics findings suggest that hypoxic environments create a challenge for T cell activation. These studies provide global insight into how Tregs and hypoxia remodel the T cell surfaceome and we believe represent a valuable resource to inform future therapeutic efforts to enhance T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amy M Weeks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Carnevale
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Kirkemo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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14
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Mollet I, Martins C, Ângelo-Dias M, Carvalho AS, Aloria K, Matthiesen R, Baptista MV, Borrego LM, Vieira HL. Pilot study in human healthy volunteers on the mechanisms underlying remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) – Targeting circulating immune cells and immune-related proteins. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW New insight into altered B cell distribution including newly identified subsets and abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as their role in immune protection are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS SLE carries characteristic B cell abnormalities, which offer new insights into B cell differentiation and their disturbances including discoveries of pathogenic B cell subsets and intrinsic B cell abnormalities. A recent study in SLE found that antigen-experienced B cell subsets lacking expression of CD27 and IgD defined by their lack of CXCR5 and CD19low expression are expanded in SLE and represent plasmablasts likely escaping proper selection. In terms of therapeutic targeting with broader coverage than rituximab, second-generation anti-CD20, anti-CD38 and CD19-CART treatment experiences have advanced our understanding recently. However, the key role of qualitative and quantitative B cell requirements in connection with T cells became apparent during SARS-Cov2 infection and vaccination, especially in patients with gradual B cell impairments by rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide. SUMMARY Identification and characterization relevant B cell subsets together with altered regulatory mechanisms in SLE facilitates new approaches in targeting pathogenic B cells but require consideration of preservation of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Szelinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Krajewski D, Paul D, Ge S, Jellison E, Pachter JS. Appearance of claudin-5 + leukocyte subtypes in the blood and CNS during progression of EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:296. [PMID: 34933669 PMCID: PMC8691042 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tight junctions (TJs) are membrane specializations characteristic of barrier-forming membranes, which function to seal the aqueous pathway between endothelial cells or epithelial cells and, thereby, obstruct intercellular solute and cellular movement. However, previous work from our laboratory found that claudin-5 (CLN-5), a TJ protein prominent at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), was also detected, ectopically, on leukocytes (CLN-5+) in the blood and central nervous system (CNS) of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that is a model for multiple sclerosis. CLN-5 was further shown to be transferred from endothelial cells to circulating leukocytes during disease, prompting consideration this action is coupled to leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) into the CNS by fostering transient interactions between corresponding leukocyte and endothelial junctional proteins at the BBB. Methods To begin clarifying the significance of CLN-5+ leukocytes, flow cytometry was used to determine their appearance in the blood and CNS during EAE. Results Flow cytometric analysis revealed CLN-5+ populations among CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes and neutrophils, and these appeared with varying kinetics and to different extents in both blood and CNS. CLN-5 levels on circulating T cells further correlated highly with activation state. And, the percentage of CLN-5+ cells among each of the subtypes analyzed was considerably higher in CNS tissue than in blood, consistent with the interpretation that CLN-5+ leukocytes gain preferred access to the CNS. Conclusion Several leukocyte subtypes variably acquire CLN-5 in blood before they enter the CNS, an event that may represent a novel mechanism to guide leukocytes to sites for paracellular diapedesis across the BBB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02328-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Krajewski
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Debayon Paul
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,PureTech Health, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Shujun Ge
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,Department of Immunology, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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17
