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Gaál Z. Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1942. [PMID: 38339220 PMCID: PMC10856342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth JO, Larsson A, Svensson E, Opstad TB. Effects of an Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q 10 on Five Selected Age-Related Biomarkers in Elderly Swedes Low in Selenium: Results That Point to an Anti-Ageing Effect-A Sub-Analysis of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomised Clinical Trial. Cells 2023; 12:1773. [PMID: 37443807 PMCID: PMC10340529 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ageing is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As no single biomarker reflects the full ageing process, we aimed to investigate five CVD- and age-related markers and the effects of selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention to elucidate the mechanisms that may influence the course of ageing. Methods: This is a sub-study of a previous prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial that included 441 subjects low in selenium (mean age 77, 49% women). The active treatment group (n = 220) received 200 µg/day of selenium and 200 mg/day of coenzyme Q10, combined. Blood samples were collected at inclusion and after 48 months for measurements of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), adiponectin, leptin, stem cell factor (SCF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), using ELISAs. Repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA evaluations were used to compare the two groups. In order to better understand and reduce the complexity of the relationship between the biomarkers and age, factor analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed, and a structural model is presented. Results: Correlation analyses of biomarker values at inclusion in relation to age, and relevant markers related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis, demonstrated the biomarkers' association with these pathological processes; however, only ICAM1 and adiponectin were directly correlated with age. SEM analyses showed, however, that the biomarkers ICAM-1, adiponectin, SCF and OPG, but not leptin, all had significant associations with age and formed two independent structural factors, both significantly related to age. While no difference was observed at inclusion, the biomarkers were differently changed in the active treatment and placebo groups (decreasing and increasing levels, respectively) at 48 months (p ≤ 0.02 in all, adjusted), and in the SEM model, they showed an anti-ageing impact. Conclusions: Supplementation with selenium/Q10 influenced the analysed biomarkers in ways indicating an anti-ageing effect, and by applying SEM methodology, the interrelationships between two independent structural factors and age were validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan O. Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2382 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erland Svensson
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden (Ret.)
| | - Trine B. Opstad
- Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Opstad TB, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A, Seljeflot I, Alehagen U. Increased SIRT1 Concentration Following Four Years of Selenium and Q 10 Intervention Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality at 10-Year Follow-Up-Sub-Study of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030759. [PMID: 36979007 PMCID: PMC10045001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium and coenzyme Q10 (SeQ10) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially mediated via Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). We aimed to investigate the influence of a SeQ10 intervention on SIRT1 concentration, with potential interactions with microRNAs. Methods: In this sub-study of a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, healthy subjects (mean age 76 years) were randomized to receive an active treatment (n = 165, combined 200 µg/day of Se and 200 mg/day of Q10) or a placebo (n = 161). SIRT1 concentration and microRNAs were measured with ELISA and PCR, respectively. Results: After four years, SIRT1 concentration was increased in the active treatment group, with mean (SD) ng/mL of 469 (436) vs. 252 (162), p < 0.001, and decreased in the placebo group, 190 (186) vs. 269 (172), p = 0.002, and the differences between the groups were significant (p = 0.006, adjusted). Those who suffered CV death during a 10-year follow-up (n = 25 and n = 52 in the active treatment and placebo groups, respectively) had significantly lower baseline SIRT1 concentrations compared to the survivors (p < 0.001). MiR-130a-3p was significantly downregulated during the intervention and correlated inversely with SIRT1 at baseline (r = -0.466, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The increased SIRT1 concentration after the SeQ10 intervention associated with reduced CV mortality, partly mediated via miR-1303a-3p, suggests that SIRT1 is an additional mediator of the intervention, preventing vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0370 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0370 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Psoriasis: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040840. [PMID: 36839198 PMCID: PMC9958594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with strong genetic links and numerous features of autoimmunity that are also influenced by environment and lifestyle, including nutritional factors and physical activity (PA), with regards to the condition of patients. Recent reports in the field of nutrigenomics indicate a significant impact of nutrients in modulating microRNAs. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of nutritional systems and PA on treating psoriasis. This narrative review updates information regarding the current dietary recommendations for individuals with psoriasis and discusses the role of diet and PA in psoriasis prevention and treatment. Application of nutrigenetics in psoriasis therapy is also discussed. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the MeSH terms for "nutrigenomics", "dietetics", "diet therapy", "diet", "physical activity", and "exercise" in conjunction with the MeSH terms for "psoriasis" and "dermatology". Evidence has shown that patients with psoriasis should have a personalized anti-inflammatory diet. Psoriasis patients are less physically active; most performed exercises of low-to-moderate intensity and were less likely to undertake regular exercise. Identifying nutrigenomic discoveries and the current lifestyle interventions associated with psoriasis can help physicians and physical therapists develop educational programs to manage and protect against the disease.
