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Knoppers T, Haley CE, Bouhouita-Guermech S, Hagan J, Bradbury-Jost J, Alarie S, Cosquer M, Zawati MH. From code to care: Clinician and researcher perspectives on an optimal therapeutic web portal for acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302156. [PMID: 38635542 PMCID: PMC11025855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow, is the most common and fatal type of adult leukemia. Therapeutic web portals have great potential to facilitate AML research advances and improve health outcomes by increasing the availability of data, the speed and reach of new knowledge, and the communication between researchers and clinicians in the field. However, there is a need for stakeholder research regarding their optimal features, utility, and implementation. METHODS To better understand stakeholder perspectives regarding an ideal pan-Canadian web portal for AML research, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 clinicians, researchers, and clinician-researchers. Interview guides were inspired by De Laat's "fictive scripting", a method where experts are presented with scenarios about a future technology and asked questions about its implementation. Content analysis relied on an iterative process using themes extracted from both existing scientific literature and the data. RESULTS Participants described potential benefits of an AML therapeutic portal including facilitating data-sharing, communication, and collaboration, and enhancing clinical trial matchmaking for patients, potentially based on their specific genomic profiles. There was enthusiasm about researcher, clinician, and clinician-researcher access, but some disagreement about the nature of potential patient access to the portal. Interviewees also discussed two key elements they believed to be vital to the uptake and thus success of a therapeutic AML web portal: credibility and user friendliness. Finally, sustainability, security and privacy concerns were also documented. CONCLUSIONS This research adds to existing calls for digital platforms for researchers and clinicians to supplement extant modes of communication to streamline research and its dissemination, advance precision medicine, and ultimately improve patient prognosis and care. Findings are applicable to therapeutic web portals more generally, particularly in genomic and translational medicine, and will be of interest to portal end-users, developers, researchers, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra E. Haley
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Julie Hagan
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Alarie
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Cosquer
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ma’n H. Zawati
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Allen L, Allen L, Carr SB, Davies G, Downey D, Egan M, Forton JT, Gray R, Haworth C, Horsley A, Smyth AR, Southern KW, Davies JC. Future therapies for cystic fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:693. [PMID: 36755044 PMCID: PMC9907205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We are currently witnessing transformative change for people with cystic fibrosis with the introduction of small molecule, mutation-specific drugs capable of restoring function of the defective protein, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). However, despite being a single gene disorder, there are multiple cystic fibrosis-causing genetic variants; mutation-specific drugs are not suitable for all genetic variants and also do not correct all the multisystem clinical manifestations of the disease. For many, there will remain a need for improved treatments. Those patients with gene variants responsive to CFTR modulators may have found these therapies to be transformational; research is now focusing on safely reducing the burden of symptom-directed treatment. However, modulators are not available in all parts of the globe, an issue which is further widening existing health inequalities. For patients who are not suitable for- or do not have access to- modulator drugs, alternative approaches are progressing through the trials pipeline. There will be challenges encountered in design and implementation of these trials, for which the established global CF infrastructure is a major advantage. Here, the Cystic Fibrosis National Research Strategy Group of the UK NIHR Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration looks to the future of cystic fibrosis therapies and consider priorities for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siobhan B Carr
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Trust, London, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gwyneth Davies
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Damian Downey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Julian T Forton
- Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles Haworth
- Royal Papworth Hospital and Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Adult CF Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan R Smyth
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Trust, London, UK.
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Issa TZ, Lambrechts MJ, Canseco JA, Hilibrand AS, Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD. Reporting demographics in randomized control trials in spine surgery - we must do better. Spine J 2022; 23:642-650. [PMID: 36400397 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Demographic factors contribute significantly to spine surgery outcomes. Although race and ethnicity are not proxies for disease states, the intersection between these patient characteristics and socioeconomic status significantly impact patient outcomes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of demographic reporting and analysis in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) published in the three highest impact spine journals. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. PATIENT SAMPLE We analyzed 278 randomized control trials published in The Spine Journal, Spine, and Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine between January 2012 - January 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES Extracted manuscript characteristics included the frequency of demographic reporting, sample size, and demographic composition of studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of RCTs published between January 2012 - January 2022 in the three highest impact factor spine journals in 2021: The Spine Journal, Spine, and Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. We determined if age, gender, BMI, race, and ethnicity were reported and analyzed for each study. The overall frequency of demographic reporting was assessed, and the reporting trends were analyzed for each individual year and journal. Among studies that did report demographics, the populations were analyzed in comparison to the national population per United States (US) census reports. Studies were evaluated for bias using Cochrane risk-of-bias. RESULTS Our search identified 278 RCTs for inclusion. 166 were published in Spine, 65 in The Spine Journal, and 47 in Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. Only 9.35% (N=26) and 3.9% (N=11) of studies reported race and ethnicity, respectively. Demographic reporting frequency did not vary based on the publishing journal. Reporting of age and BMI increased over time, but reporting of race and ethnicity did not. Among RCTs that reported race, 88% were conducted in the US, and 85.71% of the patients in these US studies were White. White subjects were overly represented compared to the US population (85.71% vs. 61.63%, p<.001), and non-White or Black patients were most underrepresented (2.89 vs. 25.96%, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS RCTs published in the three highest impact factor spine journals failed to frequently report patient race or ethnicity. Among studies published in the US, study populations are increasingly represented by non-Hispanic White patients. As we strive to care for an increasingly diverse population and reduce disparities to care, spine surgeons must do a better job reporting these variables to increase the external validity and generalizability of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ziad Issa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
| | - Mark J Lambrechts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA.
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
| | - Gregory D Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, MO19107, USA
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Kimberly JA, Fede J, Kogut S, Stranieri G, Hayward AR, Stevenson JF, Padbury J. Evaluating systemic changes to support clinical and translational health research. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2022; 94:102145. [PMID: 35973392 PMCID: PMC9464698 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In evaluation research, "programs" are often conceptualized as clearly bounded, narrow in scope, focused on specific outcomes, using a well-defined linear causal model, and hence, suitable for standard evaluation methods. The evaluation work reported here was carried out in a more challenging context, where large, complex, interwoven systems were targets for change as a means to influence a diffuse array of outcomes. Our evaluation of an NIH-funded program to improve statewide infrastructure for clinical and translational health research ("Advance-CTR") used qualitative data provided by investigators who used the program's services, were funded awardees, or were members of an internal advisory committee (leadership representatives from partnering institutions). We examined perceived barriers to systemic changes to enhance research, as well as how systems have changed due to the Rhode Island Advance-CTR program's efforts, to what degree, and with what effects. Using the causal logic of our program to connect these more distal systemic outcomes to the services and components of Advance-CTR, we discuss the effects this program has had on researchers and their environments, contributing to the development of sustainable programs of research that ultimately improve the health and well-being of our state's residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Kimberly
- Brown University, 91 Waterman St., Level 1, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn Fede
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Stephen Kogut
- University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, 7 Greenhouse Rd., Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | | | - Anthony R Hayward
- Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - John F Stevenson
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Psychology, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - James Padbury
- Advance-CTR, 233 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02912, USA; University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143.