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Nugent JL, Singh A, Wirth KM, Oppler SH, Hocum Stone L, Janecek JL, Sheka AC, Kizy S, Moore MEG, Staley C, Hering BJ, Ramachandran S, Ikramuddin S, Graham ML. A nonhuman primate model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy facilitates mechanistic and translational research in human obesity. iScience 2021; 24:103421. [PMID: 34877488 PMCID: PMC8633018 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic significantly contributes to overall morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery is the gold standard treatment for obesity and metabolic dysfunction, yet the mechanisms by which it exerts metabolic benefit remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in nonhuman primates (NHP) that mimics the complexity and outcomes in humans. We also show that VSG confers weight loss and durable metabolic benefit, where equivalent caloric intake in shams resulted in significant weight gain following surgery. Furthermore, we show that VSG is associated with early, weight-independent increases in bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation with a polarization of VAT-resident immunocytes toward highly regulatory myeloid cells and Tregs. These data demonstrate that this strongly translational NHP model can be used to interrogate factors driving successful intervention to unravel the interplay between physiologic systems and improve therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Nugent
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Keith M Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Scott Hunter Oppler
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Laura Hocum Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jody L Janecek
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Adam C Sheka
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Scott Kizy
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Meghan E G Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Sabarinathan Ramachandran
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | | | - Melanie L Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.,Preclinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 295 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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18
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Dridi M, Papoudou-Bai A, Kanavaros P, Perard M, Clemenson A, Chauleur C, Peoc’h M, Karpathiou G. The immune microenvironment of the hydatidiform mole. Hum Pathol 2021; 120:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Guo AL, Zhao JF, Gao L, Huang HH, Zhang JY, Zhang C, Song JW, Xu RN, Fan X, Shi M, Jiao YM, Wang FS. HIV-1-Specific CD11c + CD8 + T Cells Display Low PD-1 Expression and Strong Anti-HIV-1 Activity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757457. [PMID: 34721433 PMCID: PMC8554207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells prevents optimal control of HIV-1 infection. Identifying unconventional CD8+ T cell subsets to effectively control HIV-1 replication is vital. In this study, the role of CD11c+ CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection was evaluated. The frequencies of CD11c+ CD8+ T cells significantly increased and were negatively correlated with viral load in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients. HIV-1-specific cells were enriched more in CD11c+ CD8+ T cells than in CD11c- CD8+ T cells, which could be induced by HIV-1-derived overlapping peptides, marking an HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell population. This subset expressed higher levels of activating markers (CD38 and HLA-DR), cytotoxic markers (granzyme B, perforin, and CD107a), and cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α), with lower levels of PD-1 compared to the CD11c- CD8+ T cell subset. In vitro analysis verified that CD11c+ CD8+ T cells displayed a stronger HIV-1-specific killing capacity than the CD11c- counterparts. These findings indicate that CD11c+ CD8+ T cells have potent immunotherapeutic efficacy in controlling HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Liang Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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20
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Srinivasan S, Elizabeth Babensee J. Dendritic cells support a proliferative antigen-specific T-cell response in the presence of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2269-2279. [PMID: 33960123 PMCID: PMC11246169 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are known to modulate immune cell functions, which subsequently determine the host inflammatory and immune responses. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA, a biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterial, induces a pro-inflammatory, mature phenotype in antigen presentation cells, namely dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In vivo, PLGA can boost the humoral immune response to a co-delivered model antigen, a phenomenon known as the PLGA-adjuvant effect. This study elucidates the link between PLGA's effect on the DC phenotype in vitro and its adjuvant effect in vivo using the CD11c-DTR mouse model. These mice undergo conditional ablation of DCs upon treatment with diphtheria toxin. To measure immune activation, the mice were first given ovalbumin (OVA)-reactive T cells from OT-II/OT-I mice. Later, the same mice received subcutaneous OVA-loaded PLGA scaffold implants. In response to the scaffold implants, OVA-reactive OT-II CD4+ T cells showed decreased proliferation in the absence of CD11c+ DCs, indicating an attenuation of the PLGA-adjuvant effect. Furthermore, PLGA may also influence the antigen cross-presentation function of DCs, as evident with the lowered OVA-reactive OT-I CD8+ T-cell response. Understanding the immunomodulatory ability of biomaterials in the context of DCs will aid in designing improved DC-based immunotherapies against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Srinivasan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia Elizabeth Babensee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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21
