1
|
Fu Z, Chen P, Li Y, Luo K, Lin P, Li Y, Yang H, Yuan X, Peng X, Yang L, Pu T, Wu Y, Wang X, Yang W, Yong T. Effects of N levels on land productivity and N 2O emissions in maize-soybean relay intercropping. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:8823-8836. [PMID: 38980001 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relay intercropping of maize and soybean can improve land productivity. However, the mechanism behind N2O emissions in this practice remains unclear. A two-factor randomized block field trial was conducted to reveal the mechanism of N2O emissions in a full additive maize-soybean relay intercropping. Factor A was three cropping systems - that is, monoculture maize (Zea mays L.), monoculture soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and maize-soybean relay intercropping. Factor B was different N supply, containing no N, reduced N and conventional N. Differences in N2O emissions, soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial communities and yield advantage were evaluated. RESULTS The land equivalent ratio was 1.55-2.44, and the cumulative N2O emission ( C E N 2 O ) was notably lower by 60.2% in intercropping than in monoculture, respectively. Reduced N declined C E N 2 O without penalty on the yield advantages. The relay intercropping shifted soil properties - for example, soil organic matter, total N,NH 4 + and protease activity - and improved the soil microorganism community - for example, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Intercropping reduced C E N 2 O by directly suppressing nirS- and amoA-regulated N2O generation during soil N cycling, or nirS- and amoA-mediated soil properties shifted to reduce C E N 2 O indirectly. Reduced N directly reduced C E N 2 O by decreasing soil N content and reducing soil microorganism activities to alleviate N2O produced in soil N cycling. CONCLUSION Conducting a full additive maize-soybean relay intercropping with reduced nitrogen supply provides a way to alleviate N2O emissions without the penalty on the yield advantage by changing rhizosphere bacterial communities and soil N cycling. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Lida Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin Z, Price GW, Liang C, Burton DL, Lynch DH. Effects on soil carbon storage from municipal biosolids application to agricultural fields. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 361:121249. [PMID: 38820792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of biosolid applications on soil carbon storage and evaluated nutrient management strategies affecting soil carbon dynamics. The research assessed alterations in soil pH, soil carbon stock, and soil nitrogen content within short-term and long-term biosolids-amended soils in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, Canada, extending to a depth of 0-60 cm. The findings indicated an increase in soil pH with alkaline treatment biosolids (ATB) applications across both study sites, with a legacy effect on soil pH noted in the long-term biosolids-amended soil following a single ATB application over 13 years. Both sites demonstrated significant increases in soil total carbon (STC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) within the 0-30 cm soil depth after biosolid application, and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accounted for approximately 5-10% of STC, specifically in the surface soil layer (0-15 cm). In the long-term study site, annual 14, 28 and 42 Mg ATB ha-1 treatments resulted in a substantial rise in soil carbon stock (59.5, 60.1 and 68.0 Mg C ha-1), marking a 25% increase compared to control soil. The SOC content in biosolids-amended soil showed a declining trend with increasing soil depth at both study sites. Notably, the carbon stock in the short-term site was observed in composted biosolids (COMP) > ATB > liquid mesophilic anaerobically digested biosolids (LMAD) from the 0-60 cm soil depth. Approximately 79-80% of the variation in SOC response at both sites was concentrated within the top 30 cm soil. Soil total nitrogen (STN) showed no significant differences at the short-term site, and STN in biosolids-amended soil decreased with increasing soil depth at the long-term site. Biosolids-induced C retention coefficients (BCR) for ATB remained consistent at both sites, ranging from -13% to 31.4% with a mean of 11.12%. BCR values for COMP ranged from 1.9% to 34.4% with a mean of 18.73%, while those for LMAD exhibited variability, spanning from -6.2% to 106.3% with a mean of 53.9%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheya Lin
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Chang Liang
- Pollutant Inventories and Reporting Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, PVMA, 5th Floor, 351 St-Joseph Blvd., Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - David L Burton
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Derek H Lynch
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng X, Ren J, Chen P, Yang L, Luo K, Yuan X, Lin P, Fu Z, Li Y, Li Y, Yang W, Yong T. Effects of soil physicochemical environment on the plasticity of root growth and land productivity in maize soybean relay strip intercropping system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3865-3882. [PMID: 38217341 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil is a key foundation of crop root growth. There are interactions between root system and soil in multiple ways. The present study aimed to further explore the response of root distribution and morphology to soil physical and chemical environment under maize (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) relay strip intercropping (MS) An experiment was carried out aiming to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) applications and interspecific distances on root system and soil environment in MS. The two N application levels, referred to as no N application (NN) and conventional N application (CN), were paired with different interspecific distances: 30, 45 and 60 cm (MS30, MS45 and MS60) and 100 cm of monoculture maize and soybean (MM/SS100). RESULTS The results demonstrated that MS45 increased the distribution of soil aggregates (> 2 mm) near the crop roots and maize soil nutrients status, which increased by 20.3% and 15.6%. Meanwhile, MS reduced soil bulk density, increased soil porosity and improved soil oxygen content. Optimization of the soil environment facilitated root growth. The MS45 achieved a better result on root distribution and morphology than the other configuration and also increased land productivity. CONCLUSION Relay intercropped soybean with maize in interspecific row spacing of 45 cm, improved soil physicochemical environment, reshaped root architecture and optimized root spatial distribution of crops to achieve greater land productivity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Peng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Ren
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Lida Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhidan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Wang L, Chang L, Khan I, Nadeem F, Rehman A, Suo R. Evaluating the influence of straw mulching and intercropping on nitrogen uptake, crop growth, and yield performance in maize and soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280382. [PMID: 37900744 PMCID: PMC10611467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Intercropping and straw mulching are sustainable agricultural practices that can positively affect crop growth and development, especially together. Methods A split-plot experimental design was used to investigate the effects of intercropping and straw mulching on crop growth, crop yield, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthetic characteristics. The main plot focused on three planting patterns: soybean monoculture (S), maize monoculture (M), and maize/soybean intercropping (I). The subplot structure consisted of four levels of straw mulching (0, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6 t ha-1). Results Interaction and variance analyses showed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction had significant effects on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, photosynthetic characteristics, and crop yield. Based on two-year averages for maize and soybean, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was up to 51.6% higher, stomatal conductance (Sc) was up to 44.0% higher, transpiration rate (Tr) was up to 46.6% higher, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was up to 25.7% lower relative to no mulching. The maximum increases of Pn, Sc, and Tr of intercropped maize were 15.48%, 17.28%, and 23.94%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 17.75% lower than that of monoculture maize. The maximum increase of Pn, Sc, and Tr of monoculture soybean was 24.58%, 16.90%, and 17.91%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 13.85% lower than that of intercropped soybean. The nitrogen uptake of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 24.3% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment; the nitrogen uptake of intercropped maize was 34.2% higher than that of monoculture maize, and the nitrogen uptake of monoculture soybean was 15.0% higher than that of intercropped soybean. The yield of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 66.6% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment, the maize yield under intercropping was 15.4% higher than that under monoculture, and the yield of monoculture soybean was 9.03% higher than that of intercropped soybean. Discussion The growth index and photosynthesis of crops are important parts of yield formation. The results of this study confirmed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction can ultimately increase crop yield by improving crop growth, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthesis. This result can be used as the theoretical basis for the combined application of these measures in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siping Liu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Chang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ismail Khan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Faisal Nadeem
