1
|
Alavash M, Obleser J. Brain Network Interconnectivity Dynamics Explain Metacognitive Differences in Listening Behavior. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2322232024. [PMID: 38839303 PMCID: PMC11293451 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2322-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex auditory scenes pose a challenge to attentive listening, rendering listeners slower and more uncertain in their perceptual decisions. How can we explain such behaviors from the dynamics of cortical networks that pertain to the control of listening behavior? We here follow up on the hypothesis that human adaptive perception in challenging listening situations is supported by modular reconfiguration of auditory-control networks in a sample of N = 40 participants (13 males) who underwent resting-state and task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Individual titration of a spatial selective auditory attention task maintained an average accuracy of ∼70% but yielded considerable interindividual differences in listeners' response speed and reported confidence in their own perceptual decisions. Whole-brain network modularity increased from rest to task by reconfiguring auditory, cinguloopercular, and dorsal attention networks. Specifically, interconnectivity between the auditory network and cinguloopercular network decreased during the task relative to the resting state. Additionally, interconnectivity between the dorsal attention network and cinguloopercular network increased. These interconnectivity dynamics were predictive of individual differences in response confidence, the degree of which was more pronounced after incorrect judgments. Our findings uncover the behavioral relevance of functional cross talk between auditory and attentional-control networks during metacognitive assessment of one's own perception in challenging listening situations and suggest two functionally dissociable cortical networked systems that shape the considerable metacognitive differences between individuals in adaptive listening behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alavash
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kenett YN, Chrysikou EG, Bassett DS, Thompson-Schill SL. Neural Dynamics During the Generation and Evaluation of Creative and Non-Creative Ideas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589621. [PMID: 38659810 PMCID: PMC11042297 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
What are the neural dynamics that drive creative thinking? Recent studies have provided much insight into the neural mechanisms of creative thought. Specifically, the interaction between the executive control, default mode, and salience brain networks has been shown to be an important marker of individual differences in creative ability. However, how these different brain systems might be recruited dynamically during the two key components of the creative process-generation and evaluation of ideas-remains far from understood. In the current study we applied state-of-the-art network neuroscience methodologies to examine the neural dynamics related to the generation and evaluation of creative and non-creative ideas using a novel within-subjects design. Participants completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions, taking place a week apart. In the first imaging session, participants generated either creative (alternative uses) or non-creative (common characteristics) responses to common objects. In the second imaging session, participants evaluated their own creative and non-creative responses to the same objects. Network neuroscience methods were applied to examine and directly compare reconfiguration, integration, and recruitment of brain networks during these four conditions. We found that generating creative ideas led to significantly higher network reconfiguration than generating non-creative ideas, whereas evaluating creative and non-creative ideas led to similar levels of network integration. Furthermore, we found that these differences were attributable to different dynamic patterns of neural activity across the executive control, default mode, and salience networks. This study is the first to show within-subject differences in neural dynamics related to generating and evaluating creative and non-creative ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 3200003
| | - Evangelia G Chrysikou
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dimitriadis SI, Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, García-Molina A, Monte-Rubio G, Stillman C, Perera-Lluna A, Mataró M. Intrinsic functional brain connectivity changes following aerobic exercise, computerized cognitive training, and their combination in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the Projecte Moviment. GeroScience 2024; 46:573-596. [PMID: 37872293 PMCID: PMC10828336 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions have positive neuroprotective effects in aging. However, there are still open questions about how changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) contribute to cognitive improvements. The Projecte Moviment is a 12-week randomized controlled trial of a multimodal data acquisition protocol that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB). An initial list of 109 participants was recruited from which a total of 82 participants (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47) finished the intervention with a level of adherence > 80%. Only in the COMB group, we revealed an extended network of 33 connections that involved an increased and decreased rsFC within and between the aDMN/pDMN and a reduced rsFC between the bilateral supplementary motor areas and the right thalamus. No global and especially local rsFC changes due to any intervention mediated the cognitive benefits detected in the AE and COMB groups. Projecte Moviment provides evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a La Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de La Salut Germans Trias I Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Monte-Rubio
- Centre for Comparative Medicine and Bioimage (CMCiB), Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Chelsea Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre Perera-Lluna
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, CIBER-BBN, Automàtica I Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eskikurt G, Duru AD, Ermutlu N, İşoğlu-Alkaç Ü. Evaluation of Brain Electrical Activity of Visual Working Memory with Time-Frequency Analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024:15500594231224014. [PMID: 38225169 DOI: 10.1177/15500594231224014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The term visual working memory (VWM) refers to the temporary storage of visual information. In electrophysiological recordings during the change detection task which relates to VWM, contralateral negative slow activity was detected. It was found to occur during the information is kept in memory and it was called contralateral delay activity. In this study, the characteristics of electroencephalogram frequencies of the contralateral and ipsilateral responses in the retention phase of VWM were evaluated by using time-frequency analysis (discrete wavelet transform [DWT]) in the change detection task. Twenty-six volunteers participated in the study. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were examined, and then a time-frequency analysis was performed. A statistically significant difference between contralateral and ipsilateral responses was found in the ERP. DWT showed a statistically significant difference between contralateral and ipsilateral responses in the delta and theta frequency bands range. When volunteers were grouped as either high or low VWM capacity the time-frequency analysis between these groups revealed that high memory capacity groups have a significantly higher negative coefficient in alpha and beta frequency bands. This study showed that during the retention phase delta and theta bands may relate to visual memory retention and alpha and beta bands may reflect individual memory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökçer Eskikurt
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Deniz Duru
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Marmara University, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Numan Ermutlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul Sağlık ve Teknoloji University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan İşoğlu-Alkaç
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Albertina EA, Barch DM, Karcher NR. Internalizing Symptoms and Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Functional Connectivity in a Middle Childhood Sample. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:50-59. [PMID: 35483606 PMCID: PMC9596616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has found overlapping associations in adults of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to both internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and a history of traumatic events. The present study aimed to extend this previous research to a younger sample by examining RSFC associations with both internalizing symptoms and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in middle childhood. METHODS We used generalized linear mixed models to examine associations between a priori within- and between-network RSFC with child-reported internalizing symptoms and ACEs using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset (N = 10,168, mean age = 9.95 years, SD = 0.627). RESULTS We found that internalizing symptoms and ACEs were associated with both multiple overlapping and unique RSFC network patterns. Both ACEs and internalizing symptoms were associated with a reduced anticorrelation between the default mode network and the dorsal attention network. However, internalizing symptoms were uniquely associated with lower within-network default mode network connectivity, while ACEs were uniquely associated with both lower between-network connectivity of the auditory network and cingulo-opercular network, and higher within-network frontoparietal network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS The present study points to overlap in the RSFC associations with internalizing symptoms and ACEs, as well as important areas of specificity in RSFC associations. Many of the RSFC associations found have been previously implicated in attentional control functions, including modulation of attention to sensory stimuli. This may have critical importance in understanding internalizing symptoms and outcomes of ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Albertina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding Y, Xu X, Peng L, Zhang L, Li W, Cao W, Gao X. Wavelet transform-based frequency self-adaptive model for functional brain network. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11181-11194. [PMID: 37759345 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate estimation of functional brain networks is essential for comprehending the intricate relationships between different brain regions. Conventional methods such as Pearson Correlation and Sparse Representation often fail to uncover concealed information within diverse frequency bands. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel frequency-adaptive model based on wavelet transform, enabling selective capture of highly correlated frequency band sequences. Our approach involves decomposing the original time-domain signal from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into distinct frequency domains, thus constructing an adjacency matrix that offers enhanced separation of features across brain regions. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed model over conventional techniques, showcasing improved clarity and distinctiveness. Notably, we achieved the highest accuracy rate of 89.01% using Sparse Representation based on Wavelet Transform, outperforming Pearson Correlation based on Wavelet Transform with an accuracy of 81.32%. Importantly, our method optimizes raw data without significantly altering feature topology, rendering it adaptable to various functional brain network estimation approaches. Overall, this innovation holds the potential to advance the understanding of brain function and furnish more accurate samples for future research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Ding
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Liling Peng
- Department of Pet/MR, Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Weikai Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 276800, China
| | - Wenming Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Nan'An 400064, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pet/MR, Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai 200065, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pham MD, D’Angiulli A, Dehnavi MM, Chhabra R. From Brain Models to Robotic Embodied Cognition: How Does Biological Plausibility Inform Neuromorphic Systems? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1316. [PMID: 37759917 PMCID: PMC10526461 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine the challenging "marriage" between computational efficiency and biological plausibility-A crucial node in the domain of spiking neural networks at the intersection of neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Through a transdisciplinary review, we retrace the historical and most recent constraining influences that these parallel fields have exerted on descriptive analysis of the brain, construction of predictive brain models, and ultimately, the embodiment of neural networks in an enacted robotic agent. We study models of Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) as the central means enabling autonomous and intelligent behaviors in biological systems. We then provide a critical comparison of the available hardware and software to emulate SNNs for investigating biological entities and their application on artificial systems. Neuromorphics is identified as a promising tool to embody SNNs in real physical systems and different neuromorphic chips are compared. The concepts required for describing SNNs are dissected and contextualized in the new no man's land between cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Although there are recent reviews on the application of neuromorphic computing in various modules of the guidance, navigation, and control of robotic systems, the focus of this paper is more on closing the cognition loop in SNN-embodied robotics. We argue that biologically viable spiking neuronal models used for electroencephalogram signals are excellent candidates for furthering our knowledge of the explainability of SNNs. We complete our survey by reviewing different robotic modules that can benefit from neuromorphic hardware, e.g., perception (with a focus on vision), localization, and cognition. We conclude that the tradeoff between symbolic computational power and biological plausibility of hardware can be best addressed by neuromorphics, whose presence in neurorobotics provides an accountable empirical testbench for investigating synthetic and natural embodied cognition. We argue this is where both theoretical and empirical future work should converge in multidisciplinary efforts involving neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Do Pham