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Li XL, Zeng S, He HP, Zeng X, Peng LL, Chen LG. A Hybrid Glioma Tumor Cell Lysate Immunotherapy Vaccine Demonstrates Good Clinical Efficacy in the Rat Model. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8109-8124. [PMID: 32884294 PMCID: PMC7438187 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s259516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional immunotherapy for glioma is not only expensive but also demonstrates less-than-desired clinical efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the immunotherapeutic efficacy of a tumor cell lysate-based hybrid glioma vaccine developed using a molecular-based approach. Methods First, the ability of the autologous (9L-cell lysate) and allogeneic (C6-cell lysate) vaccines against glioma, individually and in combination, to activate Fischer344 rat dendritic cells (DCs) was determined. Next, the activated DCs were co-cultured with T lymphocytes and screened for the optimal DC-to-T-cell ratio. The in vitro efficacy of the DC/T-cell vaccine formulations subjected to different immunogen treatments and co-cultured with glioma cells was evaluated based on glioma cell viability and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. Subsequently, the efficacy of the 9L + C6 hybrid vaccine was evaluated in 32 glioma rat models, randomly allocated to the following five treatment groups: blank control, tumor, vaccine treatment, thymosin treatment, and vaccine + thymosin treatment (combined treatment). Changes in survival duration, intracranial tumor volume, peripheral blood immune-cell (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and natural killer [NK] cell) count, and serum cytokine (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-10) levels were assessed in these groups. Results The hybrid vaccine demonstrated the highest glioma cell apoptosis and the lowest cell viability and promoted MCP-2 and IFN-γ secretion in vitro. The vaccine treatment and combined treatment groups demonstrated longer survival duration, lower intracranial tumor volume, and higher immune cell glioma tissue infiltration and IL-2 secretion than the untreated tumor group, indicating the vaccine's good in vivo efficacy. Thymosin treatment had minimal effect in enhancing anti-glioma immunity. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of combining autologous and allogeneic tumor cell lysates to stimulate specific host cell immune response against glioma cells. The good clinical efficacy of our developed glioma hybrid vaccine in rat models suggests its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China.,Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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22
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Manouchehri N, Hussain RZ, Cravens PD, Doelger R, Greenberg BM, Okuda DT, Forsthuber TG, Eagar TN, Stüve O. Limitations of cell-lineage-specific non-dynamic gene recombination in CD11c.Cre +ITGA4 fl/fl mice. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 344:577245. [PMID: 32335319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cre-lox system is a non-dynamic method of gene modification and characterization. Promoters thought to be relatively cell-specific are utilized for generation of cell-lineage-specific gene modifications. METHODS CD11c.Cre+ITGA4fl/fl mice were generated to abolish the expression of ITGA (α4-integrin) in CD11c+ cells. Ex vivo flow cytometry studies were used to assess the expression of cellular surface markers in different lymphoid compartments and leukocytes subsets after Cre-mediated recombination. RESULTS A significant reduction of α4-integrin expression among CD11c+- cells was achieved in CD11c.Cre+ITGA4fl/fl mice in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. A similar reduction in the expression of α4-integrin was also observed in CD11c- cells. CONCLUSION Cre-lox-mediated cell lineage-specific gene deletion is limited by the transient expression of recombination regulating sequences in hematopoietic cell lines. These methodological issues indicate the need to consider when to employ non-dynamic DNA recombination models in animal models of CNS autoimmunity. An experimental algorithm to address the biological complexities of non-dynamic gene recombination is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Manouchehri
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rehana Z Hussain
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Petra D Cravens
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Doelger
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darin T Okuda
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Todd N Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, USA
| | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA; Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Fyrstenberg Laursen M, Kofod-Olsen E, Agger R. Activation of dendritic cells by targeted DNA: a potential addition to the armamentarium for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1875-1880. [PMID: 31559451 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in immunotherapy against cancer. Specifically, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the field. However, many patients are unable to benefit significantly from this treatment option. One of the major reasons for this is most likely the absence of an adequate tumor-specific T cell response in these patients. A way to circumvent this problem might be to combine immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment with new strategies to activate tumor-specific T cells. One such strategy could be to activate and mature dendritic cells in situ. Dendritic cells carry an array of external and internal pattern recognition receptors that induce cell activation and maturation when interacting with their corresponding damage-associated or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs or PAMPs). Targeting such molecular patterns directly to dendritic cells might be a way to evoke stronger immune responses. Here, we review our recent findings using antibody-targeted DNA. We summarize the results from our experiments showing that dendritic cells can be actively targeted in vivo through the αXβ2 integrin subunit CD11c, and that DNA delivered through this receptor in vitro leads to maturation of dendritic cells via the cytosolic cGAS/STING DNA-sensing pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fyrstenberg Laursen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Emil Kofod-Olsen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ralf Agger
