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Oliwa J, Skoczowski A, Rut G, Kornaś A. Water-Deficit Stress in the Epiphytic Elkhorn Fern: Insight into Photosynthetic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12064. [PMID: 37569438 PMCID: PMC10418323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive climate changes cause disturbance of water relations in tropical rainforests, where epiphytic ferns are an important element of biodiversity. In these plants, the efficiency of photosynthesis is closely related to the efficiency of water transport. In addition, due to the lack of contact with the soil, epiphytes are extremely susceptible to water-deficit stress. The aim of this experiment was to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of Platycerium bifurcatum to a 6-week water deficit. The hydration and pigment composition of leaves were determined using reflectance spectroscopy and epifluorescence microscopy. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics parameters, fluorescence induction curves (OJIP), low-temperature fluorescence curves at 77 K and proline concentration were analyzed at seven time points. After a decrease in leaf hydration by 10-15%, there were disturbances in the oxidation-reduction balance, especially in the initial photochemical reactions, a rapid decrease in plant vitality (PI) and significant fluctuations in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. The relative size of PSI antenna structures compared to PSII decreased in the following weeks of water deficit. Changes in photochemical reactions were accompanied by a decrease in gross photosynthesis and an increase in proline concentration. Changes in the functioning of photosynthesis light phase and the pigment composition of leaves are related to the resistance of elkhorn fern to long-term water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Oliwa
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (G.R.); (A.K.)
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Wang T, Li L, Qin Y, Lu B, Xu D, Zhuang W, Shu X, Zhang F, Wang N, Wang Z. Effects of Seasonal Changes on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Physiological Characteristics in the Two Taxus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2636. [PMID: 37514250 PMCID: PMC10384244 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Taxus is a rare and endangered woody plant worldwide with important economic and ecological values. However, the weak environmental adaptability of Taxus species, in particular the unstable photosynthetic activity in different seasons, always affects its normal growth and development and limits its conservation and exploitation. To improve the survival of Taxus trees in cultivated areas, the seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and key physiological parameters were comprehensively investigated in T. media and T. mairei. The results demonstrated that the photosynthetic activity of both Taxus species was sensitive to local summer and winter environmental conditions, with the heterogeneity of fluorescence signatures intuitively presented on the needle surface by CF-Imaging detection, while images of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) demonstrated values below 0.7 in the blue-green sectors in winter. The distribution of light energy was regulated by the photosynthetic apparatus in both Taxus species to maintain a stable actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (φPSII), which was around 0.4-0.5. Based on a redundancy discriminant analysis, the interpretation rate of light intensity and air temperature ranked as the top two in both Taxus species, which were considered the main environmental factors affecting the photosynthetic performance of Taxus by disturbing the electron transport chain. In the winter, T. mairei exhibited weaker electron transport activity than T. media, thus caused lower photochemistry and more severe photosynthetic damages. Interestingly, both Taxus species demonstrated consistent response patterns, including diverse energy dissipation strategies and enhancement of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidative activities, thus maintaining stable photosynthetic functions in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yalong Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Nanjing Athortiland Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210043, China
| | - Donghuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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Quan L, Chen K, Chen T, Li H, Li W, Cheng T, Xia F, Lou Z, Geng T, Sun D, Jiang W. Monitoring weed mechanical and chemical damage stress based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188981. [PMID: 37255557 PMCID: PMC10225704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, mechanical and chemical damage is the main way to carry out weed control. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) technology to nondestructively monitor the stress physiological state of weeds is significant to reveal the damage mechanism of mechanical and chemical stresses as well as complex stresses. Under simulated real field environmental conditions, different species and leaf age weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis 2-5 leaf age, and Erigeron canadensis 5-10 leaf age) were subjected to experimental treatments for 1-7 days, and fluorescence parameters were measured every 24 h using a chlorophyll fluorometer. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in CF parameters of different species of weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis) at their different stress sites under chemical, mechanical and their combined stresses. The results showed that when weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Erigeron canadensis) were chemically stressed in different parts, their leaf back parts were the most severely stressed after 7 days, with photosynthetic inhibition reaching R=75%. In contrast, mechanical stress differs from its changes, and after a period of its stress, each parameter recovers somewhat after 1 to 2 days of stress, with heavy mechanical stress R=11%. Complex stress had the most significant effect on CF parameters, mainly in the timing and efficiency of changes in Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm', ETR, Rfd, NPQ and Y(NO), with R reaching 71%-73% after only 3-4 days of complex stress, and its changes in complex stress were basically consistent with the pattern of changes in its chemical stress. The results of the study will help to understand the effects of mechanical and chemical stresses and combined stresses on CF parameters of weeds and serve as a guide for efficient weed control operations and conducting weed control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhe Quan