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Piscopo S, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 in aging and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3907-3919. [PMID: 36300654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Tian FY, Kennedy EM, Hermetz K, Burt A, Everson TM, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Hao K, Chen J, Karagas MR, Koestler DC, Marsit C. Selenium-associated differentially expressed microRNAs and their targeted mRNAs across the placental genome in two U.S. birth cohorts. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1234-1245. [PMID: 34784848 PMCID: PMC9542509 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.2003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an important micronutrient for foetal development. MicroRNAs play an important role in the function of the placenta, in communication between the placenta and maternal systems, and their expression can be altered through environmental and nutritional cues. To investigate the associations between placental selenium concentration and microRNA expression in the placenta, our observational study included 393 mother-child pairs from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) and the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS). Placental selenium concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and microRNA transcripts were measured using RNA-seq. We fit negative binomial additive models for assessing the association between selenium and microRNAs. We used the microRNA Data Integration Portal (mirDIP) to predict the target mRNAs of the differentially expressed microRNAs and verified the relationships between miRNA and mRNA targets in a subset of samples using existing whole transcriptome data (N = 199). We identified a non-monotonic association between selenium concentration and the expression of miR-216a-5p/miR-217-5p cluster (effective degrees of freedom, EDF = 2.44 and 2.08; FDR = 3.08 × 10-5) in placenta. Thirty putative target mRNAs of miR-216a-5p and/or miR-217-5p were identified computationally and empirically and were enriched in selenium metabolic pathways (driven by selenoprotein coding genes, TXNRD2 and SELENON). Our findings suggest that selenium influences placental microRNA expression. Further, miR-216a-5p and its putative target mRNAs could be the potential mechanistic targets of the health effect of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Tian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kennedy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Opstad TB, Alexander J, Aaseth JO, Larsson A, Seljeflot I, Alehagen U. Selenium and Coenzyme Q 10 Intervention Prevents Telomere Attrition, with Association to Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality-Sub-Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163346. [PMID: 36014852 PMCID: PMC9412367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short telomeres have been associated with ageing and cardiovascular disease. The influence on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) of long-term intervention with combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether 42 months of selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation prevented telomere attrition and further cardiovascular mortality. The investigation is an explorative sub-study of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Swedish citizens low in selenium (n = 118), aged 70−80 years, were included. Intervention time was 4 years, with 10 years’ follow-up time. LTL was relatively quantified with PCR at baseline and after 42 months. At baseline, LTL (SD) was 0.954 (0.260) in the active treatment group and 1.018 (0.317) in the placebo group (p = 0.23). At 42 months, less shortening of LTL was observed after active treatment compared with placebo (+0.019 vs. −0.129, respectively, p = 0.02), with a significant difference in change basing the analysis on individual changes in LTL (p < 0.001). Subjects suffering future death presented with significantly shorter LTL at 42 months than survivors [0.791 (0.190) vs. 0.941 (0.279), p = 0.01], with a significant difference in change of LTL according to cardiovascular mortality and survival (p = 0.03). To conclude, preservation of LTL after selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan O. Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Alehagen U, Johansson P, Svensson E, Aaseth J, Alexander J. Improved cardiovascular health by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10: applying structural equation modelling (SEM) to clinical outcomes and biomarkers to explore underlying mechanisms in a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention project in Sweden. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3135-3148. [PMID: 35381849 PMCID: PMC9363287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Selenium and coenzyme Q10 have synergistic antioxidant functions. In a four-year supplemental trial in elderly Swedes with a low selenium status, we found improved cardiac function, less cardiac wall tension and reduced cardiovascular mortality up to 12 years of follow-up. Here we briefly review the main results, including those from studies on biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk that were subsequently conducted. In an effort, to explain underlying mechanisms, we conducted a structured analysis of the inter-relationship between biomarkers. Methods Selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/ day), or placebo was given to 443 elderly community-living persons, for 48 months. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to investigate the statistical inter-relationships between biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin-like growth factor 1, expression of microRNA, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction and their impact on the clinical effects. The main study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov at 30th of September 2011, and has the identifier NCT01443780. Results In addition to positive clinical effects, the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 was also associated with favourable effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Using these results in the SEM model, we showed that the weights of the first-order factors inflammation and oxidative stress were high, together forming a second-order factor inflammation/oxidative stress influencing the factors, fibrosis (β = 0.74; p < 0.001) and myocardium (β = 0.65; p < 0.001). According to the model, the intervention impacted fibrosis and myocardium through these factors, resulting in improved cardiac function and reduced CV mortality. Conclusion Selenium reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. According to the SEM analysis, these effects reduced fibrosis and improved myocardial function pointing to the importance of supplementation in those low on selenium and coenzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403, Oslo, Norway
