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Zeng H, Yi K, Yang S, Jiang Y, Mao P, Yu Y, Feng Y, Dong Y, Dou L, Li M. Photosynthetic performance of glumes of oat spikelets is more stable for grain-filling stage under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108890. [PMID: 38950462 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress affects plant photosynthesis, leading to a reduction in the quality and yield of crop production. Non-foliar organs play a complementary role in photosynthesis during plant growth and development and are important sources of energy. However, there are limited studies on the performance of non-foliar organs under drought stress. The photosynthetic-responsive differences of oat spikelet organs (glumes, lemmas and paleas) and flag leaves to drought stress during the grain-filling stage were examined. Under drought stress, photosynthetic performance of glume is more stable. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll b, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. (Fv/Fm), and electron transport rate (ETR) were significantly higher in the glume compared to the flag leaf. The transcriptome data revealed that stable expression of the RCCR gene under drought stress was the main reason for maintaining higher chlorophyll content in the glume. Additionally, no differential expression genes (DEGs) related to Photosystem Ⅰ (PSI) reaction centers were found, and drought stress primarily affects the Photosystem II (PSII) reaction center. In spikelets, the CP43 and CP47 subunits of PSII and the AtpB subunit of ATP synthase were increased on the thylakoid membrane, contributing to photosynthetic stabilisation of spikelets as a means of supplementing the limited photosynthesis of the leaves under drought stress. The results enhanced understanding of the photosynthetic performance of oat spikelet during the grain-filling stage, and also provided an important basis on improving the photosynthetic capacity of non-foliar organs for the selection and breeding new oat varieties with high yield and better drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Yongxiang Dong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 1000101, China.
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Sharma J, Kumar S, Singh P, Kumar V, Verma S, Khyalia P, Sharma A. Emerging role of osmoprotectant glycine betaine to mitigate heavy metals toxicity in plants: a systematic review. Biol Futur 2024; 75:159-176. [PMID: 38183566 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity has become one of the major global issues and poses a serious threat to the environment in recent years. HM pollution in agricultural soil is caused by metal mining, smelting, volcanic activity, industrial discharges, and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers. HMs above a threshold level adversely affect the cellular metabolism of plants by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which attack cellular proteins. There are different mechanisms (physiological and morphological) adopted by plants to survive in the era of abiotic stress. Various osmoprotectants or compatible solutes, including amino acids, sugar, and betaines, enable the plants to counteract the HM stress. Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective osmolyte against HM stress among compatible solutes. GB has been shown to improve plant growth, photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients, and minimize oxidative stress in plants under HM stress. Additionally, GB increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and POD (peroxidase), which are effective in scavenging unwarranted ROS. Since not all species of plants can naturally produce or accumulate GB in response to stress, various approaches have been explored for introducing them. Plant hormones like salicylic acid, ABA (abscisic acid), and JA (jasmonic acid) co-ordinately stimulate the accumulation of GB inside the cell under HM stress. Apart from the exogenous application, the introduction of GB pathway genes in GB deficient species via genetic engineering also seems to be efficient in mediating HM stress. This review complied the beneficial effects of GB in mitigating HM stress and its role as a plant growth regulator. Additionally, the review explores the potential for engineering GB biosynthesis in plants as a strategy to bolster their resilience to HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pradeep Khyalia
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Botany, Baba Mast Nath University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- Department of Environmental Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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Chen ZJ, Qu YN, Li SY, Wang HW, Ji CH, Shi XZ, Yang H, Li XS. Insight into the relationship between metabolic enzymes and oxadiazon degradation in Oryza sativa for reducing environmental risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116242. [PMID: 38513530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxadiazon (ODZ) is extensively utilized in agricultural fields for weed control owing to its strong effectiveness. However, excessive loading of ODZ in water bodies and agricultural soils can lead to various environmental concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the ODZ metabolic process and associated mechanisms in crops to assess the likelihood of ODZ contamination in the environment. This study aimed to assess the effects of ODZ on the growth and toxicological responses of rice (Oryza sativa). The growth of rice tissues was notably compromised with the increase in ODZ concentrations. RNA sequencing in combination with liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-HRMS/MS) analysis allowed for the identification of numerous transcriptional components associated with ODZ metabolism. Four libraries comprising rice roots and shoots exposed to ODZ were RNA-sequenced in triplicate. The