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Jimenez J, Gamble-George J, Danies G, Hamm RL, Porras AM. Public Engagement with Biotechnology Inside and Outside the Classroom: Community-Focused Approaches. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 1:346-354. [PMID: 36032190 PMCID: PMC9407021 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology offers vast benefits to the environment, animals, and human health, and contributes to improving socioeconomic conditions for the public. However, biotechnology innovations continue to trigger public concern and opposition over their potential social, health, and ecological risks. There is an opportunity to increase knowledge and acceptance of biotechnology through engagement, education, and community participation. In this perspective, we highlight crucial factors that shape the public perception of biotechnology and present opportunities for scientists to effectively communicate their ideas while engaging with local and global communities. Initiatives that seek to involve communities in design, development, and adoption processes are crucial for the successful implementation of biotechnology-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joyonna Gamble-George
- Behavioral Science Training in Drug Abuse Research, New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giovanna Danies
- Design Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Maria Porras
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Rotsides JM, Moses LE, Malloy KM, Brenner C, Fayson SM, Brown DJ, Spector ME. Disparities in access to translational research. Curr Probl Cancer 2022; 46:100894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lawarée J, Bowen JM, Dogba J, Rac VE, Ouimet M. Inter-individual relationships within a Canadian SPOR research network: a social network study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:955. [PMID: 35897005 PMCID: PMC9326433 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts have been made by health research granting agencies to bring research closer to patients’ concerns. In Canada, such efforts were formalized in 2011 with the funding of the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR)’s research networks to address research priorities identified by patients and accelerate the translation of research findings into patient care and health care policy. Among these networks, SPOR Diabetes Action Canada (DAC) has created patient-partner circles to facilitate their integration within the network. The nature of the relationships within this atypical patient-oriented research network is systematically explored in this paper. Methods A cross-sectional social network study was conducted among the SPOR DAC’s network members to examine inter-individual interactions, and the topics discussed the most between members. Descriptive data analyses were conducted to explore which discussion topics were discussed most among members whose primary roles were research, administration, governance, and patient representation. Results The response rate was 51.9%, providing data on 76.5% of the maximum number of connections in the network. The survey captured 2763 inter-individual relationships. Responses to a sub-question inserted in the survey show that 482 of these relationships (17,4%) existed before joining the network in collaboration on a research project. Most ties captured in the survey were yearly or quarterly, while few relationships were monthly, weekly, or daily. In measured relationships, members discussed several topics, the most frequent being scientific research, patient engagement, network coordination and governance, and operations and management. The topics associated with the most significant proportion of relationships captured in the survey were scientific research (45.4%) and patient engagement (40.7%). Management & operations and governance & coordination follow, corresponding to 24.3 and 23.9% of the captured relationships. All discussion topic subnetworks were either somewhat or highly centralized, meaning that relationships were not equally distributed among members involved in these discussions. Of the 1256 relationships involving exchanges about scientific research, 647 (51.5%) involved a researcher, 419 (33.3%) an administrator, 182 (14.5%) a patient partner, and 82 (6.5%) a member whose primary role is network governance. Conclusions Scientific research and patient engagement were the most common topics discussed, consistent with the patient-centered research at the heart of the SPOR Diabetes Action Canada network. The study identified several relationships where a patient partner has discussed scientific research with a researcher. However, relationships involving research discussions were three times more common between a researcher and an administrator than between a researcher and a patient partner, although twice as many patient partners as administrators participated in the survey. The institutionalization of patient-partner involvement in large research networks is an evolving practice for which optimal engagement methods are still being explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08343-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lawarée
- École nationale d'administration publique, Quebec, Canada
| | - James M Bowen
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Canada.,Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joyce Dogba
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valeria E Rac
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Canada.,Program for Health System and Technology Evaluation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ouimet
- Diabetes Action Canada, Toronto, Canada. .,Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
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Roohi G, Jahani MA, Farhadi Z, Mahmoudi G. A knowledge implementation model in health system management based on the PARIHS model. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:66. [PMID: 35710382 PMCID: PMC9205052 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gap between knowledge and practice, along with postponing or not implementing research findings in practice and policy-making, is one of the reasons for low-quality services. Hence, this study aimed at presenting a model of knowledge implementation in health system management in Iran. METHODS The present two-phase study was first performed qualitatively using a directive content analysis approach based on the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model. The researchers extracted the barriers and facilitators by conducting semi-structured individual interviews. Then, in a three-stage Delphi study, 25 health experts determined the barrier removal strategies. Data were analysed using MAXQDA10 software. RESULTS The content analysis of the interviews led to the emergence of 1212 codes under three categories of evidence, context and facilitation. The findings indicate that health managers make fewer decisions based on research findings. Instead, they make decisions regarding the experiences of service providers and organization data. In addition to the subcategories in the PARIHS model, the researchers extracted political, social and administrative factors under the context category. The relationships between the features of evidence, context, facilitation, barriers and strategies were presented in the final model. CONCLUSION The presented model comprehensively emphasizes the evidence resources, context preparation, and facilitation of the knowledge implementation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanbar Roohi
- Healthcare Services Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Jahani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zeynab Farhadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ghahraman Mahmoudi
- Hospital Administration Research Center, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
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Wuytens N, Schepers J, Vandekerkhof P, Voordeckers W. Entrepreneurs Can Know More Than They Can Tell: Conceptualizing and Measuring Tacit Entrepreneurial Knowledge. Front Psychol 2022; 13:892223. [PMID: 35747676 PMCID: PMC9211756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.892223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organizational knowledge components dominate research on tacit knowledge. In order to overcome this dominance, we introduce Tacit Entrepreneurial Knowledge (TEK). TEK is conceptualized as one's experiential learning from past experiences and insights that result in tacit knowledge regarding entrepreneurship that is implicit, personal, and uncodified. For this study the situational judgment test (SJT) approach is adopted to overcome the common limitations in quantifying an individual's tacit knowledge. The SJT is a scenario-based measurement instrument that allows us to quantify an individual's TEK. The SJT is developed using three steps: first, scenarios were collected through interviews, followed by formulating responses to the scenarios, and finally, the effectiveness of the responses for each scenario was evaluated. The outcome of this research article is threefold; first, a comprehensive conceptualization of TEK, including delineation of its nomological network. Second, the development of a measurement instrument for TEK and subsequent scoring method. Finally, an antecedent-consequence model which includes potential contingencies associated with these relationships. In the debate on tacit knowledge, our measurement is innovative and relevant, as previous research failed to uncover an individual's tacit knowledge in the context of entrepreneurship, despite its importance in various entrepreneurial processes. This study aspires to ignite research into TEK by demonstrating important research opportunities unlocked by our conceptualization and subsequent measurement, offering future researchers a wide range of avenues to uncover the black box of tacit knowledge in entrepreneurship.
