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Valifard M, Khan A, Berg J, Le Hir R, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE, Keller I. Carbohydrate distribution via SWEET17 is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence branching under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3903-3919. [PMID: 38530289 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are the most recently discovered family of plant sugar transporters. By acting as uniporters, SWEETs facilitate the diffusion of sugars across cell membranes and play an important role in various physiological processes such as abiotic stress adaptation. AtSWEET17, a vacuolar fructose facilitator, was shown to be involved in the modulation of the root system during drought. In addition, previous studies have shown that overexpression of an apple homolog leads to increased drought tolerance in tomato plants. Therefore, SWEET17 might be a molecular element involved in plant responses to drought. However, the role and function of SWEET17 in above-ground tissues of Arabidopsis under drought stress remain elusive. By combining gene expression analysis and stem architecture with the sugar profiles of different above-ground tissues, we uncovered a putative role for SWEET17 in carbohydrate supply and thus cauline branch elongation, especially during periods of carbon limitation, as occurs under drought stress. Thus, SWEET17 seems to be involved in maintaining efficient plant reproduction under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Valifard
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Azkia Khan
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Berg
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Department Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Zou M, Zhang D, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xu T, Ma Z, Li J, Zhang W, Huang Z, Pan X. Integrative proteome and metabolome unveil the central role of IAA alteration in axillary bud development following topping in tobacco. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15309. [PMID: 38961197 PMCID: PMC11222511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Axillary bud is an important aspect of plant morphology, contributing to the final tobacco yield. However, the mechanisms of axillary bud development in tobacco remain largely unknown. To investigate this aspect of tobacco biology, the metabolome and proteome of the axillary buds before and after topping were compared. A total of 569 metabolites were differentially abundant before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. KEGG analyses further revealed that the axillary bud was characterized by a striking enrichment of metabolites involved in flavonoid metabolism, suggesting a strong flavonoid biosynthesis activity in the tobacco axillary bud after topping. Additionally, 9035 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. Subsequent GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEPs in the axillary bud were enriched in oxidative stress, hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The integrated proteome and metabolome analysis revealed that the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) alteration in buds control dormancy release and sustained growth of axillary bud by regulating proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Notably, the proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and flavonoid biosynthesis were strongly negatively correlated with IAA content. These findings shed light on a critical role of IAA alteration in regulating axillary bud outgrowth, and implied a potential crosstalk among IAA alteration, ROS homeostasis, and flavonoid biosynthesis in tobacco axillary bud under topping stress, which could improve our understanding of the IAA alteration in axillary bud as an important regulator of axillary bud development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zepeng Chen
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou, 510610, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhuwen Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiqin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Wen S, Hu Q, Wang J, Li H. Transcriptome analysis and functional validation reveal the novel role of LhCYCL in axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:55. [PMID: 38727895 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Shoot branching significantly influences yield and timber quality in woody plants, with hybrid Liriodendron being particularly valuable due to its rapid growth. However, understanding of the mechanisms governing shoot branching in hybrid Liriodendron remains limited. In this study, we systematically examined axillary bud development using morphological and anatomical approaches and selected four distinct developmental stages for an extensive transcriptome analysis. A total of 9,449 differentially expressed genes have been identified, many of which are involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we identified several transcription factors downregulated during early axillary bud development, including a noteworthy gene annotated as CYC-like from the TCP TF family, which emerged as a strong candidate for modulating axillary bud development. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results confirmed the highest expression levels of LhCYCL in hybrid Liriodendron axillary buds, while histochemical β-glucuronidase staining suggested its potential role in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf axil development. Ectopic expression of LhCYCL in A. thaliana led to an increase of branches and a decrease of plant height, accompanied by altered expression of genes involved in the plant hormone signaling pathways. This indicates the involvement of LhCYCL in regulating shoot branching through plant hormone signaling pathways. In summary, our results emphasize the pivotal role played by LhCYCL in shoot branching, offering insights into the function of the CYC-like gene and establishing a robust foundation for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms governing axillary bud development in hybrid Liriodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Cammarata J, Roeder AHK, Scanlon MJ. The ratio of auxin to cytokinin controls leaf development and meristem initiation in Physcomitrium patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6541-6550. [PMID: 37498739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin contributes to widespread developmental processes, including root and shoot meristem maintenance, phyllotaxy, and vascular patterning. However, our understanding of crosstalk between these hormones is limited primarily to angiosperms. The moss Physcomitrium patens (formerly Physcomitrella patens) is a powerful system for studying plant hormone function. Auxin and cytokinin play similar roles in regulating moss gametophore (shoot) architecture, to those in flowering plant shoots. However, auxin-cytokinin crosstalk is poorly understood in moss. Here we find that the ratio of auxin to cytokinin is an important determinant of development in P. patens, especially during leaf development and branch stem cell initiation. Addition of high levels of auxin to P. patens gametophores blocks leaf outgrowth. However, simultaneous addition of high levels of both auxin and cytokinin partially restores leaf outgrowth, suggesting that the ratio of these hormones is the predominant factor. Likewise, during branch initiation and outgrowth, chemical inhibition of auxin synthesis phenocopies cytokinin application. Finally, cytokinin-insensitive mutants resemble plants with altered auxin signaling and are hypersensitive to auxin. In summary, our results suggest that the ratio between auxin and cytokinin signaling is the basis for developmental decisions in the moss gametophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cammarata