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Selvam AK, Szekerczés T, Björnstedt S, Razaghi A, Björnstedt M. Methods for accurate and reproducible studies of pharmacological effects of selenium in cancer. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:25-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ghasemloo E, Mostafavi H, Hosseini M, Forouzandeh M, Eskandari M, Mousavi SS. Neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson's model via a novel Q10/miR-149-5p/MMPs pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2089-2100. [PMID: 34357552 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease in which the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms can be constructive in the diagnosis and treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) elevation and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are critical mechanisms involved in the PD separation. Studies have revealed that changes in miR-149-5p and CoQ10 are associated with BBB damage, and CoQ10 can affect the levels of some miRs. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate CoQ10 and miR-149-5p mimic on miR-149-5p, MMPs and TH expression, and behavioral functions of the PD models. PD was induced by injection of 6-OHDA into the rats' Medial Forbrain Bundle (MFB). The behavioral tests, including the Rotation test, Rotarod test, and Open field test, have been directed two weeks after PD induction. Next, the MiR-149-5p mimic (miR-mimic) and CoQ10 have been administered to rats. The same behavioral tests have been evaluated two weeks after administration to investigate the effect of miR-149-5p mimic and CoQ10. The rats were followed extra four weeks, and the behavioral tests have performed again. Finally, the expression of MMPs and miR-149-5p genes was measured using RT-qPCR, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was assessed through immunohistochemistry analysis. According to the obtained results, the level of miR-149-5p has decreased, followed by PD induction in rats. RT-qPCR analysis has represented upregulation and downregulation of miR-149-5p and MMP-2,9, respectively, after miR-mimic and CoQ10 treatment. The treated rats have also represented improved motor function and increased TH + cells in the striatum according to the behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry assay. Taking together miR-149 and CoQ10 has shown to have an impressive potential to prevent damage to dopaminergic neurons caused by 6-OHDA injection through reducing MMP-2,9, increased TH expression, and improved motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemloo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Laboratory Expert Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Saeid Mousavi
- Animal Science Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
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Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Marcheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of Coenzyme Q 10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081325. [PMID: 34439573 PMCID: PMC8389239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10's role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Lauren Elizabeth Millichap
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4394
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Mody D, Verma V, Rani V. Modulating host gene expression via gut microbiome-microRNA interplay to treat human diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:596-611. [PMID: 34407384 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts trillions of microbial inhabitants involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis of which provokes a motley of pathogenic and autoimmune disorders. While the mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates human health are manifold, their liberated metabolites from ingested dietary supplements play a crucial role by bidirectionally regulating the expression of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs). miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been confirmed to be involved in an interplay with microbiota to regulate host gene expression. This comprehensive review focuses on key principles of miRNAs, their regulation, and crosstalk with gut microbiota to influence host gene expression in various human disorders, by bringing together important recent findings centric around miRNA-microbiota interactions in diseases along various axis of the gut with other organs. We also attempt to lay emphasis on exploiting the avenues of gut-directed miRNA therapeutics using rudimentary dietary supplements to regulate abnormal host gene expression in diseases, opening doors to an accessible and economical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepansh Mody
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Vedika Verma
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
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Mantilla-Escalante DC, López de Las Hazas MC, Crespo MC, Martín-Hernández R, Tomé-Carneiro J, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Salas-Salvadó J, Bulló M, Dávalos A. Mediterranean diet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts modulates circulating exosomal non-coding RNAs. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4279-4293. [PMID: 34027583 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which can transport different molecules, including nucleic acids. Dietary habits may induce gene regulation through the modulation of exosomal RNAs. We aimed at characterizing exosomal lncRNAs, mRNA and miRNAs modulation after a 1-year adherence to a low-fat diet (LFD) or to Mediterranean-based diets enriched in extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or in a mixture of nuts (MedDiet + Nuts). METHODS Plasma samples were collected, at baseline and after 1 year of dietary interventions, from 150 participants included in the PREDIMED study (Reus Center). LncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were isolated from plasma exosomes and screened. RT-qPCR validation was performed for miRNAs. RESULTS Compared with LFD, 413 lncRNAs and 188 mRNAs, and 476 lncRNAs and 235 mRNAs were differentially modulated in response to the MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + Nuts interventions, respectively. In addition, after 1 year of dietary interventions, 26 circulating miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between groups. After 1 year of intervention, 11 miRNAs significantly changed in LFD group, while 8 and 21 were modulated in response to the MedDiet enriched with EVOO or nuts, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs and their validated target genes suggest certain metabolic pathways are modulated by LFD (PI3K-Akt and AMPK), MedDiet + EVOO (PI3K-Akt, NF-kappa B, HIF-1, and insulin resistance), and MedDiet-Nuts (FoxO, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, p53 and HIF-1) interventions. CONCLUSION Results show that 1-year MedDiet + Nuts and MedDiet + EVOO dietary interventions modulate exosomal RNA content, with the former affecting a higher number of miRNAs. The modulation of exosomal RNAs could help explain how the adherence to a Mediterranean diet may lead to beneficial effects and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Canto Blanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Mónica Bulló
