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Pedroza-Torres A, Romero-Córdoba SL, Montaño S, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Vélez-Uriza DE, Arriaga-Canon C, Guajardo-Barreto X, Bautista-Sánchez D, Sosa-León R, Hernández-González O, Díaz-Chávez J, Alvarez-Gómez RM, Herrera LA. Radio-miRs: a comprehensive view of radioresistance-related microRNAs. Genetics 2024:iyae097. [PMID: 38963803 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a key treatment option for a wide variety of human tumors, employed either alone or alongside with other therapeutic interventions. Radiotherapy uses high-energy particles to destroy tumor cells, blocking their ability to divide and proliferate. The effectiveness of radiotherapy is due to genetic and epigenetic factors that determine how tumor cells respond to ionizing radiation. These factors contribute to the establishment of resistance to radiotherapy, which increases the risk of poor clinical prognosis of patients. Although the mechanisms by which tumor cells induce radioresistance are unclear, evidence points out several contributing factors including the overexpression of DNA repair systems, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and enrichment of cancer stem cell populations. In this context, dysregulation of microRNAs or miRNAs, critical regulators of gene expression, may influence how tumors respond to radiation. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs may act as sensitizers or enhancers of radioresistance, regulating key processes such as the DNA damage response and the cell death signaling pathway. Furthermore, expression and activity of miRNAs have shown informative value in overcoming radiotherapy and long-term radiotoxicity, revealing their potential as biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the response to radiotherapy and highlight the central role of miRNAs in regulating the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular radioresistance. We will also review radio-miRs, radiotherapy-related miRNAs, either as sensitizers or enhancers of radioresistance that hold promise as biomarkers or pharmacological targets to sensitize radioresistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Programa Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Mexico City C.P. 03940, Mexico
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Sandra L Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (FCQB-UAS), Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62100, Mexico
| | - Dora Emma Vélez-Uriza
- Laboratorio de Traducción y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64710, Mexico
| | - Xiadani Guajardo-Barreto
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Diana Bautista-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Sosa-León
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Olivia Hernández-González
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarraa Ibarra", Mexico City C.P. 14389, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Alvarez-Gómez
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64710, Mexico
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2
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Perez-Favila A, Garza-Veloz I, Hernandez-Marquez LDS, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Flores-Morales V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1562. [PMID: 38338840 PMCID: PMC10855955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the health and economy of the global population. Even after recovery from the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, such as pulmonary fibrosis, continue to be a concern. This narrative review aims to address pulmonary fibrosis (PF) from various perspectives, including the fibrotic mechanisms involved in idiopathic and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, we also discuss the current therapeutic drugs in use, as well as those undergoing clinical or preclinical evaluation. Additionally, this article will address various biomarkers with usefulness for PF prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and severity assessment in order to provide better treatment strategies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y CS, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (I.G.-V.); (L.d.S.H.-M.); (E.F.G.-V.); (V.F.-M.)
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3
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Yu Z, Xu C, Song B, Zhang S, Chen C, Li C, Zhang S. Tissue fibrosis induced by radiotherapy: current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic advances. J Transl Med 2023; 21:708. [PMID: 37814303 PMCID: PMC10563272 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chaoyu Xu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, 621099, China.
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Chałubińska-Fendler J, Nowicka Z, Dróżdż I, Graczyk Ł, Piotrowski G, Tomasik B, Spych M, Fijuth J, Papis-Ubych A, Kędzierawski P, Kozono D, Fendler W. Radiation-induced circulating microRNAs linked to echocardiography parameters after radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150979. [PMID: 37274244 PMCID: PMC10232985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients treated with radiotherapy to the chest region are at risk of cardiac sequelae, however, identification of those with greatest risk of complications remains difficult. Here, we sought to determine whether short-term changes in circulating miRNA expression are related to measures of cardiac dysfunction in follow-up. Materials and methods Two parallel patient cohorts were enrolled and followed up for 3 years after completion of RT to treat left-sided breast cancer. In the primary group (N=28) we used a a panel of 752 miRNAs to identify miRNAs associated with radiation and cardiac indices at follow up. In the second, independent cohort (N=56) we validated those candidate miRNAs with a targeted qPCR panel. In both cohorts. serum samples were collected before RT, 24h after the last dose and 1 month after RT; cardiac echocardiography was performed 2.5-3 year after RT. Results Seven miRNAs in the primary group showed marked changes in serum miRNAs immediately after RT compared to baseline and associations with cardiopulmonary dose-volume histogram metrics. Among those miRNAs: miR-15b-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-424-5p and miR-451a were confirmed to show significant decrease of expression 24 hours post-RT in the validation cohort. Moreover, miR-29c, miR-451 and miR-424 were correlated with the end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle, which was also confirmed in multivariable analysis adjusting for RT-associated factors. Conclusion We identified a subset of circulating miRNAs predictive for cardiac function impairment in patients treated for left-sided breast cancer, although longer clinical observation could determine if these can be used to predict major clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Izabela Dróżdż
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Graczyk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Center of Radom, Radom, Poland
- Department of Teleradiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Piotrowski
- Cardiooncology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
- Cardiology Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Tomasik
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Spych
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Fijuth
- Department of Teleradiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Papis-Ubych