application of environmentally realistic ODZ concentrations upregulated the expression of 844 genes in shoots and 1476 genes in roots. Gene enrichment analysis revealed the presence of multiple enzymes involved in ODZ metabolism and detoxification. These enzymes play a critical role in mitigating environmental stress and facilitating xenobiotic metabolism. Notably, among differentially expressed genes, several key enzymes were identified, including cytochrome P450s, protein kinases, aminotransferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the metabolic process. Using LC-Q-TOF-HRMS/MS, 3 metabolites and 13 conjugates were identified in multiple metabolic pathways involving oxidation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, acetylation, and methylation. This study successfully established a potential link between the specific metabolic products of ODZ and increased activities of their corresponding enzymes. Moreover, this study considerably elucidates the detailed pathways and mechanisms involved in ODZ metabolism. The study findings provide valuable insights into the development of genotypes for reducing ODZ residues in paddy fields and minimizing their accumulation in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jie Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Ya Nan Qu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Si Ying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hao Wen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | | | - Xu Zhen Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Sheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Wang D, Zheng J, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Chen J. Unveiling terahertz wave stress effects and mechanisms in Pinellia ternata: Challenges, insights, and future directions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14195. [PMID: 38332400 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate the intricate effects and mechanisms of terahertz (THz) wave stress on Pinellia ternata, providing valuable insights into plant responses. The primary objective is to highlight the imperative for future research dedicated to comprehending THz wave impacts across plant structures, with a specific focus on the molecular intricacies governing root system structure and function, from shoots to roots. Notably, this review highlights the accelerated plant growth induced by THz waves, especially in conjunction with other environmental stressors, and the subsequent alterations in cellular homeostasis, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids are explored for their dual role as toxic by-products of stress metabolism and vital signal transduction molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The paper further investigates the spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, including growth hormone, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA), which significantly influence the growth and development of P. ternata under THz wave stress. With a comprehensive review of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Brassinosteroid Insensitive (BRI) homeostasis and signalling under THz wave stress, the article elucidates the current understanding of BRI involvement in stress perception, stress signalling, and domestication response regulation. Additionally, it underscores the importance of spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of key plant hormones, such as growth hormone, cytokinin, and ABA, in determining root growth and development under THz wave stress. The study of how plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses holds fundamental biological significance, and enhancing plant stress tolerance is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the environmental burdens associated with low-tolerance crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Mohan N, Jhandai S, Bhadu S, Sharma L, Kaur T, Saharan V, Pal A. Acclimation response and management strategies to combat heat stress in wheat for sustainable agriculture: A state-of-the-art review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111834. [PMID: 37597666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in climate change on the planet is associated with frequent extreme high-temperature events impacting crop yield globally. Wheat is an economically and nutritionally important crop that fulfils global food requirements and each degree rise in temperature results in ∼6% of its yield reduction. Thus, understanding the impact of climate change, especially the terminal heat stress on global wheat production, becomes critically important for policymakers, crop breeders, researchers and scientists to ensure global food security. This review describes how wheat perceives heat stress and induces stress adaptation events by its morpho-physiological, phenological, molecular, and biochemical makeup. Temperature above a threshold level in crop vicinity leads to irreversible injuries, viz. destruction of cellular membranes and enzymes, generation of active oxygen species, redox imbalance, etc. To cope with these changes, wheat activates its heat tolerance mechanisms characterized by hoarding up soluble carbohydrates, signalling molecules, and heat tolerance gene expressions. Being vulnerable to heat stress, increasing wheat production without delay seeks strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects and provoke the methods for its sustainable development. Thus, to ensure the crop's resilience to stress and increasing food demand, this article circumscribes the integrated management approaches to enhance wheat's performance and adaptive capacity besides its alleviating risks of increasing temperature anticipated with climate change. Implementing these integrated strategies in the face of risks from rising temperatures will assist us in producing sustainable wheat with improved yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India.
