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Grigore A, Coman OA, Păunescu H, Costescu M, Fulga I. Latest Insights into the In Vivo Studies in Murine Regarding the Role of TRP Channels in Wound Healing-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6753. [PMID: 38928459 PMCID: PMC11204351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing involves physical, chemical and immunological processes. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and other ion channels are implicated in epidermal re-epithelization. Ion movement across ion channels can induce transmembrane potential that leads to transepithelial potential (TEP) changes. TEP is present in epidermis surrounding the lesion decreases and induces an endogenous direct current generating an epithelial electric field (EF) that could be implicated in wound re-epithelialization. TRP channels are involved in the activation of immune cells during mainly the inflammatory phase of wound healing. The aim of the study was to review the mechanisms of ion channel involvement in wound healing in in vivo experiments in murine (mice, rats) and how can this process be influenced. This review used the latest results published in scientific journals over the last year and this year to date (1 January 2023-31 December 3000) in order to include the in-press articles. Some types of TRP channels, such as TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1, are expressed in immune cells and can be activated by inflammatory mediators. The most beneficial effects in wound healing are produced using agonists of TRPV1, TRPV4 and TRPA1 channels or by inhibiting with antagonists, antisense oligonucleotides or knocking down TRPV3 and TRPM8 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Horia Păunescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucureșt, Romania; (A.G.); (O.A.C.); (M.C.); (I.F.)
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Vieira-Neto A, Lean IJ, Santos JEP. Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1232. [PMID: 38672379 PMCID: PMC11047658 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineral metabolism, in particular Ca, and to a lesser extent phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), is altered with the onset of lactation because of extensive irreversible loss to synthesize colostrum and milk. The transient reduction in the concentration of Ca in blood, particularly when it lasts days, increases the risk of mineral-related disorders such as hypocalcemia and, to a lesser extent, hypophosphatemia. Although the incidence of clinical hypocalcemia can be reduced by prepartum dietary interventions, subclinical hypocalcemia remains prevalent, affecting up to 60% of the dairy cows in the first 3 d postpartum. More importantly, strong associations exist between hypocalcemia and increased susceptibility to other peripartum diseases and impaired reproductive performance. Mechanistic experiments have demonstrated the role of Ca on innate immune response in dairy cows, which presumably predisposes them to other diseases. Hypocalcemia is not related to inadequate Ca intake as prepartum diets marginal to deficient in Ca reduce the risk of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of how Ca homeostasis is regulated, in particular how calciotropic hormones such as parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affect blood Ca concentrations, gastrointestinal Ca absorption, bone remodeling, and renal excretion of Ca become critical to develop novel strategies to prevent mineral imbalances either by nutritional or pharmacological interventions. A common method to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia is the manipulation of the prepartum dietary cation-anion difference. Feeding acidogenic diets not only improves Ca homeostasis and reduces hypocalcemia, but also reduces the risk of uterine diseases and improves productive performance. Feeding diets that induce a negative Ca balance in the last weeks of gestation also reduce the risk of clinical hypocalcemia, and recent work shows that the incorporation of mineral sequestering agents, presumably by reducing the absorption of P and Ca prepartum, increases blood Ca at calving, although benefits to production and health remain to be shown. Alternative strategies to minimize subclinical hypocalcemia with the use of vitamin D metabolites either fed prepartum or as a pharmacological agent administered immediately after calving have shown promising results in reducing hypocalcemia and altering immune cell function, which might prove efficacious to prevent diseases in early lactation. This review summarizes the current understanding of Ca homeostasis around parturition, the limited knowledge of the exact mechanisms for gastrointestinal Ca absorption in bovine, the implications of hypocalcemia on the health of dairy cows, and discusses the methods to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia and their impacts on productive performance and health in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Vieira-Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Ian J. Lean
- Scibus, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - José Eduardo P. Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Kalinovskii AP, Utkina LL, Korolkova YV, Andreev YA. TRPV3 Ion Channel: From Gene to Pharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108601. [PMID: 37239947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3) is an ion channel with a sensory function that is most abundantly expressed in keratinocytes and peripheral neurons. TRPV3 plays a role in Ca2+ homeostasis due to non-selective ionic conductivity and participates in signaling pathways associated with itch, dermatitis, hair growth, and skin regeneration. TRPV3 is a marker of pathological dysfunctions, and its expression is increased in conditions of injury and inflammation. There are also pathogenic mutant forms of the channel associated with genetic diseases. TRPV3 is considered as a potential therapeutic target of pain and itch, but there is a rather limited range of natural and synthetic ligands for this channel, most of which do not have high affinity and selectivity. In this review, we discuss the progress in the understanding of the evolution, structure, and pharmacology of TRPV3 in the context of the channel's function in normal and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr P Kalinovskii
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCh RAS), 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov L Utkina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trbetskaya Str. 8, Bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Korolkova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCh RAS), 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A Andreev
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCh RAS), 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trbetskaya Str. 8, Bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Neves RC. Relationship between calcium dynamics and inflammatory status in the transition period of dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:225-229. [PMID: 37360125 PMCID: PMC10285257 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in nutrition, management, and genetics of dairy cows over the last several decades have shifted research focus from clinical diseases to subclinical disorders, to which transition cows are particularly vulnerable. Recent studies on the characterization of subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) indicate that the combined analysis of the degree, timing of suboptimal blood Ca concentration, and duration are most reflective of the disorder. Therefore, the understanding of blood Ca dynamics in early postpartum cows has emerged as an avenue to investigate the paths leading to a successful metabolic adaptation to lactation or not. The conundrum has been in defining whether SCH is the cause or a reflection of a greater underlying disorder. Immune activation and systemic inflammation have been proposed to be the root cause of SCH. However, there is a paucity of data investigating the mechanisms of how systemic inflammation can lead to reduced blood Ca concentration in dairy cows. The objective of this review is to discuss the links between systemic inflammation and reduced blood Ca concentration, and studies needed to advance knowledge on the interface between systemic inflammation and Ca metabolism for the transition dairy cow.