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (M.D.P.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Amedeo D’Angiulli
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Maryam Mehri Dehnavi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (M.D.P.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Robin Chhabra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramírez-Carrillo E, G-Santoyo I, López-Corona O, Rojas-Ramos OA, Falcón LI, Gaona O, de la Fuente Rodríguez RM, Hernández Castillo A, Cerqueda-García D, Sánchez-Quinto A, Hernández-Muciño D, Nieto J. Similar connectivity of gut microbiota and brain activity networks is mediated by animal protein and lipid intake in children from a Mexican indigenous population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281385. [PMID: 37384745 PMCID: PMC10310019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis is a complex communication network essential for host health. Any long-term disruption can affect higher cognitive functions, or it may even result in several chronic neurological diseases. The type and diversity of nutrients an individual consumes are essential for developing the gut microbiota (GM) and the brain. Hence, dietary patterns might influence networks communication of this axis, especially at the age that both systems go through maturation processes. By implementing Mutual Information and Minimum Spanning Tree (MST); we proposed a novel combination of Machine Learning and Network Theory techniques to study the effect of animal protein and lipid intake on the connectivity of GM and brain cortex activity (BCA) networks in children from 5-to 10 years old from an indigenous community in the southwest of México. Socio-ecological conditions in this nonwestern lifestyle community are very homogeneous among its inhabitants but it shows high individual heterogeneity in the consumption of animal products. Results suggest that MST, the critical backbone of information flow, diminishes under low protein and lipid intake. So, under these nonwestern regimens, deficient animal protein and lipid consumption diets may significantly affect the GM-BCA connectivity in crucial development stages. Finally, MST offers us a metric that unifies biological systems of different nature to evaluate the change in their complexity in the face of environmental pressures or disturbances. Effect of Diet on gut microbiota and brain networks connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Ramírez-Carrillo
- NeuroEcology Lab, Department of Psychology, UNAM, CDMX, México
- Investigadoras por México, Posdoc-CONACyT, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México
| | - Isaac G-Santoyo
- NeuroEcology Lab, Department of Psychology, UNAM, CDMX, México
- Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México
| | - Oliver López-Corona
- Cátedras CONACyT, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas (IIMAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Olga A. Rojas-Ramos
- NeuroEcology Lab, Department of Psychology, UNAM, CDMX, México
- Coordinación de Psciobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México
| | - Luisa I. Falcón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Osiris Gaona
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | | | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Quinto
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Diego Hernández-Muciño
- Laboratorio de Agroecología Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistema y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, México
| | - Javier Nieto
- Laboratorio de Aprendizaje y Adaptación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Frequency-specific brain network architecture in resting-state fMRI. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2964. [PMID: 36806195 PMCID: PMC9941507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of brain function in resting-state network (RSN) models, ascertained through the functional connectivity pattern of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), is sufficiently powerful for studying large-scale functional integration of the brain. However, in RSN-based research, the network architecture has been regarded as the same through different frequency bands. Thus, here, we aimed to examined whether the network architecture changes with frequency. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal was decomposed into four frequency bands-ranging from 0.007 to 0.438 Hz-and the clustering algorithm was applied to each of them. The best clustering number was selected for each frequency band based on the overlap ratio with task activation maps. The results demonstrated that resting-state BOLD signals exhibited frequency-specific network architecture; that is, the networks finely subdivided in the lower frequency bands were integrated into fewer networks in higher frequency bands rather than reconfigured, and the default mode network and networks related to perception had sufficiently strong architecture to survive in an environment with a lower signal-to-noise ratio. These findings provide a novel framework to enable improved understanding of brain function through the multiband frequency analysis of ultra-slow rs-fMRI data.
Collapse
|
10
|
Attivissimo F, De Palma L, Di Nisio A, Scarpetta M, Lanzolla AML. Photoplethysmography Signal Wavelet Enhancement and Novel Features Selection for Non-Invasive Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2321. [PMID: 36850919 PMCID: PMC9960464 DOI: 10.3390/s23042321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, new features relevant to blood pressure (BP) estimation using photoplethysmography (PPG) are presented. A total of 195 features, including the proposed ones and those already known in the literature, have been calculated on a set composed of 50,000 pulses from 1080 different patients. Three feature selection methods, namely Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS), RReliefF and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR), have then been applied to identify the most significant features for BP estimation. Some of these features have been extracted through a novel PPG signal enhancement method based on the use of the Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT). As a matter of fact, the enhanced signal leads to a reliable identification of the characteristic points of the PPG signal (e.g., systolic, diastolic and dicrotic notch points) by simple means, obtaining results comparable with those from purposely defined algorithms. For systolic points, mean and std of errors computed as the difference between the locations obtained using a purposely defined already known algorithm and those using the MODWT enhancement are, respectively, 0.0097 s and 0.0202 s; for diastolic points they are, respectively, 0.0441 s and 0.0486 s; for dicrotic notch points they are 0.0458 s and 0.0896 s. Hence, this study leads to the selection of several new features from the MODWT enhanced signal on every single pulse extracted from PPG signals, in addition to features already known in the literature. These features can be employed to train machine learning (ML) models useful for estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a non-invasive way, which is suitable for telemedicine health-care monitoring.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinzuti E, Wollstadt P, Tüscher O, Wibral M. Information theoretic evidence for layer- and frequency-specific changes in cortical information processing under anesthesia. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010380. [PMID: 36701388 PMCID: PMC9904504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature relies on highly distributed computation for the processing of information in nervous systems across the entire animal kingdom. Such distributed computation can be more easily understood if decomposed into the three elementary components of information processing, i.e. storage, transfer and modification, and rigorous information theoretic measures for these components exist. However, the distributed computation is often also linked to neural dynamics exhibiting distinct rhythms. Thus, it would be beneficial to associate the above components of information processing with distinct rhythmic processes where possible. Here we focus on the storage of information in neural dynamics and introduce a novel spectrally-resolved measure of active information storage (AIS). Drawing on intracortical recordings of neural activity in ferrets under anesthesia before and after loss of consciousness (LOC) we show that anesthesia- related modulation of AIS is highly specific to different frequency bands and that these frequency-specific effects differ across cortical layers and brain regions. We found that in the high/low gamma band the effects of anesthesia result in AIS modulation only in the supergranular layers, while in the alpha/beta band the strongest decrease in AIS can be seen at infragranular layers. Finally, we show that the increase of spectral power at multiple frequencies, in particular at alpha and delta bands in frontal areas, that is often observed during LOC ('anteriorization') also impacts local information processing-but in a frequency specific way: Increases in isoflurane concentration induced a decrease in AIS in the alpha frequencies, while they increased AIS in the delta frequency range < 2Hz. Thus, the analysis of spectrally-resolved AIS provides valuable additional insights into changes in cortical information processing under anaesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Pinzuti
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- MEG Unit, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Patricia Wollstadt
- MEG Unit, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Wibral
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
von Schwanenflug N, Koch SP, Krohn S, Broeders TAA, Lydon-Staley DM, Bassett DS, Schoonheim MM, Paul F, Finke C. Increased flexibility of brain dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad143. [PMID: 37188221 PMCID: PMC10176242 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis consistently show widespread changes in functional connectivity. Yet, alterations are heterogeneous across studies, underscoring the complexity of functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aim to provide new insights by applying a time-resolved graph-analytical framework to identify a clinically relevant pattern of dynamic functional connectivity reconfigurations in multiple sclerosis. Resting-state data from 75 patients with multiple sclerosis (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 42.0 ± 11.0 years, median disease duration: 6 ± 11.4 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched controls (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 40.2 ± 11.8 years) were analysed using multilayer community detection. Local, resting-state functional system and global levels of dynamic functional connectivity reconfiguration were characterized using graph-theoretical measures including flexibility, promiscuity, cohesion, disjointedness and entropy. Moreover, we quantified hypo- and hyper-flexibility of brain regions and derived the flexibility reorganization index as a summary measure of whole-brain reorganization. Lastly, we explored the relationship between clinical disability and altered functional dynamics. Significant increases in global flexibility (t = 2.38, PFDR = 0.024), promiscuity (t = 1.94, PFDR = 0.038), entropy (t = 2.17, PFDR = 0.027) and cohesion (t = 2.45, PFDR = 0.024) were observed in patients and were driven by pericentral, limbic and subcortical regions. Importantly, these graph metrics were correlated with clinical disability such that greater reconfiguration dynamics tracked greater disability. Moreover, patients demonstrate a systematic shift in flexibility from sensorimotor areas to transmodal areas, with the most pronounced increases located in regions with generally low dynamics in controls. Together, these findings reveal a hyperflexible reorganization of brain activity in multiple sclerosis that clusters in pericentral, subcortical and limbic areas. This functional reorganization was linked to clinical disability, providing new evidence that alterations of multilayer temporal dynamics play a role in the manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina von Schwanenflug
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan P Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stephan Krohn
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Tommy A A Broeders
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe 87501, NM, USA
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10017, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Correspondence to: Carsten Finke Charité - Universitätsklinikum Berlin Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology Campus Mitte, Bonhoeffer Weg 3, 10098 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dimitriadis SI. Assessing the Repeatability of Multi-Frequency Multi-Layer Brain Network Topologies Across Alternative Researcher's Choice Paths. Neuroinformatics 2023; 21:71-88. [PMID: 36372844 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-022-09610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the neuroscience community on the advantages of multilayer functional brain networks. Researchers usually treated different frequencies separately at distinct functional brain networks. However, there is strong evidence that these networks share complementary information while their interdependencies could reveal novel findings. For this purpose, neuroscientists adopt multilayer networks, which can be described mathematically as an extension of trivial single-layer networks. Multilayer networks have become popular in neuroscience due to their advantage to integrate different sources of information. Here, Ι will focus on the multi-frequency multilayer functional connectivity analysis on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) recordings. However, constructing a multilayer network depends on selecting multiple pre-processing steps that can affect the final network topology. Here, I analyzed the rs-fMRI dataset from a single human performing scanning over a period of 18 months (84 scans in total), and the rs-fMRI dataset containing 25 subjects with 3 repeat scans. I focused on assessing the reproducibility of multi-frequency multilayer topologies exploring the effect of two filtering methods for extracting frequencies from BOLD activity, three connectivity estimators, with or without a topological filtering scheme, and two spatial scales. Finally, I untangled specific combinations of researchers' choices that yield consistently brain networks with repeatable topologies, giving me the chance to recommend best practices over consistent topologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Campus Mundet, Edifici de PonentPasseig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Integrative Neuroimaging Lab, 55133, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK.