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, DI Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ran Suo
- Quality Supervision Department, Chaoyang City Water Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Station, Chaoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raza MA, Din AMU, Zhiqi W, Gul H, Ur Rehman S, Bukhari B, Haider I, Rahman MHU, Liang X, Luo S, El Sabagh A, Qin R, Zhongming M. Spatial differences influence nitrogen uptake, grain yield, and land-use advantage of wheat/soybean relay intercropping systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16916. [PMID: 37805552 PMCID: PMC10560251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal/legume intercropping is becoming a popular production strategy for higher crop yields and net profits with reduced inputs and environmental impact. However, the effects of different spatial arrangements on the growth, grain yield, nitrogen uptake, and land-use advantage of wheat/soybean relay intercropping are still unclear, particularly under arid irrigated conditions. Therefore, in a three-year field study from 2018 to 2021, soybean was relay intercropped with wheat in different crop configurations (0.9 m, narrow strips; 1.8 m, medium strips; and 2.7 m, wide strips), and the results of intercropping systems were compared with their sole systems. Results revealed that intercrops with wide strips outperformed the narrow and medium strips, when the objective was to obtain higher total leaf area, dry matter, nitrogen uptake, and grain yield on a given land area due to reduced interspecific competition between intercrops. Specifically, at maturity, wide strips increased the dry matter accumulation (37% and 58%) and its distribution in roots (37% and 55%), straw (40% and 61%), and grains (30% and 46%) of wheat and soybean, respectively, compared to narrow strips. This enhanced dry matter in wide strips improved the soybean's competitive ability (by 17%) but reduced the wheat's competitive ability (by 12%) compared with narrow strips. Noticeably, all intercropping systems accumulated a significantly higher amount of nitrogen than sole systems, revealing that wheat/soybean relay intercropping requires fewer anthropogenic inputs (nitrogen) and exerts less pressure on the ecosystem than sole systems. Overall, in wide strips, intercropped wheat and soybean achieved 62% and 71% of sole wheat and soybean yield, respectively, which increased the greater total system yield (by 19%), total land equivalent ratio (by 24%), and net profit (by 34%) of wide strips compared to narrow strips. Our study, therefore, implies that the growth parameters, grain yields, nutrient accumulation, and land-use advantage of intercrop species could be improved with the proper spatial arrangement in cereal/legume intercropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wang Zhiqi
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hina Gul
- National Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ur Rehman
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Birra Bukhari
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Imran Haider
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Xue Liang
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ruijun Qin
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
| | - Ma Zhongming
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen P, Feng L, Yang F, Raza MA. Editorial: Ecological, efficient and low-carbon cereal-legume intercropping systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273675. [PMID: 37692440 PMCID: PMC10484646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shao M, Wang C, Zhou L, Peng F, Zhang G, Gao J, Chen S, Zhao Q. Rhizosphere soil properties of waxy sorghum under different row ratio configurations in waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping systems. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288076. [PMID: 37410726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the continuous planting obstacle and promote the sustainable production of waxy sorghum, a two-years field experiment was performed to determine the responses of waxy sorghum rhizosphere soil properties to different row ratio configurations in waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping systems. The treatments included five row ratio configurations, which were two rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with one row of soybean (2W1S), two rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with two rows of soybean (2W2S), three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with one row of soybean (3W1S), three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with two rows of soybean (3W2S), and three rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with three rows of soybean (3W3S), and sole cropping waxy sorghum (SW) was used as control. The nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbes of waxy sorghum rhizosphere soil were investigated at the jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. Results showed that rhizosphere soil properties of waxy sorghum were significantly affected by row ratio configurations of waxy sorghum intercropped soybean. Among all treatments, the performances of rhizosphere soil nutrients contents, enzymes activities, and microbes contents were 2W1S > 3W1S > 3W2S > 3W3S > 2W2S > SW. Compared to SW treatment, the 2W1S treatment increased the organic matter, total N, total P, total K, gram-negative bacteria phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and gram-positive bacteria PLFAs contents and catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and urease activities by 20.86%-25.67%, 34.33%-70.05%, 23.98%-33.83%, 44.12%-81.86%, 74.87%-194.32%, 81.59-136.59%, 91.44%-114.07%, 85.35%-146.91%, and 36.32%-63.94%, respectively. Likewise, the available N, available P, available K, total PLFAs, fungus PLFAs, actinomycetes PLFAs, and bacteria PLFAs contents under the 2W1S treatment were 1.53-2.41, 1.32-1.89, 1.82-2.05, 1.96-2.91, 3.59-4.44, 9.11-12.56, and 1.81-2.71 times than those of SW treatment, respectively. Further, the determining factors of soil microbes were total K, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase for total microbes, bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria, total P and available K for fungus, available N, available K, and polyphenol oxidase for actinomycetes, and total K and polyphenol oxidase for gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, the 2W1S treatment was the optimal row ratio configuration of waxy sorghum intercropped with soybean, which can improve the rhizosphere soil quality and promote the sustainable production of waxy sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Shao
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingbo Zhou
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fangli Peng
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma G, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Guo Z, Dong Y. Changes in canopy microclimate of faba bean under intercropping at controlled nitrogen levels and their correlation with crop yield. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4489-4502. [PMID: 36856259 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the microclimate of the intercropping faba bean canopy and yield, and its response to nitrogen application, was studied in the crop canopy to clarify that intercropping and nitrogen application changed the microclimate of the faba bean canopy and affected the yield. RESULTS In field experiments in Eshan and Xundian, the growth index, light transmittance, interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and yield of the faba bean were determined using three planting methods (wheat monoculture, faba bean monoculture, and wheat-faba bean intercropping) and four nitrogen application levels, N0 (0 kg/hm2 ), N1 (45 kg/hm2 ), N2 (90 kg/hm2 ), and N3 (180 kg/hm2 ). The results showed that the application of nitrogen improved the growth index of monoculture and intercropping broad beans significantly, reduced the canopy light transmittance and temperature significantly, and increased the interception rate and relative humidity of photosynthetic effective radiation significantly. Compared with N0, the yield of broad bean in both places was the highest in N1, which increased by 14% (Eshan) and 15% (Xundian). CONCLUSION Multiple linear stepwise regression and path analysis showed that the decrease in canopy light transmittance during the faba bean pod-setting stage and the interception rate of photosynthetic effective radiation during pod-bulging stage, caused by excessive nitrogen application, were the main climatic and ecological factors limiting the increase in the intercropping faba bean yield in Eshan and Xundian respectively. The optimum nitrogen application rate recommended in production is 45 kg/hm2 , to reduce the nitrogen application rate and maximize the productivity of the wheat and faba bean system. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zengpeng Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El-Mehy AA, Shehata MA, Mohamed AS, Saleh SA, Suliman AA. Relay intercropping of maize with common dry beans to rationalize nitrogen fertilizer. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1052392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are important staple food and cash crops worldwide. Common bean in an intercrop with maize contributes to biological nitrogen fixation, which stabilize productivity of cropping systems and reduce negative environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity for sustainable agriculture. A field experiments was performed during the years of 2020 and 2021 at Sers El-Layian Station, northern Egypt. The current study aiming to study the effect of three sowing dates of maize, represent 3 co-growth duration [T1: at flowering stage (FS) of common beans (60 days co-growth duration), T2: 15 days after FS (45 days co-growth duration), and T3: 30 days after FS (30 days co-growth duration with beans)] and three N fertilizer levels (N1: 190.4, N2: 238.0, and N3: 285.6 kg N/ha of maize) on productivity, profitability and N fertilizer rationalization. The longest co-growth duration of maize intercropping with common beans (T1) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased common beans and maize yields compared with T2 and T3. Performance of common beans did not show (P ≤ 0.05) any variation under different N fertilizer levels of maize. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in maize yield and its components with raising N fertilizer level up to N3. Although there was no significant variation in maize yield when applied N2 and N3, however, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) higher in N2 than N3 by 18.34%. Regardless of planting time and N fertilizer level of maize, combined productivity of common beans and maize increased in the intercropped system as cleared by higher total land equivalent ratios (LER) and area time equivalent ratios (ATER). Highest LER value 1.99 was observed at the shortest co-growth period T3 under N3 followed by 1.97 with N2. Positive values in the actual yield loss index (AYL) indicated intercropping advantage. Different competition indices showed a greater dominance of maize over common beans (aggressivity, Ag; competitive ratio, CR; actual yield losses, AYL). However, the intercropping systems increased the economic advantage (intercropping advantage index, IAI and monetary advantage index MAI) over monoculture. These results imply that shortening the period of co-growth maize with common beans (T3) and applying 238.0 kg N/ha in the relay intercropping system reduced mineral N fertilizer use by 16.67% compared to the advised level 285.6 kg N/ha along with increased productivity per unit area and economic advantages for small-farmer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hussain S, Naseer MA, Guo R, Han F, Ali B, Chen X, Ren X, Alamri S. Nitrogen application enhances yield, yield-attributes, and physiological characteristics of dryland wheat/maize under strip intercropping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150225. [PMID: 37035065 PMCID: PMC10073674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping has been acknowledged as a sustainable practice for enhancing crop productivity and water use efficiency under rainfed conditions. However, the contribution of different planting rows towards crop physiology and yield is elusive. In addition, the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the physiology, yield, and soil water storage of rainfed intercropping systems is poorly understood; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the contribution of different crop rows on the physiological, yield, and related traits of wheat/maize relay-strip intercropping (RSI) with and without N application. The treatments comprised of two factors viz. intercropping with three levels (sole wheat, sole maize, and RSI) and two N application rates, with and without N application. Results showed that RSI significantly improved the land use efficiency and grain yield of both crops under rainfed conditions. Intercropping with N application (+N treatment) resulted in the highest wheat grain yield with 70.37 and 52.78% increase as compared with monoculture and without N application in 2019 and 2020, respectively, where border rows contributed the maximum followed by second rows. The increase in grain yield was attributed to higher values of the number of ears per square meter (10-25.33% more in comparison to sole crop without N application) during both study years. The sole wheat crop without any N application recorded the least values for all yield-related parameters. Despite the absence of significant differences, the relative decrease in intercropped maize under both N treatments was over 9% compared to the sole maize crop, which was mainly ascribed to the border rows (24.65% decrease compared to the sole crop) that recorded 12 and 13% decrease in kernel number and thousand-grain weight, respectively than the sole crop. This might be attributed to the reduced photosynthesis and chlorophyll pigmentation in RSI maize crop during the blended growth period. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that wheat/maize RSI significantly improved the land use efficiency and the total yield compared to the sole crops' yield in arid areas in which yield advantages were mainly ascribed to the improvement in wheat yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Naseer
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physic-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nasar J, Zhao CJ, Khan R, Gul H, Gitari H, Shao Z, Abbas G, Haider I, Iqbal Z, Ahmed W, Rehman R, Liang QP, Zhou XB, Yang J. Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1077948. [PMID: 36684768 PMCID: PMC9846272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1077948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surplus use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase agricultural Q9 production causes severe problems to the agricultural ecosystem and environment. This is contrary to N use efficiency and sustainable agricultural production. METHODS Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of maizesoybean intercropping on N uptake, N yield, N utilization use efficiency, and the associated nitrogen assimilatory enzymes of maize crops under different N fertilization for two consecutive years 2021-2022. RESULTS The findings of the study showed that intercropping at the optimal N rate (N1) (250 kg N ha-1) increased significantly maize grain yield by 30 and 34%, residue yield by 30 and 37%, and 100-grain weight by 33 and 39% in the year 2021 and 2022, respectively. As compared with mono-cropping, at this optimal N rate, the respective increase (of maize's crop N yield indices) for 2021 and 2022 were 53 and 64% for grain N yield, and 53 and 68% for residue N yield. Moreover, intercropping at N1 resulted in higher grain N content by 28 and 31%, residue N content by 18 and 22%, and total N uptake by 65 and 75% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The values for the land equivalent ratio for nitrogen yield (LERN) were greater than 1 in intercropping, indicating better utilization of N under the intercropping over mono-cropping. Similarly, intercropping increased the N assimilatory enzymes of maize crops such as nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 19 and 25%, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity by 20 and 23%, and glutamate synthase activity (GOGAT) by 23 and 27% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Consequently, such increases resulted in improved nitrogen use efficiency indices such as N use efficiency (NUE), partial factor nitrogen use efficiency (PFNUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) under intercropping than mono-cropping. CONCLUSION Thus, this suggests that maize-soybean intercropping under optimal N fertilization can improve the nitrogen status and nitrogen use efficiency of maize crops by regulating the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes, thereby enhancing its growth and yield. Therefore, prioritizing intercropping over an intensive mono-cropping system could be a better option for sustainable agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Jiang Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hina Gul
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeqiang Shao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Raheela Rehman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raza MA, Yasin HS, Gul H, Qin R, Mohi Ud Din A, Khalid MHB, Hussain S, Gitari H, Saeed A, Wang J, Rezaei-Chiyaneh E, Sabagh AE, Manzoor A, Fatima A, Ahmad S, Yang F, Skalicky M, Yang W. Maize/soybean strip intercropping produces higher crop yields and saves water under semi-arid conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006720. [PMID: 36407615 PMCID: PMC9667818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable increases in crop production require efficient use of resources, and intercropping can improve water use efficiency and land productivity at reduced inputs. Thus, in a three-year field experiment, the performance of maize/soybean strip intercropping system differing with maize plant density (6 maize plants m-2, low, D1; 8 maize plants m-2, medium, D2; and 10 maize plants m-2, high, D3) was evaluated in comparison with sole maize or soybean cropping system. Results revealed that among all intercropping treatments, D2 had a significantly higher total leaf area index (maize LAI + soybean LAI; 8.2), total dry matter production (maize dry matter + soybean dry matter; 361.5 g plant-1), and total grain yield (maize grain yield + soybean grain yield; 10122.5 kg ha-1) than D1 and D3, and also higher than sole maize (4.8, 338.7 g plant-1, and 9553.7 kg ha-1) and sole soybean (4.6, 64.8 g plant-1, and 1559.5 kg ha-1). The intercropped maize was more efficient in utilizing the radiation and water, with a radiation use efficiency of 3.5, 5.2, and 4.3 g MJ-1 and water use efficiency of 14.3, 16.2, and 13.3 kg ha-1 mm-1, while that of intercropped soybean was 2.5, 2.1, and 1.8 g MJ-1 and 2.1, 1.9, and 1.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 in D1, D2, and D3, respectively. In intercropping, the land and water equivalent ratios ranged from 1.22 to 1.55, demonstrating that it is a sustainable strategy to improve land and water use efficiencies; this maximization is likely associated with the species complementarities for radiation, water, and land in time and space, which resulted in part from competition avoidance responses that maximize the economic profit (e. g., 1300 US $ ha-1 in D2) over sole maize (798 US $ ha-1) or sole soybean (703 US $ ha-1). Overall, these results indicate that optimizing strip intercropping systems can save 20-50% of water and land, especially under the present scenario of limited resources and climate change. However, further research is required to fully understand the resource capture mechanisms of intercrops in intercropping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hassan Shehryar Yasin