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Ravyn D, Goodwin B, Lowney R, Chapman A. Translating Clinical Research to Clinical Care in Nephrology: A Qualitative Study of Nephrology Clinicians. Kidney Med 2022; 4:100459. [PMID: 35518834 PMCID: PMC9065881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Study Design Setting & Participants Analytical Approach Results Limitations Conclusions
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11
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Sigston EAW. How 3D Printing Is Reshaping Translational Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:640611. [PMID: 34957060 PMCID: PMC8703123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.640611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Translational Research" has traditionally been defined as taking basic scientific findings and developing new diagnostic tools, drugs, devices and treatment options for patients, that are translated into practice, reach the people and populations for whom they are intended and are implemented correctly. The implication is of a unidirectional flow from "the bench to bedside". The rapidly emergent field of additive manufacturing (3D printing) is contributing to a major shift in translational medical research. This includes the concept of bidirectional or reverse translation, early collaboration between clinicians, bio-engineers and basic scientists, and an increasingly entrepreneurial mindset. This coincides with, and is strongly complemented by, the rise of systems biology. The rapid pace at which this type of translational research can occur brings a variety of potential pitfalls and ethical concerns. Regulation surrounding implantable medical devices is struggling to keep up. 3D printing has opened the way for personalization which can make clinical outcomes hard to assess and risks putting the individual before the community. In some instances, novelty and hype has led to loss of transparency of outcomes with dire consequence. Collaboration with commercial partners has potential for conflict of interest. Nevertheless, 3D printing has dramatically changed the landscape of translational research. With early recognition and management of the potential risks, the benefits of reshaping the approach to translational research are enormous. This impact will extend into many other areas of biomedical research, re-establishing that science is more than a body of research. It is a way of thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Sigston
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Wool C, Parravicini E. Implementation of Quality Indicators of Perinatal/Neonatal Palliative Care One-Year Following Formal Training. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:752971. [PMID: 34926343 PMCID: PMC8672437 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.752971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to measure implementation of quality indicators (QIs) of Perinatal/Neonatal Palliative Care (PNPC) as reported by participants following a one-year training course. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey mixed-method design was used to obtain data from an interdisciplinary team of professionals one year after attending a PNPC training course. A questionnaire with 32 QIs queried participants about self-reported implementation of PNPC and that of their colleagues. Descriptive and frequency data were analyzed to measure the implementation of PNPC QIs. Qualitative data were examined using content analysis. Results: Response rate was 34 of 76 (44.7%). Half of the QIs are implemented in clinical settings by course attendees more than 90% of the time, and 15 QIs are implemented between 70 and 89.9%. Colleagues within the same healthcare system applied palliative care practices less frequently than those who attended the training course. When asked if quality indicators were "always" implemented by colleagues, the average difference in scores was 36% lower. Qualitative analyses resulted in three themes that addressed changes in clinical practice, and four themes that summarized barriers in practice. Conclusion: There is high frequency of implementation of QIs by professionals who attended an evidence based PNPC training course. PNPC is implemented by the colleagues of attendees, but with less frequency. Attending evidence-based education increases clinicians' opportunities to translate quality PNPC care into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wool
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Professions, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA, United States
| | - Elvira Parravicini
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Senecal JB, Metcalfe K, Wilson K, Woldie I, Porter LA. Barriers to translational research in Windsor Ontario: a survey of clinical care providers and health researchers. J Transl Med 2021; 19:479. [PMID: 34838053 PMCID: PMC8626997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translational research is an ideology focussed on streamlining the transition of novel research into clinical practice to ultimately benefit populations. Central to this approach is overcoming barriers to research involvement and interdisciplinary collaboration. Identifying barriers has been the subject of several studies focused on communities with large academic hospitals. The Windsor-Essex region is currently built around community hospitals which have less of an emphasis on research, employ fewer physicians holding academic appointments and generally do not provide incentivised time for research and training. In this study, we surveyed clinicians and researchers working in Windsor-Essex to gain insight into barriers to translational research important to those working in smaller sized, community-based research networks. Methods Using an anonymous close-ended Qualtrics survey distributed via email, we surveyed faculty members from The University of Windsor and clinical care providers from Windsor-Essex (n = 68). This included 24 physicians, 14 allied health professionals, and 30 non-clinician researchers. Results Managing competing interests, lack of time, funding, infrastructure, and networks were identified by greater than 75% of participants as barriers to research involvement. 62% of physicians identified the lack of permanent post-graduate medical trainees as a barrier. Clinicians were consistently less experienced in research skills compared to others; particularly in publishing results and applying for funding (p < 0.001). Schedule incompatibility, funding issues and identifying interested collaborators with overlapping interests were identified as barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration by 80% of participants. Moreover, 46% of those surveyed were unhappy with their research involvement and these individuals were 13% more likely to perceive research as important for their career progression (p = 0.244). Conclusions This study identifies several important barriers to translational research in Windsor-Essex and suggests that many motivated researchers are unhappy with their current involvement. These results will inform decision making in the research community of Windsor-Essex and provides insight for communities of similar size and research capacity. Ultimately, enabling the translation of clinical research in all communities is required to ensure equitable access to cutting edge care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03097-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Metcalfe
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | - Indryas Woldie
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada. .,WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, Canada. .,Cancer Program, Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | - Lisa A Porter
- WE-SPARK Health Institute, Windsor, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
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Williams M. Improving Translational Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Development. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e273. [PMID: 34780124 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved knowledge regarding disease causality, new drug targets, and enabling technologies, the attrition rate for compounds entering clinical trials has remained consistently high for several decades, with an average 90% failure rate. These failures are manifested in an inability to reproduce efficacy findings from animal models in humans and/or the occurrence of unexpected safety issues, and reflect failures in T1 translation. Similarly, an inability to sequentially demonstrate compound efficacy and safety in Phase IIa, IIb, and III clinical trials represents failures in T2 translation. Accordingly, T1 and T2 translation are colloquially termed 'valleys of death'. Since T2 translation dealt almost exclusively with clinical trials, T3 and T4 translational steps were added, with the former focused on facilitating interactions between laboratory- and population-based research and the latter on 'real world' health outcomes. Factors that potentially lead to T1/T2 compound attrition include: the absence of biomarkers to allow compound effects to be consistently tracked through development; a lack of integration/'de-siloing' of the diverse discipline-based and technical skill sets involved in drug discovery; the industrialization of drug discovery, which via volume-based goals often results in quantity being prioritized over quality; inadequate project governance and strategic oversight; and flawed decision making based on unreliable/irreproducible or incomplete data. A variety of initiatives have addressed this problem, including the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), which has focused on bringing an unbiased academic perspective to translation, to potentially revitalize the process. This commentary provides an overview of the basic concepts involved in translation, along with suggested changes in the conduct of biomedical research to avoid valleys of death, including the use of Translational Scoring as a tool to avoid translational attrition and the impact of the FDA Accelerated Approval Pathway in lowering the hurdle for drug approval. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Bidkhori HR, Bahrami AR, Mehrzad S, Bakhshi H, Miri R, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Shabani B, Hasanzadeh H, Danaee M, Shamsian SA, Akhavan-Rezayat A, Mohebbi P, Rohani F, M Matin M. Communication barriers between basic scientists and clinicians in regenerative medicine: A qualitative study from Iran. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:799-808. [PMID: 32876983 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Cell-based therapeutics are among the latest advances in health care technologies. The rapid evolution of stem cell science in Iran has necessitated the application of scientific achievements in clinical settings. However, various issues hindered their translation, in particular, impediments in the interactions of basic stem cell scientists and clinicians. We highlighted the impediments in the interactions of stem cell scientists and physicians involved in the opinion of professionals from both groups. METHOD This qualitative research was conducted with thematic analysis, performed by purposive sampling. Thirty-two distinguished stem cell scientists and clinicians were interviewed to identify their perspectives on this matter. MAXQDA 2018 was used to classify the axial codes based on factors related to communications inefficiencies. The analysis of coded data recognized 18 subthemes and six major themes. RESULTS Central themes include different registers of the two parties, counterproductive clusters hampered networking, external communication barriers, the competition to access resources, leadership conflicts, and the dissatisfaction of stakeholders with their share. CONCLUSIONS Most of the impediments were seemingly global, for example, the incoherent medical and basic science educational systems, the vulnerable career path of physician-scientists, and an increasing tendency towards overspecialization. However, some local specific issues were also described, for example, limited funding opportunities and the negative impacts of the division of medical education from the ministry of science, research, and technology in Iran. Proposed interventions include the reinforcement of physician-scientist programs, designing a distributed leadership model, and bringing back the scientific integrity to higher education in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shadi Mehrzad
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Bakhshi
- Social Sciences Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahele Miri
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bardia Shabani
- History of economic thought department, Paul Valéry - Montpellier III University, Route de Mende, Montpellier, France
| | - Halimeh Hasanzadeh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Danaee
- Social Sciences Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.,Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Blood-Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Akhavan-Rezayat
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohebbi
- Anesthesiology Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Rohani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Li M, Lian B, Xu X, Zhao P, Tang B, Hu C, Liu X, Yu W, Zhang L. Collaborative relationships in translational medical research among Chinese clinicians: an internet-based cross-sectional survey. J Transl Med 2021; 19:247. [PMID: 34090449 PMCID: PMC8180016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the collaborative relationship in translational medical research from the perspective of clinicians in China. The findings are expected to help practitioners optimize and experience the greatest advantages of collaboration. METHODS We conducted a national internet-based survey from July 29 to October 12, 2020. Of the 806 responses, 804 were completed with valid responses (valid response rate = 99.8%). The collected data were presented as descriptive statistics and analyzed using nonparametric tests (including the Wilcoxon rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test) and stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 804 participants, 733 were either willing or very willing to collaborate in translational medical research. Clinicians' willingness was influenced by their current research type, role in current translational medical research, burdens of their present research, preferred partners for collaboration at the institutional or individual level, and preferences for independent or dependent relationships. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should evaluate their time, role, burdens, personal preferences for research relationships, and appropriate partners based on their current translational medical research and its goals, before deciding to collaborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Li
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Lian
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science &, Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | | | - Pan Zhao
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bihan Tang
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 903Rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenya Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Duong V, Bennell KL, Clifton-Bligh R, Deveza LA, Elliott JM, Guilak F, Hall M, Henderson LA, Hodges P, Johnstone B, Linklater J, Little CB, Lohmander LS, Maclachlan L, Mudge A, O’Leary S, Ravi V, Sterling M, Vicenzino B, Yu SP, Zaki S, Hunter DJ. Exploring translational gaps between basic scientists, clinical researchers, clinicians, and consumers: Proceedings and recommendations arising from the 2020 mine the gap online workshop. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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18
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Scaccia JP, Scott VC. 5335 days of Implementation Science: using natural language processing to examine publication trends and topics. Implement Sci 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 33902657 PMCID: PMC8077727 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Moving evidence-based practices into the hands of practitioners requires the synthesis and translation of research literature. However, the growing pace of scientific publications across disciplines makes it increasingly difficult to stay abreast of research literature. Natural language processing (NLP) methods are emerging as a valuable strategy for conducting content analyses of academic literature. We sought to apply NLP to identify publication trends in the journal Implementation Science, including key topic clusters and the distribution of topics over time. A parallel study objective was to demonstrate how NLP can be used in research synthesis. METHODS We examined 1711 Implementation Science abstracts published from February 22, 2006, to October 1, 2020. We retrieved the study data using PubMed's Application Programming Interface (API) to assemble a database. Following standard preprocessing steps, we use topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to cluster the abstracts following a minimization algorithm. RESULTS We examined 30 topics and computed topic model statistics of quality. Analyses revealed that published articles largely reflect (i) characteristics of research, or (ii) domains of practice. Emergent topic clusters encompassed key terms both salient and common to implementation science. HIV and stroke represent the most commonly published clinical areas. Systematic reviews have grown in topic prominence and coherence, whereas articles pertaining to knowledge translation (KT) have dropped in prominence since 2013. Articles on HIV and implementation effectiveness have increased in topic exclusivity over time. DISCUSSION We demonstrated how NLP can be used as a synthesis and translation method to identify trends and topics across a large number of (over 1700) articles. With applicability to a variety of research domains, NLP is a promising approach to accelerate the dissemination and uptake of research literature. For future research in implementation science, we encourage the inclusion of more equity-focused studies to expand the impact of implementation science on disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria C Scott
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
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19
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Expected Scopes of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM): Report on the Expert Workshop at the Annual Conference for the Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094447. [PMID: 33922145 PMCID: PMC8122730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners established the WHO Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Research Network (HEALTH EDRM RN) in 2016 to respond to the increasing burden of recent health emergencies and disasters. The mission of the HEALTH EDRM RN, whose secretariat is located at the WHO Kobe Centre (WKC), is to promote global research collaboration and strengthen research activities to inform policies and programs by generating new evidence to manage health risks associated with all types of emergencies and disasters. With the strong support and involvement of all WHO regional offices, the HEALTH EDRM RN now works with more than 200 global experts and partners to pursue its mission. The first Core Group Meetings of the HEALTH EDRM RN were held on 17-18 October 2019, and concluded with the HEALTH EDRM RN-activity priorities to (1) promote operational research to better meet the needs of emergency- and disaster-exposed individuals and communities and efforts to translate science to policies and programs and (2) strengthen the research capacity of the Health EDRM community. In collaboration with the Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine, the WKC held a workshop on 21 February 2020, in which 20 Japanese experts from different research fields participated to further discuss these two points. This paper summarizes the discussion at the workshop.