- Neuroinformatics Group, School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yue J, Zhao N, Qiao Y, Feng Z, Hu Y, Ge Q, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zang Y. Higher reliability and validity of Wavelet-ALFF of resting-state fMRI: From multicenter database and application to rTMS modulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1105-1117. [PMID: 36394386 PMCID: PMC9875929 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) has been widely used for localization of abnormal activity at the single-voxel level in resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) studies. However, previous ALFF studies were based on fast Fourier transform (FFT-ALFF). Our recent study found that ALFF based on wavelet transform (Wavelet-ALFF) showed better sensitivity and reproducibility than FFT-ALFF. The current study aimed to test the reliability and validity of Wavelet-ALFF, and apply Wavelet-ALFF to investigate the modulation effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The reliability and validity were assessed on multicenter RS-fMRI datasets under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions (248 healthy participants in total). We then detected the sensitivity of Wavelet-ALFF using a rTMS modulation dataset (24 healthy participants). For each dataset, Wavelet-ALFF based on five mother wavelets (i.e., db2, bior4.4, morl, meyr and sym3) and FFT-ALFF were calculated in the conventional band and five frequency sub-bands. The results showed that the reliability of both inter-scanner and intra-scanner was higher with Wavelet-ALFF than with FFT-ALFF across multiple frequency bands, especially db2-ALFF in the higher frequency band slow-2 (0.1992-0.25 Hz). In terms of validity, the multicenter ECEO datasets showed that the effect sizes of Wavelet-ALFF with all mother wavelets (especially for db2-ALFF) were larger than those of FFT-ALFF across multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, Wavelet-ALFF detected a larger modulation effect than FFT-ALFF. Collectively, Wavelet db2-ALFF showed the best reliability and validity, suggesting that db2-ALFF may offer a powerful metric for inspecting regional spontaneous brain activities in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- TMS Center, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Deqing HospitalHuzhouChina,Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina
| | - Na Zhao
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina,Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacao SARChina,Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauMacao SARChina
| | - Yang Qiao
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina,Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauMacao SARChina,Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacao SARChina
| | - Zi‐Jian Feng
- TMS Center, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Deqing HospitalHuzhouChina
| | - Yun‐Song Hu
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina
| | - Qiu Ge
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina
| | | | - Zhu‐Qian Zhang
- School of MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of sports medicine and healthChengdu Sport UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu‐Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Institute of Psychological SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive ImpairmentsHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Q, He C, Fan D, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Xie C. Neural effects of childhood maltreatment on dynamic large-scale brain networks in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114870. [PMID: 36194942 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment (CM) alters trajectories of brain development to affect network architecture and is a risk factor for the development and maintenance of depression. The current study aimed to explore the association between CM and depressive severity on the large-scale resting-state networks (RSNs) level in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and explored the network basis of clinical symptoms. 42 healthy controls without childhood maltreatment, 13 healthy controls with CM, 35 MDD without CM and 50 MDD with CM were included in the study population. Group differences in ten large-scale RSNs, associations between CM and depressive symptom dimensions and network variables were tested. And we explored whether symptom-related networks might discriminate between the four groups. We found one-versus-all-others-network showed an inverted U-shaped curve across groups. Network variables were significantly associated with Hamilton Depression Scale subscores and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire subscores. Different symptoms showed different imaging patterns, and overlapping connections of patterns had better ability to distinguish groups. Our findings suggest that CM could lead to significant changes in both network measures and connections in healthy individuals and MDD. These results deepen our understanding of the neuroimaging mechanisms of CM and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canan He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Psychology School of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu YY, Hu YS, Wang J, Zang YF, Zhang Y. Toward Precise Localization of Abnormal Brain Activity: 1D CNN on Single Voxel fMRI Time-Series. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:822237. [PMID: 35573265 PMCID: PMC9094401 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.822237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the best techniques for precise localization of abnormal brain activity non-invasively. Machine-learning approaches have been widely used in neuroimaging studies; however, few studies have investigated the single-voxel modeling of fMRI data under cognitive tasks. We proposed a hybrid one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) based on the temporal dynamics of single-voxel fMRI time-series and successfully differentiated two continuous task states, namely, self-initiated (SI) and visually guided (VG) motor tasks. First, 25 activation peaks were identified from the contrast maps of SI and VG tasks in a blocked design. Then, the fMRI time-series of each peak voxel was transformed into a temporal-frequency domain by using continuous wavelet transform across a broader frequency range (0.003–0.313 Hz, with a step of 0.01 Hz). The transformed time-series was inputted into a 1D-CNN model for the binary classification of SI and VG continuous tasks. Compared with the univariate analysis, e.g., amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) at each frequency band, including, wavelet-ALFF, the 1D-CNN model highly outperformed wavelet-ALFF, with more efficient decoding models [46% of 800 models showing area under the curve (AUC) > 0.61] and higher decoding accuracies (94% of the efficient models), especially on the high-frequency bands (>0.1 Hz). Moreover, our results also demonstrated the advantages of wavelet decompositions over the original fMRI series by showing higher decoding performance on all peak voxels. Overall, this study suggests a great potential of single-voxel analysis using 1D-CNN and wavelet transformation of fMRI series with continuous, naturalistic, steady-state task design or resting-state design. It opens new avenues to precise localization of abnormal brain activity and fMRI-guided precision brain stimulation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying Wu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Song Hu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders and the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Center, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Feng Zang
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Healthcare Data Science, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- Yu Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang FN, Hassanzadeh-Behbahani S, Kumar P, Moore DJ, Ellis RJ, Jiang X. The impacts of HIV infection, age, and education on functional brain networks in adults with HIV. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:265-273. [PMID: 35044643 PMCID: PMC9584140 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain highly prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). Studies suggested that certain sociodemographic factors are associated with the risk of HAND in PWH. Here we investigated the impact of HIV infection and demographics on functional brain networks. One run of 8.5 min resting state functional MRI (fMRI) data was collected from 101 PWH (41-70 years old) and 40 demographically comparable controls. Functional connectivity (FC) was calculated using average wavelet coherence. The impact of demographic factors on FCs was investigated using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Wavelet coherence analysis revealed a reduced within-network connectivity in the dorsal somatomotor network (dSMN), along with a reduced between-network connectivity between dSMN and medial temporal lobe (MTL) in PWH (compared to controls). Across all participants, CCA revealed that older age and HIV infection had negative impacts on network connectivity measures (mainly reduced within- and between-network FCs), whereas education had an opposite effect. In addition, being female at birth or a member of a minority ethnic/racial group was also associated with network disruptions. Our data suggested that advanced age and HIV infection are risk factors for functional brain network disruptions, whereas higher educational attainment was linked to better preserved functional network connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | | | - Princy Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weber I, Oehrn CR. A Waveform-Independent Measure of Recurrent Neural Activity. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:800116. [PMID: 35321152 PMCID: PMC8936506 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic neural activity, so-called oscillations, plays a key role in neural information transmission, processing, and storage. Neural oscillations in distinct frequency bands are central to physiological brain function, and alterations thereof have been associated with several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The most common methods to analyze neural oscillations, e.g., short-time Fourier transform or wavelet analysis, assume that measured neural activity is composed of a series of symmetric prototypical waveforms, e.g., sinusoids. However, usually, the models generating the signal, including waveform shapes of experimentally measured neural activity are unknown. Decomposing asymmetric waveforms of nonlinear origin using these classic methods may result in spurious harmonics visible in the estimated frequency spectra. Here, we introduce a new method for capturing rhythmic brain activity based on recurrences of similar states in phase-space. This method allows for a time-resolved estimation of amplitude fluctuations of recurrent activity irrespective of or specific to waveform shapes. The algorithm is derived from the well-established field of recurrence analysis, which, in comparison to Fourier-based analysis, is still very uncommon in neuroscience. In this paper, we show its advantages and limitations in comparison to short-time Fourier transform and wavelet convolution using periodic signals of different waveform shapes. Furthermore, we demonstrate its application using experimental data, i.e., intracranial and noninvasive electrophysiological recordings from the human motor cortex of one epilepsy patient and one healthy adult, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immo Weber