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hina Gul
- National Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Pir Mehar Ali Shah-Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ruijun Qin
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR, United States
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sajad Hussain
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amjed Saeed
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Amir Manzoor
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akash Fatima
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nasar J, Wang GY, Zhou FJ, Gitari H, Zhou XB, Tabl KM, Hasan ME, Ali H, Waqas MM, Ali I, Jahan MS. Nitrogen fertilization coupled with foliar application of iron and molybdenum improves shade tolerance of soybean under maize-soybean intercropping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1014640. [PMID: 36267939 PMCID: PMC9577300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1014640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maize-soybean intercropping is practiced worldwide because of some of the anticipated advantages such as high crop yield and better utilization of resources (i.e., water, light, nutrients and land). However, the shade of the maize crop has a detrimental effect on the growth and yield of soybean under the maize-soybean intercropping system. Hence, this experiment was conducted to improve the shade tolerance of such soybean crops with optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization combined with foliar application of iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). The treatments comprised five (5) maize-soybean intercropping practices: without fertilizer application (F0), with N fertilizer application (F1), with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe (F2), with N fertilizer coupled with foliar application of Mo (F3) and with N fertilizer combined with foliar application of Fe and Mo (F4). The findings of this study showed that maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment had significantly (p< 0.05) increased growth indices such as leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), stem strength (g pot-1), and internode length (cm) and yield indices (i.e., No of pods plant-1, grain yield (g plant-1), 100-grain weight (g), and biomass dry matter (g plant-1)) of the soybean crop. Moreover, intercropping under F4 treatment enhanced the chlorophyll SPAD values by 26% and photosynthetic activities such as Pn by 30%, gs by 28%, and Tr by 28% of the soybean crops, but reduced its CO2 by 11%. Furthermore, maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment showed improved efficiency of leaf chlorophyll florescence parameters of soybean crops such as Fv/Fm (26%), qp (17%), ϕPSII (20%), and ETR (17%), but reduced NPQ (12%). In addition, the rubisco activity and soluble protein content of the soybean crop increased by 18% in maize-soybean intercropping under F4 treatment. Thus, this suggested that intercropping under optimal N fertilization combined with foliar application of Fe and Mo can improve the shade tolerance of soybean crops by regulating their chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activities, and the associated enzymes, thereby enhancing their yield and yield traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gui Yang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Jue Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Karim M. Tabl
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Habib Ali
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim, Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim, Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ali
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, Zhou L, Gao J, Zhang G, Peng F, Zhang C, Zhao Q, Peng Q, Shao M. Changes in Nutrient Accumulation and Transportation of Waxy Sorghum in Waxy Sorghum-Soybean Intercropping Systems Under Different Row Ratio Configurations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921860. [PMID: 35937366 PMCID: PMC9355604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To determine the optimal row ratio configuration of waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping systems, a field experiment with seven treatments, including sole waxy sorghum (SW), sole soybean (SS), two rows of waxy sorghum alternated with one row of soybean (2W1S), two rows of waxy sorghum alternated with two rows of soybean (2W2S), three rows of waxy sorghum alternated with one row of soybean (3W1S), three rows of waxy sorghum alternated with two rows of soybean (3W2S), and three rows of waxy sorghum alternated with three rows of soybean (3W3S), was conducted during 2019 and 2020 in Guiyang, China. Accumulation and transportation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in waxy sorghum were investigated. The results showed that the row ratio configurations had significant effects on the N, P, and K accumulation and transportation of waxy sorghum. On the one hand, compared to SW treatment, intercropping treatments showed higher N, P, and K contents and accumulation amounts, N, P, and K transportation amounts before anthesis, N, P, and K transportation rates before anthesis, and contribution rates of N, P, and K transportation before anthesis to the grain of each organ in waxy sorghum. Similarly, the waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping system increased the yield components (including spike length, grain number per spike, and 1,000-grain weight) of waxy sorghum. In addition, the yields of waxy sorghum and soybean among all treatments were in the sequence of SW (SS) > 2W1S > 3W1S > 3W2S > 3W3S > 2W2S. Besides, the 2W1S treatment showed the highest land equivalent ratio and economic benefit. On the whole, the waxy sorghum-soybean intercropping system can increase the N, P, and K absorption among organs and promote the N, P, and K transportation from vegetative organs to grain in waxy sorghum so as to promote the growth and development of spike in waxy sorghum to obtain higher land equivalent ratio and economic benefits. The 2W1S treatment was recommended as the optimal row ratio configuration of the waxy sorghum-soybean system to achieve the maximum utilization of nutrient resources.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zuffo AM, Ratke RF, Okla MK, Al-Hashimi A, González Aguilera J, Trento ACS, Pereira da Silva N, de Souza ED, Nogueira BKA, Coutinho JH, Steiner F, de Alcântara Neto F, da Silva Júnior GB, dos Santos Silva FC, Sobrinho RL, AbdElgawad H. Understanding the contribution of soybean crop residues inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. and not harvested on nitrogen supply in off-season corn cultivars. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269799. [PMID: 35731745 PMCID: PMC9216555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive rainfall in the soybean preharvest period can make mechanized crop harvesting technically and economically unfeasible, causing 100% losses in soybean grain yield. An alternative to reduce the economic losses of farmers would be using unharvested soybean crop residues as a source of nitrogen (N) for the subsequent corn crop. However, a question that still needs to be understood is whether the amount of N released from unharvested soybean residues (straw and grains) is sufficient to meet all the nutritional demand for this nutrient in the off-season corn. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of unharvested soybean crop residue persistence on the yield response of off-season corn crop (Zea mays L.) to the application of N fertilizer rates when grown in tropical Cerrado soils of medium and high fertility. Four simple corn hybrids (SYN7G17 TL, 30F53VYHR, B2433PWU, and AG 8700 PRO3) were grown in soils of medium fertility and medium acidity level (UFMS 1) and high fertility and low acidity level (UFMS 2) and fertilized with five of N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of N) applied at 30 days after emergence (DAE). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the interrelationships between the groups of independent (agricultural production areas, corn cultivars, and N application rates) and dependent (corn agronomic traits) variables. Crop residues remaining on the soil surface from soybeans not harvested and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. can supply most of the nitrogen requirement of off-season corn grown in succession, especially in tropical soils of medium fertility. However, in high-fertility tropical soils, the maximum grain yield potential of off-season corn cultivars can be obtained with the application of mineral N fertilizer in supplement the amount of nitrogen released from unharvested soybean residues. Therefore, the N requirement depends on the corn cultivar and the agricultural production area. However, our results show that when off-season corn is grown on unharvested soybean residues, nitrogen fertilization in topdressing can be dispensed. The agricultural area with high fertility soil (UFMS 2) enhances the grain yield of the off-season corn crop. The corn cultivar AG 8700 PRO3 has a higher thousand-grain mass and high grain yield potential under Brazilian Cerrado conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mario Zuffo