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Pinel C. Renting Valuable Assets: Knowledge and Value Production in Academic Science. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & HUMAN VALUES 2021; 46:275-297. [PMID: 33518849 PMCID: PMC7116635 DOI: 10.1177/0162243920911974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores what it takes for research laboratories to produce valuable knowledge in academic institutions marked by the coexistence of multiple evaluative frameworks. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork carried out in two UK-based epigenetics research laboratories, I examine the set of practices through which research groups intertwine knowledge production with the making of scientific, health and wealth value. This includes building and maintaining a portfolio of valuable resources, such as expertise, scientific credibility or data and turning these resources into assets by carefully organising and managing their value. Laboratories then put these assets to productive use within and outside their labs towards the creation or extraction of value. I identify two models for producing value within academic science: a commodity-based model whereby laboratories mobilise their assets to produce results, which can be converted into publications for the accumulation of credibility capital; and a rentier model of accumulation, whereby laboratories own valuable assets, which they rent out to others outside their lab against a revenue. Following recent developments in STS on value production in the bioeconomy, I argue that the concepts of asset and rent are essential analytical tools to get to grips with the origins of value within academic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Pinel
- Centre for Medical Science and Technology Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Day-Duro E, Lubitsh G, Smith G. Understanding and investing in healthcare innovation and collaboration. J Health Organ Manag 2021; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 32250574 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-07-2019-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the partnership between clinicians and academics who come together to provide high-quality care alongside research and innovation, identifying challenges and productive conditions for innovation and collaboration across multi-disciplinary teams. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH An explorative action research methodology was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 clinical, academic and executive leads at a large metropolitan tertiary care hospital with an academic health services portfolio in the UK. FINDINGS Clinical leaders recognise the division of limited resource, restrictive employment contracts and the divergent priorities of each organisation as challenges hindering the collaborative process and derailing innovation. Developing a culture of respect, valuing and investing in individuals and allowing time and space for interaction help facilitate successful innovation and collaboration. Successfully leading collaborative innovation requires a combination of kindness, conviction and empowerment, alongside the articulation of a vision and accountability. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Action research continues at this site, and further enquiry into the experiences, challenges and solutions of non-leaders when collaborating and innovating will be captured to present views across the organisation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical and academic collaboration and innovation are essential to the continued success of healthcare. To ensure hospitals can continue to facilitate this in increasingly challenging circumstances, they must ensure longevity and stability of teams, devote time and resource to research and innovation, nurture interpersonal skills and develop kind and empowering leaders. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This work uniquely focuses on a real-time collaborative and innovative development. By employing action research while this development was happening, we were able to access the real time views of those at the centre of that collaboration. We offer insight into the challenges and effective solutions that consultant-level clinical leaders encounter when attempting to innovate and collaborate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Day-Duro
- Department of Research, Hult International Business School - Ashridge Executive Education Campus, Berkhamsted, UK
| | - Guy Lubitsh
- Department of Research, Hult International Business School - Ashridge Executive Education Campus, Berkhamsted, UK
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22
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Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:265-279. [PMID: 32514104 PMCID: PMC7278240 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin has attracted great attention of the general public, basic neuroscience researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, and "anti-stress" behavioral and physiological effects, and its potential application for treatment of mental diseases associated with altered socio-emotional competence. During the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the complex neurobiology of the oxytocin system, including oxytocinergic pathways, local release patterns, and oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain, as well as intraneuronal oxytocin receptor signaling. However, the picture of oxytocin actions remains far from being complete, and the central question remains: "How does a single neuropeptide exert such pleotropic actions?" Although this phenomenon, typical for many of about 100 identified neuropeptides, may emerge from the anatomical divergence of oxytocin neurons, their multiple central projections, distinct oxytocin-sensitive cell types in different brain regions, and multiple intraneuronal signaling pathways determining the specific cellular response, further basic studies are required. In conjunction, numerous reports on positive effects of intranasal application of oxytocin on human brain networks controlling socio-emotional behavior in health and disease require harmonic tandems of basic researchers and clinicians. During the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, oxytocin research seems central as question of social isolation-induced inactivation of the oxytocin system, and buffering effects of either activation of the endogenous system or intranasal application of synthetic oxytocin need to be thoroughly investigated.
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Rosser C, Sager F, Leib SL. Six Recommendations to Build Legitimacy for Translational Research Organizations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:586177. [PMID: 33364246 PMCID: PMC7755134 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.586177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational research organizations (TROs) face specific challenges to secure resilience and longevity. This perspective article provides the rationale for six hands-on recommendations for the management of legitimacy building in TROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosser
- Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine (sitem-insel AG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Sager
- KPM Center for Public Management, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kaslow NJ, Ammirati RJ. Reflective practice: Finding synergy between psychological science and competency‐based frameworks. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wieling E, Trejo AN, Ellen Patterson J, Weingarten K, Falicov C, Hernández AV, Cook Heffron L, Faulkner M, Rubén Parra-Cardona J. Standing and Responding in Solidarity with Disenfranchised Immigrant Families in the United States: An Ongoing Call for Action. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2020; 46:561-576. [PMID: 33141963 PMCID: PMC10517416 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The status of immigrant families resettled to the United States in the past decade has been fraught with upsurges of governmental policies that have systematically increasing the levels of oppression, violence, and abuses of human rights. The socio-political-economic toll of xenophobic practices on specifically targeted immigrant populations is magnified by the psychological and relational impact they have on individuals, families, and communities. This manuscript is conceptualized as an ongoing call for social action and specific mobilization by mental health professionals in response to the increasing threats to civility and dignity faced by various immigrant communities. The paper is organized in three sections: (a) an overview of the effects of immigration policy on immigrant family experiences; (b) the impact of mental and relational health on immigrant populations; and (c) elaborations of three exemplar community projects designed to support immigrant families. The manuscript concludes with a discussion exploring avenues for promoting a stronger base for solidarity and social action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Celia Falicov
- University of California, San Diego
- Witness to Witness Program
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Díaz-Faes AA, Otero-Hermida P, Ozman M, D’Este P. Do women in science form more diverse research networks than men? An analysis of Spanish biomedical scientists. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238229. [PMID: 32853227 PMCID: PMC7451541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the role of gender in the formation of research collaboration networks, by investigating the composition of networks through connections to diverse professional communities. Drawing on an ego network approach, we examine gender differences among researchers' networks in terms of partner diversity, openness and brokerage roles. We use data from 897 valid responses to a questionnaire administered to biomedical scientists in Spain, which enquired into multiple aspects of personal research networks. Our findings show that women form more diverse networks and brokerage triads than men. This result is reinforced if we consider the most heterogeneous brokerage triads in terms of professional differences among network partners (i.e., consultant and liaison). Our results suggest that women are more likely to access non-redundant knowledge and richer research perspectives via their knowledge-flow intermediary roles. This research suggests the need for analyses of gender and networks that go beyond a gender-to-gender approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián A. Díaz-Faes
- INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Müge Ozman
- Institut Mines-Telecom Business School, Evry, France
| | - Pablo D’Este
- INGENIO (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Hyder A, May AA. Translational data analytics in exposure science and environmental health: a citizen science approach with high school students. Environ Health 2020; 19:73. [PMID: 32611428 PMCID: PMC7329470 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational data analytics aims to apply data analytics principles and techniques to bring about broader societal or human impact. Translational data analytics for environmental health is an emerging discipline and the objective of this study is to describe a real-world example of this emerging discipline. METHODS We implemented a citizen-science project at a local high school. Multiple cohorts of citizen scientists, who were students, fabricated and deployed low-cost air quality sensors. A cloud-computing solution provided real-time air quality data for risk screening purposes, data analytics and curricular activities. RESULTS The citizen-science project engaged with 14 high school students over a four-year period that is continuing to this day. The project led to the development of a website that displayed sensor-based measurements in local neighborhoods and a GitHub-like repository for open source code and instructions. Preliminary results showed a reasonable comparison between sensor-based and EPA land-based federal reference monitor data for CO and NOx. CONCLUSIONS Initial sensor-based data collection efforts showed reasonable agreement with land-based federal reference monitors but more work needs to be done to validate these results. Lessons learned were: 1) the need for sustained funding because citizen science-based project timelines are a function of community needs/capacity and building interdisciplinary rapport in academic settings and 2) the need for a dedicated staff to manage academic-community relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Hyder