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carina Renate Oehrn
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Savolainen OW. The significance of neural inter-frequency power correlations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23190. [PMID: 34848759 PMCID: PMC8633012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of great interest in neuroscience to determine what frequency bands in the brain have covarying power. This would help us robustly identify the frequency signatures of neural processes. However to date, to the best of the author's knowledge, a comprehensive statistical approach to this question that accounts for intra-frequency autocorrelation, frequency-domain oversampling, and multiple testing under dependency has not been undertaken. As such, this work presents a novel statistical significance test for correlated power across frequency bands for a broad class of non-stationary time series. It is validated on synthetic data. It is then used to test all of the inter-frequency power correlations between 0.2 and 8500 Hz in continuous intracortical extracellular neural recordings in Macaque M1, using a very large, publicly available dataset. The recordings were Current Source Density referenced and were recorded with a Utah array. The results support previous results in the literature that show that neural processes in M1 have power signatures across a very broad range of frequency bands. In particular, the power in LFP frequency bands as low as 20 Hz was found to almost always be statistically significantly correlated to the power in kHz frequency ranges. It is proposed that this test can also be used to discover the superimposed frequency domain signatures of all the neural processes in a neural signal, allowing us to identify every interesting neural frequency band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W Savolainen
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dash D, Ferrari P, Babajani-Feremi A, Borna A, Schwindt PDD, Wang J. Magnetometers vs Gradiometers for Neural Speech Decoding. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6543-6546. [PMID: 34892608 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural speech decoding aims at providing natural rate communication assistance to patients with locked-in state (e.g. due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) in contrast to the traditional brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers which are slow. Recent studies have shown that Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a suitable neuroimaging modality to study neural speech decoding considering its excellent temporal resolution that can characterize the fast dynamics of speech. Gradiometers have been the preferred choice for sensor space analysis with MEG, due to their efficacy in noise suppression over magnetometers. However, recent development of optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) based wearable-MEG devices have shown great potential in future BCI applications, yet, no prior study has evaluated the performance of magnetometers in neural speech decoding. In this study, we decoded imagined and spoken speech from the MEG signals of seven healthy participants and compared the performance of magnetometers and gradiometers. Experimental results indicated that magnetometers also have the potential for neural speech decoding, although the performance was significantly lower than that obtained with gradiometers. Further, we implemented a wavelet based denoising strategy that improved the performance of both magnetometers and gradiometers significantly. These findings reconfirm that gradiometers are preferable in MEG based decoding analysis but also provide the possibility towards the use of magnetometers (or OPMs) for the development of the next-generation speech-BCIs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of education on functional network edge efficiency in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17255. [PMID: 34446742 PMCID: PMC8390462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of education on the edge efficiency in resting state functional networks (RSFNs) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). We collected the data of 57 early aMCI, 141 late aMCI, 173 mild ADD, and 39 moderate-to-severe ADD patients. We used years of education as a proxy for cognitive reserve. We measured edge efficiency for each edge in RSFNs, and performed simple slope analyses to discover their associations with education level among the four groups. In the late aMCI, a sub-network that had hub nodes in the right middle frontal gyrus and the right posterior cingulate gyrus, showed a positive association between RSFN edge efficiency and education (threshold = 2.5, p = 0.0478). There was no negative effect of education on the RSFN edge efficiency. In the early aMCI, mild ADD, and moderate-to-severe ADD, there were no sub-networks showing positive or negative correlation between education and RSFN edge efficiency. There was a positive effect of higher education on RSFN edge efficiency in the late aMCI, but not in the early aMCI or ADD. This indicates that in late aMCI, those who have higher education level have greater ability to resist collapsed functional network.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kumar A, Tomar H, Mehla VK, Komaragiri R, Kumar M. Stationary wavelet transform based ECG signal denoising method. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2021; 114:251-262. [PMID: 33419569 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. During ECG signal acquisition, various noises like power line interference, baseline wandering, motion artifacts, and electromyogram noise corrupt the ECG signal. As an ECG signal is non-stationary, removing these noises from the recorded ECG signal is quite tricky. In this paper, along with the proposed denoising technique using stationary wavelet transform, various denoising techniques like lowpass filtering, highpass filtering, empirical mode decomposition, Fourier decomposition method, discrete wavelet transform are studied to denoise an ECG signal corrupted with noise. Signal-to-noise ratio, percentage root-mean-square difference, and root mean square error are used to compare the ECG signal denoising performance. The experimental result showed that the proposed stationary wavelet transform based ECG denoising technique outperformed the other ECG denoising techniques as more ECG signal components are preserved than other denoising algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India.
| | - Harshit Tomar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Virender Kumar Mehla
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Rama Komaragiri
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Rohini, Delhi 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morin TM, Chang AE, Ma W, McGuire JT, Stern CE. Dynamic Network Analysis Demonstrates the Formation of Stable Functional Networks During Rule Learning. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5511-5525. [PMID: 34313717 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the functional connectivity of large-scale cortical brain networks may explain individual differences in learning ability. We used a dynamic network analysis of fMRI data to identify changes in functional brain networks that are associated with context-dependent rule learning. During fMRI scanning, naïve subjects performed a cognitive task designed to test their ability to learn context-dependent rules. Notably, subjects were given minimal instructions about the task prior to scanning. We identified several key network characteristics associated with fast and accurate rule learning. First, consistent with the formation of stable functional networks, a dynamic community detection analysis revealed regionally specific reductions in flexible switching between different functional communities in successful learners. Second, successful rule learners showed decreased centrality of ventral attention regions and increased assortative mixing of cognitive control regions as the rules were learned. Finally, successful subjects showed greater decoupling of default and attention communities throughout the entire task, whereas ventral attention and cognitive control regions became more connected during learning. Overall, the results support a framework by which a stable ventral attention community and more flexible cognitive control community support sustained attention and the formation of rule representations in successful learners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Morin
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allen E Chang
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Weida Ma
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph T McGuire
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Examining feedback mechanisms of postural control in Chiari Malformation by average wavelet coefficient decomposition and the Hurst exponent. Gait Posture 2021; 88:280-285. [PMID: 34153805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiari Malformation (CM) is a congenital disorder occurring when the cerebellar tonsils descend into the foramen magnum, inhibiting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, causing headaches, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, and loss of neuromuscular coordination. While there is no cure, surgical decompression of the hindbrain is used to alleviate symptoms. Loss of postural control is a main symptom reported by these patients; however, no study has examined postural stability in this cohort of patients. RESEARCH QUESTION Do patients with CM exhibit impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls?. METHODS Twelve female participants diagnosed with CM performed a postural stability test where six participants had undergone decompression (CM-D) surgery while six had not (CM-ND). Participants stood in Romberg fashion on an AMTI force plate according to an IRB-approved protocol. Postural stability measures were quantified by computing Hurst exponents. These values were determined from the Average Wavelet Coefficient method using a level 12 Symlet-2 wavelet to analyze anterior-posterior (AP) center-ofpressure (COP) trajectories in MATLAB. Identical procedures and analyses were performed on healthy control participants with no known neuromuscular disorders. RESULTS CM participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002). CM-D participants displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to CM-ND (p = 0.002). CM-D and CM-ND both displayed significantly impaired postural stability compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.003, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE Loss of postural stability is considered a main symptom of CM, however no study has previously quantified human postural control in this cohort of patients. Quantifying this relationship can provide further insight to neurologists studying the disorder and to therapists planning rehabilitation and pain relief methods.