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Tanaka T, Sasaki K. Detection of Transcription Factors Related to Axillary Bud Development after Exposure to Cold Conditions in Hexaploid Chrysanthemum morifolium Using Arabidopsis Information. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3122. [PMID: 37687366 PMCID: PMC10490133 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is one of the most commercially used ornamental flowering plants in the world. As chrysanthemum is self-incompatible, the propagation of identical varieties is carried out through cuttings rather than through seed. Axillary bud development can be controlled by changing the temperature; for instance, axillary bud development in some varieties is suppressed at high temperatures. In this study, we focused on the simultaneous axillary bud growth from multiple lines of chrysanthemum upon changing conditions from low to normal temperature. Transcriptome analysis was conducted on the Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivar 'Jinba' to identify the important genes for axillary bud development seen when moved from low-temperature treatment to normal cultivation temperature. We performed RNA-Seq analysis on plants after cold conditions in two-day time-course experiments. Under these settings, we constructed a transcriptome of 415,923 C. morifolium and extracted 7357 differentially expressed genes. Our understanding of Arabidopsis axillary meristem development and growth showed that at least 101 genes in our dataset were homologous to transcription factors involved in the biological process. In addition, six genes exhibited statistically significant variations in expression throughout conditions. We hypothesized that these genes were involved in the formation of axillary buds in C. morifolium after cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8518, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutomo Sasaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba 305-0852, Ibaraki, Japan
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Le Provost G, Lalanne C, Lesur I, Louvet JM, Delzon S, Kremer A, Labadie K, Aury JM, Da Silva C, Moritz T, Plomion C. Oak stands along an elevation gradient have different molecular strategies for regulating bud phenology. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36814198 PMCID: PMC9948485 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming raises serious concerns about the persistence of species and populations locally adapted to their environment, simply because of the shift it produces in their adaptive landscape. For instance, the phenological cycle of tree species may be strongly affected by higher winter temperatures and late frost in spring. Given the variety of ecosystem services they provide, the question of forest tree adaptation has received increasing attention in the scientific community and catalyzed research efforts in ecology, evolutionary biology and functional genomics to study their adaptive capacity to respond to such perturbations. RESULTS In the present study, we used an elevation gradient in the Pyrenees Mountains to explore the gene expression network underlying dormancy regulation in natural populations of sessile oak stands sampled along an elevation cline and potentially adapted to different climatic conditions mainly driven by temperature. By performing analyses of gene expression in terminal buds we identified genes displaying significant dormancy, elevation or dormancy-by-elevation interaction effects. Our Results highlighted that low- and high-altitude populations have evolved different molecular strategies for minimizing late frost damage and maximizing the growth period, thereby increasing potentially their respective fitness in these contrasting environmental conditions. More particularly, population from high elevation overexpressed genes involved in the inhibition of cell elongation and delaying flowering time while genes involved in cell division and flowering, enabling buds to flush earlier were identified in population from low elevation. CONCLUSION Our study made it possible to identify key dormancy-by-elevation responsive genes revealing that the stands analyzed in this study have evolved distinct molecular strategies to adapt their bud phenology in response to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Lesur
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- Helix Venture, F-33700, Mérignac, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Mekapogu M, Kwon OK, Song HY, Jung JA. Towards the Improvement of Ornamental Attributes in Chrysanthemum: Recent Progress in Biotechnological Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012284. [PMID: 36293140 PMCID: PMC9603847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Incessant development and introduction of novel cultivars with improved floral attributes are vital in the dynamic ornamental industry. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is a highly favored ornamental plant, ranking second globally in the cut flower trade, after rose. Development of new chrysanthemum cultivars with improved and innovative modifications in ornamental attributes, including floral color, shape, plant architecture, flowering time, enhanced shelf life, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, is a major goal in chrysanthemum breeding. Despite being an economically important ornamental plant, the application of conventional and molecular breeding approaches to various key traits of chrysanthemum is hindered owing to its genomic complexity, heterozygosity, and limited gene pool availability. Although classical breeding of chrysanthemum has resulted in the development of several hundreds of cultivars with various morphological variations, the genetic and transcriptional control of various important ornamental traits remains unclear. The coveted blue colored flowers of chrysanthemums cannot be achieved through conventional breeding and mutation breeding due to technical limitations. However, blue-hued flower has been developed by genetic engineering, and transgenic molecular breeding has been successfully employed, leading to substantial progress in improving various traits. The recent availability of whole-genome sequences of chrysanthemum offers a platform to extensively employ MAS to identify a large number of markers for QTL mapping, and GWAS to dissect the genetic control of complex traits. The combination of NGS, multi-omic platforms, and genome editing technologies has provided a tremendous scope to decipher the molecular and regulatory mechanisms. However, the application and integration of these technologies remain inadequate for chrysanthemum. This review, therefore, details the significance of floral attributes, describes the efforts of recent advancements, and highlights the possibilities for future application towards the improvement of crucial ornamental traits in the globally popular chrysanthemum plant.