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Novel Insights into the Role of Keratinocytes-Expressed TRPV3 in the Skin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030513. [PMID: 36979447 PMCID: PMC10046267 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV3 is a non-selective cation channel that is highly expressed in keratinocytes in the skin. Traditionally, keratinocytes-expressed TRPV3 is involved in multiple physiological and pathological functions of the skin, such as itching, heat pain, and hair development. Although the underlying mechanisms by which TRPV3 functions in vivo remain obscure, recent research studies suggest that several cytokines and EGFR signaling pathways may be involved. However, there have also been other studies with opposite results that question the role of TRPV3 in heat pain. In addition, an increasing number of studies have suggested a novel role of TRPV3 in promoting skin regeneration, indicating that TRPV3 may become a new potential target for regulating skin regeneration. This paper not only reviews the role of keratinocytes-expressed TRPV3 in the physiological and pathological processes of itching, heat pain, hair development, and skin regeneration, but also reviews the relationship between TRPV3 gene mutations and skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and Olmsted syndrome (OS). This review will lay a foundation for further developing our understanding of the mechanisms by which TRPV3 is involved in itching, heat pain, and hair development, as well as the treatments for TRPV3-related skin diseases.
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Ott D, Manneck D, Schrapers KT, Rosendahl J, Aschenbach JR. Blood calcium concentration and performance in periparturient and early lactating dairy cows is influenced by plant bioactive lipid compounds. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3706-3718. [PMID: 36907757 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies ex vivo suggested that plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC) can increase ruminal calcium absorption. Therefore, we hypothesized that PBLC feeding around calving may potentially counteract hypocalcemia and support performance in postpartum dairy cows. The corresponding aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PBLC feeding on blood minerals in Brown Swiss (BS) and hypocalcemia-susceptible Holstein Friesian (HF) cows during the period from d -2 to 28 relative to calving and on milk performance until d 80 of lactation. A total of 29 BS cows and 41 HF cows were divided each into a control (CON) and PBLC treatment group. The latter was supplemented with 1.7 g/d menthol-rich PBLC from 8 d before expected calving to 80 d postpartum. Milk yield and composition, body condition score and blood minerals were measured. Feeding PBLC induced a significant breed × treatment interaction for iCa, supporting that PBLC increased iCa exclusively in HF cows; the increase was 0.03 mM over the whole period and 0.05 mM from d 1 to 3 after calving. Subclinical hypocalcemia was seen in one BS-CON and 8 HF-CON cows and 2 BS-PBLC and 4 HF-PBLC cows. Clinical milk fever was detected only in HF cows (2 HF-CON and one HF-PBLC). Other tested blood minerals, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium, as well as blood glucose, were neither affected by PBLC feeding nor breed, nor were their 2-way interactions, except for higher sodium levels in PBLC cows on d 21. Body condition score showed no effect of treatment, except for a lower body condition score in BS-PBLC compared with BS-CON at d 14. Dietary PBLC increased milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield at 2 consecutive dairy herd improvement test days. As indicated by treatment × day interactions, energy-corrected milk yield and milk lactose yield were increased by PBLC on the first test day only, and milk protein concentration decreased from test d 1 to test d 2 in CON only. The concentrations of fat, lactose, and urea, as well as somatic cell count, were not affected by treatment. The weekly milk yield over the first 11 wk of lactation was 29.5 kg/wk higher for PBLC versus CON across breeds. It is concluded that the applied PBLC induced a small but measurable improvement of calcium status in HF cows in the study period and had additional positive effects on milk performance in both breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany; PerformaNat GmbH, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Manneck
- PerformaNat GmbH, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - J R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Quantification of cytosol and membrane proteins in rumen epithelium of sheep with low or high CH4 emission phenotype. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273184. [PMID: 36256644 PMCID: PMC9578583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminant livestock are a major contributor to Australian agricultural sector carbon emissions. Variation in methane (CH4) produced from enteric microbial fermentation of feed in the reticulo-rumen of sheep differs with different digestive functions. METHOD We isolated rumen epithelium enzymatically to extract membrane and cytosol proteins from sheep with high (H) and low (L) CH4 emission. Protein abundance was quantified using SWATH-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The research found differences related to the metabolism of glucose, lactate and processes of cell defence against microbes in sheep from each phenotype. Enzymes in the methylglyoxal pathway, a side path of glycolysis, resulting in D-lactate production, differed in abundance. In the H CH4 rumen epithelium the enzyme hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (HAGH) was 2.56 fold higher in abundance, whereas in the L CH4 epithelium lactate dehydrogenase D (LDHD) was 1.93 fold higher. Malic enzyme 1 which converts D-lactate to pyruvate via the tricarboxylic cycle was 1.57 fold higher in the L CH4 phenotype. Other proteins that are known to regulate cell defence against microbes had differential abundance in the epithelium of each phenotype. CONCLUSION Differences in the abundance of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glucose were associated with H and L CH4 phenotype sheep. Potentially this represents an opportunity to use protein markers in the rumen epithelium to select low CH4 emitting sheep.