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang X, Dong YL, Li T, Xiong W, Zhang X, Wang PJ, Huang JQ. Dietary Selenium Regulates microRNAs in Metabolic Disease: Recent Progress. Nutrients 2021; 13:1527. [PMID: 34062793 PMCID: PMC8147315 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for the maintenance of a healthy physiological state. However, due to environmental and dietary factors and the narrow safety range of Se, diseases caused by Se deficiency or excess have gained considerable traction in recent years. In particular, links have been identified between low Se status, cognitive decline, immune disorders, and increased mortality, whereas excess Se increases metabolic risk. Considerable evidence has suggested microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate interactions between the environment (including the diet) and genes, and play important roles in several diseases, including cancer. MiRNAs target messenger RNAs to induce changes in proteins including selenoprotein expression, ultimately generating disease. While a plethora of data exists on the epigenetic regulation of other dietary factors, nutrient Se epigenetics and especially miRNA regulated mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review mainly focuses on Se metabolism, pathogenic mechanisms, and miRNAs as key regulatory factors in Se-related diseases. Finally, we attempt to clarify the regulatory mechanisms underpinning Se, miRNAs, selenoproteins, and Se-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu-Lan Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Peng-Jie Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.H.); (Y.-L.D.); (T.L.); (W.X.); (X.Z.); (P.-J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Shidal C, Yoon HS, Zheng W, Wu J, Franke AA, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Cai Q. Prospective study of plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 and lung cancer risk in a low-income population in the Southeastern United States. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1439-1447. [PMID: 33547884 PMCID: PMC7926017 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous molecule in living organisms serving as a cofactor in energy production. Epidemiological studies have reported low CoQ10 levels being associated with an increased risk of various cancers. We conducted the first study to evaluate the association of CoQ10 concentrations with lung cancer risk. Methods A nested case‐control study including 201 lung cancer cases and 395 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study was conducted. Plasma CoQ10 levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photo‐diode array detection. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk. Results Plasma CoQ10 concentration was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status, the OR (95% CI) comparing the third to first tertile was 0.57 (0.36–0.91, P for trend = 0.02). Further adjustments for smoking, alcohol, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and body mass index attenuated the point estimate slightly (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.34–1.08, P for trend = 0.11), comparing third to first tertiles. Stratified analyses identified a significant inverse association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk in current smokers, but not in former/never smokers. The association was more evident in cases who were diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw than in cases diagnosed after 1 year. Conclusions Low plasma CoQ10 was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk, particularly among current smokers. The stronger association seen shortly following the blood draw suggests that CoQ10 may be related to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Shidal
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Ghasemloo E, Oryan S, Bigdeli MR, Mostafavi H, Eskandari M. The neuroprotective effect of MicroRNA-149-5p and coenzymeQ10 by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases following focal brain ischemia in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:205-213. [PMID: 33508402 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The increase in some factors following cerebral ischemia, especially Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and inflammatory factors lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damages, edema and neuronal death. Previous studies have shown that these molecules are miRNA-149-5p (miR-149) and Coenzyme (Co) Q10 targets. Therefore, in this study, the effect of mimic of miRNA-149-5p (mimic miR) and CoQ10 on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 and inflammatory cytokines following injury caused by cerebral ischemia is investigated. Cerebral ischemia was modeled by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham (without surgery and treatment), control (MCAO), negative control (NC): MCAO + scrambled miR, vehicle: MCAO + Ethanole, first treatment: MCAO + mimic miR, second treatment: MCAO + Q10. Each group was divided into 6 subgroups to evaluate neurological defects, the volume of tissue damage using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, blood-brain barrier permeability using cerebral Evans Blue (EB) staining, edema by measuring the percentage of brain water, MMP-2,9 mRNA and miR-149-5p levels using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins using ELISA. The data obtained from this study showed that the use of mimic miR and Q10 increased the level of miR-149, decreased the extent of neurological defects and tissue damage, increased BBB integrity, decreased brain water percentage and also decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. It seems that the use mimic of miRNA-149-5p and Q10 can have a protective effect on the brain by reducing MMPs and inflammatory factors following cerebral ischemia and this could lead to a new treatment strategy to reduce the complications of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemloo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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17
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Liu T, Gatto NM, Chen Z, Qiu H, Lee G, Duerksen-Hughes P, Fraser G, Wang C. Vegetarian diets, circulating miRNA expression and healthspan in subjects living in the Blue Zone. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:245-259. [PMID: 33391847 PMCID: PMC7757436 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term vegetarian diet plays a role in the longevity and maintenance of the healthspan, but the underlying mechanisms for these observations are largely unknown. Particularly, it is not known whether a long-term vegetarian dietary pattern may affect the circulating miRNA expression in such a way as to modulate the healthspan. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort includes a large number of older adults who primarily follow vegetarian dietary patterns and reside in Loma Linda, California, one of five “Blue Zones” in the world in which a higher proportion of the population enjoys a longer than average lifespan. We performed miRNA-seq in 96 subjects selected from the AHS-2 cohort with different dietary patterns. We identified several differentially expressed miRNAs between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, which are involved in immune response and cytokine signaling, cell growth and proliferation as well as age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, our study showed that a vegetarian diet modulates aging-associated circulating miRNAs in a sex-dependent manner of differential expression for certain miRNAs, which may be related in a beneficial manner to the healthspan. Further investigation is needed to validate these miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diet-modulated longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nicole M Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institution of Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Gary Fraser
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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18