| | - Sonia Jhandai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Surina Bhadu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Lochan Sharma
- Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
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6
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Li X, Tang Y, Zhou C, Lv J. Contributions of glume and awn to photosynthesis, 14C assimilates and grain weight in wheat ears under drought stress. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21136. [PMID: 37886759 PMCID: PMC10597856 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ear photosynthesis plays a key role in wheat photosynthesis during the grain filling stage, particularly under drought stress. Thus, dissecting the responsibilities of the glume and awn in photosynthetic carbon fixation and assimilates transportation during the grain filling stage in spikes is imperative. In this study, the detachment of the glume (DG) and awn (DA) of a wheat variety (Pubing143) was used to estimate their influences on ear photosynthesis and dry matter distribution. Radioactive carbon-14 (14C) isotope was detected by a multifunctional liquid scintillation counting system. The accumulation of 14C assimilates and their contributions to grain weight were then calculated. Under well-watered conditions, ear photosynthesis was reduced by 16.8 % and 46.2 % 25 d after anthesis (DAA) in the de-glumed control (DGC) and de-awned control (DAC) treatments, respectively, compared with the intact ear control (IEC). Under drought stress, ear photosynthesis was reduced by 46 % and 74.2 % at 25 DAA after removing the glume and awn, respectively. Under normal conditions, the number of 14C assimilates of DGC, and DAC was reduced by 14.6 % and 20.9 % in grains at 25 DAA, respectively, compared with the IEC. Compared with IED, the 14C assimilates of DGD, and DAD declined by 17.2 % and 27 %, respectively, in grains at 25 DAA under drought conditions. Under well-watered conditions, the grain weight per pot was reduced by 11.2 % and 25.4 % in the de-glumed control (DGC) and de-awned control (DAC) treatments, respectively, compared with the intact ear control (IEC). The grain weight per pot was further reduced after removing the glume and awn (16 % and 32.2 %, respectively) under drought stress. Furthermore, the awn contribution to grain weight was twice that of the glume. Our results suggest that the glume and awn of ears play prominent roles during grain filling in wheat, especially under drought stress, and that the awn is more crucial than the glume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chunju Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Tian Y, Peng K, Ma X, Ren Z, Lou G, Jiang Y, Xia J, Wang D, Yu J, Cang J. Overexpression of TaMYB4 Confers Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11090. [PMID: 37446268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing stress is one of the main factors limiting the growth and yield of wheat. In this study, we found that TaMYB4 expression was significantly upregulated in the tillering nodes of the strong cold-resistant winter wheat variety Dongnongdongmai1 (Dn1) under freezing stress. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, qRT-PCR and protein-DNA interaction experiments demonstrated that monodehydroascorbate reductase (TaMDHAR) is a direct target of TaMYB4. The results showed that overexpression of TaMYB4 enhanced the freezing tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. In TaMYB4 overexpression lines (OE-TaMYB4), AtMDHAR2 expression was upregulated and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle operation was enhanced. In addition, the expression of cold stress marker genes such as AtCBF1, AtCBF2, AtCBF3, AtCOR15A, AtCOR47, AtKIN1 and AtRD29A in OE-TaMYB4 lines was significantly upregulated. Therefore, TaMYB4 may increase freezing tolerance as a transcription factor (TF) in Arabidopsis through the AsA-GSH cycle and DREB/CBF signaling pathway. This study provides a potential gene for molecular breeding against freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kankan Peng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhipeng Ren
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guicheng Lou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunshuang Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingqiu Xia