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Zhang L, Wang D, Zhang L, Fu J, Yan P, Ge S, Li Z, Ahammed GJ, Han W, Li X. Expression and functional analysis of CsA-IPT5 splice variants during shoot branching in Camellia sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:977086. [PMID: 36072311 PMCID: PMC9444062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.977086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a process by which several functional splice variants are generated from the same precursor mRNA. In our recent study, five CsA-IPT5 splice variants with various numbers of ATTTA motifs in the untranslated regions (UTRs) were cloned. Meanwhile, their transient expression, as well as the expression and functional analysis in the two shoot branching processes were studied. Here, we examined how these splice variants regulate the other three important shoot branching processes, including the spring tea development, the distal branching of new shoots, and the shoot branching induced by 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) spraying, and thus unraveling the key CsA-IPT5 transcripts which play the most important roles in the shoot branching of tea plants. The results showed that the increased expression of 5' UTR AS3, 3' UTR AS1 and 3' UTR AS2 could contribute to the increased synthesis of tZ/iP-type cytokinins (CKs), thus promoting the spring tea development. Meanwhile, in the TIBA-induced shoot branching or in the distal branching of the new shoots, CsA-IPT5 transcripts regulated the synthesis of CsA-IPT5 protein and CKs through transcriptional regulation of the ratios of its splice variants. Moreover, 3' UTR AS1 and 3' UTR AS2 both play key roles in these two processes. In summary, it is revealed that 3' UTR AS1 and 3' UTR AS2 of CsA-IPT5 might act as the predominant splice variants in shoot branching of the tea plant, and they both can serve as gene resources for tea plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Qu Y, Chen X, Mao X, Huang P, Fu X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Role of GA 3 in Regulating the Asynchronism of Floral Bud Differentiation and Development in Heterodichogamous Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126763. [PMID: 35743203 PMCID: PMC9224186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is an important medical plant owing to the diverse bioactive compounds in its leaves. However, the heterodichogamy with female and male functions segregation within protandry (PA) or protogyny (PG) may greatly affect seed quality and its plantations for medicinal use. To speculate on the factor playing the dominant role in regulating heterodichogamy in C. paliurus, based on phenotypic observations, our study performed a multi comparison transcriptome analysis on female and male buds (PG and PA types) using RNA-seq. For the female and male bud comparisons, a total of 6753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. In addition, functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in floral development, hormone, and GA-related pathways. As the dominant hormones responsible for floral differentiation and development, gibberellins (GAs) in floral buds from PG and PA types were quantified using HPLC-MS. Among the tested GAs, GA3 positively regulated the physiological differentiation (S0) and germination (S2) of floral buds. The dynamic changes of GA3 content and floral morphological features were consistent with the expression levels of GA-related genes. Divergences of GA3 contents at S0 triggered the asynchronism of physiological differentiation between male and female buds of intramorphs (PA-M vs. PA-F and PG-F vs. PG-M). A significant difference in GA3 content enlarged this asynchronism at S2. Thus, we speculate that GA3 plays the dominant role in the formation of heterodichogamy in C. paliurus. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of GA-related DEGs, including CPS, KO, GA20ox, GA2OX, GID1, and DELLA genes, which play central roles in regulating flower development, coincided with heterodichogamous characteristics. These results support our speculations well, which should be further confirmed.