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Campus de Balsas, Praça Gonçalves Dias, Balsas, MA, Brasil
| | | | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fábio Steiner
- Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia, Cassilândia, MS, Brasil
| | - Francisco de Alcântara Neto
- Departamento de Fitotecnia Ininga, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Fitotecnia Ininga, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu H, Yan L, Zhang M, Chang X, Zhu D, Wei D, Naeem M, Song C, Wu X, Liu T, Chen W, Yang W. Changes in the Density and Composition of Rhizosphere Pathogenic Fusarium and Beneficial Trichoderma Contributing to Reduced Root Rot of Intercropped Soybean. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040478. [PMID: 35456153 PMCID: PMC9031213 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic of soil-borne disease is closely related to the rhizosphere microbial communities. Maize–soybean relay strip intercropping has been shown to significantly control the type of soybean root rot that tends to occur in monoculture. However, it is still unknown whether the rhizosphere microbial community participates in the regulation of intercropped soybean root rot. In this study, rhizosphere Fusarium and Trichoderma communities were compared in either healthy or root-rotted rhizosphere soil from monocultured and intercropped soybean, and our results showed the abundance of rhizosphere Fusarium in intercropping was remarkably different from monoculture. Of four species identified, F. oxysporum was the most aggressive and more frequently isolated in diseased soil of monoculture. In contrast, Trichoderma was largely accumulated in healthy rhizosphere soil of intercropping rather than monoculture. T. harzianum dramatically increased in the rhizosphere of intercropping, while T. virens and T. afroharzianum also exhibited distinct isolation frequency. For the antagonism test in vitro, Trichoderma strains had antagonistic effects on F. oxysporum with the percentage of mycelial inhibition ranging from 50.59–92.94%, and they displayed good mycoparasitic abilities against F. oxysporum through coiling around and entering into the hyphae, expanding along the cell–cell lumen and even dissolving cell walls of the target fungus. These results indicate maize–soybean relay strip intercropping significantly increases the density and composition proportion of beneficial Trichoderma to antagonize the pathogenic Fusarium species in rhizosphere, thus potentially contributing to the suppression of soybean root rot under the intercropping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (T.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of International Law Affairs, Dong-a University, Busan 49236, Korea;
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (T.L.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-86290872
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Dengqin Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Muhammd Naeem
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chun Song
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (T.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (T.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.X.); (D.Z.); (D.W.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (W.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of Soybean Density and Sowing Time on the Yield and the Quality of Mixed Silage in Corn-Soybean Strip Intercropping System. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is a cropping strategy that makes efficient use of space, nutrients, and soil. A 2-year field trial was conducted in 2019 and 2020 to study the effects of different soybean sowing times (9 days before corn sowing (ST1), 0 days at corn sowing (ST2), and 9 days after corn sowing (ST3), respectively) and densities (120,000 plants ha−1 (PD1), 150,000 plants ha−1 (PD2), and 180,000 plants ha−1 (PD3), respectively, and the planting density of corn was 60,000 plants ha−1 constantly) on total yield and on mixed silage quality in corn-soybean strip intercropping system. The yield decreased with an increase in soybean planting density. Before ensiling, the total dry matter (DM) content increased with an increase in soybean planting density, while that of crude protein content decreased with sowing time. The interaction of planting density × sowing time was significant for neutral detergent fiber and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content. After ensiling, the WSC content of PD2ST3 (4.90% DM) was the highest. The PD1 (4.51%) had a higher content of ammonia–nitrogen to total nitrogen than that of PD2 and PD3. The lactic acid content of PD2ST3 (3.14% DM) was the highest. In general, better silage quality and a higher total yield were obtained when soybean was sown at the planting density of 150,000 plants ha−1 after 9 days of corn sowing.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Luo L, Tang B, Guo H, Cao Z, Zeng Q, Chen S, Chen Z. Dynamic changes of rhizosphere soil bacterial community and nutrients in cadmium polluted soils with soybean-corn intercropping. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35168566 PMCID: PMC8845239 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean-corn intercropping is widely practised by farmers in Southwest China. Although rhizosphere microorganisms are important in nutrient cycling processes, the differences in rhizosphere microbial communities between intercropped soybean and corn and their monoculture are poorly known. Additionally, the effects of cadmium (Cd) pollution on these differences have not been examined. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Cd-polluted soil to determine the effects of monocultures and soybean-corn intercropping systems on Cd concentrations in plants, on rhizosphere bacterial communities, soil nutrients and Cd availability. Plants and soils were examined five times in the growing season, and Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to analyze the rhizosphere bacterial communities. RESULTS Intercropping did not alter Cd concentrations in corn and soybean, but changed soil available Cd (ACd) concentrations and caused different effects in the rhizosphere soils of the two crop species. However, there was little difference in bacterial community diversity for the same crop species under the two planting modes. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the soybean and corn rhizospheres. In ecological networks of bacterial communities, intercropping soybean (IS) had more module hubs and connectors, whereas intercropped corn (IC) had fewer module hubs and connectors than those of corresponding monoculture crops. Soil organic matter (SOM) was the key factor affecting soybean rhizosphere bacterial communities, whereas available nutrients (N, P, K) were the key factors affecting those in corn rhizosphere. During the cropping season, the concentration of soil available phosphorus (AP) in the intercropped soybean-corn was significantly higher than that in corresponding monocultures. In addition, the soil available potassium (AK) concentration was higher in intercropped soybean than that in monocropped soybean. CONCLUSIONS Intercropped soybean-corn lead to an increase in the AP concentration during the growing season, and although crop absorption of Cd was not affected in the Cd-contaminated soil, soil ACd concentration was affected. Intercropped soybean-corn also affected the soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Thus, intercropped soybean-corn was a key factor in determining changes in microbial community composition and networks. These results provide a basic ecological framework for soil microbial function in Cd-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Luyun Luo
- Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bin Tang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Huanle Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhongyang Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Winnie N, Giweta M, Gweyi-Onyango J, Mochoge B, Mutegi J, Nziguheba G, Masso C. Assessment of the 2006 Abuja Fertilizer Declaration With Emphasis on Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Reduce Yield Gaps in Maize Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.758724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abuja Fertilizer Declaration in 2006 recommended the increase of fertilizer use from the current practice for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to achieve food sufficiency and improve soil fertility status. However, the current recommended rates of fertilizer have not been evaluated for specific crops on their potential to reduce the yield gap and optimize nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In this study, with nitrogen (N) being a significant yield-determinant nutrient, four N use scenarios were drawn from existing recommendations and were evaluated under field conditions for maize crops in two catchments of the Lake Victoria basin. The scenarios included Business as Usual (BAU, 0 kg N ha−1), 25% of the Abuja declaration (ADS 12.5 kg N ha−1), 50% of the Abuja declaration (ADS 25 kg N ha−1), and Abuja declaration–Abuja scenario (ADS, 50 kg N ha−1). The results revealed that increasing N input levels significantly influenced the growth and yield of maize crops. The ADS scenario recorded the highest grain yield increase (167.39%) in Nyando and 103.25% in Rangwe catchments compared to the BAU scenario. N deficits were observed in all the N use scenarios with a range of −66.6 to −125.7 kg N ha−1 in Nyando and −62.5 to −105.4 kg N ha−1 in Rangwe catchments with the 50% ADS scenario having the highest deficits. The deficits imply that the added N input is insufficient to create an N balance for optimal NUE with consequent high risks of soil N mining. In both catchments, all N use scenarios were within the recommended agro-physiological N efficiency (APEN) level of between 40 and 60 kg kg−1 N. The partial N balance obtained at Nyando (1.56–3.11) and Rangwe (1.10–4.64) was higher than the optimal values, a sign of insufficiency of N inputs and possible risk of soil N depletion in all the scenarios. Our findings conclude that the proposed N rates in the region are still very low for food sufficiency and optimized NUE. Therefore, there is a need to explore other sources of N such as biological N fixation and organic manure and inform policy- and decision-makers to recommend higher rates beyond the “Abuja declaration” with the prospect of reaching target yield and optimizing NUE values based on specific crop recommendations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohammed YA, Gesch RW, Matthees HL, Wells SS. Maturity selection but not sowing date enhances soybean productivity and land use in a winter camelina–soybean relay system. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha S. Wells
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Raza MA, Cui L, Khan I, Din AMU, Chen G, Ansar M, Ahmed M, Ahmad S, Manaf A, Titriku JK, Shah GA, Yang F, Yang W. Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41135-41148. [PMID: 33779899 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize/soybean relay intercropping system is a popular cultivation system to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, shading by maize decreases the photosynthetically active radiation, reaching the soybean canopy in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, which reduces soybean radiation use efficiency and competitiveness. Here, we reveal that compact maize in maize/soybean relay intercropping system enhances the photosynthetically active radiation transmittance, leaf area index, dry matter production, radiation use efficiency, and competitiveness of soybean and compensates the slight maize yield loss by substantially increasing soybean yield. In this experiment, soybean was relay intercropped with different maize types (SI, spreading maize; SII, semi-compact maize; and SIII, compact maize) in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, and all the relay intercropping treatments were compared with sole cropping systems of soybean and maize. Results revealed that SIII significantly enhanced the soybean radiation use efficiency (by 77%, from 0.35 g MJ-1 in SI to 0.61 g MJ-1 in SIII) and total radiation use efficiency (soybean radiation use efficiency + maize radiation use efficiency) of maize/soybean relay intercropping system (by 5%, from 3.53 g MJ-1 in SI to 3.73 g MJ-1 in SIII). Similarly, SIII improved the competitiveness (by 62%, from 0.58% in SI to 0.94% in SIII) of soybean but reduced the competitiveness (by 38%, from 1.73% in SI to 1.07% in SIII) of maize, which, in turn, considerably increased soybean yield by maintaining maize yield. On average, over the 2 years, in SIII, relay-intercropped soybean produced 89% of the sole soybean yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 95% of the sole maize yield. Besides, treatment SIII achieved the mean highest land equivalent ratio value of 1.84 in both years. Thus, enhanced radiation use efficiency of soybean, especially during the co-growth period, was the primary factor responsible for the high productivity of the maize/soybean relay intercropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Liang Cui
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manaf
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - John Kwame Titriku
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raza MA, Gul H, Yang F, Ahmed M, Yang W. Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean ( Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1497. [PMID: 34451542 PMCID: PMC8401435 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of heavy rains is increasing with climate change in regions that already have high annual rainfall (i.e., Sichuan, China). Crop response under such high-rainfall conditions is to increase dry matter investment in vegetative parts rather than reproductive parts. In the case of soybean, leaf redundancy prevails, which reduces the light transmittance and seed yield. However, moderate defoliation of soybean canopy could reduce leaf redundancy and improve soybean yield, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Therefore, the effects of three defoliation treatments (T1, 15%; T2, 30%; and T3, 45% defoliation from the top of the soybean canopy; defoliation treatments were applied at the pod initiation stage of soybean) on the growth and yield parameters of soybean were evaluated through field experiments in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019. All results were compared with nondefoliated soybean plants (CK) under high-rainfall conditions. Compared with CK, treatment T1 significantly (p < 0. 05) improved the light transmittance and photosynthetic rate of soybean. Consequently, the leaf greenness was enhanced by 22%, which delayed the leaf senescence by 13% at physiological maturity. Besides, compared to CK, soybean plants achieved the highest values of crop growth rate in T1, which increased the total dry matter accumulation (by 6%) and its translocation to vegetative parts (by 4%) and reproductive parts (by 8%) at physiological maturity. This improved soybean growth and dry matter partitioning to reproductive parts in T1 enhanced the pod number (by 23%, from 823.8 m-2 in CK to 1012.7 m-2 in T1) and seed number (by 11%, from 1181.4 m-2 in CK to 1311.7 m-2 in T1), whereas the heavy defoliation treatments considerably decreased all measured growth and yield parameters. On average, treatment T1 increased soybean seed yield by 9% (from 2120.2 kg ha-1 in CK to 2318.2 kg ha-1 in T1), while T2 and T3 decreased soybean seed yield by 19% and 33%, respectively, compared to CK. Overall, these findings indicate that the optimum defoliation, i.e., T1 (15% defoliation), can decrease leaf redundancy and increase seed yield by reducing the adverse effects of mutual shading and increasing the dry matter translocation to reproductive parts than vegetative parts in soybean, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Future studies are needed to understand the internal signaling and the molecular mechanism controlling and regulating dry matter production and partitioning in soybean, especially from the pod initiation stage to the physiological maturity stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.A.R.); (F.Y.)
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hina Gul
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.A.R.); (F.Y.)
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.A.R.); (F.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
OLIVEIRA JFA, JAKELAITIS A, CABRAL FILHO SLS, SILVA CJD, GUIMARÃES KC, PEREIRA LS, SOUSA GDD, OLIVEIRA GSD. Silage quality from intercropping corn and soybean managed with inoculant Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intercropping grass and soybeans can promote beneficial effects on the productivity of the explored area due to the better soil nitrogen utilization and protein concentrate savings through the use of mixed silage. This study aimed to evaluate the bromatological quality, digestibility, and fermentation profile of silage produced by intercropping corn and soybean. Eight treatments were tested by combining inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization applied to corn intercropped in rows alternated with soybean. Corn and soybean monocultures were also tested. The morphological compositions of soybean and corn plants in the mass of the ensiled material were determined. After crushing, the material was ensiled in PVC tubes for 60 days, and the silage quality was determined after fermentation. Treatments did not affect the morphological composition of soybean and corn plants in the ensiled material from intercropping. The proportions of soybean leaves, stems, and pods represented less than 5% of the total ensiled mass of intercropping. On the other hand, the morphological composition of corn plants was high, similar to that of monoculture. Thus, the silage from intercropping showed similar quality standards to that of corn monoculture, and the bromatological composition, digestibility, pH, energy content, and profile of organic acids were suitable for good quality silage.
Collapse
|
24
|
Raza A, Asghar MA, Ahmad B, Bin C, Iftikhar Hussain M, Li W, Iqbal T, Yaseen M, Shafiq I, Yi Z, Ahmad I, Yang W, Weiguo L. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1592. [PMID: 33212960 PMCID: PMC7698466 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China;
| | - Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Cheng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Wang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tauseef Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Iram Shafiq
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liu Weiguo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (A.R.); (C.B.); (W.L.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Z.Y.); (I.A.); (W.Y.)