- Department of Teleradiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - David Kozono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Prasanna PGS, Aryankalayil M, Citrin DE, Coleman CN. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis: roles of therapy-induced senescence and microRNAs. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36763093 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2177768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Progressive, irreversible radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a clinically significant intermediate- to a late-occurring side effect of radiotherapy. Known mechanisms of RIPF include oxidative stress-induced activation of TGF-β with activation of SMAD signaling, TNF-α elaboration, and activation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) mediated production of angiotensin II with resulting activation of profibrotic cytokine signaling and vasoconstriction. The pioneering work of John Moulder, to whom this paper is dedicated, and several of his colleagues demonstrated that inhibiting the conversion of ACE with drugs such as Captopril, Enalapril, and Losartan can ameliorate radiation fibrosis in various tissues. While this work led several groups to probe mechanism-based pharmacological mitigation of RIPF, in this article, we explore and discuss the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in the pathogenesis of and potential biomarkers for RIPF. CONCLUSION Our analysis of the published literature in the last decade on RIPF, miRNA, and TIS identifies TIS as a mechanism in the onset and progression of RIPF, which is regulated through several miRNAs. This work may lead to the discovery and development of the next generation of miRNA therapeutics and/or the repurposing of approved pharmaceutical agents and the development of early biomarker panels to predict RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pataje G S Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Radiation Oncology Branch, The National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Mehrabani M, Mohammadyar S, Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Ahmadi B, Nematollahi MH, Mirtajaddini Goki M, Bahrampour Juybari K, Amirkhosravi A. Boosting therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis: The role of genetic modification and preconditioning strategies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1001-1015. [PMID: 37605719 PMCID: PMC10440137 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69023.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of severe lung diseases, in which the lung parenchyma is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The result is a remarkable reduction in pulmonary compliance, which may lead to respiratory failure and even death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most prevalent form of PF, with no reasonable etiology. However, some factors are believed to be behind the etiology of PF, including prolonged administration of several medications (e.g., bleomycin and amiodarone), environmental contaminant exposure (e.g., gases, asbestos, and silica), and certain systemic diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). Despite significant developments in the diagnostic approach to PF in the last few years, efforts to find more effective treatments remain challenging. With their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, stem cells may provide a promising approach for treating a broad spectrum of fibrotic conditions. However, they may lose their biological functions after long-term in vitro culture or exposure to harsh in vivo situations. To overcome these limitations, numerous modification techniques, such as genetic modification, preconditioning, and optimization of cultivation methods for stem cell therapy, have been adopted. Herein, we summarize the previous investigations that have been designed to assess the effects of stem cell preconditioning or genetic modification on the regenerative capacity of stem cells in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sohaib Mohammadyar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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7
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Song J, Xu M, Wang T, Hao J, Li W, Lu X, Wang L, Zhang H, Kong X, Zhang X. Exosomal miRNAs contribute to coal dust particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114454. [PMID: 38321673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a fatal occupational disease caused by inhalation of coal dust particles, which leads to progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, as new signal carriers for intercellular communication, exosomal miRNAs have been validated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. However, the research on exosomal miRNAs in CWP is still in the preliminary stage. Here, using miRNA sequencing, exosomal miRNA profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by coal dust particles were analyzed, and the underlying biological function of putative target genes was explored by GO term analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. According to the results, intratracheal instillation of coal dust particles can alter the exosomal miRNAs expression in the BALF of rats. Further bioinformatics analysis provided some clues to reveal their function in pathological process of pneumoconiosis. More importantly, we identified 4 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-26a-5p, and miRNA-34a-5p) by qRT‑PCR and further verified the temporal changes in the expression of these exosomal miRNAs in animal models from 2 weeks to 16 weeks postexposure. In addition, we conducted a preliminary study on Smad7 as a potential target of miRNA-21-5p and found that exosomal miRNA 21-5p/Smad7 may contribute to the pulmonary fibrosis induced by coal dust particles. Our study confirmed the contribution of exosomal miRNAs to coal dust particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis and provided new insights into the pathogenesis of CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Mengtong Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiarui Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Kong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Lai X, Najafi M. Redox Interactions in Chemo/Radiation Therapy-induced Lung Toxicity; Mechanisms and Therapy Perspectives. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1261-1276. [PMID: 35792117 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220705123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity is a key limiting factor for cancer therapy, especially lung, breast, and esophageal malignancies. Radiotherapy for chest and breast malignancies can cause lung injury. However, systemic cancer therapy with chemotherapy may also induce lung pneumonitis and fibrosis. Radiotherapy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly via interacting with water molecules within cells. However, radiation and other therapy modalities may induce the endogenous generation of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) by immune cells and some nonimmune cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. There are several ROS generating enzymes within lung tissue. NADPH Oxidase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2), and the cellular respiratory system in the mitochondria are the main sources of ROS production following exposure of the lung to anticancer agents. Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a key role in the generation of NO following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Continuous generation of ROS and NO by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes causes apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence, which lead to the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox-induced lung injury following cancer therapy and proposes some targets and perspectives to alleviate lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lai
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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9
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Bertho A, Dos Santos M, Braga-Cohen S, Buard V, Paget V, Guipaud O, Tarlet G, Milliat F, François A. Preclinical Model of Stereotactic Ablative Lung Irradiation Using Arc Delivery in the Mouse: Is Fractionation Worthwhile? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:794324. [PMID: 35004768 PMCID: PMC8739220 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.794324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung stereotactic body radiation therapy is characterized by a reduction in target volumes and the use of severely hypofractionated schedules. Preclinical modeling became possible thanks to rodent-dedicated irradiation devices allowing accurate beam collimation and focal lung exposure. Given that a great majority of publications use single dose exposures, the question we asked in this study was as follows: in incremented preclinical models, is it worth using fractionated protocols or should we continue focusing solely on volume limitation? The left lungs of C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed to ionizing radiation using arc therapy and 3 × 3 mm beam collimation. Three-fraction schedules delivered over a period of 1 week were used with 20, 28, 40, and 50 Gy doses per fraction. Lung tissue opacification, global histological damage and the numbers of type II pneumocytes and club cells were assessed 6 months post-exposure, together with the gene expression of several lung cells and inflammation markers. Only the administration of 3 × 40 Gy or 3 × 50 Gy generated focal lung fibrosis after 6 months, with tissue opacification visible by cone beam computed tomography, tissue scarring and consolidation, decreased club cell numbers and a reactive increase in the number of type II pneumocytes. A fractionation schedule using an arc-therapy-delivered three fractions/1 week regimen with 3 × 3 mm beam requires 40 Gy per fraction for lung fibrosis to develop within 6 months, a reasonable time lapse given the mouse lifespan. A comparison with previously published laboratory data suggests that, in this focal lung irradiation configuration, administering a Biological Effective Dose ≥ 1000 Gy should be recommended to obtain lung fibrosis within 6 months. The need for such a high dose per fraction challenges the appropriateness of using preclinical highly focused fractionation schedules in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sarah Braga-Cohen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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10