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave., Cunz Hall, Room 380D, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave., Cunz Hall, Room 380D, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Andrew A. May
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, 483A Hitchcock Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Ohio State University Center for Automotive Research, 2070 Neil Avenue, 483A Hitchcock Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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28
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Dominguez I, Zumwalt AC. Integrating the basic sciences in medical curricula: focus on the basic scientists. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2020; 44:119-123. [PMID: 32108509 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00172.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Basic science educators are not trained as clinicians, yet are expected to adjust their content to mesh appropriately with its clinical application. While achievable, this is a challenge that requires intentional effort on the part of the basic science educators. A practical solution to facilitate curricular integration is to create experiential opportunities for basic scientists to observe the clinical application of their content and to pair these initiatives with training in effective medical education practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ann C Zumwalt
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Pound P, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. Can prospective systematic reviews of animal studies improve clinical translation? J Transl Med 2020; 18:15. [PMID: 31918734 PMCID: PMC6953128 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic reviews are powerful tools with the potential to generate high quality evidence. Their application to animal studies has been instrumental in exposing the poor quality of these studies, as well as a catalyst for improvements in study design, conduct and reporting. It has been suggested that prospective systematic reviews of animal studies (i.e. systematic reviews conducted prior to clinical trials) would allow scrutiny of the preclinical evidence, providing valuable information on safety and efficacy, and helping to determine whether clinical trials should proceed. However, while prospective systematic reviews allow valuable scrutiny of the preclinical animal data, they are not necessarily able to reliably predict the safety and efficacy of an intervention when trialled in humans. Consequently, they may not reliably safeguard humans participating in clinical trials and might potentially result in lost opportunities for beneficial clinical treatments. Furthermore, animal and human studies are often conducted concurrently, which not only makes prospective systematic reviews of animal studies impossible, but suggests that animal studies do not inform human studies in the manner presumed. We suggest that this points to a confused attitude regarding animal studies, whereby tradition demands that they precede human studies but practice indicates that their findings are often ignored. We argue that it is time to assess the relative contributions of animal and human research in order to better understand how clinical knowledge is actually produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora Pound
- Safer Medicines Trust, PO Box 122, Kingsbridge, TQ7 9AX, UK.
| | - Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Route 133, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Clesham K, Piggott RP, Sheehan E. A Prospective Review of a Novel Electronic Journal Club Format in an Orthopedic Residency Unit. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:115-123. [PMID: 31542376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Journal clubs are useful for teaching critical appraisal skills and maintaining contemporary knowledge in orthopedics. The didactic format is most common; however, work commitments can pose difficulty in full attendance. Also with the current legislative working time restrictions for residents in Europe and North America, work and training time require separation with times that may not suit all attendees. Online forums such as "Twitter" have recently been used to accommodate various journal clubs. We aimed to establish a journal club using smartphone messaging application "WhatsApp" to discuss key orthopedic papers and teach critical appraisal skills to residents. DESIGN A prospective cohort study including all residents and attendings in the department. A research practice questionnaire, the "Evidence-based Practice Questionnaire" and a 28-question MCQ on research methods from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons resident question database was completed by all participants prior to the study. A paper was uploaded each Friday, and discussed the following Tuesday through Friday for 6 consecutive weeks. The original questionnaire and MCQs were again completed after the 6-week study period. SETTING A Trauma & Orthopedic residency unit. PARTICIPANTS All orthopedic residents, from PGY1-4 and attendings. RESULTS An average of 22 questions were asked (min 13, max 28), and 55 responses per week (min 30, max 88). In the EBPQ questionnaire, an example question of "how often you critically appraised a paper you have discovered" improved from an average score of 2.45 to 5.4. Self-rating of research skills improved from a score of 3.27 to 5.9. MCQ scores improved from an average of 48.2% among the group to 69%. CONCLUSIONS Residents' critical appraisal skills were improved while providing adequate time and flexibility to reflect on questions. Subspecialty topic discussions led by attendings, stimulated discussion of clinical pearls of interest to all participants. The simplicity of this method, and its widespread availability potentiates the implementation by any specialty looking to educate its residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Clesham
- Specialist Registrar in Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Midlands Regional Hospital, Tullamore, Co Offaly, Ireland.
| | - Robert P Piggott
- Specialist Registrar in Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Midlands Regional Hospital, Tullamore, Co Offaly, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sheehan
- Specialist Registrar in Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Midlands Regional Hospital, Tullamore, Co Offaly, Ireland
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An implementation science primer for psycho-oncology: translating robust evidence into practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/or9.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ren Y, Fagette PH, Hall CL, Broers H, Grainger DW, Van Der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Clinical translation of the assets of biomedical engineering – a retrospective analysis with looks to the future. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:913-922. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1685869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. Fagette
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Connie L. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Herman Broers
- Willem Kolff Foundation (Kampen, NL), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - David W. Grainger
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Henny C. Van Der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mahoney A, Li A, Curiel H, Plattner C, Poling A. Self‐ and cross‐citations in theJournal of Applied Behavior Analysisand theJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior: 2004‐2018. J Appl Behav Anal 2019; 52:1130-1139. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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George S, Vassar SD, Norris K, Coleman B, Gonzalez C, Ishimori M, Morris D, Mtume N, Shapiro MF, Lucas-Wright A, Brown AF. Researcher perspectives on embedding community stakeholders in T1-T2 research: A potential new model for full-spectrum translational research. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 3:120-124. [PMID: 31660235 PMCID: PMC6802407 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective community engagement in T3-T4 research is widespread, however, similar stakeholder involvement is missing in T1-T2 research. As part of an effort to embed community stakeholders in T1-T2 research, an academic community partnered team conducted discussion groups with researchers to assess perspectives on (1) barriers/challenges to including community stakeholders in basic science, (2) skills/training required for stakeholders and researchers, and (3) potential benefits of these activities. Engaging community in basic science research was perceived as challenging but with exciting potential to incorporate "real-life" community health priorities into basic research, resulting in a new full-spectrum translational research model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba George
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie D. Vassar
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Olive View Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
| | - Keith Norris
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Coleman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Gonzalez
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariko Ishimori
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D’Ann Morris
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Martin F. Shapiro
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anna Lucas-Wright
- Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arleen F. Brown
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Olive View Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
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Althammer F, Jirikowski G, Grinevich V. The oxytocin system of mice and men-Similarities and discrepancies of oxytocinergic modulation in rodents and primates. Peptides 2018; 109:1-8. [PMID: 30261208 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonapeptides and their respective receptors have been conserved throughout evolution and display astonishing similarities among the animal kingdom. They can be found in worms, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, including rodents, non-human primates and humans. In particular, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has attracted the attention of scientists due to its profound effects on social behavior. However, although both the neuropeptide and its receptor are identical in rodents and primates, the effects of OT vary greatly in the two species. Here, we provide a brief overview about OT's role in the evolution of mammals and provide reasons for the manifold effects of OT within the brain with a particular focus on the discrepancy of OT's effects in rodents and primates. In addition, we suggest new approaches towards improvement of translatability of scientific studies and highlight the most recent advances in animal models for autism spectrum disorder, a disease, in which the normal function of the OT system seems to be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Valery Grinevich
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides at German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Cell Network Cluster of Excellence at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Central Institute of Mental Health (ZI), Mannheim, Germany