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Panico A, Tumolo MR, Leo CG, Donno AD, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Serio F, Idolo A, Masi RD, Mincarone P, Sabina S. The influence of lifestyle factors on miRNA expression and signal pathways: a review. Epigenomics 2020; 13:145-164. [PMID: 33355508 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'lifestyle' includes different factors that contribute to the maintenance of a good health status. Increasing evidences suggest that lifestyle factors may influence epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNAs expression. The dysregulation of miRNAs can modify the expression of genes and molecular pathways that may lead to functional alterations. This review summarizes human studies highlighting that diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption may affect the miRNA machinery and several biological functions. Most miRNAs are involved in molecular pathways that influence inflammation, cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis resulting in the onset or progression of pathological conditions. Investigating these interactions will be pivotal for understanding the etiology of pathologic processes, the potential new treatment strategies and for preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Maria R Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population & Social Policies, National Research Council, Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Piazza Di Summa, Brindisi, 72100, Italy
| | - Carlo G Leo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Branch of Lecce, c/o Ecotekne via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Roberto De Masi
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, 'F. Ferrari' Hospital, Casarano, Lecce, 73042, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Mincarone
- Institute for Research on Population & Social Policies, National Research Council, Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Piazza Di Summa, Brindisi, 72100, Italy
| | - Saverio Sabina
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Branch of Lecce, c/o Ecotekne via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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19
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res 2020; 70:29-49. [PMID: 33231704 PMCID: PMC7684853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed. Methods Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper. Conclusion Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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21
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García-García FJ, Monistrol-Mula A, Cardellach F, Garrabou G. Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2785. [PMID: 32933003 PMCID: PMC7551996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world's population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Josep García-García
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Monistrol-Mula
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.G.-G.); (A.M.-M.); (F.C.)
- CIBERER—Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Nedoszytko B, Reich A, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Bartosiñska J, Batycka-Baran A, Czajkowski R, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Górecka-Sokołowska M, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Kalinowski L, Krasowska D, Radulska A, Reszka E, Samotij D, Słominski A, Słominski R, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Stawczyk-Macieja M, Strapagiel D, Szczêch J, Żmijewski M, Nowicki RJ. Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the "omic" era. Part III. Metabolic disorders, metabolomics, nutrigenomics in psoriasis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:452-467. [PMID: 32994764 PMCID: PMC7507147 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.98284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic disease that is strictly connected with metabolic disorders (insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases). It occurs more often in patients with a more severe course of the disease. Obesity is specially an independent risk factor and it is associated with a worse treatment outcome because of the high inflammatory activity of visceral fatty tissue and the production of inflammatory mediators involved in the development of both psoriasis and metabolic disorders. However, in psoriasis the activation of the Th17/IL-17 and the abnormalities in the Th17/Treg balance axis are observed, but this pathomechanism does not fully explain the frequent occurrence of metabolic disorders. Therefore, there is a need to look for better biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of concomitant disorders and therapeutic effects in psoriasis. In addition, the education on the use of a proper diet as a prophylaxis for the development of the above disorders is an important element of holistic care for a patient with psoriasis. Diet may affect gene expression due to epigenetic modification which encompasses interactions of environment, nutrition and diseases. Patients with psoriasis should be advised to adopt proper diet and dietician support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartosiñska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Batycka-Baran
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Immunodermatology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
- Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Samotij
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Słominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Radomir Słominski
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Marta Stawczyk-Macieja
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Szczêch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michał Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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The Effect of Methylselenocysteine and Sodium Selenite Treatment on microRNA Expression in Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2669-2681. [PMID: 32656599 PMCID: PMC7471166 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The unique character of selenium compounds, including sodium selenite and Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC), is that they exert cytotoxic effects on neoplastic cells, providing a great potential for treating cancer cells being highly resistant to cytostatic drugs. However, selenium treatment may affect microRNA (miRNA) expression as the pattern of circulating miRNAs changed in a placebo-controlled selenium supplement study. This necessitates exploring possible changes in the expression profiles of miRNAs. For this, miRNAs being critical for liver function were selected and their expression was measured in hepatocellular carcinoma (HLE and HLF) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (TFK-1 and HuH-28) using individual TaqMan MicroRNA Assays following selenite or MSC treatments. For establishing tolerable concentrations, IC50 values were determined by performing SRB proliferation assays. The results revealed much lower IC50 values for selenite (from 2.7 to 11.3 μM) compared to MSC (from 79.5 to 322.6 μM). The treatments resulted in cell line-dependent miRNA expression patterns, with all miRNAs found to show fold change differences; however, only a few of these changes were statistically different in treated cells compared to untreated cells below IC50. Namely, miR-199a in HLF, miR-143 in TFK-1 upon MSC treatment, miR-210 in HLF and TFK-1, miR-22, -24, -122, -143 in HLF upon selenite treatment. Fold change differences revealed that miR-122 with both selenium compounds, miR-199a with MSC and miR-22 with selenite were affected. The miRNAs showing minimal alterations included miR-125b and miR-194. In conclusion, our results revealed moderately altered miRNA expression in the cell lines (less alterations following MSC treatment), being miR-122, -199a the most affected and miR-125b, -194 the least altered miRNAs upon selenium treatment.