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Assessment of Areal Methane Yields from Energy Crops in Ukraine, Best Practices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing and utilizing bioenergy crops as feeding substrates in biogas plants may aid the development of the biogas sector in Ukraine. Therefore, research was done on potential methane yields from 22 high-yield varieties of 7 different crops grown in Ukraine for their biogas production suitability. Annual crops (maize, soybean, sweet sorghum and sorghum hybrids) and perennials (miscanthus, paulownia and switchgrass) harvested at three different harvesting times (H1, H2 and H3) related to specific stages of phenological development were investigated. The perennial crops studied were from different vegetation years. The samples were analysed in Ukraine on their dry matter- and volatile solids contents, dry matter yield (DMY) and crop nitrogen (N) uptake. The 55 °C -dried samples were delivered to Germany for their analysis with the Hohenheim Biogas Yield Test (HBT) on their specific methane yield (SMY). Based on DMY and SMY, the areal methane yields (AMY) were calculated. The highest SMY and AMY were found for maize, sweet sorghum and miscanthus. The highest average SMY of 0.35 ± 0.03 m3CH4 kgVS−1 was found for maize samples harvested at H2. Miscanthus “Giganteus” from the 8th vegetation year harvested at H1 has shown the highest AMY of 7404.50 ± 199.00 m3CH4 ha−1.
Collapse
|
26
|
Raza MA, Feng LY, Werf W, Iqbal N, Khan I, Khan A, Din AMU, Naeem M, Meraj TA, Hassan MJ, Khan A, Lu FZ, Liu X, Ahmed M, Yang F, Yang W. Optimum strip width increases dry matter, nutrient accumulation, and seed yield of intercrops under the relay intercropping system. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Wopke Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Grassland Science Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Ahsin Khan
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan China
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan China
| | - Muhammd Naeem
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | | | | | - Aaqil Khan
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Feng Zhi Lu
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chang X, Yan L, Naeem M, Khaskheli MI, Zhang H, Gong G, Zhang M, Song C, Yang W, Liu T, Chen W. Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030211. [PMID: 32183013 PMCID: PMC7157700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Li Yan
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Muhammd Naeem
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan;
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chun Song
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China; (L.Y.); (M.N.); (G.G.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (H.Z.); (T.L.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62815618; Fax: +86-10-62895365
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Raza MA, Feng LY, van der Werf W, Iqbal N, Khalid MHB, Chen YK, Wasaya A, Ahmed S, Ud Din AM, Khan A, Ahmed S, Yang F, Yang W. Maize leaf-removal: A new agronomic approach to increase dry matter, flower number and seed-yield of soybean in maize soybean relay intercropping system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13453. [PMID: 31530859 PMCID: PMC6748973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Shading conditions adversely affect flower-number and pod-number of soybeans under maize-soybean relay-intercropping (MSR). Here we reveal that leaf-removal from maize-canopy improves the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and dry-matter production (DMP) of soybean (especially during the co-growth phase), and compensates the maize seed-yield loss by considerably increasing soybean seed-yield. In a two-year experiment with MSR, maize-plants were subjected to different leaf-removal treatments to increase the PAR-transmittance of soybean; removal of the topmost two-leaves (R2), four-leaves (R4), six-leaves (R6), with no-removal of leaves (R0). Leaf-removal treatments improved the PAR-transmittance, photosynthetic-rate, and morphological-characteristics of soybean under MSR. At 90 days after sowing, the dry-matter of pods, and seeds was increased by 25%, and 32%, respectively under R6 than R0. Importantly, enhanced PAR-transmittance and DMP under R6 enabled soybean to initiate a greater number of flowers 182.2 plant-1 compared to 142.7 plant-1 under R0, and it also decreased the flower-abscission (by 13%, from 54.9% under R0 to 47.6% under R6). These positive responses increased the pod-number by 49% and seed-number by 28% under R6 than R0. Overall, under R6, relay-intercropped soybean produced 78% of sole-soybean seed-yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 81% of sole-maize seed-yield and achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.59.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Kai Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Allah Wasaya
- College of Agriculture, Bahadur Sub Campus, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmed
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, P.R. China
| | - Ahsin Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, P.R. China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiong L, Li C, Li H, Lyu X, Zhao T, Liu J, Zuo Z, Liu B. A transient expression system in soybean mesophyll protoplasts reveals the formation of cytoplasmic GmCRY1 photobody-like structures. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1070-1077. [PMID: 30929191 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), grown for its plant oils and proteins, is one of the most important crops throughout the world. Generating stable and heritable transgenic soybeans is relatively inefficient; therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple and high-efficient transient transformation method by which to enable the investigation of gene functions in soybeans, which will facilitate the elucidation and improvement of the molecular mechanisms regulating the associated agronomic traits. We established a system of transient expression in soybean mesophyll protoplasts and obtained a high level of protoplast transfection efficiency (up to 83.5%). The subcellular activity of the protoplasts was well preserved, as demonstrated by the dynamic formation of GmCRY nucleus photobodies (NPs) and/or cytoplasmic photobody-like structures (CPs) in response to blue light. In addition, we showed that GmCRY1b CPs colocalized with GmCOP1b, a co-ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), which provided new insight into the potential roles of GmCRY1s in the cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Cong Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangguang Lyu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zecheng Zuo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fan Z, Zhao Y, Chai Q, Zhao C, Yu A, Coulter JA, Gan Y, Cao W. Synchrony of nitrogen supply and crop demand are driven via high maize density in maize/pea strip intercropping. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10954. [PMID: 31358903 PMCID: PMC6662835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal density may influence the balance between nitrogen (N) supply and crop N demand in cereal/legume intercrop systems. The effect of maize (Zea mays L.) plant density on N utilization and N fertilizer supply in maize/pea (Pisum sativum L.) strip intercropping was evaluated in a field study with sole maize, sole pea, and intercropped maize/pea with three maize densities (D1, 45,000 plants ha-1; D2, 52,500 plants ha-1; D3, 60,000 plants ha-1) and two N treatments (N0, 0 kg N ha-1; N1, 450 kg N ha-1 for maize and 225 kg N ha-1 for pea). Soil mineral N in intercropped strips decreased with increased maize density. Increased maize density decreased N accumulation for intercropped pea but increased it for maize and the sum of both intercrops. The land equivalent ratio for grain yield (LER grain) showed a 24-30% advantage for intercrops than corresponding sole crops, and was greater with D3 than D1 and D2. Maize/pea intercropping had 4-113% greater nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than sole maize, which was enhanced with increased maize density. Increasing maize density improved the synchrony of N supply and crop demand in maize/pea strip intercropping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Fan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- The Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- The Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Cai Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- The Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- The Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yantai Gan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Weidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Priming of Solanum melongena L. Seeds Enhances Germination, Alters Antioxidant Enzymes, Modulates ROS, and Improves Early Seedling Growth: Indicating Aqueous Garlic Extract as Seed-Priming Bio-Stimulant for Eggplant Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the seed priming potential of AGE (aqueous garlic extracts) to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth of eggplant. Different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 µg mL−1) of AGE were evaluated along with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), plant growth regulators with reported seed priming potential whereas, water was taken as a control treatment. Eggplant seeds were primed for 4-, 8-, and 12-h and seed germination traits such germination rate index, germination percentage, mean germination time, and early seedling growth traits such as fresh and dry weights, root, and shoot lengths were observed. Moreover, plant antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation levels, soluble protein contents and reactive oxygen species were monitored to establish the stimulatory/inhibitory effects of the treatments. Our results indicate priming potential of AGE, SA, and MeJA to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth in eggplant and the effects were obvious in various morphological and physiological traits. Seed priming significantly altered the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) with alteration in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, priming duration also affected the bioactivity of these chemicals because seed priming with 300 µg mL−1 AGE for 4 h had a positive influence, however, prolonged exposure to the same concentration inhibited the seed germination process and induced oxidative stress on the seedlings with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We propose AGE seed priming as a bio-stimulant to enhance seed germination and early seedling growth in eggplant, and the results hence lay the foundation for the preparation of garlic-based compounds to improve vegetables production under plastic tunnels and greenhouse production units.