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Effects of butyrate− on ruminal Ca2+ transport: evidence for the involvement of apically expressed TRPV3 and TRPV4 channels. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:315-342. [PMID: 35098357 PMCID: PMC8837523 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ruminal epithelium absorbs large quantities of NH4+ and Ca2+. A role for TRPV3 has emerged, but data on TRPV4 are lacking. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate ruminal Ca2+ and NH4+ uptake in vivo and in vitro, but the pathway is unclear. Sequencing of the bovine homologue (bTRPV4) revealed 96.79% homology to human TRPV4. Two commercial antibodies were tested using HEK-293 cells overexpressing bTRPV4, which in ruminal protein detected a weak band at the expected ~ 100 kDa and several bands ≤ 60 kDa. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed staining of the apical membrane of the stratum granulosum for bTRPV3 and bTRPV4, with cytosolic staining in other layers of the ruminal epithelium. A similar expression pattern was observed in a multilayered ruminal cell culture which developed resistances of > 700 Ω · cm2 with expression of zonula occludens-1 and claudin-4. In Ussing chambers, 2-APB and the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A stimulated the short-circuit current across native bovine ruminal epithelia. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on HEK-293 cells, bTRPV4 was shown to be permeable to NH4+, K+, and Na+ and highly sensitive to GSK1016790A, while effects of butyrate− were insignificant. Conversely, bTRPV3 was strongly stimulated by 2-APB and by butyrate− (pH 6.4 > pH 7.4), but not by GSK1016790A. Fluorescence calcium imaging experiments suggest that butyrate− stimulates both bTRPV3 and bTRPV4. While expression of bTRPV4 appears to be weaker, both channels are candidates for the ruminal transport of NH4+ and Ca2+. Stimulation by SCFA may involve cytosolic acidification (bTRPV3) and cell swelling (bTRPV4).
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Stewart G. Commentary on: Liebe, F., Liebe, H., Sponder, G., Mergler, S., Stumpff, F. "Effects of butyrate on ruminal Ca 2+ transport: evidence for the involvement of apically expressed TRPV3 and TRPV4 channels". Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:263-264. [PMID: 34993627 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Stewart
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Room 2.55, Science Centre West Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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10
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Liebe H, Liebe F, Sponder G, Hedtrich S, Stumpff F. Beyond Ca 2+ signalling: the role of TRPV3 in the transport of NH 4. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1859-1884. [PMID: 34664138 PMCID: PMC8599221 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of TRPV3 lead to severe dermal hyperkeratosis in Olmsted syndrome, but whether the mutants are trafficked to the cell membrane or not is controversial. Even less is known about TRPV3 function in intestinal epithelia, although research on ruminants and pigs suggests an involvement in the uptake of NH4+. It was the purpose of this study to measure the permeability of the human homologue (hTRPV3) to NH4+, to localize hTRPV3 in human skin equivalents, and to investigate trafficking of the Olmsted mutant G573S. Immunoblotting and immunostaining verified the successful expression of hTRPV3 in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes with trafficking to the cell membrane. Human skin equivalents showed distinct staining of the apical membrane of the top layer of keratinocytes with cytosolic staining in the middle layers. Experiments with pH-sensitive microelectrodes on Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that acidification by NH4+ was significantly greater when hTRPV3 was expressed. Single-channel measurements showed larger conductances in overexpressing Xenopus oocytes than in controls. In whole-cell experiments on HEK-293 cells, both enantiomers of menthol stimulated influx of NH4+ in hTRPV3 expressing cells, but not in controls. Expression of the mutant G573S greatly reduced cell viability with partial rescue via ruthenium red. Immunofluorescence confirmed cytosolic expression, with membrane staining observed in a very small number of cells. We suggest that expression of TRPV3 by epithelia may have implications not just for Ca2+ signalling, but also for nitrogen metabolism. Models suggesting how influx of NH4+ via TRPV3 might stimulate skin cornification or intestinal NH4+ transport are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Manneck D, Braun H, Schrapers KT, Stumpff F. TRPV3 and TRPV4 as candidate proteins for intestinal ammonium absorption. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13694. [PMID: 34031986 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Absorption of ammonia from the gut has consequences that range from encephalitis in hepatic disease to global climate change induced by nitrogenous excretions from livestock. Since patch clamp data show that certain members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family are permeable to NH4 + , participation in ammonium efflux was investigated. METHODS Digesta, mucosa and muscular samples from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of pigs were analysed via colourimetry, qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and Ussing chambers. RESULTS qPCR data show high duodenal expression of TRPV6. TRPM6 was highest in jejunum and colon, with expression of TRPM7 ubiquitous. TRPM8 and TRPV1 were below detection. TRPV2 was highest in the jejunum but almost non-detectable in the colon. TRPV4 was ubiquitously expressed by mucosal and muscular layers. TRPV3 mRNA was only found in the mucosa of the caecum and colon, organs in which NH4 + was highest (>7 mmol·L-1 ). Immunohistochemically, an apical expression of TRPV3 and TRPV4 could be detected in all tissues, with effects of 2-APB and GSK106790A supporting functional expression. In symmetrical NaCl Ringer, removal of mucosal Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased colonic short circuit current (Isc ) and conductance (Gt ) by 0.18 ± 0.06 µeq·cm-2 ·h-1 and 4.70 ± 0.85 mS·cm-2 (P < .05, N/n = 4/17). Application of mucosal NH4 Cl led to dose-dependent and divalent-sensitive increases in Gt and Isc , with effects highest in the caecum and colon. CONCLUSION We propose that TRP channels contribute to the intestinal transport of ammonium, with TRPV3 and TRPV4 promising candidate proteins. Pharmacological regulation may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manneck
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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Nadezhdin KD, Neuberger A, Trofimov YA, Krylov NA, Sinica V, Kupko N, Vlachova V, Zakharian E, Efremov RG, Sobolevsky AI. Structural mechanism of heat-induced opening of a temperature-sensitive TRP channel. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:564-572. [PMID: 34239124 PMCID: PMC8283911 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological functions rely on distinguishing temperature through temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channels (thermo-TRPs). Although the function of thermo-TRPs has been studied extensively, structural determination of their heat- and cold-activated states has remained a challenge. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the nanodisc-reconstituted wild-type mouse TRPV3 in three distinct conformations: closed, heat-activated sensitized and open states. The heat-induced transformations of TRPV3 are accompanied by changes in the secondary structure of the S2-S3 linker and the N and C termini and represent a conformational wave that links these parts of the protein to a lipid occupying the vanilloid binding site. State-dependent differences in the behavior of bound lipids suggest their active role in thermo-TRP temperature-dependent gating. Our structural data, supported by physiological recordings and molecular dynamics simulations, provide an insight for understanding the molecular mechanism of temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill D. Nadezhdin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arthur Neuberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuri A. Trofimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia,Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Krylov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Sinica
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Kupko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eleonora Zakharian
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Roman G. Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.I.S. (; Tel: 212-305-4249)
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13
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Manneck D, Manz G, Braun HS, Rosendahl J, Stumpff F. The TRPA1 Agonist Cinnamaldehyde Induces the Secretion of HCO 3- by the Porcine Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105198. [PMID: 34068986 PMCID: PMC8156935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapeutic potential of the TRPA1 channel agonist cinnamaldehyde for use in inflammatory bowel disease is emerging, but the mechanisms are unclear. Semi-quantitative qPCR of various parts of the porcine gastrointestinal tract showed that mRNA for TRPA1 was highest in the colonic mucosa. In Ussing chambers, 1 mmol·L-1 cinnamaldehyde induced increases in short circuit current (ΔIsc) and conductance (ΔGt) across the colon that were higher than those across the jejunum or after 1 mmol·L-1 thymol. Lidocaine, amiloride or bumetanide did not change the response. The application of 1 mmol·L-1 quinidine or the bilateral replacement of 120 Na+, 120 Cl- or 25 HCO3- reduced ΔGt, while the removal of Ca2+ enhanced ΔGt with ΔIsc numerically higher. ΔIsc decreased after 0.5 NPPB, 0.01 indometacin and the bilateral replacement of 120 Na+ or 25 HCO3-. The removal of 120 Cl- had no effect. Cinnamaldehyde also activates TRPV3, but comparative measurements involving patch clamp experiments on overexpressing cells demonstrated that much higher concentrations are required. We suggest that cinnamaldehyde stimulates the secretion of HCO3- via apical CFTR and basolateral Na+-HCO3- cotransport, preventing acidosis and damage to the epithelium and the colonic microbiome. Signaling may involve the opening of TRPA1, depolarization of the epithelium and a rise in PGE2 following a lower uptake of prostaglandins via OATP2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Manneck
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Gisela Manz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Hannah-Sophie Braun
- PerformaNat GmbH, Hohentwielsteig 6, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (H.-S.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Julia Rosendahl
- PerformaNat GmbH, Hohentwielsteig 6, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (H.-S.B.); (J.R.)