Collapse
|
25
|
Qin Y, Tong X, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Yang J, Qin K, Lei D, Gong Q, Zhou D, An D. Divergent Anatomical Correlates and Functional Network Connectivity Patterns in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with and Without Depression. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:525-536. [PMID: 33973138 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy and depression were proposed to facilitate each other reciprocally through common neurobiological anomalies, especially the prefrontal-limbic-subcortical abnormalities. Yet neuroimaging patterns of higher-order cognitive networks and neuroanatomical correlates were rarely compared in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with (TLE-D) and without depression (TLE-N). We collected T1-weighted structural and resting-state functional MRI data from 20 TLE-D, 31 TLE-N and 20 healthy controls (HCs) and performed analyses including hippocampal volume (HCV), cortical thickness, gray matter volume (GMV) and whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC) across three groups. Imaging differences were related to clinical and psychological measurements. TLE-D demonstrated disrupted functional role of subcortical (SUB) and higher-order cognitive networks compared to TLE-N and HCs. In TLE-D, GMV in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) and FNC between the dorsal attention (DAN) and SUB were attenuated compared to TLE-N and HCs, FNC between SUB and the visual network (VIS) decreased compared to HCs. GMV in the right SMA was negatively correlated with depression severity and some symptoms. Combined, explicit emotion regulation may be impaired in TLE-D. Meanwhile, compared to HCs, TLE-N showed smaller HCVs, TLE-D and TLE-N showed smaller GMV in the medial orbital frontal gyrus and right hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus, possibly implying predisposition of epileptic activities to co-morbid depression. Our findings suggest distinct anatomical and FNC patterns in TLE-D and TLE-N. More than prefrontal-limbic-subcortical anomalies, disrupted higher-order cognitive network may contribute to depression in TLE, providing new potential treatment targets for depression and calling attention to relation between cognitive dysfunction and co-morbid depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qin
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Neurology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dongmei An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qaisar SM, Hussain SF. Effective epileptic seizure detection by using level-crossing EEG sampling sub-bands statistical features selection and machine learning for mobile healthcare. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 203:106034. [PMID: 33744752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobile healthcare is an emerging approach which can be realized by using cloud-connected biomedical implants. In this context, a level-crossing sampling and adaptive-rate processing based innovative method is suggested for an effective and automated epileptic seizures diagnosis. The suggested solution can achieve a significant real-time compression in computational complexity and transmission activity reduction. The proposed method acquires the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal by using the level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LCADC) and selects its active segments by using the activity selection algorithm (ASA). This effectively pilots the post adaptive-rate modules such as denoising, wavelet based sub-bands decomposition, and dimension reduction. The University of Bonn and Hauz Khas epilepsy-detection databases are used to evaluate the proposed approach. Experiments show that the proposed system achieves a 4.1-fold and 3.7-fold decline, respectively, for University of Bonn and Hauz Khas datasets, in the number of samples obtained as opposed to traditional counterparts. This results in a reduction of the computational complexity of the proposed adaptive-rate processing approach by more than 14-fold. It promises a noticeable reduction in transmitter power, the use of bandwidth, and cloud-based classifier computational load. The overall accuracy of the method is also quantified in terms of the epilepsy classification performance. The proposed system achieves100% classification accuracy for most of the studied cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mian Qaisar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, 22332, KSA; Communication & Signal Processing Lab, Energy & Technology Cenetr, Effat University, Jeddah, 22332, KSA.
| | - Syed Fawad Hussain
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan; Machine Learning and Data Science (MDS) lab, GIK Institute, Topi.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Multirate Processing with Selective Subbands and Machine Learning for Efficient Arrhythmia Classification. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041511. [PMID: 33671583 PMCID: PMC7926887 DOI: 10.3390/s21041511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The usage of wearable gadgets is growing in the cloud-based health monitoring systems. The signal compression, computational and power efficiencies play an imperative part in this scenario. In this context, we propose an efficient method for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The method combines multirate processing, wavelet decomposition and frequency content-based subband coefficient selection and machine learning techniques. Multirate processing and features selection is used to reduce the amount of information processed thus reducing the computational complexity of the proposed system relative to the equivalent fixed-rate solutions. Frequency content-dependent subband coefficient selection enhances the compression gain and reduces the transmission activity and computational cost of the post cloud-based classification. We have used MIT-BIH dataset for our experiments. To avoid overfitting and biasness, the performance of considered classifiers is studied by using five-fold cross validation (5CV) and a novel proposed partial blind protocol. The designed method achieves more than 12-fold computational gain while assuring an appropriate signal reconstruction. The compression gain is 13 times compared to fixed-rate counterparts and the highest classification accuracies are 97.06% and 92.08% for the 5CV and partial blind cases, respectively. Results suggest the feasibility of detecting cardiac arrhythmias using the proposed approach.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Q, He C, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Xie C. Dynamic Connectivity Alteration Facilitates Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. Brain Connect 2021; 11:213-224. [PMID: 33308002 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is unknown the alterations in the dynamic networks of the brain and the underlying molecular pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. Here, we aim to explore the association between alterations in the dynamic brain networks' trajectory and cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. Methods: One hundred sixty subjects were recruited from the ADNI database, including 49 early mild cognitive impairment, 28 late mild cognitive impairment, 24 AD patients, and 59 cognitively normal. All participants completed the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and neuropsychological tests. We integrated a new method combining large-scale network analysis and canonical correlation analysis to explore the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns within- and between resting-state networks (RSNs) and their significance in the AD spectrum. Results: All RSNs represented an increase in connectivity within networks by enhancing inner cohesive ability, while 7 out of 10 RSNs were characterized by a decrease in connectivity between networks, which indicated a weakened connector among networks from the early stage to dementia. This dichotomous mode presenting large-scale dynamic network abnormality was significantly correlated with the levels of molecular biomarkers of AD, and cognitive performance, as well as with the accumulating effects of 10 identified AD-related genetic risk factors. Discussion: These findings deepen our understanding of the associated mechanism underlying large-scale network disruption, linking known molecular biomarkers and phenotypic variations in the AD spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cancan He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang Z, Telesford QK, Franco AR, Lim R, Gu S, Xu T, Ai L, Castellanos FX, Yan CG, Colcombe S, Milham MP. Measurement reliability for individual differences in multilayer network dynamics: Cautions and considerations. Neuroimage 2021; 225:117489. [PMID: 33130272 PMCID: PMC7829665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilayer network models have been proposed as an effective means of capturing the dynamic configuration of distributed neural circuits and quantitatively describing how communities vary over time. Beyond general insights into brain function, a growing number of studies have begun to employ these methods for the study of individual differences. However, test-retest reliabilities for multilayer network measures have yet to be fully quantified or optimized, potentially limiting their utility for individual difference studies. Here, we systematically evaluated the impact of multilayer community detection algorithms, selection of network parameters, scan duration, and task condition on test-retest reliabilities of multilayer network measures (i.e., flexibility, integration, and recruitment). A key finding was that the default method used for community detection by the popular generalized Louvain algorithm can generate erroneous results. Although available, an updated algorithm addressing this issue is yet to be broadly adopted in the neuroimaging literature. Beyond the algorithm, the present work identified parameter selection as a key determinant of test-retest reliability; however, optimization of these parameters and expected reliabilities appeared to be dataset-specific. Once parameters were optimized, consistent with findings from the static functional connectivity literature, scan duration was a much stronger determinant of reliability than scan condition. When the parameters were optimized and scan duration was sufficient, both passive (i.e., resting state, Inscapes, and movie) and active (i.e., flanker) tasks were reliable, although reliability in the movie watching condition was significantly higher than in the other three tasks. The minimal data requirement for achieving reliable measures for the movie watching condition was 20 min, and 30 min for the other three tasks. Our results caution the field against the use of default parameters without optimization based on the specific datasets to be employed - a process likely to be limited for most due to the lack of test-retest samples to enable parameter optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Qawi K Telesford
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Alexandre R Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States; Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, 101 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022, United States
| | - Ryan Lim
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States
| | - Shi Gu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, 101 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022, United States
| | - Lei Ai
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, 101 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022, United States
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Stan Colcombe
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States; Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, 101 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pinzuti E, Wollstadt P, Gutknecht A, Tüscher O, Wibral M. Measuring spectrally-resolved information transfer. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008526. [PMID: 33370259 PMCID: PMC7793276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Information transfer, measured by transfer entropy, is a key component of distributed computation. It is therefore important to understand the pattern of information transfer in order to unravel the distributed computational algorithms of a system. Since in many natural systems distributed computation is thought to rely on rhythmic processes a frequency resolved measure of information transfer is highly desirable. Here, we present a novel algorithm, and its efficient implementation, to identify separately frequencies sending and receiving information in a network. Our approach relies on the invertible maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) for the creation of surrogate data in the computation of transfer entropy and entirely avoids filtering of the original signals. The approach thereby avoids well-known problems due to phase shifts or the ineffectiveness of filtering in the information theoretic setting. We also show that measuring frequency-resolved information transfer is a partial information decomposition problem that cannot be fully resolved to date and discuss the implications of this issue. Last, we evaluate the performance of our algorithm on simulated data and apply it to human magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings and to local field potential recordings in the ferret. In human MEG we demonstrate top-down information flow in temporal cortex from very high frequencies (above 100Hz) to both similarly high frequencies and to frequencies around 20Hz, i.e. a complex spectral configuration of cortical information transmission that has not been described before. In the ferret we show that the prefrontal cortex sends information at low frequencies (4-8 Hz) to early visual cortex (V1), while V1 receives the information at high frequencies (> 125 Hz).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Wollstadt