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Chi Q, Luan Y, Zhang Y, Hu X, Li S. The regulatory effects of miR-138-5p on selenium deficiency-induced chondrocyte apoptosis are mediated by targeting SelM. Metallomics 2020; 11:845-857. [PMID: 30869711 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a common paradigm of cell death and plays a key role in cartilage damage and selenium (Se) deficiency. Selenoproteins play major roles in determining the biological effects of Se, and are potentially involved in the pathophysiological processes in bone tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Based on the preliminary results, the expression of selenoprotein M (SelM) was significantly decreased (69%) in chicken cartilage tissues with Se deficiency, and we subsequently screened and verified that SelM is one of the target genes of miR-138-5p in chicken cartilage using a dual luciferase reporter assay and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of miR-138-5p was increased in response to Se deficiency, and the overexpression of miR-138-5p increased caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX and BAK levels, while the BCL-2 level was decreased, suggesting that miR-138-5p induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in vivo and in vitro. We explored whether oxidative stress, mitochondrial fission and fusion, and energy metabolism might trigger apoptosis to obtain an understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-138-5p on Se deficiency-induced apoptosis in cartilage. The levels of indicators of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism were changed as well. This study confirmed that SelM is one of the target genes of miR-138-5p, and the overexpression of miR-138-5p induced by Se deficiency triggered oxidative stress, an imbalance in mitochondrial fission and fusion, and energy metabolism dysfunction. Therefore, miR-138-5p is involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway via targeting SelM in chicken chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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25
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Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A, Lindahl TL. Significant decrease of von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by providing supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to an elderly population with a low selenium status. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3581-3590. [PMID: 32078064 PMCID: PMC7669787 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are conditions which fuel atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease. We have previously reported reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality following supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to 443 elderly individuals with low selenium status (mean 67 μg/L) for 4 years. Here, we wanted to evaluate a possible association between the supplementation and the plasma concentrations of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as they, besides other functions, are also strongly associated with endothelial function. Methods In this sub-study, 308 individuals (active substance: 157, placebo: 151) were included. Blood samples were drawn after 6 and 36 months and vWf and PAI-1 were determined in plasma by ELISA. Changes in concentrations of the biomarkers were evaluated by the use of T tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses. Results The active treatment group presented a lower level of vWf after 36 months compared with the placebo group (1.08 U/mL vs. 5.10 U/mL; p = 0.0007). The results were validated through the repeated measures of variance evaluation. The PAI-1 levels showed an equally significant decrease in the active group (26.2 ng/mL vs. 49.2 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and were also validated through repeated measures of variance evaluation. Conclusion In this sub-study on elderly receiving selenium and coenzyme Q10, or placebo we found significantly lower levels of vWf and PAI-1 in the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group. We interpret this as a better endothelial function because of the intervention, which accords with a previous finding of reduced CV mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - J Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - A Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T L Lindahl
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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26
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Kocic H, Damiani G, Stamenkovic B, Tirant M, Jovic A, Tiodorovic D, Peris K. Dietary compounds as potential modulators of microRNA expression in psoriasis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319864805. [PMID: 31431821 PMCID: PMC6686315 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319864805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomic DNA reprogramming in different chronic diseases and cancer has been assessed through the stimulation of gene expression and mRNA synthesis versus DNA silencing by CpG DNA modification (methylation); histone modification (acetylation, methylation) and expression of small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs). With regard to the specific nutrigenomic effects in psoriasis, the influence of specific diets on inflammatory cell signaling transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Wnt signaling pathways, on disease-related specific cytokine expression, pro/antioxidant balance, keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis and on proliferation/differentiation ratio have been documented; however, the influence of dietary compounds on the balance between 'good and bad' miRNA expression has not been considered. This review aims to summarize knowledge about aberrant microRNAs expression in psoriasis and to emphasize the potential impact of some dietary compounds on endogenous miRNA synthesis in experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro. Among the aberrantly expressed miRNAs in psoriasis, one of the most prominently upregulated seems to be miR-21. The beneficial effects of phenolic compounds (curcumin and resveratrol), vitamin D, methyl donors, and omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) are discussed. Highly expressed miR-155 has been downregulated by flavonoids (through a quercetin-rich diet) and by vitamin D. Quercetin has been effective in modulating miR-146a. On the other hand, downregulated miR-125b expression was restored by vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10 and by microelement selenium. In conclusion, the miRNA profile, together with other 'omics', may constitute a multifaceted approach to explore the impact of diet on psoriasis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Kocic
- Clinic for Dermatology Clinical Center University Nis, Klinicki Centar Nis, Bul Dr Zorana Djindjica 48, Nis, 18000, Serbia
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Unita Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bojana Stamenkovic
- Department of Rheumatology, Institut za Kardiovaskularne Bolesti Niska Banja University Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Andrija Jovic
- Dermatology, Clinic for Dermatology University Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Danica Tiodorovic