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Jordan NP, Tingle SJ, Shuttleworth VG, Cooke K, Redgrave RE, Singh E, Glover EK, Ahmad Tajuddin HB, Kirby JA, Arthur HM, Ward C, Sheerin NS, Ali S. MiR-126-3p Is Dynamically Regulated in Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition during Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168629. [PMID: 34445337 PMCID: PMC8395326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In fibrotic diseases, myofibroblasts derive from a range of cell types including endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are key regulators in biological processes but their profile is relatively understudied in EndMT. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), EndMT was induced by treatment with TGFβ2 and IL1β. A significant decrease in endothelial markers such as VE-cadherin, CD31 and an increase in mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin were observed. In parallel, miRNA profiling showed that miR-126-3p was down-regulated in HUVECs undergoing EndMT and over-expression of miR-126-3p prevented EndMT, maintaining CD31 and repressing fibronectin expression. EndMT was investigated using lineage tracing with transgenic Cdh5-Cre-ERT2; Rosa26R-stop-YFP mice in two established models of fibrosis: cardiac ischaemic injury and kidney ureteric occlusion. In both cardiac and kidney fibrosis, lineage tracing showed a significant subpopulation of endothelial-derived cells expressed mesenchymal markers, indicating they had undergone EndMT. In addition, miR-126-3p was restricted to endothelial cells and down-regulated in murine fibrotic kidney and heart tissue. These findings were confirmed in patient kidney biopsies. MiR-126-3p expression is restricted to endothelial cells and is down-regulated during EndMT. Over-expression of miR-126-3p reduces EndMT, therefore, it could be considered for miRNA-based therapeutics in fibrotic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P. Jordan
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
- Inserm U1082, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Samuel J. Tingle
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Victoria G. Shuttleworth
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Katie Cooke
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Esha Singh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Emily K. Glover
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Hafiza B. Ahmad Tajuddin
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - John A. Kirby
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.E.R.); (E.S.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Chris Ward
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Neil S. Sheerin
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Simi Ali
- Theme-Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.P.J.); (S.J.T.); (V.G.S.); (K.C.); (E.K.G.); (H.B.A.T.); (J.A.K.); (C.W.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)191-208-7158
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11
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Wang S, Li J, He Y, Ran Y, Lu B, Gao J, Shu C, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Hao Y. Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120584. [PMID: 33887395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a complication commonly found in victims suffering from nuclear accidents and patients treated with chest tumor radiotherapy, and drugs are limited for effective prevention and treatment. Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short. In order to prolong the metabolism period of MET, we prepared MET entrapped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (MET/PLGANPS) for the treatment of RILI. As a result, the release rate of MET/PLGANPS in vitro was lower than MET, with stable physical properties, and it caused no changes in histopathology and biochemical indicators. After 2 weeks and 16 weeks of irradiation with the dose of 15 Gy, MET and MET/PLGANPS could reduce the expression of caspase-3 proteins, inflammatory factors, TGF-β1 and Smad3 to alleviate radiation-induced lung injury. MET/PLGANPS showed better therapeutic effect on RILI than MET. In addition, we also found that high expression of miR-21 could increase the expression levels of TGF-β1, and inhibit the protective effect of MET/PLGANPS. In conclusion, MET/PLGANPS may alleviate RILI by inhibiting the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which would provide a new target for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Normal University, No.37, Middle University Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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12
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Chen Y, Cui J, Gong Y, Wei S, Wei Y, Yi L. MicroRNA: a novel implication for damage and protection against ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15584-15596. [PMID: 33533004 PMCID: PMC7854028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a form of high energy. It poses a serious threat to organisms, but radiotherapy is a key therapeutic strategy for various cancers. It is significant to reduce radiation injury but maximize the effect of radiotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptionally regulatory factors involved in cellular radioresponse. In this review, we show how miRNAs regulate important genes on cellular response to IR-induced damage and how miRNAs participate in IR-induced carcinogenesis. Additionally, we summarize the experimental and clinical evidence for miRNA involvement in radiotherapy and discuss their potential for improvement of radiotherapy. Finally, we highlight the role that miRNAs play in accident exposure to IR or radiotherapy as predictive biomarker. miRNA therapeutics have shown great perspective in radiobiology; miRNA may become a novel strategy for damage and protection against IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cui
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Gong
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyun Wei
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yi
- Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhou LY, Lin SN, Rieder F, Chen MH, Zhang SH, Mao R. Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Intestinal Fibrosis of Crohn's Disease: The Path From Bench to Bedside. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:971-982. [PMID: 33324986 PMCID: PMC8344842 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major pathway to organ injury and failure, accounting for more than one-third of deaths worldwide. Intestinal fibrosis causes irreversible and serious clinical complications, such as strictures and obstruction, secondary to a complex pathogenesis. Under the stimulation of profibrotic soluble factors, excessive activation of mesenchymal cells causes extracellular matrix deposition via canonical transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling or other pathways (eg, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in intestinal fibrogenesis. In recent studies, the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) stands out in fibrotic diseases in that ncRNAs exhibit a remarkable variety of biological functions in modulating the aforementioned fibrogenic responses. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs, including the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, in intestinal fibrogenesis. Notably, the translational potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of intestinal fibrosis is discussed based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs. The main points of this review include the following: • Characteristics of ncRNAs and mechanisms of intestinal fibrogenesis • Wide participation of ncRNAs (especially the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs) in intestinal fibrosis, including transforming growth factor-β signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling • Translational potential of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal fibrosis based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