- MEG Unit, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Aaron Gutknecht
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Wibral
- MEG Unit, Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mehrabbeik M, Rashidi S, Fallah A, Rafiei Khoshnood E. Phonocardiography-based mitral valve prolapse detection with using fractional fourier transform. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 7. [PMID: 35090147 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abcaab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a common condition among people, which is often benign and does not need any serious treatment. However, this doesn't mean that MVP can't cause any problems. In malignant conditions, MVP can cause mitral failure and also heart failure. Early diagnosis of MVP is significantly important to control and reduce its complications. Since the phonocardiogram signal provides useful information about heart valves function, it can be used for MVP detection. To detect MVP, the signal was denoised and segmented into heart cycles and constant three-second pieces in the first and second approaches, respectively. Next, based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), the desired features were extracted. Then, the extracted features were windowed by a Moving Logarithmic Median Window (MLMW) and optimum features were selected using Mahalanobis, Bhattacharyya, Canberra, and Minkowski distance criteria. Finally, using the selected features, classification was performed by using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and the Suppor Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to find out whether a segment is prolapsed. The best results of the experiment on the collected database contain 15 prolapsed and 6 non-prolapsed subjects using the A-test method show 96.25 ± 2.43 accuracy, 98.5 ± 3.37 sensitivity, 94.0 ± 5.16 specificity, 96.0 ± 3.44 precision, 92.5 ± 4.86 kappa, and 96.6 ± 2.34 f-score with the SVM classifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Mehrabbeik
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Rashidi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences & Technologies, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fallah
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rafiei Khoshnood
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Medical School, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mian Qaisar S, Fawad Hussain S. Arrhythmia Diagnosis by Using Level-Crossing ECG Sampling and Sub-Bands Features Extraction for Mobile Healthcare. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082252. [PMID: 32316133 PMCID: PMC7218877 DOI: 10.3390/s20082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mobile healthcare is an emerging technique for clinical applications. It is usually based on cloud-connected biomedical implants. In this context, a novel solution is presented for the detection of arrhythmia by using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The aim is to achieve an effective solution by using real-time compression, efficient signal processing, and data transmission. The system utilizes level-crossing-based ECG signal sampling, adaptive-rate denoising, and wavelet-based sub-band decomposition. Statistical features are extracted from the sub-bands and used for automated arrhythmia classification. The performance of the system was studied by using five classes of arrhythmia, obtained from the MIT-BIH dataset. Experimental results showed a three-fold decrease in the number of collected samples compared to conventional counterparts. This resulted in a significant reduction of the computational cost of the post denoising, features extraction, and classification. Moreover, a seven-fold reduction was achieved in the amount of data that needed to be transmitted to the cloud. This resulted in a notable reduction in the transmitter power consumption, bandwidth usage, and cloud application processing load. Finally, the performance of the system was also assessed in terms of the arrhythmia classification, achieving an accuracy of 97%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mian Qaisar
- College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah 22332, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1221-37849
| | - Syed Fawad Hussain
- Machine Learning and Data Science Lab, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luo FF, Wang JB, Yuan LX, Zhou ZW, Xu H, Ma SH, Zang YF, Zhang M. Higher Sensitivity and Reproducibility of Wavelet-Based Amplitude of Resting-State fMRI. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:224. [PMID: 32300288 PMCID: PMC7145399 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a widely used algorithm used to depict the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Wavelet transform (WT) is more effective in representing the complex waveform due to its adaptivity to non-stationary or local features of data and many varieties of wavelet functions with different shapes being available. However, there is a paucity of RS-fMRI studies that systematically compare between the results of FFT versus WT. The present study employed five cohorts of datasets and compared the sensitivity and reproducibility of FFT-ALFF with those of Wavelet-ALFF based on five mother wavelets (namely, db2, bior4.4, morl, meyr, and sym3). In addition to the conventional frequency band of 0.0117-0.0781 Hz, a comparison was performed in sub-bands, namely, Slow-6 (0-0.0117 Hz), Slow-5 (0.0117-0.0273 Hz), Slow-4 (0.0273-0.0742 Hz), Slow-3 (0.0742-0.1992 Hz), and Slow-2 (0.1992-0.25 Hz). The results indicated that the Wavelet-ALFF of all five mother wavelets was generally more sensitive and reproducible than FFT-ALFF in all frequency bands. Specifically, in the higher frequency band Slow-2 (0.1992-0.25 Hz), the mean sensitivity of db2-ALFF results was 1.54 times that of FFT-ALFF, and the reproducibility of db2-ALFF results was 2.95 times that of FFT-ALFF. The findings suggest that wavelet-ALFF can replace FFT-ALFF, especially in the higher frequency band. Future studies should test more mother wavelets on other RS-fMRI metrics and multiple datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Bao Wang
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shao-Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Douw L, Quaak M, Fitzsimmons SM, de Wit SJ, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA, Vriend C. Static and dynamic network properties of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation target predict changes in emotion regulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:318-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
35
|
Computer Modeling of Barrel-Vaulted Sanctuary Exhibiting Flutter Echo with Comparison to Measurements. ACOUSTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/acoustics2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Computer modeling in acoustics allows for the prediction of acoustical defects and the evaluation of potential remediations. In this article, computer modeling is applied to the case of a barrel-vaulted sanctuary whose architectural design and construction led to severe flutter echoes along the main aisle, which was later mitigated through acoustical remediations. State-of-the-art geometrical acoustics and wave-based simulations are carried out to analyze the acoustics of this space, with a particular focus on the flutter echoes along the main aisle, before and after remediations. Multi-resolution wavelet and spectrogram analyses are carried out to isolate and characterize flutter echoes within measurements and computer-simulated room impulse responses. Comparisons of simulated responses to measurements are also made in terms of decay times and curves. Simulated room impulse responses from both geometrical acoustics and wave-based methods show evidence of flutter echoes matching measurements, to varying degrees. Time-frequency analyses isolating flutter echoes demonstrate better matches to measurements from wave-based simulated responses, at the cost of longer simulation times than geometrical acoustics simulations. This case study highlights the importance of computer modeling of acoustics in early design phases of architectural planning of worship spaces.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vriend C, Wagenmakers MJ, van den Heuvel OA, van der Werf YD. Resting-state network topology and planning ability in healthy adults. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:365-374. [PMID: 31865409 PMCID: PMC6957556 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been used extensively to investigate the brain areas that are recruited during the Tower of London (ToL) task. Nevertheless, little research has been devoted to study the neural correlates of the ToL task using a network approach. Here we investigated the association between functional connectivity and network topology during resting-state fMRI and ToL task performance, that was performed outside the scanner. Sixty-two (62) healthy subjects (21-74 years) underwent eyes-closed rsfMRI and performed the task on a laptop. We studied global (whole-brain) and within subnetwork resting-state topology as well as functional connectivity between subnetworks, with a focus on the default-mode, fronto-parietal and dorsal and ventral attention networks. Efficiency and clustering coefficient were calculated to measure network integration and segregation, respectively, at both the global and subnetwork level. Our main finding was that higher global efficiency was associated with slower performance (β = 0.22, Pbca = 0.04) and this association seemed mainly driven by inter-individual differences in default-mode network connectivity. The reported results were independent of age, sex, education-level and motion. Although this finding is contrary to earlier findings on general cognition, we tentatively hypothesize that the reported association may indicate that individuals with a more integrated brain during the resting-state are less able to further increase network efficiency when transitioning from a rest to task state, leading to slower responses. This study also adds to a growing body of literature supporting a central role for the default-mode network in individual differences in cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, p/a sec. ANW O|2, BT, PO Box 7007, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Margot J Wagenmakers
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Raghu S, Sriraam N, Temel Y, Rao SV, Hegde AS, Kubben PL. Complexity analysis and dynamic characteristics of EEG using MODWT based entropies for identification of seizure onset. J Biomed Res 2020; 34:1-3. [PMID: 32561693 PMCID: PMC7324271 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, complexity analysis and dynamic characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal based on maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) has been exploited for the identification of seizure onset. Since wavelet-based studies were well suited for classification of normal and epileptic seizure EEG, we have applied MODWT which is an improved version of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The selection of optimal wavelet sub-band and features plays a crucial role to understand the brain dynamics in epileptic patients. Therefore, we have investigated MODWT using four different wavelets, namely Haar, Coif4, Dmey, and Sym4 sub-bands until seven levels. Further, we have explored the potentials of six entropies, namely sigmoid, Shannon, wavelet, Renyi, Tsallis, and Steins unbiased risk estimator (SURE) entropies in each sub-band. The sigmoid entropy extracted from Haar wavelet in sub-band D4 showed the highest accuracy of 98.44% using support vector machine classifier for the EEG collected from Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals (RMCH). Further, the highest accuracy of 100% and 94.51% was achieved for the University of Bonn (UBonn) and CHB-MIT databases respectively. The findings of the study showed that Haar and Dmey wavelets were found to be computationally economical and expensive respectively. Besides, in terms of dynamic characteristics, MODWT results revealed that the highest energy present in sub-bands D2, D3, and D4 and entropies in those respective sub-bands outperformed other entropies in terms of classification results for RMCH database. Similarly, using all the entropies, sub-bands D5 and D6 outperformed other sub-bands for UBonn and CHB-MIT databases respectively. In conclusion, the comparison results of MODWT outperformed DWT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivarudhrappa Raghu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience of the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands;Center for Medical Electronics and Computing, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Natarajan Sriraam
- Center for Medical Electronics and Computing, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center
| | | | | | - Pieter L Kubben
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lydon-Staley DM, Kuehner C, Zamoscik V, Huffziger S, Kirsch P, Bassett DS. Repetitive negative thinking in daily life and functional connectivity among default mode, fronto-parietal, and salience networks. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:234. [PMID: 31534117 PMCID: PMC6751201 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a maladaptive response to sadness and a transdiagnostic risk-factor. A critical challenge hampering attempts to promote more adaptive responses to sadness is that the between-person characteristics associated with the tendency for RNT remain uncharacterized. From the perspective of the impaired disengagement hypothesis, we examine between-person differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional networks underlying cognitive conflict signaling, self-referential thought, and cognitive flexibility, and the association between sadness and RNT in daily life. We pair functional magnetic resonance imaging with ambulatory assessments deployed 10 times per day over 4 consecutive days measuring momentary sadness and RNT from 58 participants (40 female, mean age = 36.69 years; 29 remitted from a lifetime episode of Major Depression) in a multilevel model. We show that RNT increases following sadness for participants with higher than average between-network connectivity of the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network. We also show that RNT increases following increases in sadness for participants with lower than average between-network connectivity of the fronto-parietal network and the salience network. We also find that flexibility of the salience network's pattern of connections with brain regions is protective against increases in RNT following sadness. Our findings highlight the importance of functional brain networks implicated in cognitive conflict signaling, self-referential thought, and cognitive flexibility for understanding maladaptive responses to sadness in daily life and provide support for the impaired disengagement hypothesis of RNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Lydon-Staley