Collapse
|
32
|
Raza MA, Feng LY, Werf W, Cai GR, Khalid MHB, Iqbal N, Hassan MJ, Meraj TA, Naeem M, Khan I, Rehman SU, Ansar M, Ahmed M, Yang F, Yang W. Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system. Food Energy Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | - Ling Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | - Wopke Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Gao Ren Cai
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | | | | | - Muhammd Naeem
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Grassland Science Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Sana ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Agronomy Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
- Department of Northern Agricultural Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‐physiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Raza MA, Bin Khalid MH, Zhang X, Feng LY, Khan I, Hassan MJ, Ahmed M, Ansar M, Chen YK, Fan YF, Yang F, Yang W. Effect of planting patterns on yield, nutrient accumulation and distribution in maize and soybean under relay intercropping systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4947. [PMID: 30894625 PMCID: PMC6426961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Planting patterns affect nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) acquisition and distribution in maize and soybean under intercropping conditions. Here we reveal that strip relay-intercropping increases the N, P, and K uptake and distribution across plant organs (root, straw, and seed) of maize and soybean, accelerates the dry-matter production of intercrop-species, and compensates the slight maize yield loss by considerably increasing the soybean yield. In a two-year experiment, soybean was planted with maize in different planting patterns (SI, 50:50 cm and SII, 40:160 cm) of relay-intercropping, both planting patterns were compared with sole cropping of maize (SM) and soybean (SS). As compared to SI, SII increased the N, P, and K accumulation in each organ of soybean by 20, 32, and 18 (root) %, 71, 61, and 76 (straw) %, and 68, 65, and 62 (seed) %, respectively, whereas decreased the N, P, and K accumulation in each organ of maize by 1, 4, and 8 (root) %, 1, 10, and 3 (straw) %, and 5, 10, and 8 (seed) %, respectively. Overall, in SII, relay-cropped soybean accumulated 91% of total nutrient uptake (TNU) of sole soybean plants, and relay-cropped maize accumulated 94% of TNU of sole maize plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Kai Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng L, Raza MA, Chen Y, Khalid MHB, Meraj TA, Ahsan F, Fan Y, Du J, Wu X, Song C, Liu C, Bawa G, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Yang F, Yang W. Narrow-wide row planting pattern improves the light environment and seed yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212885. [PMID: 30807607 PMCID: PMC6391028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different planting patterns affect the light interception of intercrops under intercropping conditions. Here we revealed that narrow-wide-row relay-intercropping improves the light interception across maize leaves in wide rows (60cm) and narrow rows (40cm), accelerated the biomass production of intercrop-species and compensated the slight maize yield loss by considerably increasing the soybean yield. In a two-year experiment, maize was planted with soybean in different planting patterns (1M1S, 50:50cm and 2M2S, 40:60cm) of relay-intercropping, both planting patterns were compared with sole cropping of maize (M) and soybean (S). As compared to M and 1M1S, 2M2S increased the total light interception of maize leaves in wide rows (WR) by 27% and 23%, 20% and 10%, 16% and 9% which in turn significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate of WR maize leaves by 7% and 5%, 12% and 9%, and 19% and 4%, at tasseling, grain-filling and maturity stage of maize, respectively. Similarly, the light transmittance at soybean canopy increased by 218%, 160% and 172% at V2, V5 and R1 stage in 2M2S compared with 1M1S. The improved light environment at soybean canopy in 2M2S considerably enhanced the mean biomass accumulation, and allocation to stem and leaves of soybean by 168%, and 131% and 207%, respectively, while it decreased the mean biomass accumulation, and distribution to stem, leaves and seed of maize by 4%, and 4%, 6% and 5%, respectively than 1M1S. Compared to 1M1S, 2M2S also increased the CR values of soybean (by 157%) but decreased the CR values of maize (by 61%). Overall, under 2M2S, relay-cropped maize and soybean produced 94% and 69% of the sole cropping yield, and the 2M2S achieved LER of 1.7 with net income of 1387.7 US $ ha-1 in 2016 and 1434.4 US $ ha-1 in 2017. Our findings implied that selection of optimum planting pattern (2M2S) may increase the light interception and influence the light distribution between maize and soybean rows under relay-intercropping conditions which will significantly increase the intercrops productivity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the light environment when considering the sustainability of maize-soybean relay-intercropping via appropriate planting pattern selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuankai Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tehseen Ahmad Meraj
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Faiza Ahsan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chun Song
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou W, Chen F, Zhao S, Yang C, Meng Y, Shuai H, Luo X, Dai Y, Yin H, Du J, Liu J, Fan G, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. DA-6 promotes germination and seedling establishment from aged soybean seeds by mediating fatty acid metabolism and glycometabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:101-114. [PMID: 29982626 PMCID: PMC6305204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain higher concentrations of oil (triacylglycerol) and fatty acids than do cereal crop seeds, and the oxidation of these biomolecules during seed storage significantly shortens seed longevity and decreases germination ability. Here, we report that diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a plant growth regulator, increases germination and seedling establishment from aged soybean seeds by increasing fatty acid metabolism and glycometabolism. Phenotypic analysis showed that DA-6 treatment markedly promoted germination and seedling establishment from naturally and artificially aged soybean seeds. Further analysis revealed that DA-6 increased the concentrations of soluble sugars during imbibition of aged soybean seeds. Consistently, the concentrations of several different fatty acids in DA-6-treated aged seeds were higher than those in untreated aged seeds. Subsequently, quantitative PCR analysis indicated that DA-6 induced the transcription of several key genes involved in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to sugars in aged soybean seeds. Furthermore, the activity of invertase in aged seeds, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to form fructose and glucose, increased following DA-6 treatment. Taken together, DA-6 promotes germination and seedling establishment from aged soybean seeds by enhancing the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and the conversion of fatty acids to sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiqiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiwei Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoqiong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Responses of Soybean Dry Matter Production, Phosphorus Accumulation, and Seed Yield to Sowing Time under Relay Intercropping with Maize. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soybean production under maize–soybean relay-intercropping system (MSICS) is vulnerable to shading. A study was initiated to investigate the effects of three sowing-times: ST1, 90; ST2, 70; and ST3, 50 days of co-growth period and two phosphorus-rates: P0, 0; and P60, 60 kg P ha−1 on soybean under MSICS. Results revealed that ST3 significantly increased the photosynthetically active radiations, leaf area index, and photosynthetic rate by 72% and 58%, and 61% and 38%, and 6% and 8%, respectively, at full-flowering and full-pod stage of soybean than ST1. Treatment ST3, increased the total dry-matter (TDM) and the highest TDM was reached at full-seed (R6) stage. Similarly, ST3 considerably increased the dry-matter partitioning to pods and seeds, relative to ST1, soybean under ST3 at R6 had 35% and 30% higher pod and seed dry-matter, respectively. Moreover, ST3 exhibited the maximum seed-yield (mean 1829.5 kg ha−1) for both years of this study. Soybean under ST3 with P60 accumulated 38% higher P, and increased the P content in pods and seeds by 36% and 33%, respectively at R6 than ST1. These results imply that by selecting the appropriate sowing-time and phosphorus-rate for soybean, we can increase the TDM and seed-yield of soybean under MSICS.
Collapse
|