- Dermatology, Clinic for Dermatology, Medical Faculty University Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Ketty Peris
- Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University, Roma, Italy
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Kura B, Parikh M, Slezak J, Pierce GN. The Influence of Diet on MicroRNAs that Impact Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081509. [PMID: 30999630 PMCID: PMC6514571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Food quality and nutritional habits strongly influence human health status. Extensive research has been conducted to confirm that foods rich in biologically active nutrients have a positive impact on the onset and development of different pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which dietary compounds regulate cardiovascular function have not yet been fully clarified. A growing number of studies confirm that bioactive food components modulate various signaling pathways which are involved in heart physiology and pathology. Recent evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded RNA chains with a powerful ability to influence protein expression in the whole organism, have a significant role in the regulation of cardiovascular-related pathways. This review summarizes recent studies dealing with the impact of some biologically active nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins E and D, dietary fiber, or selenium on the expression of many miRNAs, which are connected with cardiovascular diseases. Current research indicates that the expression levels of many cardiovascular-related miRNAs like miRNA-21, -30 family, -34, -155, or -199 can be altered by foods and dietary supplements in various animal and human disease models. Understanding the dietary modulation of miRNAs represents, therefore, an important field for further research. The acquired knowledge may be used in personalized nutritional prevention of cardiovascular disease or the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Jan Slezak
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
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Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A. Decrease in inflammatory biomarker concentration by intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10: a subanalysis of osteopontin, osteoprotergerin, TNFr1, TNFr2 and TWEAK. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30923464 PMCID: PMC6421641 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, and increase cardiac function in elderly persons with a low intake of selenium. There are indications that one of the mechanisms of this positive effect is a decrease in inflammation. Methods Osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, sTNF receptor 1, sTNF receptor 2 and the tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis called TWEAK, were determined in plasma after 6 months and 42 months in 219 community-living elderly persons, of whom 119 received supplements of selenium (200 μg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day), and 101 received a placebo. Repeated measures of variance were used to evaluate the levels, and the results were validated through ANCOVA analyses with adjustments for important covariates. Results Significantly lower concentrations of four of the five biomarkers for inflammation were observed as a result of the intervention with the supplements. Only TWEAK did not show significant differences. Conclusion In this sub-analysis of the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 or placebo in an elderly community-living population, biomarkers for inflammation were evaluated. A significantly lower concentration in four of the five biomarkers tested could be demonstrated as a result of the supplementation, indicating a robust effect on the inflammatory system. The decrease in inflammation could be one of the mechanisms behind the positive clinical results on reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reported earlier as a result of the intervention. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, but nonetheless adds important data about mechanisms presently known to increase the risk of clinical effects such as reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function and better health-related quality of life scoring, as previously demonstrated in the active treatment group . Trial registration The intervention study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, and has the identifier NCT01443780 and registered on 09/30/2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- 2Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- 3Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,4Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2411 Elverum, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Important drug-micronutrient interactions: A selection for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:257-275. [PMID: 30580552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1522613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between drugs and micronutrients have received only little or no attention in the medical and pharmaceutical world in the past. Since more and more pharmaceutics are used for the treatment of patients, this topic is increasingly relevant. As such interactions - depending on the duration of treatment and the status of micronutrients - impact the health of the patient and the action of the drugs, physicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to such interactions in the future. This review aims to sensitize physicians and pharmacists on drug micronutrient interactions with selected examples of widely pescribed drugs that can precipitate micronutrient deficiencies. In this context, the pharmacist, as a drug expert, assumes a particular role. Like no other professional in the health care sector, he is particularly predestined and called up to respond to this task. The following article intends to point out the relevance of mutual interactions between micronutrients and various examples of widely used drugs, without claiming to be exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kisters
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
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30