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14
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Xu LM, Yu H, Yuan YJ, Zhang J, Ma Y, Cao XC, Wang J, Zhao LJ, Wang P. Overcoming of Radioresistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by microRNA-320a Through HIF1α-Suppression Mediated Methylation of PTEN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:553733. [PMID: 33304897 PMCID: PMC7693713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.553733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance is a major challenge in the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer while microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to participate in multiple essential cellular processes including radiosensitization. This study was conducted with the main objective of investigating the potential role of miR-320a in radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via the possible mechanism related to HIF1α, KDM5B, and PTEN. Methods Firstly, NSCLC radiosensitivity-related microarray dataset GSE112374 was obtained. Then, the expression of miR-320a, HIF1α, KDM5B, and PTEN was detected in the collected clinical NSCLC samples, followed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Subsequently, ChIP assay was conducted to determine the content of the PTEN promoter fragment enriched by the IgG antibody and H3K4me3 antibody. Finally, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed in order to evaluate the effects of miR-320a on radioresistance of NSCLC with the involvement of HIF1α, KDM5B, and PTEN. Results The microarray dataset GSE112374 presented with a high expression of miR-320a in NSCLC radiosensitivity samples, which was further confirmed in our clinical samples with the use of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, miR-320a negatively targeted HIF1α, inhibiting radioresistance of NSCLC. Interestingly, miR-320a suppressed the expression of KDM5B, and KDM5B was found to enhance the radioresistance of NSCLC through the downregulation of PTEN expression. The inhibition of miR-320a in radioresistance of NSCLC was also reproduced by in vivo assay. Conclusion Taken together, our findings were suggestive of the inhibitory effect of miR-320a on radioresistance of NSCLC through HIF1α-suppression mediated methylation of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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15
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Guo H, Zhao X, Su H, Ma C, Liu K, Kong S, Liu K, Li H, Chang J, Wang T, Guo H, Wei H, Fu Z, Lv X, Li Y. miR-21 is upregulated, promoting fibrosis and blocking G2/M in irradiated rat cardiac fibroblasts. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10502. [PMID: 33354435 PMCID: PMC7733651 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation exposure of the thorax is associated with a greatly increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality even after several decades of advancement in the field. Although many studies have demonstrated the damaging influence of ionizing radiation on cardiac fibroblast (CF) structure and function, myocardial fibrosis, the molecular mechanism behind this damage is not well understood. miR-21, a small microRNA, promotes the activation of CFs, leading to cardiac fibrosis. miR-21 is overexpressed after irradiation; however, the relationship between increased miR-21 and myocardial fibrosis after irradiation is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate gene expression after radiation-induced CF damage and the role of miR-21 in this process in rats. Methods We sequenced irradiated rat CFs and performed weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis to observe the effect on the expression profile of CF genes after radiation. Results DEG analysis showed that the degree of gene changes increased with the radiation dose. WGCNA revealed three module eigengenes (MEs) associated with 8.5-Gy-radiation—the Yellow, Brown, Blue modules. The three module eigengenes were related to apoptosis, G2/M phase, and cell death and S phase, respectively. By blocking with the cardiac fibrosis miRNA miR-21, we found that miR-21 was associated with G2/M blockade in the cell cycle and was mainly involved in regulating extracellular matrix-related genes, including Grem1, Clu, Gdf15, Ccl7, and Cxcl1. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR was performed to verify the expression of these genes. Five genes showed higher expression after 8.5 Gy-radiation in CFs. The target genes of miR-21 predicted online were Gdf15 and Rsad2, which showed much higher expression after treatment with antagomir-miR-21 in 8.5-Gy-irradiated CFs. Thus, miR-21 may play the role of fibrosis and G2/M blockade in regulating Grem1, Clu, Gdf15, Ccl7, Cxcl1, and Rsad2 post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lan Zhou University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China.,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China.,Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- Department of Interventional Section, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Bei Jing, China
| | - Haixiang Su
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Chengxu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Shanshan Kong
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Kedan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Juan Chang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Hongyun Guo
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- Department of Interventional Section, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fu
- Department of Interventional Section, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Xinfang Lv
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lan Zhou University, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China.,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lan Zhou, Gan Su, China
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16
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Fang Y, Tian J, Fan Y, Cao P. Latest progress on the molecular mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9811-9820. [PMID: 33230784 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious life-threatening lung disease, and the median survival period of PF patients after diagnosis is only 2.5-3.5 years. At present, there are no effective drugs or therapeutics to reverse or even inhibit IPF. The main pathological characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) include damage to alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix accumulation, which gradually lead to damage to the lung structure and decreased lung function. It is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PF comprehensively and clearly. In this paper, critical signaling pathways related to PF were reviewed to present updates on the molecular mechanisms of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingya Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Xie Y, Abel PW, Wei P, Plowman J, Toews ML, Strah H, Siddique A, Bailey KL, Tu Y. TGF-β1-induced miR-424 promotes pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation by targeting Slit2 protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114172. [PMID: 32712053 PMCID: PMC8742596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease with irreversible loss of lung tissue and function. Myofibroblasts in the lung are key cellular mediators of IPF progression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a major profibrogenic cytokine, induces pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation, and emerging evidence has established the importance of microRNAs (miRs) in the development of IPF. The objective of this study was to define the pro-fibrotic roles and mechanisms of miRs in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, we identified miR-424 as an important TGF-β1-induced miR in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that miR-424 expression was increased by 2.6-fold in HLFs in response to TGF-β1 and was 1.7-fold higher in human fibrotic lung tissues as compared to non-fibrotic lung tissues. TGF-β1-induced upregulation of miR-424 was blocked by the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3, suggesting the involvement of this canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Transfection of a miR-424 hairpin inhibitor into HLFs reduced TGF-β1-induced expression of classic myofibroblast differentiation markers including ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑ-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), whereas a miR-424 mimic significantly enhanced TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. In addition, TGF-β1 induced Smad3 phosphorylation in HLFs, and this response was reduced by the miR-424 inhibitor. In silico analysis identified Slit2, a protein that inhibits TGF-β1 profibrogenic signaling, as a putative target of regulation by miR-424. Slit2 is less highly expressed in human fibrotic lung tissues than in non-fibrotic lung tissues, and knockdown of Slit2 by its siRNA enhanced TGF-β1-induced HLF differentiation. Overexpression of a miR-424 mimic down-regulated expression of Slit2 but not the Slit2 major receptor ROBO1 in HLFs. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the miR-424 mimic represses Slit2 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) reporter activity, and mutations at the seeding regions in the 3'-UTR of Slit2 abolish this inhibition. Together, these data demonstrate a pro-fibrotic role of miR-424 in TGF-β1-induced HLF differentiation. It functions as a positive feed-back regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by reducing expression of the negative regulator Slit2. Thus, targeting miR-424 may provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent myofibroblast differentiation and IPF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Peter W Abel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jocelyn Plowman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heather Strah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Critical Care, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aleem Siddique
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Critical Care, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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18
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Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Amini P, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3129-3159. [PMID: 32072238 PMCID: PMC11104832 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
- Misan Radiotherapy Center, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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19
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Wadowska K, Trembecki Ł, Bil-Lula I. Markers Useful in Monitoring Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Lung Cancer Patients: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030072. [PMID: 32722546 PMCID: PMC7565537 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, lung cancer was the most common cancer and the most common cause of cancer death, accounting for a 1.76 million deaths. Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used and effective non-surgical cancer treatment that induces remission in, and even cures, patients with lung cancer. However, RT faces some restrictions linked to the radioresistance and treatment toxicity, manifesting in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). About 30–40% of lung cancer patients will develop RILI, which next to the local recurrence and distant metastasis is a substantial challenge to the successful management of lung cancer treatment. These data indicate an urgent need of looking for novel, precise biomarkers of individual response and risk of side effects in the course of RT. The aim of this review was to summarize both preclinical and clinical approaches in RILI monitoring that could be brought into clinical practice. Next to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) that was reported as one of the most important growth factors expressed in the tissues after ionizing radiation (IR), there is a group of novel, potential biomarkers—microRNAs—that may be used as predictive biomarkers in therapy response and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
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20
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Hulshoff MS, Del Monte-Nieto G, Kovacic J, Krenning G. Non-coding RNA in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1716-1731. [PMID: 31504268 PMCID: PMC6755356 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is the process wherein endothelial cells lose their typical endothelial cell markers and functions and adopt a mesenchymal-like phenotype. EndMT is required for development of the cardiac valves, the pulmonary and dorsal aorta, and arterial maturation, but activation of the EndMT programme during adulthood is believed to contribute to several pathologies including organ fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, modulate EndMT during development and disease. Here, we review the mechanisms by which non-coding RNAs facilitate or inhibit EndMT during development and disease and provide a perspective on the therapeutic application of non-coding RNAs to treat fibroproliferative cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Hulshoff
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jason Kovacic
- Dept. Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Bertho A, Dos Santos M, Buard V, Paget V, Guipaud O, Tarlet G, Milliat F, François A. Preclinical Model of Stereotactic Ablative Lung Irradiation Using Arc Delivery in the Mouse: Effect of Beam Size Changes and Dose Effect at Constant Collimation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:548-562. [PMID: 32278852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a therapeutic option offered to high surgical risk patients with lung cancer. Focal lung irradiation in mice is a new preclinical model to help understand the development of lung damage in this context. Here we developed a mouse model of lung stereotactic therapy using arc delivery and monitored the development of lung damage while varying the beam size and dose delivered. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed to 90 Gy focal irradiation on the left lung using 1-mm diameter, 3 × 3 mm2, 7 × 7 mm2, or 10 × 10 mm2 beam collimation for beam size effect and using 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation delivering 20 to 120 Gy for dose effect. Long-term lung damage was monitored with micro-computed tomography imaging with anatomopathologic and gene expression measurements in the injured patch and the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs. RESULTS Both 1-mm diameter and 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation allow long-term studies, but only 3-mm beam collimation generates lung fibrosis when delivering 90 Gy. Dose-effect studies with constant 3-mm beam collimation revealed a dose of 60 Gy as the minimum to obtain lung fibrosis 6 months postexposure. Lung fibrosis development was associated with club cell depletion and increased type II pneumocyte numbers. Lung injury developed with ipsilateral and contralateral consequences such as parenchymal thickening and gene expression modifications. CONCLUSIONS Arc therapy allows long-term studies and dose escalation without lethality. In our dose-delivery conditions, dose-effect studies revealed that 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation to a minimum single dose of 60 Gy enables preclinical models for the assessment of lung injury within a 6-month period. This model of lung tissue fibrosis in a time length compatible with mouse life span may offer good prospects for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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22