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (D.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-838-62595
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14
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Geiger S, Patra AK, Schrapers KT, Braun HS, Aschenbach JR. Menthol stimulates calcium absorption in the rumen but not in the jejunum of sheep. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:3067-3081. [PMID: 33358813 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of Ca2+ absorption can counteract hypocalcemia at the onset of lactation. The plant bioactive lipid compound (PBLC) menthol is an agonist for nonselective cation channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. It acutely stimulated Ca2+ absorption in ruminal epithelia of nonadapted animals ex vivo and caused higher plasma Ca2+ concentrations in cows and sheep in vivo. To elucidate the pathway by which menthol feeding increases plasma Ca2+ level, the present study aimed to investigate the long-term dose-dependent effects of dietary menthol-rich PBLC on Ca2+ absorption and mRNA abundances of TRP channels in both rumen and jejunum. Twenty-four growing Suffolk sheep were equally distributed to a Con, PBLC-L, and PBLC-H group, which received 0, 80, and 160 mg/d of a menthol-rich PBLC. After 4 wk, ruminal and jejunal epithelia were analyzed for mRNA abundances of TRPA1, TRPV3, TRPV5-6, and TRPM6-8 genes. The Ca2+ flux rates and electrophysiological properties of epithelia from rumen and mid-jejunum were measured in Ussing chambers in the presence and absence of mucosal Na+. Acute changes in Ca2+ flux rates were measured after mucosal application of 50 µM menthol. Ruminal epithelia had quantifiable transcripts of TRPV3 = TRPM6 >TRPM7 >TRPA1 with no difference among feeding groups. Jejunum had quantifiable transcripts of TRPM7 >TRPA1 ≥ TRPM6 ≥ TRPV6 >TRPV5, where TRPA1, TRPV5, and TRPV6 tended to decrease linearly with increasing PBLC dose. Absorptive net flux of Ca2+ was detected only in the rumen, whereas jejunum showed a high passive permeability to Ca2+. Net flux rates of Ca2+ in the rumen increased in a quadratic manner (highest in PBLC-L animals) and were systematically decreased with the omission of mucosal Na+. Short-circuit current increased in both PBLC feeding groups compared with Con only in the rumen. Acute application of menthol-stimulated mucosal-to-serosal and net Ca2+ flux rates only in ruminal epithelia with higher stimulation in PBLC-fed animals. We conclude that Ca2+ transport is mainly active and transcellular in the rumen. It most likely involves TRPV3 that can be stimulated by menthol. Pre-feeding of menthol-rich PBLC enhances ruminal Ca2+ absorption and sensitizes it to acute stimulation by menthol. By contrast, intestinal Ca2+ absorption is not sensitive to menthol stimulation. Menthol could be used as a tool to enhance ruminal Ca2+ absorption and to prevent hypocalcemia in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Geiger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - A K Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany; Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 700037 Kolkata, India
| | | | - H S Braun
- PerformaNat GmbH, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - J R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Bischof M, Olthoff S, Glas C, Thorn-Seshold O, Schaefer M, Hill K. TRPV3 endogenously expressed in murine colonic epithelial cells is inhibited by the novel TRPV3 blocker 26E01. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102310. [PMID: 33161279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TRPV3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, prominently expressed by keratinocytes where it contributes to maintaining the skin barrier, skin regeneration, and keratinocyte differentiation. However, much less is known about its physiological function in other tissues and there is still a need for identifying novel and efficient TRPV3 channel blockers. By screening a compound library, we identified 26E01 as a novel TRPV3 blocker. 26E01 blocks heterologously expressed TRPV3 channels overexpressed in HEK293 cells as assessed by fluorometric intracellular free Ca2+ assays (IC50 = 8.6 μM) but does not affect TRPV1, TRPV2 or TRPV4 channels. Electrophysiological whole-cell recordings confirmed the reversible block of TRPV3 currents by 26E01, which was also effective in excised inside-out patches, hinting to a rather direct mode of action. 26E01 suppresses endogenous TRPV3 currents in the mouse 308 keratinocyte cell line and in the human DLD-1 colon carcinoma cell line (IC50 = 12 μM). In sections of the gastrointestinal epithelium of mice, the expression of TRPV3 mRNA follows a gradient along the gastrointestinal tract, with the highest expression in the distal colon. 26E01 efficiently attenuates 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate-induced calcium influx in primary colonic epithelial cells isolated from the distal colon. As 26E01 neither shows toxic effects on DLD-1 cells at concentrations of up to 100 μM in MTT assays nor on mouse primary colonic crypts as assessed by calcein-AM/propidium iodide co-staining, it may serve as a useful tool to further study the physiological function of TRPV3 in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bischof
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Olthoff
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carina Glas
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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16
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Instant activation of TRP channels by NH 4 + promotes neuronal bursting and glutamate spikes in CA1 neurons. Curr Res Physiol 2020; 3:20-29. [PMID: 34746817 PMCID: PMC8562246 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia ( NH 4 + ) is a by-product of cell metabolism and may elicit subcellular effects with specific physiological responses. Chronic effects have been implicated in several neurological diseases and attributed to persistent elevation in blood ammonia levels transferred to the brain. In previous studies the activities of neurons and astrocytes have been examined at ammonia concentrations an order of magnitude higher than measured in the blood. The effects developed within several minutes. Here we focused upon acute responses of neurons to ammonia and whether they may occur at much lower doses. To this end, we combined patch-clamp in CA1 neurons with glutamate imaging in hippocampal slices. Particular attention was paid to the Rett syndrome that has been originally attributed to hyperammonemia. We compared the responses in the wild-type (WT) and model Rett mice (MECP2-null, RTT) to ammonia doses from 0.3 mM on. In both preparations NH 4 + promptly depolarized neurons and increased the ambient glutamate. The bursting activity emerged in WT and it was augmented in RTT. Searching for subcellular mechanisms we examined possible modulation of ion channels by ammonia. We did not find any changes in HCN- and Ca2+ currents, which substantially contribute to the bursting activity. The non-selective cation channels were markedly potentiated by ammonia. ASIC channels had a major contribution to the augmentation of neuronal activity by ammonia. Interestingly, their general blocker amiloride (100 μM) moderately excited CA1 cells akin to NH 4 + . In its presence subsequent ammonia effects were markedly compromised. Blockade of TRPC1 channels partially occluded NH 4 + effects. ASIC and TRPC1 blockers decreased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) and neuronal bursts, congruent with a postsynaptic location of the channels. Inhibition of TRPV1 channels potentiated the responses to NH 4 + . EPSC amplitudes did not change, but the frequency decreased, indicating presynaptic effects. All extracellular NH 4 + actions were observed at concentrations as low as 0.3 mM and the neurons reacted immediately after ammonia arrived the slice. We propose that a brief augmentation of neuronal activity by NH 4 + may occur either spontaneously during arousal or induced by inhalation of smelling salts.