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Del Rosario Cárdenas-Aquino M, Sarria-Guzmán Y, Martínez-Antonio A. Review: Isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins in shoot branching. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111240. [PMID: 35487650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important event of plant development that defines growth and reproduction. The BRANCHED1 gene (BRC1/TB1/FC1) is crucial for this process. Within the phytohormones, cytokinins directly activate axillary buds to promote shoot branching. In addition, strigolactones and auxins inhibit bud outgrowth. This review addresses the involvement of aromatic and isoprenoid cytokinins in shoot branching. And how auxins and strigolactones contribute to regulating this process also. The results obtained by others and our working group with lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) show that cytokinins affect both shoot and root apical meristem development, consistent with other plant species. However, many questions remain about how cytokinins and strigolactones antagonistically regulate BRC1 gene expression. Additionally, many details of the interaction among cytokinins, auxins, and strigolactones need to be clarified. We will gain a more comprehensive scheme of bud outgrowth with these details.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Transv 22 Bis #4-105, Valledupar 200005, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Agustino Martínez-Antonio
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Cinvestav Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Gto, México.
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Yi M, Yang H, Yang S, Wang J. Overexpression of SHORT-ROOT2 transcription factor enhances the outgrowth of mature axillary buds in poplar trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2469-2486. [PMID: 35107566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factors play important roles in asymmetric cell division and radial patterning of Arabidopsis roots. In hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba clone INRA 717-1B4), PtaSHR2 was preferentially expressed in axillary buds (AXBs) and transcriptionally up-regulated during AXB maturation and activation. Overexpression of SHR2 (PtSHR2OE) induced an enhanced outgrowth of AXBs below the bud maturation point, with a simultaneous transition of an active shoot apex into an arrested terminal bud. The larger and more mature AXBs of PtSHR2OE trees revealed altered expression of genes involved in axillary meristem initiation and bud activation, as well as a higher ratio of cytokinin to auxin. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of PtSHR2OE-induced high branching, subsequent molecular and biochemical studies showed that compared with wild-type trees, decapitation induced a quicker bud outburst in PtSHR2OE trees, which could be fully inhibited by exogenous application of auxin or cytokinin biosynthesis inhibitor, but not by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Our results indicated that overexpression of PtSHR2B disturbed the internal hormonal balance in AXBs by interfering with the basipetal transport of auxin, rather than causing auxin biosynthesis deficiency or auxin insensitivity, thereby releasing mature AXBs from apical dominance and promoting their outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heyu Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Ge H, Li G, Wan S, Zhao A, Huang Y, Ma R, Zhang R, Song Y, Sha G. Whole genome re-sequencing and transcriptome reveal an alteration in hormone signal transduction in a more-branching mutant of apple. Gene 2022; 818:146214. [PMID: 35066064 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Branch number is an important trait in grafted apple breeding and cultivation. To provide new information on molecular mechanisms of apple branching, whole reduced-representation genomes and transcriptome of a wild-type (WT) apple (Malus spectabilis) and its more-branching (MB) mutant at the branching stage were examined in this study. Comparison of WT and MB genomes against the Malus domestica reference genome identified 14,908,939 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 173,315 insertions and deletions (InDels) in WT and 1,483,221 SNPs and 1,725,977 InDels in MB. Analysis of the genetic variation between MB and WT revealed 1,048,575 SNPs and 37,327 InDels. Among them, 24,303 SNPs and 891 InDels mapped to coding regions of 5,072 and 596 genes, respectively. GO and KEGG functional annotation of 3,846 and 944 genes, respectively, identified 32 variant genes related to plant hormone signal transduction that were involved in auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid pathways. The transcriptome pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis were also significantly enriched during MB branching. Furthermore, transcriptome data suggested the regulatory roles of auxin signaling, increase of cytokinin and genes of cytokinin synthesis and signaling, and the suppressed abscisic acid signaling. Our findings suggest that branching development in apple is regulated by plant hormone signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Ge
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| | - Shuwei Wan
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Aihong Zhao
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Yue Huang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Rongqun Ma
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Yongjun Song
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| | - Guangli Sha
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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13
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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14
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Decapitation Experiments Combined with the Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of High Temperature on Chrysanthemum Axillary Bud Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189704. [PMID: 34575868 PMCID: PMC8469267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor that largely affects the patterns of shoot branching in plants. However, the effect and mechanism of temperature on axillary bud development in chrysanthemum remains poorly defined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of high temperature on the axillary bud growth and the mechanism of axillary bud formation in chrysanthemum. Decapitation experiments combined with the transcriptome analysis were designed. Results showed that the axillary bud length was significantly inhibited by high temperature. Decapitation of primary shoot (primary decapitation) resulted in slower growth of axillary buds (secondary buds) under 35 °C. However, secondary decapitation resulted in complete arrest of tertiary buds at high temperature. These results demonstrated that high temperature not only inhibited axillary bud formation but also retarded bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum. Comparative transcriptome suggested differentially expressed gene sets and identified important modules associated with bud formation. This research helped to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of high temperature on axillary bud growth, especially bud formation in chrysanthemum. Meanwhile, in-depth studies of this imperative temperature signaling can offer the likelihood of vital future applications in chrysanthemum breeding and branching control.