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Farhood B, Khodamoradi E, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Motevaseli E, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Eleojo Musa A, Najafi M. TGF-β in radiotherapy: Mechanisms of tumor resistance and normal tissues injury. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104745. [PMID: 32145401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences show that changes in tumor stroma can adapt cancer cells to radiotherapy, thereby leading to a reduction in tumor response to treatment. On the other hand, radiotherapy is associated with severe reactions in normal tissues which limit the amount radiation dose received by tumor. These challenges open a window in radiobiology and radiation oncology to explore mechanisms for improving tumor response and also alleviate side effects of radiotherapy. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a well-known and multitasking cytokine that regulates a wide range of reactions and interactions within tumor and normal tissues. Within tumor microenvironment (TME), TGF-β is the most potent suppressor of immune system activity against cancer cells. This effect is mediated through stimulation of CD4+ which differentiates to T regulatory cells (Tregs), infiltration of fibroblasts and differentiation into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and also polarization of macrophages to M2 cells. These changes lead to suppression of cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells to kill cancer cells. TGF-β also plays a key role in the angiogenesis, invasion and DNA damage responses (DDR) in cancer cells. In normal tissues, TGF-β triggers the expression of a wide range of pro-oxidant and pro-fibrosis genes, leading to fibrosis, genomic instability and some other side effects. These properties of TGF-β make it a potential target to preserve normal tissues and sensitize tumor via its inhibition. In the current review, we aim to explain the mechanisms of upregulation of TGF-β and its consequences in both tumor and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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23
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Henry TW, Mendoza FA, Jimenez SA. Role of microRNA in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102396. [PMID: 31520794 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis involves multiple immunological, vascular and fibroproliferative abnormalities that contribute to a severe and complex clinical picture. Vasculopathy and fibroproliferative alterations are two hallmark pathological processes in SSc that are responsible for the most severe clinical manifestations of the disease and determine its clinical outcome and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of SSc vasculopathy and of the uncontrolled SSc fibrotic process remain incompletely understood. Recent investigations into the molecular pathways involved in these processes have identified an important role for epigenetic processes that contribute to overall disease progression and have emphasized microRNAs (miRNAs) as crucial epigenetic regulators. MiRNAs hold unique potential for elucidating SSc pathogenesis, improving diagnosis and developing effective targeted therapies for the disease. This review examines the important role that miRNAs play in the development and regulation of vascular and fibroproliferative alterations associated with SSc pathogenesis and their possible participation in the establishment of pathogenetic connections between these two processes. This review also emphasizes that further understanding of the involvement of miRNA in SSc fibrosis and vasculopathy will very likely provide novel future research directions and allow for the identification of groundbreaking therapeutic interventions within these processes. MiR-21, miR- 31, and miR-155 are of particular interest owing to their important involvement in both SSc vasculopathy and fibroproliferative alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Henry
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, USA
| | - Fabian A Mendoza
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, USA
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, USA.
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24
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Regulation of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by MicroRNAs in Chronic Allograft Dysfunction. Transplantation 2019; 103:e64-e73. [PMID: 30907855 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a universal finding in chronic allograft dysfunction, and it is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix. The precise source of the myofibroblasts responsible for matrix deposition is not understood, and pharmacological strategies for prevention or treatment of fibrosis remain limited. One source of myofibroblasts in fibrosis is an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process first described in heart development and involving endothelial cells undergoing a phenotypic change to become more like mesenchymal cells. Recently, lineage tracing of endothelial cells in mouse models allowed studies of EndMT in vivo and reported 27% to 35% of myofibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis and 16% of isolated fibroblasts in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis to be of endothelial origin. Over the past decade, mature microRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly been described as key regulators of biological processes through repression or degradation of targeted mRNA. The stability and abundance of miRNAs in body fluids make them attractive as potential biomarkers, and progress is being made in developing miRNA targeted therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss the evidence of miRNA regulation of EndMT from in vitro and in vivo studies and the potential relevance of this to heart, lung, and kidney allograft dysfunction.
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25
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1281-1324. [PMID: 30864875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular transdifferentiation. EndMT is a complex biological process in which endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype displaying typical mesenchymal cell morphology and functions, including the acquisition of cellular motility and contractile properties. Endothelial cells undergoing EndMT lose the expression of endothelial cell-specific proteins such as CD31/platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor, and vascular-endothelial cadherin and initiate the expression of mesenchymal cell-specific genes and the production of their encoded proteins including α-smooth muscle actin, extra domain A fibronectin, N-cadherin, vimentin, fibroblast specific protein-1, also known as S100A4 protein, and fibrillar type I and type III collagens. Transforming growth factor-β1 is considered the main EndMT inducer. However, EndMT involves numerous molecular and signaling pathways that are triggered and modulated by multiple and often redundant mechanisms depending on the specific cellular context and on the physiological or pathological status of the cells. EndMT participates in highly important embryonic development processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of numerous genetically determined and acquired human diseases including malignant, vascular, inflammatory, and fibrotic disorders. Despite intensive investigation, many aspects of EndMT remain to be elucidated. The identification of molecules and regulatory pathways involved in EndMT and the discovery of specific EndMT inhibitors should provide novel therapeutic approaches for various human disorders mediated by EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Regulation of microRNAs by molecular hydrogen contributes to the prevention of radiation-induced damage in the rat myocardium. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 457:61-72. [PMID: 30830529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large class of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. It has been estimated that miRNAs regulate up to 30% of the protein-coding genes in humans. They are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including those involved in radiation-induced heart damage. Biomedical studies indicate that molecular hydrogen has potential as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and signal-modulating effects. However, the impact of molecular hydrogen on the expression of miRNAs in the heart after irradiation has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the involvement of miRNA-1, -15b, and -21 in the protective action of molecular hydrogen on rat myocardium damaged by irradiation. The results showed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased in the rat myocardium after irradiation. Treatment with molecular hydrogen-rich water (HRW) reduced these values to the level of non-irradiated controls. miRNA-1 is known to be involved in cardiac hypertrophy, and was significantly decreased in the rat myocardium after irradiation. Application of HRW attenuated this decrease in all evaluated time periods. miRNA-15b is considered to be anti-fibrotic, anti-hypertrophic, and anti-oxidative. Irradiation downregulated miRNA-15b, whereas administration of HRW restored these values. miRNA-21 is connected with cardiac fibrosis. We observed significant increase in miRNA-21 expression in the irradiated rat hearts. Molecular hydrogen lowered myocardial miRNA-21 levels after irradiation. This study revealed for the first time that the protective effects of molecular hydrogen on irradiation-induced heart damage may be mediated by regulating miRNA-1, -15b, and -21.