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Liebe F, Liebe H, Kaessmeyer S, Sponder G, Stumpff F. The TRPV3 channel of the bovine rumen: localization and functional characterization of a protein relevant for ruminal ammonia transport. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:693-710. [PMID: 32458085 PMCID: PMC7293678 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of ammonia (NH3 or NH4+) are absorbed from the gut, associated with encephalitis in hepatic disease, poor protein efficiency in livestock, and emissions of nitrogenous climate gasses. Identifying the transport mechanisms appears urgent. Recent functional and mRNA data suggest that absorption of ammonia from the forestomach of cattle may involve TRPV3 channels. The purpose of the present study was to sequence the bovine homologue of TRPV3 (bTRPV3), localize the protein in ruminal tissue, and confirm transport of NH4+. After sequencing, bTRPV3 was overexpressed in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. An antibody was selected via epitope screening and used to detect the protein in immunoblots of overexpressing cells and bovine rumen, revealing a signal of the predicted ~ 90 kDa. In rumen only, an additional ~ 60 kDa band appeared, which may represent a previously described bTRPV3 splice variant of equal length. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining from the ruminal stratum basale to stratum granulosum. Measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodes showed that NH4+ acidifies Xenopus oocytes, with overexpression of bTRPV3 enhancing permeability to NH4+. Single-channel measurements revealed that Xenopus oocytes endogenously expressed small cation channels in addition to fourfold-larger channels only observed after expression of bTRPV3. Both endogenous and bTRPV3 channels conducted NH4+, Na+, and K+. We conclude that bTRPV3 is expressed by the ruminal epithelium on the protein level. In conjunction with data from previous studies, a role in the transport of Na+, Ca2+, and NH4+ emerges. Consequences for calcium homeostasis, ruminal pH, and nitrogen efficiency in cattle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Diener M. New ways for an old cation. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:669-670. [PMID: 32448954 PMCID: PMC8213586 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diener
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Review: Regulation of gastrointestinal and renal transport of calcium and phosphorus in ruminants. Animal 2020; 14:s29-s43. [PMID: 32024566 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison to monogastric animals, ruminants show some peculiarities in respect to the regulation of mineral homeostasis, which can be regarded as a concerted interplay between gastrointestinal absorption, renal excretion and bone mobilisation to maintain physiological Ca and phosphate (Pi) concentrations in serum. Intestinal absorption of Ca or Pi is mediated by two general mechanisms: paracellular, passive transport dominates when luminal Ca or Pi concentrations are high and transcellular. The contribution of active transport becomes more important when dietary Ca or Pi supply is restricted or the demand increased. Both pathways are modulated directly by dietary interventions, influenced by age and regulated by endocrine factors such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Similar transport processes are observed in the kidney. After filtration, Ca and Pi are resorbed along the nephron. However, as urinary Ca and Pi excretion is very low in ruminants, the regulation of these renal pathways differs from that described for monogastric species, too. Furthermore, salivary secretion, as part of endogenous Pi recycling, and bone mobilisation participate in the maintenance of Ca and Pi homeostasis in ruminants. Saliva contains large amounts of Pi for buffering rumen pH and to ensure optimal conditions for the rumen microbiome. The skeleton is a major reservoir of Ca and Pi to compensate for discrepancies between demand and uptake. But alterations of the regulation of mineral homeostasis induced by other dietary factors such as a low protein diet were observed in growing ruminants. In addition, metabolic changes, for example, at the onset of lactation have pronounced effects on gastrointestinal mineral transport processes in some ruminant species. As disturbances of mineral homeostasis do not only increase the risk of the animals to develop other diseases, but are also associated with protein and energy metabolism, further research is needed to improve our knowledge of its complex regulation.