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Lynch EA, Ramanathan SA, Middleton S, Bernhardt J, Nilsson M, Cadilhac DA. A mixed-methods study to explore opinions of research translation held by researchers working in a Centre of Research Excellence in Australia. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022357. [PMID: 30206084 PMCID: PMC6144390 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing need for researchers to demonstrate impact, which is reliant on successful research translation. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council funded a Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery (CRE-Stroke) to enhance collaborations between researchers conducting different types of stroke rehabilitation research. The purpose of this study was to explore opinions about research translation held by CRE-Stroke researchers conducting preclinical and clinical research, in terms of scope, importance, responsibility and perceived skills and knowledge. DESIGN Mixed-methods study, comprising a paper-based survey and semistructured interviews. Interview data were inductively coded and thematically analysed. Survey and interview data were compared and synthesised. PARTICIPANTS 55 (7 preclinical, 48 clinical) researchers attending a CRE-Stroke research forum completed a paper-based survey. Semistructured interviews with 22 CRE-Stroke (5 preclinical, 17 clinical) researchers were conducted. RESULTS Research translation was described as translating to other research and translating to clinical practice and policy. Most researchers (n=54, 98%) reported that research translation was important, particularly in terms of generating research impact, but the most common sign of project completion reported by researchers (n=7, 100% preclinical; n=37, 77% clinical) was publication. Most researchers (preclinical n=4, 57%; clinical n=37, 77%) reported having responsibility for translating research, but less than half reported having the necessary skills (n=1, 14% preclinical; n=17, 35% clinical) and knowledge (n=3, 43% preclinical; n=19, 40% clinical). Differing opinions about who should be responsible for translating findings to clinical practice were expressed. CONCLUSIONS Stroke rehabilitation researchers appear confident to translate their research via the traditional mechanism of publications. To optimise impact, clarity is needed regarding who is best placed to translate research findings to clinical practice and policy. Education and skills development to apply broader translation processes are needed to maximise the use of research at all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lynch
- Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanthi A Ramanathan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandy Middleton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Australia and Australian Catholic Univeristy, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Bernhardt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Melbourne and Newcastle, Victoria and New South Wales, Australia
- Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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Adeola HA, Adefuye A, Soyele O, Butali A. The dentist-scientist career pathway in Africa: opportunities and obstacles. KOREAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 30:189-198. [PMID: 30180506 PMCID: PMC6127611 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2018.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The future of evidence-based dentistry in developing Africa heavily depends on a sustainable establishment of a vibrant dentist-scientist workforce. A dentist scientist is saddled with the responsibility of carrying out robust cutting edge research projects that are inspired by clinical experience. Currently, there are no pipelines in place to systematically train such dentists, neither are there programs in place to allow trained African dentists choose such a career pathway. A dentist-scientist is a person who studied oral, dental, maxillofacial (or craniofacial) diseases, prevention, and population sciences (obtaining a medical degrees such as bachelor of dental surgery [BDS] or BChD) alone; or in combination with other advanced degrees such as doctor of dental surgery (DDS)/doctor of philosophy (PhD) or BDS/PhD. This situation has resulted in overdependence of African clinical practice on research findings from technologically advanced Western countries and a decline in clinical research capacity building. The career path of a dentist-scientist should involve research along the spectrum of basic biomedical sciences, translational, clinical and public health sciences. There are several factors responsible for the ultra-low count of dentist-scientist in the heterogeneous African communities such as: poor biomedical research infrastructure; lack of funding; absence of structured dentist scientist career pathways; lack of personnel, inter alia. Hence, this review hopes to discuss the opportunities of setting up a dentist-scientist training pathway in Africa (as obtains in most developed world settings), identify opportunities and prospects of developing an African dentist-scientist workforce, and finally discuss the challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Anthonio Adefuye
- Division of Health Sciences Education, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Olujide Soyele
- Department of Oral Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Lee SSJ, Jabloner A. Institutional culture is the key to team science. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:1212-1214. [PMID: 29220032 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Soo-Jin Lee
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anna Jabloner
- Center for Research on the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic and Behavioral Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Lingard L, Zhang P, Strong M, Steele M, Yoo J, Lewis J. Strategies for Supporting Physician-Scientists in Faculty Roles: A Narrative Review With Key Informant Consultations. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:1421-1428. [PMID: 28795977 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physician-scientists are a population in decline globally. Solutions to reverse this decline often have focused on the training pipeline. Less attention has been paid to reducing attrition post training, when physician-scientists take up faculty roles. However, this period is a known time of vulnerability because of the pressures of clinical duties and the long timeline to securing independent research funding. This narrative review explored existing knowledge regarding how best to support physician-scientists for success in their faculty roles. METHOD The authors searched the Medline, Embase, ERIC, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published from 2000 to 2016 on this topic and interviewed key informants in 2015 to solicit their input on the review results. RESULTS The authors reviewed 78 articles and interviewed 16 key informants. From the literature, they developed a framework of organizational (facilitate mentorship, foster community, value the physician-scientist role, minimize financial barriers) and individual (develop professional and research skills) strategies for supporting physician-scientists. They also outlined key knowledge gaps representing topics either rarely or never addressed in the reviewed articles (percent research time, structural hypocrisy, objective assessment, group metrics, professional identity). The key informants confirmed the identified strategies and discussed how the gaps were particularly important and impactful. CONCLUSIONS This framework offers a basis for assessing an organization's existing support strategies, identifying outstanding needs, and developing targeted programming. The identified gaps require attention, as they threaten to undermine the benefits of existing support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei Lingard
- L. Lingard is professor, Department of Medicine and Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. P. Zhang is a second-year medical student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. M. Strong is professor and dean, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. M. Steele is professor and dean, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. J. Yoo is professor and chair, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. J. Lewis is professor, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Frey FJ. Swiss institute for translational and entrepreneurial medicine (sitem-insel). CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2514183x17714101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
sitem-insel – the Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine in Bern – was created to establish, operate and develop a National Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine. sitem-insel is organized as a non-profit oriented public private partnership. Translational medicine is a new, process-oriented discipline that aims to translate new findings and products emerging from private-sector development and basic research into clinical application. The discipline seeks to professionalize the essential interaction between scientists conducting basic research in the private sector and universities, clinicians, regulatory bodies and investors. The mission of sitem-insel is to create and foster an enhanced environment for translational medicine in Switzerland. The sitem-insel strategy rests on three pillars: 1) The sitem-insel School offers university-level continuing professional development courses taught by university and private-sector lecturers. 2) The sitem-insel Enabling Facilities provide infrastructure to foster cooperation between industrial partners, basic scientists and clinicians on the campus of the University Hospital of Bern (Inselspital) with the ultimate goal to bring novel diagnostic and therapeutic products towards clinical application. 3) The sitem-insel Promoting Services aim to optimize the administrative-regulatory effort along the route from laboratory bench to commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Frey
- sitem-insel AG, Freiburgstrasse 18, Bern, Switzerland
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Sibley KM, Roche PL, Bell CP, Temple B, Wittmeier KDM. A descriptive qualitative examination of knowledge translation practice among health researchers in Manitoba, Canada. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:627. [PMID: 28874152 PMCID: PMC5585925 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of effective translation of health research findings into action has been well recognized, but there is evidence to suggest that the practice of knowledge translation (KT) among health researchers is still evolving. Compared to research user stakeholders, researchers (knowledge producers) have been under-studied in this context. The goals of this study were to understand the experiences of health researchers in practicing KT in Manitoba, Canada, and identify their support needs to sustain and increase their participation in KT. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 researchers studying in biomedical; clinical; health systems and services; and social, cultural, environmental and population health research. Interview questions were open-ended and probed participants' understanding of KT, their experiences in practicing KT, barriers and facilitators to practicing KT, and their needs for KT practice support. RESULTS KT was broadly conceptualized across participants. Participants described a range of KT practice experiences, most of which related to dissemination. Participants also expressed a number of negative emotions associated with the practice of KT. Many individual, logistical, and systemic or organizational barriers to practicing KT were identified, which included a lack of institutional support for KT in both academic and non-academic systems. Participants described the presence of good relationships with stakeholders as a critical facilitator for practicing KT. The most commonly identified needs for supporting KT practice were access to education and training, and access to resources to increase awareness and promotion of KT. While there were few major variations in response trends across most areas of health research, the responses of biomedical researchers suggested a unique KT context, reflected by distinct conceptualizations of KT (such as commercialization as a core component), experiences (including frustration and lack of support), and barriers to practicing KT (for example, intellectual property concerns). CONCLUSIONS The major findings of this study were the continued variations in conceptualization of KT, and persisting support needs that span basic individual to comprehensive systemic change. Expanding the study to additional regions of Canada will present opportunities to compare and contrast the state of KT practice and its influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 379 - 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada. .,George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, 379 - 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.