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Zamoscik
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Huffziger
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute Psychiatric and Psychosomatics Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvani, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ashourvan A, Telesford QK, Verstynen T, Vettel JM, Bassett DS. Multi-scale detection of hierarchical community architecture in structural and functional brain networks. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215520. [PMID: 31071099 PMCID: PMC6508662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Community detection algorithms have been widely used to study the organization of complex networks like the brain. These techniques provide a partition of brain regions (or nodes) into clusters (or communities), where nodes within a community are densely interconnected with one another. In their simplest application, community detection algorithms are agnostic to the presence of community hierarchies: clusters embedded within clusters of other clusters. To address this limitation, we exercise a multi-scale extension of a common community detection technique, and we apply the tool to synthetic graphs and to graphs derived from human neuroimaging data, including structural and functional imaging data. Our multi-scale community detection algorithm links a graph to copies of itself across neighboring topological scales, thereby becoming sensitive to conserved community organization across levels of the hierarchy. We demonstrate that this method is sensitive to topological inhomogeneities of the graph's hierarchy by providing a local measure of community stability and inter-scale reliability across topological scales. We compare the brain's structural and functional network architectures, and we demonstrate that structural graphs display a more prominent hierarchical community organization than functional graphs. Finally, we build an explicitly multimodal multiplex graph that combines both structural and functional connectivity in a single model, and we identify the topological scales where resting state functional connectivity and underlying structural connectivity show similar versus unique hierarchical community architecture. Together, our results demonstrate the advantages of the multi-scale community detection algorithm in studying hierarchical community structure in brain graphs, and they illustrate its utility in modeling multimodal neuroimaging data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arian Ashourvan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 United States of America
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 United States of America
| | - Qawi K. Telesford
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 United States of America
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 United States of America
| | - Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States of America
| | - Jean M. Vettel
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 United States of America
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 United States of America
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 United States of America
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 United States of America
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States of America
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu M, Linn KA, Shinohara RT, Oathes DJ, Cook PA, Duprat R, Moore TM, Oquendo MA, Phillips ML, McInnis M, Fava M, Trivedi MH, McGrath P, Parsey R, Weissman MM, Sheline YI. Childhood trauma history is linked to abnormal brain connectivity in major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8582-8590. [PMID: 30962366 PMCID: PMC6486762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900801116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) present with heterogeneous symptom profiles, while neurobiological mechanisms are still largely unknown. Brain network studies consistently report disruptions of resting-state networks (RSNs) in patients with MDD, including hypoconnectivity in the frontoparietal network (FPN), hyperconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN), and increased connection between the DMN and FPN. Using a large, multisite fMRI dataset (n = 189 patients with MDD, n = 39 controls), we investigated network connectivity differences within and between RSNs in patients with MDD and healthy controls. We found that MDD could be characterized by a network model with the following abnormalities relative to controls: (i) lower within-network connectivity in three task-positive RSNs [FPN, dorsal attention network (DAN), and cingulo-opercular network (CON)], (ii) higher within-network connectivity in two intrinsic networks [DMN and salience network (SAN)], and (iii) higher within-network connectivity in two sensory networks [sensorimotor network (SMN) and visual network (VIS)]. Furthermore, we found significant alterations in connectivity between a number of these networks. Among patients with MDD, a history of childhood trauma and current symptoms quantified by clinical assessments were associated with a multivariate pattern of seven different within- and between-network connectivities involving the DAN, FPN, CON, subcortical regions, ventral attention network (VAN), auditory network (AUD), VIS, and SMN. Overall, our study showed that traumatic childhood experiences and dimensional symptoms are linked to abnormal network architecture in MDD. Our results suggest that RSN connectivity may explain underlying neurobiological mechanisms of MDD symptoms and has the potential to serve as an effective diagnostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yu
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kristin A Linn
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Desmond J Oathes
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Philip A Cook
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Romain Duprat
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ramin Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yvette I Sheline
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saba V, Premi E, Cristillo V, Gazzina S, Palluzzi F, Zanetti O, Gasparotti R, Padovani A, Borroni B, Grassi M. Brain Connectivity and Information-Flow Breakdown Revealed by a Minimum Spanning Tree-Based Analysis of MRI Data in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:211. [PMID: 30930736 PMCID: PMC6427927 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain functional disruption and cognitive shortfalls as consequences of neurodegeneration are among the most investigated aspects in current clinical research. Traditionally, specific anatomical and behavioral traits have been associated with neurodegeneration, thus directly translatable in clinical terms. However, these qualitative traits, do not account for the extensive information flow breakdown within the functional brain network that deeply affect cognitive skills. Behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioral and executive functions disturbances. Deviations from the physiological cognitive functioning can be accurately inferred and modeled from functional connectivity alterations. Although the need for unbiased metrics is still an open issue in imaging studies, the graph-theory approach applied to neuroimaging techniques is becoming popular in the study of brain dysfunction. In this work, we assessed the global connectivity and topological alterations among brain regions in bvFTD patients using a minimum spanning tree (MST) based analysis of resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data. Whilst several graph theoretical methods require arbitrary criteria (including the choice of network construction thresholds and weight normalization methods), MST is an unambiguous modeling solution, ensuring accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility. MST networks of 116 regions of interest (ROIs) were built on wavelet correlation matrices, extracted from 41 bvFTD patients and 39 healthy controls (HC). We observed a global fragmentation of the functional network backbone with severe disruption of information-flow highways. Frontotemporal areas were less compact, more isolated, and concentrated in less integrated structures, respect to healthy subjects. Our results reflected such complex breakdown of the frontal and temporal areas at both intra-regional and long-range connections. Our findings highlighted that MST, in conjunction with rs-fMRI data, was an effective method for quantifying and detecting functional brain network impairments, leading to characteristic bvFTD cognitive, social, and executive functions disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Saba
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Premi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Cristillo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Gazzina
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lydon-Staley DM, Ciric R, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Evaluation of confound regression strategies for the mitigation of micromovement artifact in studies of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity and multilayer network modularity. Netw Neurosci 2019; 3:427-454. [PMID: 30793090 PMCID: PMC6370491 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic functional connectivity reflects the spatiotemporal organization of spontaneous brain activity in health and disease. Dynamic functional connectivity may be susceptible to artifacts induced by participant motion. This report provides a systematic evaluation of 12 commonly used participant-level confound regression strategies designed to mitigate the effects of micromovements in a sample of 393 youths (ages 8-22 years). Each strategy was evaluated according to a number of benchmarks, including (a) the residual association between participant motion and edge dispersion, (b) distance-dependent effects of motion on edge dispersion, (c) the degree to which functional subnetworks could be identified by multilayer modularity maximization, and (d) measures of module reconfiguration, including node flexibility and node promiscuity. Results indicate variability in the effectiveness of the evaluated pipelines across benchmarks. Methods that included global signal regression were the most consistently effective de-noising strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Khambhati AN, Sizemore AE, Betzel RF, Bassett DS. Modeling and interpreting mesoscale network dynamics. Neuroimage 2018; 180:337-349. [PMID: 28645844 PMCID: PMC5738302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in brain imaging techniques, measurement approaches, and storage capacities have provided an unprecedented supply of high temporal resolution neural data. These data present a remarkable opportunity to gain a mechanistic understanding not just of circuit structure, but also of circuit dynamics, and its role in cognition and disease. Such understanding necessitates a description of the raw observations, and a delineation of computational models and mathematical theories that accurately capture fundamental principles behind the observations. Here we review recent advances in a range of modeling approaches that embrace the temporally-evolving interconnected structure of the brain and summarize that structure in a dynamic graph. We describe recent efforts to model dynamic patterns of connectivity, dynamic patterns of activity, and patterns of activity atop connectivity. In the context of these models, we review important considerations in statistical testing, including parametric and non-parametric approaches. Finally, we offer thoughts on careful and accurate interpretation of dynamic graph architecture, and outline important future directions for method development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit N Khambhati