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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24
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Shaabani N, Honke N, Nguyen N, Huang Z, Arimoto KI, Lazar D, Loe TK, Lang KS, Prinz M, Knobeloch KP, Zhang DE, Teijaro JR. The probacterial effect of type I interferon signaling requires its own negative regulator USP18. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/27/eaau2125. [PMID: 30266866 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling paradoxically impairs host immune responses during many primary and secondary bacterial infections. Lack of IFN-I receptor reduces bacterial replication and/or bacterial persistence during infection with several bacteria. However, the mechanisms that mediate the adverse IFN-I effect are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Usp18, an interferon-stimulated gene that negatively regulates IFN-I signaling, is primarily responsible for the deleterious effect of IFN-I signaling during infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus Mechanistically, USP18 promoted bacterial replication by inhibiting antibacterial tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling. Deleting IFNAR1 or USP18 in CD11c-Cre+ cells similarly reduced bacterial titers in multiple organs and enhanced survival. Our results demonstrate that inhibiting USP18 function can promote control of primary and secondary bacterial infection by enhancing the antibacterial effect of TNF-α, which correlates with induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings suggest that USP18 could be targeted therapeutically in patients to ameliorate disease caused by serious bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Honke
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology, Hiller Research Center Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nhan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kei-Ichiro Arimoto
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Lazar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taylor K Loe
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Division of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Schloss J, Ali R, Babad J, Guerrero-Ros I, Pongsachai J, He LZ, Keler T, DiLorenzo TP. Development and Characterization of a Preclinical Model for the Evaluation of CD205-Mediated Antigen Delivery Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:236-253. [PMID: 31356169 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the production of adaptive immune responses to disease-causing microbes. However, in the steady state (i.e., in the absence of an infection or when Ags are experimentally delivered without a DC-activating adjuvant), DCs present Ags to T cells in a tolerogenic manner and are important for the establishment of peripheral tolerance. Delivery of islet Ags to DCs using Ag-linked Abs to the DC endocytic receptor CD205 has shown promise in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It is important to note, however, that all myeloid DCs express CD205 in humans, whereas in mice, only one of the classical DC subsets does (classical DC1; CD8α+ in spleen). Thus, the evaluation of CD205-targeted treatments in mice will likely not accurately predict the results observed in humans. To overcome this challenge, we have developed and characterized a novel NOD mouse model in which all myeloid DCs transgenically express human CD205 (hCD205). This NOD.hCD205 strain displays a similar T1D incidence profile to standard NOD mice. The presence of the transgene does not alter DC development, phenotype, or function. Importantly, the DCs are able to process and present Ags delivered via hCD205. Because Ags taken up via hCD205 can be presented on both class I and class II MHC, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can be modulated. As both T cell subsets are important for T1D pathogenesis, NOD.hCD205 mice represent a unique, patient-relevant tool for the development and optimization of DC-directed T1D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schloss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Riyasat Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jeffrey Babad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | | | - Jillamika Pongsachai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Hampton, NJ 08827
| | - Teresa P DiLorenzo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; .,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.,Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; and.,The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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26