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keyong Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fulin Xia
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Lou
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Geng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Downregulation of PSI regulates photosynthesis in early successional tree species. Evidence from a field survey across European forests. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lotfi R, Abbasi A, Kalaji HM, Eskandari I, Sedghieh V, Khorsandi H, Sadeghian N, Yadav S, Rastogi A. The role of potassium on drought resistance of winter wheat cultivars under cold dryland conditions: Probed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:45-54. [PMID: 35462197 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an important cation that regulates plant metabolism. Therefore the effect of different concentrations of potassium (0, 75, 150 kg ha-1 K2SO4) on photosynthesis efficiency of three winter wheat cultivars (Baran, Homa, Hashtrud) was investigated during the growing seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 under cold dryland conditions in Maragheh, Iran. Accumulation of potassium ion (K+) was observed to be increased with an increase in the concentration of K2SO4. With an increase in K+ the Hashtrud cultivar was observed to have more relative water content (RWC), normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), and stomatal conductance (gs) than other cultivars. This resulted in a higher grain yield for the Hashtrud cultivar. RWC (R2 = 0.97), NDVI (R2 = 0.96), and gs (R2 = 0.92) had a positive relationship with KUE (grain yield/unit of K fertilizer used), especially in dryer years. K deficiency induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plants. The application of K increased superoxide dismutases and reduced abscisic acid, to maintain the plants' stomatal conductance. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and the calculation of double normalized relative variable fluorescence reveal detailed information's about the response of wheat plants to K application under dryland conditions. The application of a high concentration of K (150 kg ha-1 K2SO4) on Hashtrud plants had a beneficial effect on the ChlF efficiency at different OJIP phases (KJ and JI). We found the efficiency of ChlF at the ΔWK-I phase with the values of FV/FO and PIABS improved with the application of 150 kg ha-1 K2SO4 and can be correlated with total yield improvement. These observations indicated that the application of a high concentration of K in stressed conditions for dryland areas could improve photosynthetic efficiency and wheat plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iraj Eskandari
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Vahid Sedghieh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hadi Khorsandi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sadeghian
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500, AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Skoczowski A, Oliwa J, Stawoska I, Rys M, Kocurek M, Czyczyło-Mysza I. The Spectral Compositions of Light Changes Physiological Response of Chinese Cabbage to Elevated Ozone Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062941. [PMID: 35328361 PMCID: PMC8955156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ozone combined with other environmental factors remain an important topic of the research, both in connection with climate change and the possibility of using modern solutions in horticulture. In our experiment, we compared the influence of ozone (100 ppb) on photosynthesis and changes in the pigment composition of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) leaves depending on the spectral composition of light. We used white LED light (WL), a combination of red + green + blue (RGBL) with a dominant red component and white +blue (WBL) with a dominant blue component in comparison with the classic sodium lamp lighting (yellow light—YL). The values of the parameters describing the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis and the parameters of the gas exchange, as well as non-photosynthesis pigment contents, show that the spectral composition strongly differentiates the response of Chinese cabbage leaves to ozone. In general, the efficiency of photochemical reactions was the highest in YL, but after O3 fumigation, it decreased. In plants growing in WL and WBL, the increase of O3 concentration stimulated light photosynthesis reactions and led to the enhancement of transpiration, stomatal conductance and intracellular CO2 concentration. Changes in photosynthetic activity were accompanied by an increase in the content of anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Skoczowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Jakub Oliwa
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Stawoska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Rys
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.R.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Maciej Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.R.); (I.C.-M.)