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15
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Li G, Tan M, Ma J, Cheng F, Li K, Liu X, Zhao C, Zhang D, Xing L, Ren X, Han M, An N. Molecular mechanism of MdWUS2-MdTCP12 interaction in mediating cytokinin signaling to control axillary bud outgrowth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4822-4838. [PMID: 34113976 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important factor that influences the architecture of apple trees and cytokinin is known to promote axillary bud outgrowth. The cultivar 'Fuji', which is grown on ~75% of the apple-producing area in China, exhibits poor natural branching. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) family genes BRANCHED1/2 (BRC1/2) are involved in integrating diverse factors that function locally to inhibit shoot branching; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the cytokinin-mediated promotion of branching that involves the repression of BRC1/2 remains unclear. In this study, we found that apple WUSCHEL2 (MdWUS2), which interacts with the co-repressor TOPLESS-RELATED9 (MdTPR9), is activated by cytokinin and regulates branching by inhibiting the activity of MdTCP12 (a BRC2 homolog). Overexpressing MdWUS2 in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in enhanced branching. Overexpression of MdTCP12 inhibited axillary bud outgrowth in Arabidopsis, indicating that it contributes to the regulation of branching. In addition, we found that MdWUS2 interacted with MdTCP12 in vivo and in vitro and suppressed the ability of MdTCP12 to activate the transcription of its target gene, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 53b (MdHB53b). Our results therefore suggest that MdWUS2 is involved in the cytokinin-mediated inhibition of MdTCP12 that controls bud outgrowth, and hence provide new insights into the regulation of shoot branching by cytokinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ming Tan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na An
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Kotov AA, Kotova LM, Romanov GA. Signaling network regulating plant branching: Recent advances and new challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110880. [PMID: 33902848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin alone or supplemented with cytokinins and strigolactones were long considered as the main player(s) in the control of apical dominance (AD) and correlative inhibition of the lateral bud outgrowth, the processes that shape the plant phenotype. However, past decade data indicate a more sophisticated pathways of AD regulation, with the involvement of mobile carbohydrates which perform both signal and trophic functions. Here we provide a critical comprehensive overview of the current status of the AD problem. This includes insight into intimate mechanisms regulating directed auxin transport in axillary buds with participation of phytohormones and sugars. Also roles of auxin, cytokinin and sugars in the dormancy or sustained growth of the lateral meristems were assigned. This review not only provides the latest data on implicated phytohormone crosstalk and its relationship with the signaling of sugars and abscisic acid, new AD players, but also focuses on the emerging biochemical mechanisms, at first positive feedback loops involving both sugars and hormones, that ensure the sustained bud growth. Data show that sugars act in concert with cytokinins but antagonistically to strigolactone signaling. A complex bud growth regulating network is demonstrated and unresolved issues regarding the hormone-carbohydrate regulation of AD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kotov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila M Kotova
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Wang M, Pérez-Garcia MD, Davière JM, Barbier F, Ogé L, Gentilhomme J, Voisine L, Péron T, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Baumberger N, Balzergue S, Macherel D, Grappin P, Bertheloot J, Achard P, Hamama L, Sakr S. Outgrowth of the axillary bud in rose is controlled by sugar metabolism and signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3044-3060. [PMID: 33543244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a pivotal process during plant growth and development, and is antagonistically orchestrated by auxin and sugars. In contrast to extensive investigations on hormonal regulatory networks, our current knowledge on the role of sugar signalling pathways in bud outgrowth is scarce. Based on a comprehensive stepwise strategy, we investigated the role of glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in the control of bud outgrowth. We demonstrated that these pathways are necessary for bud outgrowth promotion upon plant decapitation and in response to sugar availability. They are also targets of the antagonistic crosstalk between auxin and sugar availability. The two pathways act synergistically to down-regulate the expression of BRC1, a conserved inhibitor of shoot branching. Using Rosa calluses stably transformed with GFP-fused promoter sequences of RhBRC1 (pRhBRC1), glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP were found to repress the transcriptional activity of pRhBRC1 cooperatively. Glycolysis/TCA cycle- and OPPP-dependent regulations involve the -1973/-1611 bp and -1206/-709 bp regions of pRhBRC1, respectively. Our findings indicate that glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP are integrative parts of shoot branching control and can link endogenous factors to the developmental programme of bud outgrowth, likely through two distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Barbier
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - José Gentilhomme
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Linda Voisine
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Péron
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - David Macherel