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Lu R, Groer C, Kleindl PA, Moulder KR, Huang A, Hunt JR, Cai S, Aires DJ, Berkland C, Forrest ML. Formulation and preclinical evaluation of a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist as an anti-tumoral immunomodulator. J Control Release 2019; 306:165-176. [PMID: 31173789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist Resiquimod (R848) has been recognized as a promising immunostimulator for the treatment of cutaneous cancers in multiple clinical trials. However, systemic administration of R848 often results in strong immune-related toxicities while having limited therapeutic effects to the tumor. In the present study, a prodrug-based nanocarrier delivery system was developed that exhibited high therapeutic efficiency. R848 was conjugated to α-tocopherol to constitute an R848-Toco prodrug, followed by formulating with a tocopherol-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Toco) as a polymeric nano-suspension. In vitro evaluation showed that the delivery system prolonged the release kinetics while maintaining TLR agonist activities. When administered subcutaneously, the nano-suspension formed a depot at the injection site, inducing localized immune responses without systemic expansion. This formulation also suppressed tumor growth and recruited immune cells to the tumor in a murine model of head and neck cancer. In a preclinical canine study of spontaneous mast cell tumors, the treatment led to a 67% response rate (three partial remissions and one complete remission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Chad Groer
- HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - K Ryan Moulder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jordan R Hunt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Aires
- HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America; HylaPharm LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America.
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27
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Xu MM, Ménoret A, Nicholas SAE, Günther S, Sundberg EJ, Zhou B, Rodriguez A, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Direct CD137 costimulation of CD8 T cells promotes retention and innate-like function within nascent atherogenic foci. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1480-H1494. [PMID: 30978132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00088.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8 T cells infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions and are correlated with cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms regulating their recruitment and retention are not well understood. CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory receptor induced on immune cells and expressed at sites of human atherosclerotic plaque. Genetic variants associated with decreased CD137 expression correlate with carotid-intimal thickness and its deficiency in animal models attenuates atherosclerosis. These effects have been attributed in part to endothelial responses to low and disturbed flow (LDF), but CD137 also generates robust effector CD8 T cells as a costimulatory signal. Thus, we asked whether CD8 T cell-specific CD137 stimulation contributes to their infiltration, retention, and IFNγ production in early atherogenesis. We tested this through adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells into recipient C57BL/6J mice that were then antigen primed and CD137 costimulated. We analyzed atherogenic LDF vessels in normolipidemic and PCSK9-mediated hyperlipidemic models and utilized a digestion protocol that allowed for lesional T-cell characterization via flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation. We found that CD137 activation, specifically of effector CD8 T cells, triggers their intimal infiltration into LDF vessels and promotes a persistent innate-like proinflammatory program. Residence of CD137+ effector CD8 T cells further promoted infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells with IFNγ-producing potential, whereas CD137-deficient CD8 T cells exhibited impaired vessel infiltration, minimal IFNγ production, and reduced infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells. Our studies thus provide novel insight into how CD137 costimulation of effector T cells, independent of plaque-antigen recognition, instigates their retention and promotes innate-like responses from immune infiltrates within atherogenic foci. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies identify CD137 costimulation as a stimulus for effector CD8 T-cell infiltration and persistence within atherogenic foci, regardless of atherosclerotic-antigen recognition. These costimulated effector cells, which are generated in pathological states such as viral infection and autoimmunity, have innate-like proinflammatory programs in circulation and within the atherosclerotic microenvironment, providing mechanistic context for clinical correlations of cardiovascular morbidity with increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and markers of activation in the absence of established antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sarah-Anne E Nicholas
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Annabelle Rodriguez
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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28