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Duojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Cang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Ren H, Guo H, Shafiqul Islam M, Zaki HEM, Wang Z, Wang H, Qi X, Guo J, Sun L, Wang Q, Li B, Li G, Radwan KSA. Improvement effect of biochar on soil microbial community structure and metabolites of decline disease bayberry. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1154886. [PMID: 37333636 PMCID: PMC10275294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline disease is a new disease that has recently caused severe damage in bayberry industry. The effect of biochar on decline disease was determined by investigating the changes in the vegetative growth and fruit quality of bayberry trees as well as soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community structure, and metabolites. Results indicated that the application of biochar could improve the vigor and fruit quality of diseased trees, and rhizosphere soil microbial diversity at the levels of phyla, orders, and genera. The relative abundance of Mycobacterium, Crossiella, Geminibasidium, and Fusarium were significantly increased, while Acidothermus, Bryobacter, Acidibacter, Cladophialophora, Mycena, and Rickenella were significantly decreased by biochar in rhizosphere soil of decline diseased bayberry. Analysis of redundancies (RDA) of microbial communities and soil characteristics revealed that the composition of bacterial and fungal communities was significantly affected by the pH, organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in bayberry rhizosphere soil, and the contribution rates to fungi were larger than those to bacteria at the genus level. Biochar greatly influenced the metabolomics distribution of rhizosphere soils of decline disease bayberry. One hundred and nine different metabolites from both the presence and absence of biochar, mainly include acid, alcohol, ester, amine, amino acid, sterol, sugar, and other secondary metabolites, of which the contents of 52 metabolites were increased significantly such as aconitic acid, threonic acid, pimelic acid, epicatechin, and lyxose. The contents of 57 metabolites decreased significantly, such as conduritol β-expoxide, zymosterol, palatinitol, quinic acid, and isohexoic acid. There was a great difference between the absence and presence of biochar in 10 metabolic pathways, including thiamine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, butanoate metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phosphotransferase system (pts), and lysine degradation. There was a significant correlation between the relative content of microbial species and the content of secondary metabolites in rhizosphere soil at the levels of bacterial and fungal phyla, order, and genus. Overall, this study highlighted the significant influence of biochar in decline disease by regulating soil microbial community, physical and chemical properties, and secondary metabolites in rhizosphere soil, which provided a novel strategy for managing bayberry decline disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Haitham E. M. Zaki
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
- Applied Biotechnology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Sur, Sur, Oman
| | - Zhenshuo Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junning Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Horticulture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Khlode S. A. Radwan
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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9
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Ma C, Lin L, Yang J, Liu F, Berrettoni M, Zhang K, Liu N, Zhang H. Mechanisms of lead uptake and accumulation in wheat grains based on atmospheric deposition-soil sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163845. [PMID: 37146818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) accumulation in wheat grains depends on two aspects: i) Pb uptake by the roots and shoots, and ii) the translocation of organ Pb into the grain. However, the underlying mechanism of the uptake and transport of Pb in wheat remains unclear. This study explored this mechanism by establishing field leaf-cutting comparison treatments. Interestingly, as the organ with the highest Pb concentration, only 20.40 % of the root's relative contribution to grain Pb. The relative contributions of the spike, flag leaf, second leaf, and third leaf to grain Pb were 33.13 %, 23.57 %, 13.21 %, and 9.69 %, respectively, which was opposite to their Pb concentration distribution trends. According to Pb isotope analysis, it was found leaf-cutting treatments reduced the proportion of atmospheric Pb in grain, and grain Pb predominantly comes from atmospheric deposition (79.60 %). Furthermore, from the bottom to the top, the concentration of Pb in internodes decreased gradually, and the proportions of Pb originating from soil in the nodes also decreased, revealing that wheat nodes hindered the translocation of Pb from roots and leaves to the grain. Therefore, the hindering effect of nodes on the migration of soil Pb in wheat resulted in atmospheric Pb having a more convenient pathway to the grain than soil Pb, and further leading grain Pb accumulation primarily depended on the contribution of the flag leaf and spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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10