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
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18
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Mallet J, Laufs P, Leduc N, Le Gourrierec J. Photocontrol of Axillary Bud Outgrowth by MicroRNAs: Current State-of-the-Art and Novel Perspectives Gained From the Rosebush Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:770363. [PMID: 35173747 PMCID: PMC8841825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.770363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is highly dependent on environmental factors. While many species show some light dependence for branching, the rosebush shows a strict requirement for light to allow branching, making this species an excellent model to further understand how light impinges on branching. Here, in the first part, we provide a review of the current understanding of how light may modulate the complex regulatory network of endogenous factors like hormones (SL, IAA, CK, GA, and ABA), nutrients (sugar and nitrogen), and ROS to control branching. We review the regulatory contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to branching in different species, highlighting the action of such evolutionarily conserved factors. We underline some possible pathways by which light may modulate miRNA-dependent regulation of branching. In the second part, we exploit the strict light dependence of rosebush for branching to identify putative miRNAs that could contribute to the photocontrol of branching. For this, we first performed a profiling of the miRNAs expressed in early light-induced rosebush buds and next tested whether they were predicted to target recognized regulators of branching. Thus, we identified seven miRNAs (miR156, miR159, miR164, miR166, miR399, miR477, and miR8175) that could target nine genes (CKX1/6, EXPA3, MAX4, CYCD3;1, SUSY, 6PFK, APX1, and RBOHB1). Because these genes are affecting branching through different hormonal or metabolic pathways and because expression of some of these genes is photoregulated, our bioinformatic analysis suggests that miRNAs may trigger a rearrangement of the regulatory network to modulate branching in response to light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mallet
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- University of Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: José Le Gourrierec,
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Steiner E, Israeli A, Gupta R, Shwartz I, Nir I, Leibman-Markus M, Tal L, Farber M, Amsalem Z, Ori N, Müller B, Bar M. Characterization of the cytokinin sensor TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:152. [PMID: 33292327 PMCID: PMC7670716 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. RESULTS Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. CONCLUSIONS The increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyatar Steiner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ido Shwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Nir
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Lior Tal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mika Farber
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziva Amsalem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naomi Ori
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bruno Müller
- Leibniz-Institut Für Pflanzengenetik Und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Microsynth AG, Schützenstrasse 15, 9436, Balgach, Switzerland
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Liu L, Wu Y, Zhao D, Tao J. Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome analyses provide insights into paclobutrazol inhibition of lateral branching in herbaceous peony. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:496. [PMID: 33150122 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a new high-end cut flower, but a large number of lateral branches often appear in some excellent cultivars, which is inconvenient for cut flower production. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the lateral branches of P. lactiflora and adopted a next-generation sequencing approach to identify miRNAs and mRNAs that were differentially expressed involved in the PBZ response. Our results indicate that PBZ may inhibit the production of lateral branches on P. lactiflora. There were 827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 104 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Integrative analysis revealed 29 miRNA-mRNA interactions related to PBZ stress. Our results provided a wealth of genetic information and data on metabolic pathways for revealing the regulatory mechanism of PBZ inhibition of the development of lateral branches in P. lactiflora and provided a new possibility for reducing lateral branch formation in the production of herbaceous peony cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang College of Agriculture and Forestry, Xinyang, 464000 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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21