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Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Villalba JM, Lopez-Miranda J. Coenzyme Q10: From bench to clinic in aging diseases, a translational review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2240-2257. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1442316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine/IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Alexander J, Svensson E, Johansson P, Larsson A. Less fibrosis in elderly subjects supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10-A mechanism behind reduced cardiovascular mortality? Biofactors 2018; 44:137-147. [PMID: 29220105 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an intervention study where 221 healthy elderly persons received selenium and coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement, and 222 received placebo for 4 years we observed improved cardiac function and reduced cardiovascular mortality. As fibrosis is central in the aging process, we investigated the effect of the intervention on biomarkers of fibrogenic activity in a subanalysis of this intervention study. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present subanalysis 122 actively treated individuals and 101 controls, the effect of the treatment on eight biomarkers of fibrogenic activity were assessed. These biomarkers were: Cathepsin S, Endostatin, Galectin 3, Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 and 9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST-2). Blood concentrations of these biomarkers after 6 and 42 months were analyzed by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance, and factor analyses. RESULTS Compared with placebo, in those receiving supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, all biomarkers except ST2 showed significant decreased concentrations in blood. The changes in concentrations, that is, effects sizes as given by partial eta2 caused by the intervention were considered small to medium. CONCLUSION The significantly decreased biomarker concentrations in those on active treatment with selenium and coenzyme Q10 compared with those on placebo after 36 months of intervention presumably reflect less fibrogenic activity as a result of the intervention. These observations might indicate that reduced fibrosis precedes the reported improvement in cardiac function, thereby explaining some of the positive clinical effects caused by the intervention. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):137-147, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital, and Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway
| | | | - Erland Svensson
- Retired, former Swedish Defence Research Agency, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Social and Welfare studies. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Insights on Localized and Systemic Delivery of Redox-Based Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2468457. [PMID: 29636836 PMCID: PMC5832094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2468457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are indispensable in cellular physiology and signaling. Overproduction of these reactive species or failure to maintain their levels within the physiological range results in cellular redox dysfunction, often termed cellular oxidative stress. Redox dysfunction in turn is at the molecular basis of disease etiology and progression. Accordingly, antioxidant intervention to restore redox homeostasis has been pursued as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders among many others. Despite preliminary success in cellular and animal models, redox-based interventions have virtually been ineffective in clinical trials. We propose the fundamental reason for their failure is a flawed delivery approach. Namely, systemic delivery for a geographically local disease limits the effectiveness of the antioxidant. We take a critical look at the literature and evaluate successful and unsuccessful approaches to translation of redox intervention to the clinical arena, including dose, patient selection, and delivery approach. We argue that when interpreting a failed antioxidant-based clinical trial, it is crucial to take into account these variables and importantly, whether the drug had an effect on the redox status. Finally, we propose that local and targeted delivery hold promise to translate redox-based therapies from the bench to the bedside.
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Schofield K. The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1511. [PMID: 29206191 PMCID: PMC5750929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many published studies have illustrated that several of the present day neurological epidemics (autism, attention deficit disorder, Alzheimer's) cannot be correlated to any single neurotoxicant. However, the present scientific examination of the numerous global blood monitoring databases for adults that include the concentrations of the neurotoxic elements, aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) clearly indicate that, when considered in combination, for some, the human body may become easily over-burdened. This can be explained by changes in modern lifestyles. Similar data, solely for pregnant women, have been examined confirming this. All these elements are seen to be present in the human body and at not insignificant magnitudes. Currently suggested minimum risk levels (MRL) for humans are discussed and listed together with averages of the reported distributions, together with their spread and maximum values. One observation is that many distributions for pregnant women are not too dissimilar from those of general populations. Women obviously have their individual baseline of neurotoxin values before pregnancy and any efforts to modify this to any significant degree is not yet clearly apparent. For any element, distribution shapes are reasonably similar showing broad distributions with extended tails with numerous outlier values. There are a certain fraction of people that lie well above the MRL values and may be at risk, especially if genetically susceptible. Additionally, synergistic effects between neurotoxins and with other trace metals are now also being reported. It appears prudent for women of child-bearing age to establish their baseline values well before pregnancy. Those at risk then can be better identified. Adequate instrumental testing now is commercially available for this. In addition, directives are necessary for vaccination programs to use only non-neurotoxic adjuvants, especially for young children and all women of child-bearing ages. Additionally, clearer directives concerning fish consumption must now be reappraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Schofield
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA.
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Quintanilha BJ, Reis BZ, Duarte GBS, Cozzolino SMF, Rogero MM. Nutrimiromics: Role of microRNAs and Nutrition in Modulating Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111168. [PMID: 29077020 PMCID: PMC5707640 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrimiromics studies the influence of the diet on the modification of gene expression due to epigenetic processes related to microRNAs (miRNAs), which may affect the risk for the development of chronic diseases. miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that are usually involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression by binding to a target messenger RNA. They can be controlled by environmental and dietary factors, particularly by isolated nutrients or bioactive compounds, indicating that diet manipulation may hold promise as a therapeutic approach in modulating the risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of nutrients and bioactive compounds on the expression of miRNAs related to inflammation and chronic disease in several models (cell culture, animal models, and human trials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna J Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Z Reis
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Graziela B Silva Duarte
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M F Cozzolino
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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