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Asghar MA, Kulman K, Szalai G, Gondor OK, Mednyánszky Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Gaudinova A, Dobrev PI, Vanková R, Kocsy G. Effect of ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide on hormone and metabolite levels during post-germination growth in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13887. [PMID: 36894826 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of hormone and metabolite levels by ascorbate (ASA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was compared during post-germination growth in shoots of wheat. Treatment with ASA resulted in a greater reduction of growth than the addition of H2 O2 . ASA also had a larger effect on the redox state of the shoot tissues as shown by the higher ASA and glutathione (GSH) levels, lower glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content and GSSG/GSH ratio compared to the H2 O2 treatment. Apart from common responses (i.e., increase of cis-zeatin and its O-glucosides), the contents of several compounds related to cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism were greater after ASA application. These differences in the redox state and hormone metabolism following the two treatments may be responsible for their distinct influence on various metabolic pathways. Namely, the glycolysis and citrate cycle were inhibited by ASA and they were not affected by H2 O2 , while the amino acid metabolism was induced by ASA and repressed by H2 O2 based on the changes in the level of the related carbohydrates, organic and amino acids. The first two pathways produce reducing power, while the last one needs it; therefore ASA, as a reductant may suppress and induce them, respectively. H2 O2 as an oxidant had different effect, namely it did not alter glycolysis and citrate cycle, and inhibited the formation of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Kitti Kulman
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Mednyánszky
- Department of Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Livia Simon-Sarkadi
- Department of Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
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11
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Ma C, Lin L, Yang J, Zhang H. The Relative Contributions of Different Wheat Leaves to the Grain Cadmium Accumulation. TOXICS 2022; 10:637. [PMID: 36355929 PMCID: PMC9697351 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing atmospheric particles pollution, wheat cadmium (Cd) pollution caused by atmospheric deposition in agro-ecosystems has attracted increasing attention. However, the relative contribution of different wheat leaves-to-grain Cd accumulation is still unclear. We assessed the roles of different wheat leaves on grain Cd accumulation with field-comparative experiments during the filling stage. Results show that wheat leaves can direct uptake atmospheric Cd through stomata, and the flag leaf exhibited a higher Cd concentration compared to other leaves. The relative contribution of the leaves-to-grain Cd accumulation decreased gradually during the grain-filling period, from 34.44% reaching 14.48%, indicating that the early grain-filling period is the critical period for leaf Cd contributions. Moreover, the relative contribution of flag leaves (7.27%) to grain Cd accumulation was larger than that of the sum of other leaves (7.21%) at maturity. Therefore, the flag leaf is the key leaf involved in grain Cd accumulation, and controlling the transport of Cd from leaves to grains at the early filling period, particularly flag leaf, could help to ensure wheat grain safety, thus ensuring the safety of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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12
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Physiological and Antioxidant Response to Different Water Deficit Regimes of Flag Leaves and Ears of Wheat Grown under Combined Elevated CO2 and High Temperature. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182384. [PMID: 36145784 PMCID: PMC9504337 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gazul is a spring wheat widely cultivated in Castilla y León (Spain). Potted plants were grown in a scenario emulating the climate change environmental conditions expected by the end of this century, i.e., with elevated CO2 and high temperature under two water deficit regimes: long (LWD) and terminal (TWD). Changes in biomass and morphology, the content of proline (Pro), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic antioxidant activities were analyzed in flag leaves and ears. Additionally, leaf gas exchange was measured. LWD caused a decrease in biomass and AsA content but an increase in Pro content and catalase and GSH reductase activities in flag leaves, whereas TWD produced no significant changes. Photosynthesis was enhanced under both water deficit regimes. Increase in superoxide dismutase activity and Pro content was only observed in ears under TWD. The lack of a more acute effect of LWD and TWD on both organs was attributed to the ROS relieving effect of elevated CO2. Gazul acted as a drought tolerant variety with anisohydric behavior. A multifactorial analysis showed better adaptation of ears to water deficit than flag leaves, underlining the importance of this finding for breeding programs to improve grain yield under future climate change.