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Vayssières A, Mishra P, Roggen A, Neumann U, Ljung K, Albani MC. Vernalization shapes shoot architecture and ensures the maintenance of dormant buds in the perennial Arabis alpina. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:99-115. [PMID: 32022273 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Perennials have a complex shoot architecture with axillary meristems organized in zones of differential bud activity and fate. This includes zones of buds maintained dormant for multiple seasons and used as reservoirs for potential growth in case of damage. The shoot of Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of a zone of dormant buds placed between subapical vegetative and basal flowering branches. This shoot architecture is shaped after exposure to prolonged cold, required for flowering. To understand how vernalization ensures the maintenance of dormant buds, we performed physiological and transcriptome studies, followed the spatiotemporal changes of auxin, and generated transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate that the complex shoot architecture in A. alpina is shaped by its flowering behavior, specifically the initiation of inflorescences during cold treatment and rapid flowering after subsequent exposure to growth-promoting conditions. Dormant buds are already formed before cold treatment. However, dormancy in these buds is enhanced during, and stably maintained after, vernalization by a BRC1-dependent mechanism. Post-vernalization, stable maintenance of dormant buds is correlated with increased auxin response, transport, and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid levels in the stem. Here, we provide a functional link between flowering and the maintenance of dormant buds in perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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Zhao X, Han X, Wang Q, Wang X, Chen X, Li L, Fu X, Gao D. EARLY BUD BREAK 1 triggers bud break in peach trees by regulating hormone metabolism, the cell cycle, and cell wall modifications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3512-3523. [PMID: 32507879 PMCID: PMC7475240 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we identified EARLY BUD BREAK 1 (EBB1), an ERF transcription factor, in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina cultivar Zhongyou 4); however, little is known of how PpEBB1 may regulate bud break. To verify the function of PpEBB1 in bud break, PpEBB1 was transiently transformed into peach buds, resulting in early bud break. Bud break occurred earlier in PpEBB1-oe poplar (Populus trichocarpa) obtained by heterologous transformation than in wild type (WT), consistent with the peach bud results, indicating that PpEBB1 can promote bud break. To explore how PpEBB1 affects bud break, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and PpEBB1-oe poplar plants were identified by RNA-sequencing. The expression of DEGs associated with hormone metabolism, cell cycle, and cell wall modifications changed substantially according to qRT-PCR. Auxin, ABA, and total trans-zeatin-type cytokinin levels were higher in the PpEBB1-oe plants than in WT plants, while the total N6-(Δ 2-isopentenyl)-adenine-type cytokinins was lower. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays verified that a cell wall modification-related protein (PpEXBL1) interacted with PpEBB1 suggesting that PpEBB1 could interact with these cell wall modification proteins directly. Overall, our study proposed a multifaceted explanation for how PpEBB1 regulates bud break and showed that PpEBB1 promotes bud break by regulating hormone metabolism, the cell cycle, and cell wall modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolun Han
- Laiyang City Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: or
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23
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Zhu Y, Wagner D. Plant Inflorescence Architecture: The Formation, Activity, and Fate of Axillary Meristems. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a034652. [PMID: 31308142 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The above-ground plant body in different plant species can have very distinct forms or architectures that arise by recurrent redeployment of a finite set of building blocks-leaves with axillary meristems, stems or branches, and flowers. The unique architectures of plant inflorescences in different plant families and species, on which this review focuses, determine the reproductive success and yield of wild and cultivated plants. Major contributors to the inflorescence architecture are the activity and developmental trajectories adopted by axillary meristems, which determine the degree of branching and the number of flowers formed. Recent advances in genetic and molecular analyses in diverse flowering plants have uncovered both common regulatory principles and unique players and/or regulatory interactions that underlie inflorescence architecture. Modulating activity of these regulators has already led to yield increases in the field. Additional insight into the underlying regulatory interactions and principles will not only uncover how their rewiring resulted in altered plant form, but will also enhance efforts at optimizing plant architecture in desirable ways in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Sugar Transporter, CmSWEET17, Promotes Bud Outgrowth in Chrysanthemum Morifolium. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010026. [PMID: 31878242 PMCID: PMC7017157 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 20 mM sucrose promotes the upper axillary bud outgrowth in two-node stems of Chrysanthemum morifolium. In this study, we aimed to screen for potential genes involved in this process. Quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR analysis of sugar-related genes in the upper axillary bud of plants treated with 20 mM sucrose revealed the specific expression of the gene CmSWEET17. Expression of this gene was increased in the bud, as well as the leaves of C. morifolium, following exogenous sucrose treatment. CmSWEET17 was isolated from C. morifolium and a subcellular localization assay confirmed that the protein product was localized in the cell membrane. Overexpression of CmSWEET17 promoted upper axillary bud growth in the two-node stems treatment as compared with the wild-type. In addition, the expression of auxin transporter genes CmAUX1, CmLAX2, CmPIN1, CmPIN2, and CmPIN4 was upregulated in the upper axillary bud of CmSWEET17 overexpression lines, while indole-3-acetic acid content decreased. The results suggest that CmSWEET17 could be involved in the process of sucrose-induced axillary bud outgrowth in C. morifolium, possibly via the auxin transport pathway.