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Bediako Y, Adams R, Reid AJ, Valletta JJ, Ndungu FM, Sodenkamp J, Mwacharo J, Ngoi JM, Kimani D, Kai O, Wambua J, Nyangweso G, de Villiers EP, Sanders M, Lotkowska ME, Lin JW, Manni S, Addy JWG, Recker M, Newbold C, Berriman M, Bejon P, Marsh K, Langhorne J. Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children. BMC Med 2019; 17:60. [PMID: 30862316 PMCID: PMC6415347 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are over 200 million reported cases of malaria each year, and most children living in endemic areas will experience multiple episodes of clinical disease before puberty. We set out to understand how frequent clinical malaria, which elicits a strong inflammatory response, affects the immune system and whether these modifications are observable in the absence of detectable parasitaemia. METHODS We used a multi-dimensional approach comprising whole blood transcriptomic, cellular and plasma cytokine analyses on a cohort of children living with endemic malaria, but uninfected at sampling, who had been under active surveillance for malaria for 8 years. Children were categorised into two groups depending on the cumulative number of episodes experienced: high (≥ 8) or low (< 5). RESULTS We observe that multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system. Children who had experienced a large number of episodes demonstrated upregulation of interferon-inducible genes, a clear increase in circulating levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and enhanced activation of neutrophils, B cells and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic analysis together with cytokine and immune cell profiling of peripheral blood can robustly detect immune differences between children with different numbers of prior malaria episodes. Multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system in children. Such immune modifications may have implications for the initiation of subsequent immune responses and the induction of vaccine-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J Reid
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | - Jan Sodenkamp
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Present Address: Transla TUM, Zentralinstitut für translationale Krebsforschung der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Joyce Mwongeli Ngoi
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Present Address: West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Oscar Kai
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Etienne P de Villiers
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mandy Sanders
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Magda Ewa Lotkowska
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jing-Wen Lin
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Present Address: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University and Collaboration Innovation Centre, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Chris Newbold
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.,Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kevin Marsh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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29
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Shin MS, Yim K, Moon K, Park HJ, Mohanty S, Kim JW, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Krishnaswamy S, Kang I. Dissecting alterations in human CD8+ T cells with aging by high-dimensional single cell mass cytometry. Clin Immunol 2019; 200:24-30. [PMID: 30659916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of aging on the multi-dimensional characteristics and heterogeneity of human peripheral CD8+ T cells defined by the expression of a set of molecules at the single cell level using the recently developed mass cytometry or Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) and computational algorithms. CD8+ T cells of young and older adults had differential expression of molecules, especially those related to cell activation and migration, permitting the clustering of young and older adults through an unbiased approach. The changes in the expression of individual molecules were collectively reflected in the altered high-dimensional profiles of CD8+ T cells in older adults as visualized by the dimensionality reduction analysis tools principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). A combination of PhenoGraph clustering and t-SNE analysis revealed heterogeneous subsets of CD8+ T cells that altered with aging. Furthermore, intermolecular quantitative relationships in CD8+ T cells appeared to change with age as determined by the computational algorithm conditional-Density Resampled Estimate of Mutual Information (DREMI). The results of our study showed that heterogeneity, multidimensional characteristics, and intermolecular quantitative relationships in human CD8+ T cells altered with age, distinctively clustering young and older adults through an unbiased approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kristina Yim
- Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kevin Moon
- Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph W Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Departments of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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30
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Rostamzadeh D, Haghshenas MR, Daryanoosh F, Samadi M, Hosseini A, Ghaderi A, Mojtahedi Z, Babaloo Z. Altered frequency of CD8
+
CD11c
+
T cells and expression of immunosuppressive molecules in lymphoid organs of mouse model of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:11986-11998. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rostamzadeh
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Samadi
- Department of Sports Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Unit, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Head of Immunology Department Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
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31