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Tian H, Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen Y, Jia Z, Shao Y, Wang H. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of oat flag leaf and spike to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917528. [PMID: 35968085 PMCID: PMC9365945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Raising crops production via improving photosynthesis has always been focused. Recently excavating and increasing the photosynthetic capacity of non-leaf organs becomes an important approach to crops yield increase. Here we studied the photosynthetic characteristics of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs including the sheath, the glume and the lemma under greenhouse. The relative water content (RWC), the stomatal characteristics, the photosynthetic pigment contents, the enzyme activities in C3 and C4 pathway and the malate content of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs on 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after anthesis (denoted by 7DAA, 14DAA, 21DAA, and 28DAA) were determined under well-watered (CK) and water-stressed (D) treatments. Drought stress significantly reduced the RWC of the flag leaf and the non-leaf organs, while the variation of RWC in the glume and the lemma was lower than in the flag leaf. The chlorophyll a content, the chlorophyll b content, the total chlorophyll content and the xanthophyll content in the flag leaf were significantly decreased under D. However, drought stress significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment contents in the glume at the late stage (21DAA and 28DAA). In addition, the induced activities of PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME, NAD-ME, and PPDK in non-leaf organs under drought stress suggested that the C4 photosynthetic pathway in non-leaf organs compensated the limited C3 photosynthesis in the flag leaf. Non-leaf organs, in particular the glume, showed the crucial function in maintaining the stable photosynthetic performance of oat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Tian
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjun Chen
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifeng Jia
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yuqiao Shao
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Hickey K, Wood M, Sexton T, Sahin Y, Nazarov T, Fisher J, Sanguinet KA, Cousins A, Kirchhoff H, Smertenko A. Drought Tolerance Strategies and Autophagy in Resilient Wheat Genotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111765. [PMID: 35681460 PMCID: PMC9179661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought resiliency strategies combine developmental, physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms. Here, we compare drought responses in two resilient spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes: a well-studied drought-resilient Drysdale and a resilient genotype from the US Pacific North-West Hollis. While both genotypes utilize higher water use efficiency through the reduction of stomatal conductance, other mechanisms differ. First, Hollis deploys the drought escape mechanism to a greater extent than Drysdale by accelerating the flowering time and reducing root growth. Second, Drysdale uses physiological mechanisms such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to dissipate the excess of harvested light energy and sustain higher Fv/Fm and ϕPSII, whereas Hollis maintains constant NPQ but lower Fv/Fm and ϕPSII values. Furthermore, more electron donors of the electron transport chain are in the oxidized state in Hollis than in Drysdale. Third, many ROS homeostasis parameters, including peroxisome abundance, transcription of peroxisome biogenesis genes PEX11 and CAT, catalase protein level, and enzymatic activity, are higher in Hollis than in Drysdale. Fourth, transcription of autophagy flux marker ATG8.4 is upregulated to a greater degree in Hollis than in Drysdale under drought, whereas relative ATG8 protein abundance under drought stress is lower in Hollis than in Drysdale. These data demonstrate the activation of autophagy in both genotypes and a greater autophagic flux in Hollis. In conclusion, wheat varieties utilize different drought tolerance mechanisms. Combining these mechanisms within one genotype offers a promising strategy to advance crop resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahleen Hickey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Magnus Wood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Tom Sexton
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (T.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Yunus Sahin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Taras Nazarov
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Jessica Fisher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
| | - Karen A. Sanguinet
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Asaph Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (T.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 1772 NE Stadium Way, P.O. Box 99163, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (K.H.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (T.N.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (A.S.)