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Durán M, San Emeterio L, Canals RM. Comparison of Culturing and Metabarcoding Methods to Describe the Fungal Endophytic Assemblage of Brachypodium rupestre Growing in a Range of Anthropized Disturbance Regimes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121246. [PMID: 34943161 PMCID: PMC8698972 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The richness (number of species) of the fungi kingdom is estimated at 1.5 million species, but the vast majority remains unknown. Many of them inhabit plants—the so-called fungal endophytes—and may establish different types of interactions with their host plant. Fungal endophytes have been traditionally studied by letting them grow in appropriate culturing media in petri dishes, but novel massive DNA sequencing techniques which do not require a cultivation step (metabarcoding) are gaining ground. Both techniques were applied and compared to characterize the mycobiome of plants of a tall grass (Brachypodium rupestre) growing in high-mountain grasslands with different plant diversity (low and high). The two methods showed similar trends comparing endophyte richness between plant tissue types (root > rhizome > shoot) and between grasslands (low-diversity > high-diversity). However, the metabarcoding identified almost six times more endophyte species than the culturing although the most isolated fungal species via culturing, Omnidemptus graminis, was not recognized via metabarcoding. We conclude that the complementation of both techniques is still the best option to obtain a complete characterization of the fungal endophytic assemblage of the plant species. Abstract Fungal endophytes develop inside plants without visible external signs, and they may confer adaptive advantages to their hosts. Culturing methods have been traditionally used to recognize the fungal endophytic assemblage, but novel metabarcoding techniques are being increasingly applied. This study aims to characterize the fungal endophytic assemblage in shoots, rhizomes and roots of the tall grass Brachypodium rupestre growing in a large area of natural grasslands with a continuum of anthropized disturbance regimes. Seven out of 88 taxa identified via metabarcoding accounted for 81.2% of the reads (Helotiaceae, Lachnum sp. A, Albotricha sp. A, Helotiales A, Agaricales A, Mycena sp. and Mollisiaceae C), revealing a small group of abundant endophytes and a large group of rare species. Although both methods detected the same trends in richness and fungal diversity among the tissues (root > rhizome > shoot) and grasslands (low-diversity > high-diversity grasslands), the metabarcoding tool identified 5.8 times more taxa than the traditional culturing method (15 taxa) but, surprisingly, failed to sequence the most isolated endophyte on plates, Omnidemptus graminis. Since both methods are still subject to important constraints, both are required to obtain a complete characterization of the fungal endophytic assemblage of the plant species.
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Kula-Maximenko M, Niewiadomska E, Maksymowicz A, Ostrowska A, Oklestkova J, Pěnčík A, Janeczko A. Insight into Details of the Photosynthetic Light Reactions and Selected Metabolic Changes in Tomato Seedlings Growing under Various Light Spectra. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111517. [PMID: 34768948 PMCID: PMC8584210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to characterise the growth of tomato seedlings under various light spectra, but special attention has been paid to gaining a deeper insight into the details of photosynthetic light reactions. The following light combinations (generated by LEDs, constant light intensity at 300 μmol m−2 s−1) were used: blue/red light; blue/red light + far red; blue/red light + UV; white light that was supplemented with green, and white light that was supplemented with blue. Moreover, two combinations of white light for which the light intensity was changed by imitating the sunrise, sunset, and moon were also tested. The reference point was also light generated by high pressure sodium lamps (HPS). Plant growth/morphological parameters under various light conditions were only partly correlated with the photosynthetic efficiency of PSI and PSII. Illumination with blue/red as the main components had a negative effect on the functioning of PSII compared to the white light and HPS-generated light. On the other hand, the functioning of PSI was especially negatively affected under the blue/red light that was supplemented with FR. The FT-Raman studies showed that the general metabolic profile of the leaves (especially proteins and β-carotene) was similar in the plants that were grown under the HPS and under the LED-generated white light for which the light intensity changed during a day. The effect of various light conditions on the leaf hormonal balance (auxins, brassinosteroids) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kula-Maximenko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Janeczko
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.-M.); (E.N.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Suchocka M, Swoczyna T, Kosno-Jończy J, Kalaji HM. Impact of heavy pruning on development and photosynthesis of Tilia cordata Mill. trees. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256465. [PMID: 34424935 PMCID: PMC8382193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree pruning is carried out to reduce conflict with infrastructure, buildings, and any other human activity. However, heavy pruning may result in a diminished tree crown capacity for sugar production and exposure to fungal infection. This risk leads to a decrease in tree stability or vigour. In this work, we analysed the effect of heavy pruning of roadside trees on the photosynthetic performance process compared to neighbouring unpruned trees. Four years of tree crown growth was studied by terrestrial imaging. Tree vitality (Roloff's classification) and risk (Visual Tree Assessment) were evaluated. Over-pruned trees showed intensified photosynthetic efficiency during the growing season following pruning. Particularly ET0/TR0 and PIABS tended to increase in pruned trees while higher Fv/Fm was noted only in late October, suggesting delayed leaf senescence. After four years, pruned trees rebuilt their crowns, however not in their entirety. Results obtained from biometric, vitality, and risk assessment showed high differentiation in pruned tree crown recovery. Our results revealed that despite the intensified efforts of trees to recover from wounding effects, severe pruning evokes dieback occurrence and a higher risk of failure in mature trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Suchocka