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25
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Barbier FF, Dun EA, Kerr SC, Chabikwa TG, Beveridge CA. An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:220-236. [PMID: 30797425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin appears to play a critical role in the modulation of this process in response to the environment. Perception of the recently discovered hormone strigolactone is now quite well understood, while the downstream targets remain largely unknown. Recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud is important for its subsequent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois F Barbier
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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26
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Wang M, Le Moigne MA, Bertheloot J, Crespel L, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Demotes-Mainard S, Hamama L, Davière JM, Sakr S. BRANCHED1: A Key Hub of Shoot Branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:76. [PMID: 30809235 PMCID: PMC6379311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a key process for plant growth and fitness. Newly produced axes result from axillary bud outgrowth, which is at least partly mediated through the regulation of BRANCHED1 gene expression (BRC1/TB1/FC1). BRC1 encodes a pivotal bud-outgrowth-inhibiting transcription factor belonging to the TCP family. As the regulation of BRC1 expression is a hub for many shoot-branching-related mechanisms, it is influenced by endogenous (phytohormones and nutrients) and exogenous (light) inputs, which involve so-far only partly identified molecular networks. This review highlights the central role of BRC1 in shoot branching and its responsiveness to different stimuli, and emphasizes the different knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Crespel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sabine Demotes-Mainard
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
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27
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Sharma M, Kaul S, Dhar MK. Transcript profiling of carotenoid/apocarotenoid biosynthesis genes during corm development of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:249-260. [PMID: 30078109 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The dried stigmas of saffron constitute the world's costliest spice. Saffron has many therapeutic applications due to the presence of apocarotenoids. The latter are synthesized at different stages of development, and the biosynthetic pathway involves several genes encoding different enzymes. In order to understand the differential expression of various genes of the pathway, eight distinct developmental stages (S1-early to S8-late) were identified. The corms were assorted into three groups (I, II, and III) based on corm weight. Expression profiles of 12 carotenoid/apocarotenoid genes were studied. The expression of all genes was minimum/least in groups I and II corms during bud development. Lowest expression of carotenogenic genes (CsPSY, CsPDS, CsZDS, CsCRTISO, CsLYC-β1, CsLYC-ε, CsBCH2, and CsNCED) was observed during early stages (S1-S3) of corm growth (dormant period). In group III corms, increased expression of apocarotenoid genes (CsZCO, CsCCD2, CsUGT, and CsALDH) was observed during S4 to S8 stages (reproductive period, floral differentiation). Besides, expression profiles of genes in apical and axillary buds were also examined. Of all the genes studied, apocarotenoid biosynthesis genes (CsBCH2, CsZCO, CsCCD2, CsALDH, and CsUGT) were found to be upregulated in apical bud than in the axillary bud. The results indicated that interaction of phytohormones and sugars, mother corm reserves and the influence of internal and external factors may be contributing to the growth of saffron corm/bud. The study has laid a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy/growth in saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Sharma
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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28
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Ligaba-Osena A, DiMarco K, Richard TL, Hankoua B. The Maize Corngrass1 miRNA-Regulated Developmental Alterations Are Restored by a Bacterial ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:8581258. [PMID: 30356416 PMCID: PMC6178181 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8581258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop-based bioethanol has raised concerns about competition with food and feed supplies, and technologies for second- and third-generation biofuels are still under development. Alternative feedstocks could fill this gap if they can be converted to biofuels using current sugar- or starch-to-ethanol technologies. The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta. Our findings revealed that expression of Cg1 alone increased shoot branching, delayed flowering, reduced flower organ size, and induced loss of fertility. These changes were fully restored by coexpressing Escherichia coli glgC. The transcript level of miRNA156 target SQUAMOSA promoter binding-like (SPL) transcription factors was suppressed severely in Cg1-expressing lines as compared to the wild type. Expression of glgC alone or in combination with Cg1 enhanced biomass yield and total sugar content per plant, suggesting the potential of these genes in improving economically important biofuel feedstocks. A possible mechanism of the Cg1 phenotype is discussed. However, a more detailed study including genome-wide transcriptome and metabolic analysis is needed to determine the underlying genetic elements and pathways regulating the observed developmental and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- College of Agriculture and Related Sciences, Delaware State University, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Kay DiMarco
- 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tom L. Richard
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 132 Land and Water Research Building, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bertrand Hankoua
- College of Agriculture and Related Sciences, Delaware State University, 1200 N DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA
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29
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Yuan C, Ahmad S, Cheng T, Wang J, Pan H, Zhao L, Zhang Q. Red to Far-Red Light Ratio Modulates Hormonal and Genetic Control of Axillary bud Outgrowth in Chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Jinba'). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061590. [PMID: 29843424 PMCID: PMC6032274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-flower cut Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Jinba') holds a unique status in global floriculture industry. However, the extensive axillary bud outgrowth presents a major drawback. Shade is an environment cue that inhibits shoot branching. Present study was aimed at investigating the effect of ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR) in regulating the lateral bud outgrowth of Chrysanthemum and the detailed mechanism. Results showed that the fate of axillary buds at specific positions in stem exhibited difference in response to R:FR. Decreasing R:FR resulted in elevation of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in axillary buds. Expression of ABA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and strigolactones (SL) -related metabolism and signal transduction genes was significantly changed in response to low R:FR. In addition, low R:FR caused the re-distribution of sucrose across the whole plant, driving more sucrose towards bottom buds. Our results indicate that low R:FR not always inhibits bud outgrowth, rather its influence depends on the bud position in the stem. ABA, SL and auxin pathways were involved in the process. Interestingly, sucrose also appears to be involved in the process which is necessary to pay attention in the further studies. The present study also lays the foundation for developing methods to regulate axillary bud outgrowth in Chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunquan Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huitang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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