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15
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Ma C, Xie P, Yang J, Liu F, Hu H, Du J, Zhang K, Lin L, Zhang H. Relative contribution of environmental medium and internal organs to lead accumulation of wheat grain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151832. [PMID: 34813811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in wheat has received considerable research attention globally due to its persistence and ease of accumulation, posing severe health risks to humans. This study explored the relative contribution of the environmental medium (atmospheric deposition and soil) and wheat internal organs to Pb accumulation in wheat grains, using field experiments by contrasting treatments. The concentration and bioavailability of Pb in the soil were significantly lower than those of atmospherically deposited Pb (P < 0.05). Pb accumulation rate in wheat grains was consistent with the grain filling rate, which first increased and then decreased, reaching the highest level at the middle filling stage. Pb isotope analysis showed that atmospheric deposition was the main source of Pb in the shoots of wheat plants, contributing more than 80.0% of Pb in grains. Although the roots had the highest Pb concentration, the spikes had the greatest relative contribution (58.4%) to Pb accumulation in the wheat grains, followed by that of the leaves (24.5%), whereas the contribution of roots was the lowest (17.1%) among all plant organs. In addition, among all leaves, the contribution of flag leaves to Pb accumulation in the grain was higher than the cumulative contribution of all other leaves, where flag leaves and other leaves contributed 13.8% and 10.7%, respectively. Collectively, the absorption of atmospherically deposited Pb by wheat spikes is the leading cause of Pb pollution in wheat grains. These results may aid in formulating strategies to reduce Pb concentration in grains and ensure food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Huafeng Hu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 45001, China
| | - Jun Du
- Henan Academy of agricultural sciences, Zhengzhou 45001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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16
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Nardino M, Perin EC, Aranha BC, Carpes ST, Fontoura BH, de Sousa DJP, de Freitas DS. Understanding drought response mechanisms in wheat and multi-trait selection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266368. [PMID: 35421137 PMCID: PMC9009675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat crop is very sensitive to osmotic stress conditions. As an abiotic stress, drought may exert a considerable effect on the levels of specialized metabolites in plants. These metabolites may exert beneficial biological activities in the prevention or treatment of disorders linked to oxidative stress in plants and humans. Furthermore, osmoprotector accumulation helps wheat to increase the maintenance of osmotic balance. Therefore, identifying wheat genotypes with better drought tolerance is extremely important. In this sense, this research aimed to understand agronomic, physiological and biochemical responses of spring wheat strains and cultivars to drought stress, under field conditions, and jointly select strains via multi-trait index. We evaluated agronomic, physiological and biochemical variables in 18 genotypes under field condition. The results demonstrated that all variables were affected by the drought. Most genotypes were significantly reduced in grain yield, except VI_14774, VI_14668, VI_9007 and TBIO_ATON. The variables related to photosynthesis were also affected. An increase above 800% was observed in proline contents in genotypes under drought. Sodium and potassium also increased, mainly for VI_131313 (Na), while VI_130758 and VI_14774 presented increased K. We evaluated the antioxidant potential of the different strains and the total content of phenolic compounds. The most drought-responsive genotypes were BRS_264, VI_14050 and VI_14426. Reduced grain yield and photosynthetic variables, and increased specialized metabolism compounds are due to plant defense mechanisms against drought conditions. Furthermore, variation in genotypes can be explained by the fact that each plant presents a different defense and tolerance mechanism, which may also occur between genotypes of the same species. Four strains were selected by the multivariate index: VI_14055, VI_14001, VI_14426 and VI_1466. Such results allow us to predict which genotype(s) performed best in semi-arid environments and under climatic fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Nardino
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Perin
- Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná campus Pato Branco, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Solange Teresinha Carpes
- Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná campus Pato Branco, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Fontoura
- Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná campus Pato Branco, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