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeautics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ann E Sizemore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeautics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dragomir A, Vrahatis AG, Bezerianos A. A Network-Based Perspective in Alzheimer's Disease: Current State and an Integrative Framework. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 23:14-25. [PMID: 30080151 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2018.2863202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A major rise in the prevalence and impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected in the coming decades, resulting from increasing life expectancy, thus leading to substantially increased healthcare costs. While brain disfunctions at the time of diagnosis are irreversible, it is widely accepted that AD pathology develops decades before clinical symptoms onset. If incipient processes can be detected early in the disease progression, prospective intervention for preventing or slowing the disease can be designed. Currently, there is no noninvasive biomarker available to detect and monitor early stages of disease progression. The complex etiology of AD warrants a systems-based approach supporting the integration of multimodal and multilevel data, while network-based modeling provides the scaffolding for methods revealing complex systems-level disruptions initiated by the disease. In this work, we review current state-of-the-art, focusing on network-based biomarkers at molecular and brain functional connectivity levels. Particular emphasis is placed on outlining recent trends, which highlight the functional importance of modular substructures in molecular and connectivity networks and their potential biomarker value. Our perspective is rooted in network medicine and summarizes the pipelines for identifying network-based biomarkers, as well as the benefits of integrating genotype and brain phenotype information for a comprehensively noninvasive approach in the early diagnosis of AD. Finally, we propose a framework for integrating knowledge from molecular and brain connectivity levels, which has the potential to enable noninvasive diagnosis, provide support for monitoring therapies, and help understand heretofore unexamined deep level relations between genotype and brain phenotype.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu M, Linn KA, Cook PA, Phillips ML, McInnis M, Fava M, Trivedi MH, Weissman MM, Shinohara RT, Sheline YI. Statistical harmonization corrects site effects in functional connectivity measurements from multi-site fMRI data. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4213-4227. [PMID: 29962049 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets at multiple MRI scanners and clinical sites can improve statistical power and generalizability of results. However, multi-site neuroimaging studies have reported considerable nonbiological variability in fMRI measurements due to different scanner manufacturers and acquisition protocols. These undesirable sources of variability may limit power to detect effects of interest and may even result in erroneous findings. Until now, there has not been an approach that removes unwanted site effects. In this study, using a relatively large multi-site (4 sites) fMRI dataset, we investigated the impact of site effects on functional connectivity and network measures estimated by widely used connectivity metrics and brain parcellations. The protocols and image acquisition of the dataset used in this study had been homogenized using identical MRI phantom acquisitions from each of the neuroimaging sites; however, intersite acquisition effects were not completely eliminated. Indeed, in this study, we found that the magnitude of site effects depended on the choice of connectivity metric and brain atlas. Therefore, to further remove site effects, we applied ComBat, a harmonization technique previously shown to eliminate site effects in multi-site diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cortical thickness studies. In the current work, ComBat successfully removed site effects identified in connectivity and network measures and increased the power to detect age associations when using optimal combinations of connectivity metrics and brain atlases. Our proposed ComBat harmonization approach for fMRI-derived connectivity measures facilitates reliable and efficient analysis of retrospective and prospective multi-site fMRI neuroimaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Yu
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristin A Linn
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip A Cook
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York.,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yvette I Sheline
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Frangou S. Emergence of metastable dynamics in functional brain organization via spontaneous fMRI signal and whole-brain computational modeling. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:4471-4474. [PMID: 29060890 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the resting-state brain organization. This study investigated how metastability, defined as the standard deviation of synchrony described by the Kuramoto order parameter, arises from the structural connectome and relates to empirical measures of metastability in resting-state brain networks. We tested whether spontaneous fMRI brain activity in the functional organization of the human brain operates in a metastable state. We compared between empirical metastability defined in four major resting-state brain networks - auditory network, default mode network, left and right executive control networks - and simulated metastability derived from the Kuramoto model constrained by the empirical anatomical connectivity. Our results show that maximal metastability within resting-state brain networks arises from the model with different coupling strengths. Empirical metastability corresponds to a dynamical region where the simulated metastability is maximized. The emergence of metastable dynamics observed in empirical resting-state functional networks around the region of maximal metastability suggests that such a dynamical regime in the brain may drive the resting state of the brain. Our study may provide a mechanistic explanation of the origin of functional organization of the brain, and may help our understanding of the mechanistic causes of disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Taya F, Dimitriadis SI, Dragomir A, Lim J, Sun Y, Wong KF, Thakor NV, Bezerianos A. Fronto-Parietal Subnetworks Flexibility Compensates For Cognitive Decline Due To Mental Fatigue. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3528-3545. [PMID: 29691949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fronto-parietal subnetworks were revealed to compensate for cognitive decline due to mental fatigue by community structure analysis. Here, we investigate changes in topology of subnetworks of resting-state fMRI networks due to mental fatigue induced by prolonged performance of a cognitively demanding task, and their associations with cognitive decline. As it is well established that brain networks have modular organization, community structure analyses can provide valuable information about mesoscale network organization and serve as a bridge between standard fMRI approaches and brain connectomics that quantify the topology of whole brain networks. We developed inter- and intramodule network metrics to quantify topological characteristics of subnetworks, based on our hypothesis that mental fatigue would impact on functional relationships of subnetworks. Functional networks were constructed with wavelet correlation and a data-driven thresholding scheme based on orthogonal minimum spanning trees, which allowed detection of communities with weak connections. A change from pre- to posttask runs was found for the intermodule density between the frontal and the temporal subnetworks. Seven inter- or intramodule network metrics, mostly at the frontal or the parietal subnetworks, showed significant predictive power of individual cognitive decline, while the network metrics for the whole network were less effective in the predictions. Our results suggest that the control-type fronto-parietal networks have a flexible topological architecture to compensate for declining cognitive ability due to mental fatigue. This community structure analysis provides valuable insight into connectivity dynamics under different cognitive states including mental fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Taya
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroinformatics Group, (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Lim
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu Sun
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Foong Wong
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gerraty RT, Davidow JY, Foerde K, Galvan A, Bassett DS, Shohamy D. Dynamic Flexibility in Striatal-Cortical Circuits Supports Reinforcement Learning. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2442-2453. [PMID: 29431652 PMCID: PMC5858591 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2084-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex learned behaviors must involve the integrated action of distributed brain circuits. Although the contributions of individual regions to learning have been extensively investigated, much less is known about how distributed brain networks orchestrate their activity over the course of learning. To address this gap, we used fMRI combined with tools from dynamic network neuroscience to obtain time-resolved descriptions of network coordination during reinforcement learning in humans. We found that learning to associate visual cues with reward involves dynamic changes in network coupling between the striatum and distributed brain regions, including visual, orbitofrontal, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (n = 22; 13 females). Moreover, we found that this flexibility in striatal network coupling correlates with participants' learning rate and inverse temperature, two parameters derived from reinforcement learning models. Finally, we found that episodic learning, measured separately in the same participants at the same time, was related to dynamic connectivity in distinct brain networks. These results suggest that dynamic changes in striatal-centered networks provide a mechanism for information integration during reinforcement learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning from the outcomes of actions, referred to as reinforcement learning, is an essential part of life. The roles of individual brain regions in reinforcement learning have been well characterized in terms of updating values for actions or cues. Missing from this account, however, is an understanding of how different brain areas interact during learning to integrate sensory and value information. Here we characterize flexible striatal-cortical network dynamics that relate to reinforcement learning behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael T Gerraty
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027,
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Karin Foerde
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027,
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ide JS, Li CSR. Time scale properties of task and resting-state functional connectivity: Detrended partial cross-correlation analysis. Neuroimage 2018; 173:240-248. [PMID: 29454934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity analysis is an essential tool for understanding brain function. Previous studies showed that brain regions are functionally connected through low-frequency signals both within the default mode network (DMN) and task networks. However, no studies have directly compared the time scale (frequency) properties of network connectivity during task versus rest, or examined how they relate to task performance. Here, using fMRI data collected from sixty-eight subjects at rest and during a stop signal task, we addressed this issue with a novel functional connectivity measure based on detrended partial cross-correlation analysis (DPCCA). DPCCA has the advantage of quantifying correlations between two variables in different time scales while controlling for the influence of other variables. The results showed that the time scales of within-network connectivity of the DMN and task networks are modulated in opposite directions across rest and task, with the time scale increased during rest vs. task in the DMN and vice versa in task networks. In regions of interest analysis, the within-network connectivity time scale of the pre-supplementary motor area - a medial prefrontal cortical structure of the task network and critical to proactive inhibitory control - correlated inversely with Barratt impulsivity and stop signal reaction time. Together, these findings demonstrate that time scale properties of brain networks may vary across mental states and provide evidence in support of a role of low frequency fluctuations of BOLD signals in behavioral control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Reddy PG, Mattar MG, Murphy AC, Wymbs NF, Grafton ST, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Brain state flexibility accompanies motor-skill acquisition. Neuroimage 2018; 171:135-147. [PMID: 29309897 PMCID: PMC5857429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning requires the traversal of inherently distinct cognitive states to produce behavioral adaptation. Yet, tools to explicitly measure these states with non-invasive imaging – and to assess their dynamics during learning – remain limited. Here, we describe an approach based on a distinct application of graph theory in which points in time are represented by network nodes, and similarities in brain states between two different time points are represented as network edges. We use a graph-based clustering technique to identify clusters of time points representing canonical brain states, and to assess the manner in which the brain moves from one state to another as learning progresses. We observe the presence of two primary states characterized by either high activation in sensorimotor cortex or high activation in a frontal-subcortical system. Flexible switching among these primary states and other less common states becomes more frequent as learning progresses, and is inversely correlated with individual differences in learning rate. These results are consistent with the notion that the development of automaticity is associated with a greater freedom to use cognitive resources for other processes. Taken together, our work offers new insights into the constrained, low dimensional nature of brain dynamics characteristic of early learning, which give way to less constrained, high-dimensional dynamics in later learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav G Reddy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo G Mattar
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew C Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas F Wymbs
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Scott T Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|