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Cantero J, Genescà M. Maximizing the immunological output of the cervicovaginal explant model. J Immunol Methods 2018; 460:26-35. [PMID: 29894750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the field of sexually transmitted infections (STI), the cervicovaginal explant (CVEx) model, not only provides the opportunity to study the different immunological arms present in these tissues under steady state conditions, but also their response against ex vivo infection with relevant pathogens. The methodology associated to the establishment of the HIV infection model in the cervicovaginal tissue was described in detail by Grivel et al. earlier (Grivel and Margolis, 2009). With this model as a foundation, we illustrate different approaches to obtain a large number of immunological readouts from a single piece of tissue, thus maximizing the immunological output obtained. Additionally, we discuss several ideas to study some of the immunological subsets present in this mucosal tissue by enriching them with the addition of distinct chemokines or specifically inducing their activation. Importantly, most of the methodology and concepts proposed here can be applied to study the immune subsets resident in other tissues. In the field of mucosal immunology, the possibility of studying resident immune subsets from tissue explants offers a great opportunity to understand the real players against invading pathogens and localized pathologies. Furthermore, this model allows for addressing the therapeutic benefit of modulating the activity of certain molecules and immune subsets against invading pathogens, which may infer their contribution to pathogen control and direct novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cantero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Carretera de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebrón, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Mucosal Immunology Unit, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Carretera de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
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32
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Siegers GM. Integral Roles for Integrins in γδ T Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 29593745 PMCID: PMC5859029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion receptors on the cell surface that enable cells to respond to their environment. Most integrins are heterodimers, comprising α and β type I transmembrane glycoprotein chains with large extracellular domains and short cytoplasmic tails. Integrins deliver signals through multiprotein complexes at the cell surface, which interact with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins to influence gene expression, cell proliferation, morphology, and migration. Integrin expression on γδ T cells (γδTc) has not been systematically investigated; however, reports in the literature dating back to the early 1990s reveal an understated role for integrins in γδTc function. Over the years, integrins have been investigated on resting and/or activated peripheral blood-derived polyclonal γδTc, γδTc clones, as well as γδ T intraepithelial lymphocytes. Differences in integrin expression have been found between αβ T cells (αβTc) and γδTc, as well as between Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδTc. While most studies have focused on human γδTc, research has also been carried out in mouse and bovine models. Roles attributed to γδTc integrins include adhesion, signaling, activation, migration, tissue localization, tissue retention, cell spreading, cytokine secretion, tumor infiltration, and involvement in tumor cell killing. This review attempts to encompass all reports of integrins expressed on γδTc published prior to December 2017, highlights areas warranting further investigation, and discusses the relevance of integrin expression for γδTc function.
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33
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Non-identical twins: Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:110-121. [PMID: 29174917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are involved in essential physiological and serious pathological processes. Their main role is to ensure a closely regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeletal network enabling cells to react to environmental stimuli. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and type 4 (CR4, αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) are members of the β2-integrin family expressed on most white blood cells. Both receptors bind multiple ligands like iC3b, ICAM, fibrinogen or LPS. β2-integrins are accepted to play important roles in cellular adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, ECM rearrangement and inflammation. Several pathological conditions are linked to the impaired functions of these receptors. CR3 and CR4 are generally thought to mediate overlapping functions in monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, therefore the potential distinctive role of these receptors has not been investigated so far in satisfactory details. Lately it has become clear that a functional segregation has evolved between the two receptors regarding phagocytosis, cellular adhesion and podosome formation. In addition to their tasks on myeloid cells, the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 on lymphocytes have also gained interest recently. The picture is further complicated by the fact that while these β2-integrins are expressed by immune cells both in mice and humans, there are significant differences in their expression level, functions and the pathological consequences of genetic defects. Here we aim to summarize our current knowledge on CR3 and CR4 and highlight the functional differences between these receptors, involving their expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells of both men and mice.