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27
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Liu Z, Liang X, Li X, Liu X, Zhu M, Gu Y, Zhou P. MiRNA-21 functions in ionizing radiation-induced epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating PTEN. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:328-340. [PMID: 31160967 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) results from thoracic radiotherapy and severely limits the use of radiotherapy. Recent studies suggest that epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Although miRNA dysregulation participates in a variety of pathophysiologic processes, their roles in fibrotic lung diseases and EMT are unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify key miRNAs involved in this process using a mouse model of RIPF previously established by irradiation with a single dose (20 Gy) of 60Co γ-rays. At 2-weeks post-irradiation, a set of significantly upregulated miRNAs was identified in lung tissue by miRNA array analysis. This included miR-21, which has been reported to contribute to the pulmonary fibrotic response induced by stereotactic body radiotherapy. Here, we showed that miR-21 expression increased in parallel with EMT progression in the lungs of irradiated mice. Ectopic miR-21 expression promoted EMT progression in lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-21 expression by transfection of its inhibitor inhibited ionizing radiation (IR)-induced EMT. Knockdown of PTEN, which is the functional target of miR-21, reversed the attenuation of IR-induced EMT mediated by miR-21 downregulation. Radiation treatment decreased PTEN expression and increased Akt phosphorylation; these effects were abolished by the miR-21 inhibitor. MiR-21 overexpression in lung epithelial cell also downregulated PTEN expression and upregulated Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that miR-21 functions as a key regulator of IR-induced EMT in lung epithelial cells via the PTEN/Akt pathway. Targeting miR-21 is implicated as a novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health , University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan Province 421001 , P. R. China . ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Graduate School , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui province 230032 , P. R. China
| | - Xueping Li
- School of Life Science , Shihezi University , Shihezi , Xinjiang Province 832003 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Gu
- School of Public Health , University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan Province 421001 , P. R. China . ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- School of Public Health , University of South China , Hengyang , Hunan Province 421001 , P. R. China . ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing 100850 , P. R. China
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Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Epigenetic Changes in Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4278658. [PMID: 30881591 PMCID: PMC6381575 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4278658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) develops months to years after initial radiation exposure. RIF occurs when normal fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts and lay down aberrant amounts of extracellular matrix proteins. One of the main drivers for developing RIF is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated immediately after radiation exposure. Generation of ROS is known to induce epigenetic changes and cause differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Several antioxidant compounds have been shown to prevent radiation-induced epigenetic changes and the development of RIF. Therefore, reviewing the ROS-linked epigenetic changes in irradiated fibroblast cells is essential to understand the development and prevention of RIF.
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Huang Q. Predictive relevance of ncRNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with radiotherapy: a review of the published data. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1149-1159. [PMID: 30191721 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. However, radiotherapy, especially thoracic radiotherapy, is always accompanied by radiation-induced complications or radioresistance. In this regard, ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, have received considerable interest for their predictive relevance. This review article illustrates the recent findings about the possible involvement of ncRNAs, mainly miRNAs and lncRNAs, in radioresistance and radiation-induced complications and their potential use for predicting radiation-induced complications and radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, The 476 Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, PR China
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Kim JH, Jang MJ, Choi J, Lee E, Song KD, Cho J, Kim KT, Cha HJ, Sun W. Optimizing tissue-clearing conditions based on analysis of the critical factors affecting tissue-clearing procedures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12815. [PMID: 30143733 PMCID: PMC6109102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-clearing techniques have received great attention for volume imaging and for the potential to be applied in optical diagnosis. In principle, tissue clearing is achieved by reducing light scattering through a combination of lipid removal, size change, and matching of the refractive index (RI) between the imaging solution and the tissue. However, the contributions of these major factors in tissue clearing have not been systematically evaluated yet. In this study, we experimentally measured and mathematically calculated the contribution of these factors to the clearing of four organs (brain, liver, kidney, and lung). We found that these factors differentially influence the maximal clearing efficacy of tissues and the diffusivity of materials inside the tissue. We propose that these physical properties of organs can be utilized for the quality control (Q/C) process during tissue clearing, as well as for the monitoring of the pathological changes of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Hoan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Deok Song
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35th Baekbum-ro Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Cardozo ER, Foster R, Karmon AE, Lee AE, Gatune LW, Rueda BR, Styer AK. MicroRNA 21a-5p overexpression impacts mediators of extracellular matrix formation in uterine leiomyoma. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29747655 PMCID: PMC5946472 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (MiR) may promote fibroid development via altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and ECM formation, and evidence supports aberrant expression of MicroRNA (MiR) 21a-5p in fibroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional significance of MiR 21a-5p overexpression in the pathobiology of leiomyomata (fibroids). METHODS A basic science experimental design using immortalized fibroid and myometrial cell lines derived from patient-matched specimens was used. Stable overexpression of MiR-21a-5p in an immortalized fibroid and patient matched myometrial cell line was achieved through lentiviral vector infection. Main outcome measures were MiR-21-5p overexpression, target gene and protein expression, collagen (COL1A1) production, cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell cycle stages of fibroid and myometrial immortalized cell lines. RESULTS MiR-21a-5p was overexpressed to similar levels in fibroid and myometrial cell lines after lentiviral infection. Increased expression of miR-21 resulted in increased gene and protein expression of TGF-β3 in both fibroid and myometrial cells. Changes in expression of the ECM genes Fibronectin, Collagen 1A1, CTGF, Versican and DPT were seen in both fibroid and myometrial cells. Changes were also seen in Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) related genes including MMP 2, MMP 9, MMP 11 and Serpine 1 in both fibroid and myometrial cells. MiR-21 upregulation resulted in increased proliferation and migration in fibroid cells compared to myometrial cells. CONCLUSIONS MiR-21a-5p overexpression results in changes in the expression of ECM mediators in both fibroid and myometrial cells, and increased cell proliferation in fibroid cells. These finding suggest a potential functional role of MiR-21a-5p in the development of uterine fibroids and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden R. Cardozo