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tatiana Swoczyna
- Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosno-Jończy
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
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The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
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Skoczowski A, Odrzywolska-Hasiec M, Oliwa J, Ciereszko I, Kornaś A. Ecophysiological Variability of Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Green Alder Leaves in the Bieszczady Mountains (Poland). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:96. [PMID: 33418897 PMCID: PMC7825132 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., green alder, is a fast-growing shrub that grows expansively in the European mountainside. In Poland, A. viridis naturally occurs only in the Bieszczady Mountains (south-eastern part of the country), above the upper forest border. In this study, we assessed the potential of green alder to expand in post-farming areas in the Bieszczady Mountains. We investigated the effects of topographical, climatic, and edaphic characteristics of four various study sites on the physiological and morphological properties of A. viridis leaves in order to answer the question whether the growth of plants in lower positions improves their physiological condition to such an extent that it increases the species invasiveness. This is the first comprehensive ecophysiological study of this species to be carried out in this part of Europe. The photochemical efficiency of PSII, the chlorophyll content, and leaf 13C and 15N discrimination were analyzed. On the basis of leaf radiation reflection, coefficients such as reflectance indices of anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids (ARI2, CRI1, FRI), photochemical index of reflection (PRI), and the water band index (WBI) were calculated. We observed favorable physiological effects in A. viridis plants growing in locations below the upper forest border compared to plants growing in higher locations. As a result, A. viridis may become an invasive species and disturb the phytocoenotic balance of plant communities of the altitudinal zones in the Polish Western Carpathians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Skoczowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (J.O.)
| | | | - Jakub Oliwa
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (J.O.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Sciences, University of Physical Education, Jana Pawła II 78, 31-578 Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (J.O.)
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Wu K, Ying K, Liu L, Zhou J, Cai Z. High irradiance compensated with CO 2 enhances the efficiency of Haematococcus lacustris growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00444. [PMID: 32215258 PMCID: PMC7090360 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris (H. lacustris), a promising source for astaxanthin production, is a light-sensitive microalga that is prone to sluggish growth when subjected to high levels of irradiance. A challenge in H. lacustris culture is to find a way to efficiently use illumination to maintain vigorous growth and harvest dense biomass, which is essential for further exploiting the potential for astaxanthin production. Previous studies have shown that in addition to illumination, carbon supply in culture is a key limitation for algae growth. Here, we investigated a combined culture approach involving high light intensity (110 μmol m-2s-1) and injection of a 1% (v/v) CO2 air-gas mixture which provided an effective method for H. lacustris culture to achieve both a high growth rate and high cell density. The cell number in the group with high light exposure combined with CO2 enrichment was increased almost four-fold compared with a high light group (110 μmol m-2s-1 without CO2 injection). Additional experiments suggested a possible mechanism in which elevated CO2 increases the electron sink capacity, thus alleviating photoinhibition and oxidative damage. The scaled-up photobioreactor demonstrated much better performance, with growth rates improved by 50-350 %, providing further evidence that this new method can improve algal cell production. Overall, our work provides an efficient way for H. lacustris culture and manufacture, with potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, PR China.,Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Kezhen Ying
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100086, PR China.,Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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13
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Iriel A, Cordon G, Fernández Cirelli A, Lagorio MG. Non-destructive methodologies applied to track the occurrence of natural micropollutants in watering: Glycine max as a biomonitor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109368. [PMID: 31254857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is habitually used for watering purposes in rural areas where the rainfall is not enough to adequately cover the crop requirements. However, groundwater sources could be naturally contaminated with trace micropollutants like As and associated elements (B, V and F) adversely affecting the plant health. In this work, non-destructive methodologies based on reflectance and chlorophyll emission processes were applied to assess the presence of micropollutants in watering by using a widespread crop (soybean plant). One of the most substantial results is that the co-occurrence of As, V, B and F in the watering solution clearly produced a synergistic effect in the plants. In fact, both reflectance and fluorescence techniques were proved in this work to be effective in detecting non-destructively stress by multielement treatment. Particularly, for reflectance measurements the most sensitive parameters were the derivative peak area between 480 and 560 nm and the chlorophyll content. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that it is possible to successfully use a portable hyperspectral spectroradiometer instead of a conventional spectrophotometer as the determinations performed with both instruments were positively correlated. Concerning fluorescence, variable emission of chlorophyll-a was more sensitive to stress than steady-state emission. The parameter Fv/F0 was a valuable indicator of stress but the quantum yields of PSII and NPQ stood out as the most sensitive indices with variations of around 60 and 100% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iriel
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - G Cordon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Área de Educación Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Fernández Cirelli
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Lagorio
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Ciudad Universitaria. Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ben Hamed S, Lefi E, Chaieb M. Effect of phosphorus concentration on the photochemical stability of PSII and CO 2 assimilation in Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:283-291. [PMID: 31336356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted at the faculty of sciences of Gafsa to evaluate the effect of phosphorus treatment on two pistachio species. The seedlings of Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica were subjected to six levels of phosphoric acid (P2O5) (0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 ppm). Stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence (OJIP) and total chlorophyll content were measured after 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 and 12 weeks of treatment. During the experiment, phosphorus application at 5 ppm increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, relative to the treatment 0 ppm only in P. atlantica. However, phosphorus supply at 60 and 120 ppm induced toxicity leading to an inhibition of CO2 photo-assimilation rate, an alteration of photosystem II (PSII) structure and function and reduction in leaf chlorophyll content in both species. The (OJIP) transient showed complex changes in O-J, J-I and I-P phases of fluorescence. Due to phosphorus toxicity, both donor and acceptor sides of PSII were damaged, electron transport perturbed and chlorophyll pigment reduced which resulted in the fall of CO2 photo-assimilation rate, followed by mortality in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samouna Ben Hamed
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences S. A., Zarroug City, Gafsa, Tunisia; LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Elkadri Lefi
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences S. A., Zarroug City, Gafsa, Tunisia; LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chaieb
- LEBIOMAT: Laboratory of Arid Environment and Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Li J, Liu K, Zhang J, Huang L, Coulter JA, Woodburn T, Li L, Gan Y. Soil-Plant Indices Help Explain Legume Response to Crop Rotation in a Semiarid Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1488. [PMID: 30524451 PMCID: PMC6262397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity is typically affected by various soil-plant factors systematically as they influence plant photosynthesis, soil fertility, and root systems. However, little is known about how the productivity of legumes is related to crop rotation systems. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of rotation systems on legume productivity and the relationships among legume productivity and soil-plant factors. Three annual legumes - chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus), were included in various diversified rotation systems and compared with legume monoculture in the 8-year rotation study. Soil N and water conditions, and canopy and root systems were evaluated at the end of 8-year rotation in the semiarid Canadian prairies. Results showed that diversified rotation systems improved leaf greenness by 4%, shoot biomass by 25%, nodule biomass by 44%, and seed yield by 95% for chickpea and pea, but such effects were not found for lentil. Pea monocultures increased root rot severity by threefold compared with diversified rotations, and chickpea monoculture increased shoot rot severity by 23%, root rot severity by 96% and nodule damage by 219%. However, all the legume monocultures improved soil N accumulation by an average 38% compared to diversified systems. Pea and chickpea displayed considerable sensitivity to plant biotic stresses, whereas lentil productivity had a larger dependence on initial soil N content. The 8-year study concludes that the rotational effect on legume productivity varies with legume species, the frequency of a legume appearing in the rotation, and the integration of relevant soil and plant indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Kui Liu
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lidong Huang
- Department of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeffrey A. Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Trevor Woodburn
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lingling Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