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34
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Kaiser Y, Lakshmikanth T, Chen Y, Mikes J, Eklund A, Brodin P, Achour A, Grunewald J. Mass Cytometry Identifies Distinct Lung CD4 + T Cell Patterns in Löfgren's Syndrome and Non-Löfgren's Syndrome Sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1130. [PMID: 28955342 PMCID: PMC5601005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by accumulation of activated CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Disease phenotypes Löfgren’s syndrome (LS) and “non-LS” differ in terms of clinical manifestations, genetic background, HLA association, and prognosis, but the underlying inflammatory mechanisms largely remain unknown. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from four HLA-DRB1*03+ LS and four HLA-DRB1*03− non-LS patients were analyzed by mass cytometry, using a panel of 33 unique markers. Differentially regulated CD4+ T cell populations were identified using the Citrus algorithm, and t-stochastic neighborhood embedding was applied for dimensionality reduction and single-cell data visualization. We identified 19 individual CD4+ T cell clusters differing significantly in abundance between LS and non-LS patients. Seven clusters more frequent in LS patients were characterized by significantly higher expression of regulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, and ICOS, along with low expression of adhesion marker CD44. In contrast, 12 clusters primarily found in non-LS displayed elevated expression of activation and effector markers HLA-DR, CD127, CD39, as well as CD44. Hierarchical clustering further indicated functional heterogeneity and diverse origins of T cell receptor Vα2.3/Vβ22-restricted cells in LS. Finally, a near-complete overlap of CD8 and Ki-67 expression suggested larger influence of CD8+ T cell activity on sarcoid inflammation than previously appreciated. In this study, we provide detailed characterization of pulmonary T cells and immunological parameters that define separate disease pathways in LS and non-LS. With direct association to clinical parameters, such as granuloma persistence, resolution, or chronic inflammation, these results provide a valuable foundation for further exploration and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Kaiser
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Chen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Mikes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Dimayuga PC, Zhao X, Yano J, Lio WM, Zhou J, Mihailovic PM, Cercek B, Shah PK, Chyu KY. Identification of apoB-100 Peptide-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005318. [PMID: 28711866 PMCID: PMC5586274 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background T cells are found in atherosclerotic plaques, with evidence supporting a potential role for CD8+ T cells in atherogenesis. Prior studies provide evidence of low‐density lipoprotein and apoB‐100 reactive T cells, yet specific epitopes relevant to the disease remain to be defined. The current study was undertaken to identify and characterize endogenous, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results A peptide fragment of apoB‐100 that tested positive for binding to the mouse MHC‐I allele H2Kb was used to generate a fluorescent‐labeled H2Kb pentamer and tested in apoE−/− mice. H2Kb pentamer(+)CD8+ T cells were higher in apoE−/− mice fed an atherogenic diet compared with those fed a normal chow. H2Kb pentamer (+)CD8+ T cells in atherogenic diet–fed mice had significantly increased effector memory phenotype with a shift in Vβ profile. H2Kb pentamer blocked lytic activity of CD8+ T cells from atherogenic diet–fed mice. Immunization of age‐matched apoE−/− mice with the apoB‐100 peptide altered the immune‐dominant epitope of CD8+ T cells and reduced atherosclerosis. Conclusions Our study provides evidence of a self‐reactive, antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell population in apoE−/− mice. Immune modulation using the peptide antigen reduced atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Dimayuga
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juliana Yano
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wai Man Lio
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jianchang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter M Mihailovic
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bojan Cercek
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kuang-Yuh Chyu
- Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
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36
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Abstract
The complement system is reemerging in the last few years not only as key element of innate immunity against pathogens, but also as a main regulator of local adaptive responses, affecting dendritic cells as well as T and B lymphocytes. We review data showing that leucocytes are capable of significant autocrine synthesis of complement proteins, and express a large range of complement receptors, which in turn regulate their differentiation and effector functions while cross talking with other innate receptors such as Toll-like receptors. Other unconventional roles of complement proteins are reviewed, including their impact in non-leukocytes and their intracellular cleavage by vesicular proteases, which generate critical cues required for T cell function. Thus, leucocytes are very much aware of complement-derived information, both extracellular and intracellular, to elaborate their responses, offering rich avenues for therapeutic intervention and new hypothesis for conserved major histocompatibility complex complotypes.
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