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20
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Wilkens MR, Nelson CD, Hernandez LL, McArt JA. Symposium review: Transition cow calcium homeostasis—Health effects of hypocalcemia and strategies for prevention. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2909-2927. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Patra AK, Geiger S, Schrapers KT, Braun HS, Gehlen H, Starke A, Pieper R, Cieslak A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Aschenbach JR. Effects of dietary menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds on zootechnical traits, blood variables and gastrointestinal function in growing sheep. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:86. [PMID: 31827785 PMCID: PMC6886202 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at investigating the influence of 90% menthol-containing plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC, essential oils) on growth performance, blood haematological and biochemical profile, and nutrient absorption in sheep. Twenty-four growing Suffolk sheep were allotted into three dietary treatments: Control (without PBLC), lower dose of PBLC (PBLC-L; 80 mg/d) and higher dose of PBLC (PBLC-H; 160 mg/d). Sheep in all groups were fed meadow hay ad libitum plus 600 g/d of concentrate pellets for 28 d. Results Average daily gain was not affected by treatment. Feeding of PBLC increased hay and total feed intake per kg body weight (P < 0.05). Counts of total leucocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes were not different among treatments. However, neutrophil count decreased (P < 0.05) in PBLC-H with a similar trend in PBLC-L (P < 0.10). Concentrations of glucose, bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and magnesium in serum were not different among sheep fed different doses of PBLC. However, serum calcium concentration tended to increase in PBLC-H (P < 0.10) and serum concentrations of aspartate & asparagine (P < 0.01) and glutamate & glutamine (P < 0.05) increased linearly with increasing PBLC dose. In ruminal epithelia isolated from the rumen after killing, baseline conductance (G t; P < 0.05) and short-circuit current (I sc; P < 0.01) increased in both PBLC groups. Ruminal uptakes of glucose and methionine in the presence of Na+ were not affected by the dietary PBLC supplementation. In the absence of Na+, however, glucose and methionine uptakes increased (P < 0.05) in PBLC-H. In the jejunum, I sc tended to increase in PBLC-H (P < 0.10), but baseline G t was not affected. Intestinal uptakes of glucose and methionine were not influenced by PBLC in the presence or absence of Na+. Conclusion The results suggest that menthol-rich PBLC increase feed intake, and passive ion and nutrient transport, the latter specifically in the rumen. They also increased serum concentrations of urea precursor amino acids and tended to increase serum calcium concentrations. Future studies will have to show whether some of these findings might be commonly linked to a stimulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K Patra
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.,2Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, 700037 India
| | - Sebastian Geiger
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Heidrun Gehlen
- 4Equine Clinic: Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Starke
- 5Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- 6Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Cieslak
- 7Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Patra AK, Geiger S, Braun HS, Aschenbach JR. Dietary supplementation of menthol-rich bioactive lipid compounds alters circadian eating behaviour of sheep. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:352. [PMID: 31638982 PMCID: PMC6805686 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC), commonly known as essential oils, are increasingly evaluated as feed additives in ruminants due to beneficial effects on animal performance and health; however, there is no study evaluating circadian eating behaviour in ruminants. Altered eating behaviour may be implicated in changes of feed intake in ruminants. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of menthol-rich PBLC on circadian eating behaviour in 24 growing sheep that were equally divided into three treatments, control (without PBLC), a lower dose (80 mg/d) or a higher dose (160 mg/d) of PBLC. Daily doses of PBLC were supplied with 600 g/d of concentrates fed in three equal portions at 07:00, 11:00 and 15:00 h for 4 weeks, whereas, meadow hay was fed ad libitum. Results The eating behaviour recorded by an automatic transponder-operated feeding system revealed that daily eating time and feeder visits increased with increasing doses of PBLC. The circadian distribution of eating time and feeder visits (with 1-h resolution) was influenced by the treatment. Eating time during concentrate-offering hours and between concentrate-offering hours increased or tended to increase linearly with greater concentrations of PBLC. Feeder visits did not change significantly during concentrate-offering hours, but were greater in the PBLC groups compared with the control between concentrate-feeding hours. Average length of the longest meals (5th percentile) decreased due to PBLC feeding. Daily feed intake was greater in the PBLC groups than the control. Conclusions Menthol-rich PBLC in the applied dose range stimulate circadian eating behaviour, which cannot only be attributed to their presence during concentrate feeding hours, but persist during post-concentrate feeding hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg19b, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Kolkata, India
| | - Sebastian Geiger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg19b, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg19b, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Stumpff F, Manneck D, Martens H. Unravelling the secrets of the caecum. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:925-926. [PMID: 31197447 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David Manneck
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Pouokam E, Diener M. Segmental differences in ion transport in rat cecum. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1007-1023. [PMID: 31093757 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion-transport properties of the epithelium of the cecum, the biggest fermental chamber in non-ruminant species, are largely unknown. Recently, in Ussing chamber experiments, segmental differences in basal short-circuit current (Isc) in rat corpus ceci were observed. The oral segment usually exhibited a much lower or even negative basal Isc in comparison with the aboral segment. The aim of the present study was the closer characterization of these differences. Basal Isc was inhibited by bumetanide and tetrodotoxin in both segments, whereas indomethacin reduced basal Isc only in the aboral corpus. Amiloride did not inhibit basal Isc suggesting that spontaneous anion secretion (but not electrogenic Na+ absorption via ENaC) contributes to the baseline current. In both segments, mucosally applied K+ channel blockers increased Isc indicating a spontaneous K+ secretion. Basolateral depolarization was used to characterize the ion conductances in the apical membrane. When a Cl- gradient was applied, apical Cl- conductance stimulated by carbachol and by forskolin was revealed. When the Cl- gradient was omitted and instead a K+ gradient was used to drive currents across apical K+ channels, a Ba2+-sensititve K+ conductance was observed in both segments, and carbachol stimulated this conductance leading to a negative Isc. Conversely, forskolin induced a positive Isc under these conditions which was dependent on the presence of mucosal Na+ consistent with electrogenic Na+ absorption. This current was reduced by amiloride and several blockers of members of the TRP channel superfamily. These results indicate that similar transport mechanisms are involved in electrogenic ion transport across cecal oral and aboral segments, but with a higher spontaneous prostaglandin production in the aboral segment responsible for higher basal transport rates of both anions and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervice Pouokam