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Kalaji HM, Bąba W, Gediga K, Goltsev V, Samborska IA, Cetner MD, Dimitrova S, Piszcz U, Bielecki K, Karmowska K, Dankov K, Kompała-Bąba A. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for nutrient status identification in rapeseed plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:329-343. [PMID: 29185137 PMCID: PMC5937862 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In natural conditions, plants growth and development depends on environmental conditions, including the availability of micro- and macroelements in the soil. Nutrient status should thus be examined not by establishing the effects of single nutrient deficiencies on the physiological state of the plant but by combinations of them. Differences in the nutrient content significantly affect the photochemical process of photosynthesis therefore playing a crucial role in plants growth and development. In this work, an attempt was made to find a connection between element content in (i) different soils, (ii) plant leaves, grown on these soils and (iii) changes in selected chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, in order to find a method for early detection of plant stress resulting from the combination of nutrient status in natural conditions. To achieve this goal, a mathematical procedure was used which combines principal component analysis (a tool for the reduction of data complexity), hierarchical k-means (a classification method) and a machine-learning method-super-organising maps. Differences in the mineral content of soil and plant leaves resulted in functional changes in the photosynthetic machinery that can be measured by chlorophyll a fluorescent signals. Five groups of patterns in the chlorophyll fluorescent parameters were established: the 'no deficiency', Fe-specific deficiency, slight, moderate and strong deficiency. Unfavourable development in groups with nutrient deficiency of any kind was reflected by a strong increase in F o and ΔV/Δt 0 and decline in φ Po, φ Eo δ Ro and φ Ro. The strong deficiency group showed the suboptimal development of the photosynthetic machinery, which affects both PSII and PSI. The nutrient-deficient groups also differed in antenna complex organisation. Thus, our work suggests that the chlorophyll fluorescent method combined with machine-learning methods can be highly informative and in some cases, it can replace much more expensive and time-consuming procedures such as chemometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
- White Hill Company, Żurawia 71/3, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gediga
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Izabela A Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena D Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stella Dimitrova
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Urszula Piszcz
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielecki
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Karmowska
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kolyo Dankov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr Tzankov Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
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Mathur S, Sharma MP, Jajoo A. Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:149-154. [PMID: 29425887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, pot experiments were performed to investigate the effects of high temperature stress (44 °C) in maize plants colonized with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Various parameters characterizing photosynthetic activity were measured in order to estimate the photosynthetic efficiency in maize plants. It was observed that density of active reaction centers of PSII, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), linear electron transport, excitation energy trapping, performance index, net photosynthesis rate increased in AMF (+) plants at 44 °C ± 0.2 °C. Efficiency of primary photochemical reaction (represented as Fv/Fo) increased in AMF (+) plants as compared to AMF (-) plants. AMF seems to have protected water splitting complex followed by enhanced primary photochemistry of PSII under high temperature. Basic morphological parameters like leaf width, plant height and cob number increased in AMF (+) plants as compared to AMF (-) plants. AMF (+) plants grew faster than AMF (-) plants due to larger root systems. Chl content increased in AMF (+) plants as compared to AMF (-) maize plants. AMF hyphae likely increased Mg uptake which in turn increased the total chlorophyll content in AMF (+) maize plants. This subsequently led to a higher production in photosynthate and biomass. Thus AMF (+) plants have shown better photosynthesis performance as compared to AMF (-) maize plants under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mathur
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India.
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India
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Effects of CO 2 enrichment on primary photochemistry, growth and astaxanthin accumulation in the chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:58-66. [PMID: 28475936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric CO2 level is limiting for growth of phototrophic organisms such as microalgae, so CO2 enrichment boosts the growth and photosynthesis of microalgal cultures. Still, excessive CO2 injection might inhibit photosynthesis of microalgae. We investigated the effect of continuous sparging of the cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis BM 1 (IPPAS H-2018) (Chlorophyceae), the richest natural source of the value-added pigment astaxanthin. H. pluvialis cultures with CO2-enriched air-gas mixtures (with CO2 level from the atmospheric to 20%) on growth and astaxanthin accumulation in the microalga. Special attention was paid to photosynthetic activity and non-photochemical excited chlorophyll states quenching in the microalgal cells, which was monitored via chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. We also report on the capability of CO2 capture by H. pluvialis derived from direct measurements of its elemental carbon content. The beneficial effect of the moderately high (5%) CO2 levels on the culture growth and astaxanthin accumulation under stress results in a higher overall astaxanthin productivity. However, increase of the CO2 level to 10% or 20% was deteriorative for growth, photosynthesis and carbon assimilation. The results support the possibility of combining a traditional two-stage H. pluvialis cultivation with CO2 bio-capture although a dilution of the flue gas before its injection is required.
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