| | - Patricia L Roche
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, 379 - 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Courtney P Bell
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, 379 - 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Beverley Temple
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 483 Helen Glass Centre for Nursing, 89 Curry Place, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kristy D M Wittmeier
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, 379 - 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada.,Department of Physiotherapy, Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, 183A-800 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1S1, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 183A-800 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1S1, Canada
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Toward a science of translational science. J Clin Transl Sci 2017; 1:253-255. [PMID: 29657860 PMCID: PMC5890312 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational research as a discipline has experienced explosive growth over the last decade as evidenced by significant federal investment and the exponential increase in related publications. However, narrow project-focused or process-based measurement approaches have resulted in insufficient techniques to measure the translational progress of institutions or large-scale networks. A shift from traditional industrial engineering approaches to systematic investigation using the techniques of scientometrics and network science will be required to assess the impact of investments in translational research.
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Lecuyer M, Laquerrière A, Bekri S, Lesueur C, Ramdani Y, Jégou S, Uguen A, Marcorelles P, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. PLGF, a placental marker of fetal brain defects after in utero alcohol exposure. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:44. [PMID: 28587682 PMCID: PMC5461764 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most children with in utero alcohol exposure do not exhibit all features of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and a challenge for clinicians is to make an early diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) to avoid lost opportunities for care. In brain, correct neurodevelopment requires proper angiogenesis. Since alcohol alters brain angiogenesis and the placenta is a major source of angiogenic factors, we hypothesized that it is involved in alcohol-induced brain vascular defects. In mouse, using in vivo repression and overexpression of PLGF, we investigated the contribution of placenta on fetal brain angiogenesis. In human, we performed a comparative molecular and morphological analysis of brain/placenta angiogenesis in alcohol-exposed fetuses. Results showed that prenatal alcohol exposure impairs placental angiogenesis, reduces PLGF levels and consequently alters fetal brain vasculature. Placental repression of PLGF altered brain VEGF-R1 expression and mimicked alcohol-induced vascular defects in the cortex. Over-expression of placental PGF rescued alcohol effects on fetal brain vessels. In human, alcohol exposure disrupted both placental and brain angiogenesis. PLGF expression was strongly decreased and angiogenesis defects observed in the fetal brain markedly correlated with placental vascular impairments. Placental PGF disruption impairs brain angiogenesis and likely predicts brain disabilities after in utero alcohol exposure. PLGF assay at birth could contribute to the early diagnosis of FASD.
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Carter W, Bick D, Mackintosh N, Sandall J. A narrative synthesis of factors that affect women speaking up about early warning signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia and responses of healthcare staff. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28193255 PMCID: PMC5309733 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the challenges for treating pre-eclampsia and preventing further deterioration is determining how best to enable early detection. If women or their partners and families are able to raise early warnings about potential signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy, birth and in the postnatal period, women may be able to receive earlier intervention to prevent severe pre-eclampsia from developing. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of factors affecting the ability of women to recognise symptoms and signs of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and seek appropriate medical help and factors affecting health care professionals’ responses to women and their families who ‘speak up’ about early warning signs and symptoms. Methods A narrative synthesis was conducted of evidence relevant to address the research question. The following electronic data bases were searched for qualitative studies which met inclusion criteria from January 1980 to April 2016; Medline, CINAHL, HMIC, PsycINFO, Embase, BNI, ASSIA, Scopus, Maternity and Infant Care, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, JBI and IBSS with the support of an Information Service Consultant. Results Following thematic analysis, three themes were identified; 1: Women’s understanding and knowledge of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia; 2: Factors affecting help seeking behaviour from perspectives of women and their families’; 3: Factors affecting staff response. There was widespread lack of knowledge and understanding of signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia among women and their families, with some women not exhibiting signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia or unable to distinguish them from ‘normal’ pregnancy changes. Conclusions Women and their families not only need to be made aware of signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia but also require information on the most effective ways to seek urgent medical assessment and care. Some women did not experience prodromal signs and symptoms, which raises concerns about how women and families can detect early onset, and is an issue which needs further exploration. There is very limited research exploring clinical staff response to women who raise concerns about their health when experiencing symptoms and signs of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia with further research needed if safety and quality of care are to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Carter
- King's College London, Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK. .,King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's Health Partners, 10th Floor North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, SE1 7EH, London, UK.
| | - Debra Bick
- King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, London, UK
| | - Nicola Mackintosh
- King's College London, Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- King's College London, Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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Review: in vivo optical spectral tissue sensing-how to go from research to routine clinical application? Lasers Med Sci 2016; 32:711-719. [PMID: 27909918 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Innovations in optical spectroscopy have helped the technology reach a point where performance previously seen only in laboratory settings can be translated and tested in real-world applications. In the field of oncology, spectral tissue sensing (STS) by means of optical spectroscopy is considered to have major potential for improving diagnostics and optimizing treatment outcome. The concept has been investigated for more than two decades and yet spectral tissue sensing is not commonly employed in routine medical practice. It is therefore important to understand what is needed to translate technological advances and insights generated through basic scientific research in this field into clinical practice. The aim of the discussion presented here is not to provide a comprehensive review of all work published over the last decades but rather to highlight some of the challenges found in literature and encountered by our group in the quest to translate optical technologies into useful clinical tools. Furthermore, an outlook is proposed on how translational researchers could proceed to eventually have STS incorporated in the process of clinical decision-making.
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