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Diener
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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25
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Martens H, Stumpff F. Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1023-1029. [PMID: 31025783 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, no specific hormonal regulation system has been identified for homoeostatic control of the essential mineral Mg. In cattle, the maintenance of physiological plasma Mg concentration depends on gastrointestinal absorption, primarily from the rumen, which serves as a pool for covering the requirement. Whereas a possible surplus (absorption greater than requirement) is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, a shortage (absorption lower than requirement) cannot be compensated for by mobilization from the large Mg pool in bones or soft tissue, so that the maintenance of the necessary physiological Mg concentration in plasma relies on continuous and sufficient absorption. Our knowledge concerning the site and mechanisms of Mg absorption has improved during the last few decades, and meta-analyses of the absorption of Mg in dairy cows have shown that the K content has a pronounced negative effect on Mg digestibility. The current recommendations of Mg intake propose a constant percentage of Mg and emphasize the depressive effect of high potassium (K) intake on Mg absorption. The current knowledge about the antagonism between K intake and Mg absorption allows a more flexible solution which includes the K content of the diet. An assessment of Mg intake is proposed that incorporates the improved knowledge of Mg absorption, metabolism and requirement. Within this framework, an equation is derived that allows a prediction of the amount of Mg required to compensate for dietary K content, the goal being to avoid both possible undernutrition or an unnecessary surplus of dietary Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Braun HS, Schrapers KT, Mahlkow-Nerge K, Stumpff F, Rosendahl J. Dietary supplementation of essential oils in dairy cows: evidence for stimulatory effects on nutrient absorption. Animal 2019; 13:518-523. [PMID: 30025546 PMCID: PMC6378544 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of recent in vitro experiments suggest that essential oils (EO) may not only influence ruminal fermentation but also modulate the absorption of cations like Na+, Ca2+ and NH4 + across ruminal epithelia of cattle and sheep through direct interaction with epithelial transport proteins, such as those of the transient receptor potential family. The aim of the current study was to examine this hypothesis by testing the effect of a blend of essential oils (BEO) on cation status and feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows. In the experiment, 72 dairy cows in mid-to-end lactation were divided into two groups of 36 animals each and fed the same mixed ration with or without addition of BEO in a 2×2 cross-over design. Feed intake, milk yield and composition, plasma and urine samples were monitored. Feeding BEO elevated milk yield, milk fat and protein yield as well as feed efficiency, whereas urea levels in plasma and milk decreased. In addition, plasma calcium levels increased significantly upon BEO supplementation, supporting the hypothesis that enhanced cation absorption might contribute to the beneficial effects of these EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Braun
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Freie Universität Berlin,Oertzenweg 19b,14163 Berlin,Germany
| | - K T Schrapers
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Freie Universität Berlin,Oertzenweg 19b,14163 Berlin,Germany
| | - K Mahlkow-Nerge
- 2Agrarwirtschaft,FH Kiel University of Applied Sciences,Grüner Kamp 11, 24783 Osterrönfeld,Germany
| | - F Stumpff
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Freie Universität Berlin,Oertzenweg 19b,14163 Berlin,Germany
| | - J Rosendahl
- 1Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Freie Universität Berlin,Oertzenweg 19b,14163 Berlin,Germany
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27
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Rabbani I, Braun HS, Akhtar T, Liebe F, Rosendahl J, Grunau M, Tietjen U, Masood S, Kaessmeyer S, Günzel D, Rehman H, Stumpff F. A comparative study of ammonia transport across ruminal epithelia from Bos indicus crossbreds versus Bos taurus. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1692-1700. [PMID: 30280470 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of ammonia from the rumen of cattle decreases nitrogen availability for fermentational protein synthesis, leading to increased competition of cattle with humans for protein and enhancing the release of toxic nitrogenous compounds into the environment. Given that differences in feeding and breeding might induce differences in ruminal ammonia transport, we compared electrophysiological, histological, and molecular biological characteristics of ruminal epithelia of Bos indicus crossbreds (Sahiwal-Mix, SWM) with those of Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian, HF). As in HF, the stratified cornified epithelium of SWM expressed claudin 1 and 4. Measurements of ammonia flux (HF) and serosal pH (both breeds) suggested that at a mucosal pH of 6.4, net transport primarily occurred as NH4 + . As shown previously for HF, NH4 + induced a concentration-dependent rise in short circuit current (Isc ) in SWM that could be further stimulated by the TRP channel agonist menthol. Relative mRNA expression levels for TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM6, and TRPM7 were significantly lower in SWM than in HF, with TRPA1 expression near the limit of detection. We conclude that uptake of ammonia from the rumen of both breeds occurs electrogenically as NH4 + with functional and molecular biological evidence pointing towards involvement of TRPV3 and TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Rabbani
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hannah-Sophie Braun
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,PerformaNat GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tasneem Akhtar
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Franziska Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Rosendahl
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,PerformaNat GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Grunau
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Tietjen
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Patra AK, Amasheh S, Aschenbach JR. Modulation of gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals by natural plant bioactive compounds – A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3237-3266. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1486284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 K. B. Sarani, Belgachia, Kolkata, India
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rudolf Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, Berlin, Germany
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