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- 0000 0004 1936 9094grid.40263.33Women and Infants Fertility Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 90 Plain Street, Providence, RI 02905 USA
| | - Rosemary Foster
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Anatte E. Karmon
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Amy E. Lee
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Leah W. Gatune
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aaron K. Styer
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yaw 10A, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. The microRNA miR-21 conditions the brain to protect against ischemic and traumatic injuries. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2017; 1:35-46. [PMID: 34268484 PMCID: PMC8279043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic and traumatic injuries to CNS remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide, despite decades of research into risk factors, therapies, and preventative measures. Recent studies showed that CNS injuries significantly alter the cerebral microRNAome that impact the secondary brain damage as well as plasticity and recovery. Many microRNA based therapies are currently in various clinical trials for different pathologic conditions indicating their therapeutic potential. In the present review, we discuss the role of miR-21 in acute CNS injuries which is currently thought to be a potent neuroprotective microRNA. We emphasize on the potential of miR-21 in promoting cell and tissue survival and preventing inflammation and apoptosis. We also discussed the role of miR-21 in conditioning the brain to promote ischemic tolerance. Finally, we discussed some of the challenges and difficulties to develop miR-21 as a neuroprotective therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Lopez
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Veteran's Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Role of MicroRNAs in TGF-β Signaling Pathway-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122527. [PMID: 29186838 PMCID: PMC5751130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the most common form of interstitial lung disease. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is extensively involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by inducing cell differentiation, migration, invasion, or hyperplastic changes. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated during the initiation of pulmonary fibrosis. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs functioning as negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs have been reported to regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway and consequently affect the process of pulmonary fibrosis. A better understanding of the pro-fibrotic role of the TGF-β signaling pathway and relevant miRNA regulation will shed light on biomedical research of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway with relevance to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Chatterjee A, Kosmacek EA, Oberley-Deegan RE. MnTE-2-PyP Treatment, or NOX4 Inhibition, Protects against Radiation-Induced Damage in Mouse Primary Prostate Fibroblasts by Inhibiting the TGF-Beta 1 Signaling Pathway. Radiat Res 2017; 187:367-381. [PMID: 28225655 DOI: 10.1667/rr14623.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy frequently suffer from side effects caused by radiation-induced damage to normal tissues adjacent to the tumor. Exposure of these normal cells during radiation treatment can result in tissue fibrosis and cellular senescence, which ultimately leads to postirradiation-related chronic complications including urinary urgency and frequency, erectile dysfunction, urethral stricture and incontinence. Radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported as the most potent causative factor for radiation damage to normal tissue. While MnTE-2-PyP, a ROS scavenger, protects normal cells from radiation-induced damage, it does not protect cancer cells during radiation treatment. However, the mechanism by which MnTE-2-PyP provides protection from radiation-induced fibrosis has been unclear. Our current study reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of radiation protection by MnTE-2-PyP in normal mouse prostate fibroblast cells. To investigate the role of MnTE-2-PyP in normal tissue protection after irradiation, primary prostate fibroblasts from C57BL/6 mice were cultured in the presence or absence of MnTE-2-PyP and exposed to 2 Gy of X rays. We found that MnTE-2-PyP could protect primary prostate fibroblasts from radiation-induced activation, as measured by the contraction of collagen discs, and senescence, detected by beta-galactosidase staining. We observed that MnTE-2-PyP inhibited the TGF-β-mediated fibroblast activation pathway by downregulating the expression of TGF-β receptor 2, which in turn reduced the activation and/or expression of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4. As a result, SMAD2/3-mediated transcription of profibrotic markers was reduced by MnTE-2-PyP. Due to the inhibition of the TGF-β pathway, fibroblasts treated with MnTE-2-PyP could resist radiation-induced activation and senescence. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression is upregulated after irradiation and produces ROS. As was observed with MnTE-2-PyP treatment, NOX4-/- fibroblasts were protected from radiation-induced fibroblast activation and senescence. However, NOX4-/- fibroblasts had reduced levels of active TGF-β1, which resulted in decreased TGF-β signaling. Therefore, our data suggest that reduction of ROS levels, either by MnTE-2-PyP treatment or by eliminating NOX4 activity, significantly protects normal prostate tissues from radiation-induced tissue damage, but that these approaches work on different components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. This study proposes a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism executed by MnTE-2-PyP when utilized as a radioprotector. An understanding of how this molecule works as a radioprotector will lead to a better controlled mode of treatment for post therapy complications in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Correction: Induction of MiR-21 by Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Contributes to the Pulmonary Fibrotic Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160137. [PMID: 27441720 PMCID: PMC4956031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154942.].
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