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Luo Q, Ma Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Ma Y. Biochemical responses of hairgrass ( Deschampsia caespitosa) to hydrological change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987845. [PMID: 36226294 PMCID: PMC9549154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are closely related to water availability. Water deficit and water excess are detrimental to plants, causing a series of damage to plant morphology, physiological and biochemical processes. In the long evolutionary process, plants have evolved an array of complex mechanisms to combat against stressful conditions. In the present study, the duration-dependent changes in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents and activities of enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle in hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) in response to water stress was investigated in a pot trial using a complete random block design. The treatments were as follows: (1) heavily waterlogging, (2) moderate waterlogging, (3) light waterlogging, (4) light drought, (5) moderate drought, (6) heavily drought, and (7) a control (CK) with plant be maintained at optimum water availability. The hairgrass plants were subjected to waterlogging or drought for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and data were measured following treatment. Results revealed that hairgrass subjected to water stress can stimulate enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), switched on the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and the L-galactose synthesis, up-regulated the contents of AsA and GSH, and maintained higher ratios of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) to alleviate potential oxidative damage. However, the light waterlogging did not induce hairgrass under stress to switch on the AsA-GSH pathway. In general, the critic substances and enzyme activities in AsA-GSH metabolic pathway increased as the increase of water stress intensity. As the increase of exposure duration, the critic antioxidant substances content and enzyme activities increased first and then maintained a relatively stable higher level. Our findings provide comprehensive information on biochemical responses of hairgrass to hydrological change, which would be a major step for accelerating ecological restoration of degradation alpine marshes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yushou Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yushou Ma,
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18
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Meng X, Luo S, Dawuda MM, Gao X, Wang S, Xie J, Tang Z, Liu Z, Wu Y, Jin L, Lyu J, Yu J. Exogenous silicon enhances the systemic defense of cucumber leaves and roots against CA-induced autotoxicity stress by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and photosystem II. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112879. [PMID: 34649142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (CA), one of the main autotoxins secreted by cucumber roots during continuous cropping, inhibits plant growth and reduces yield. Silicon (Si) is an environmentally friendly element that alleviates abiotic stresses in plants, but the mechanism underlying its resistance to autotoxicity remain unclear. Here, we used 0.8 mmol L-1 CA to study the effects of Si application on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle of cucumber seedlings under CA inducing conditions. Our results indicated that CA significantly induced photoinhibition and overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting cucumber growth. Treatment with 1.0 mmol L-1 Si improved plant height, stem diameter and biomass accumulation, and protected the photosynthetic electron transport function of photosystem II in the presence of CA. Similarly, Si application maintained the ROS status by increasing ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) production, as well as the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in both leaves and roots during CA stress. In addition, Si application in CA-treated seedlings enhanced the activity of key enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the transcription of several enzyme genes (CsAPX, CsMDHAR and CsGR) from the AsA-GSH cycle. These results suggest that exogenous Si enhances CA tolerance in cucumber seedlings by protecting photosystem II activity, upregulating AsA-GSH pathway, and reducing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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19
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Ge Z, Gao L, Ma N, Hu E, Li M. Variation in the content and fluorescent composition of dissolved organic matter in soil water during rainfall-induced wetting and extract of dried soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148296. [PMID: 34118671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is present in all soils, providing a readily available carbon source for microorganisms, which influences microbially mediated biogeochemical processes. Rainfall-induced wetting can alter the content and composition of soil DOM. However, conventional methods commonly used to extract DOM from soils involve air- or oven-drying followed by extraction with water, and the results vary considerably in terms of indexes used. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the variation in DOM content and composition of soil gravity water and capillary water during wetting, and establish a better method to obtain real soil DOM information. Following simulated rainfall (50 mm h-1, 0-24 h), gravity water and capillary water in fresh soil samples were separated using a high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. Additionally, DOM in dried soil samples was extracted using various soil/water ratios after drying by different methods. The DOM data obtained by conventional methods were compared with capillary water data. The results showed that DOM degradation occurred mainly in capillary water close to the surface of soil particles. Among the six fluorescent components of DOM identified, a tryptophan-like component (Ex/Em = 295/335 nm and 230/335 nm) was possibly derived from terrestrial plants, and a tyrosine-like component (Ex/Em = 265/305 nm) was likely derived from microbial secretion. Except for little variation in the fluorescence index, dissolved organic carbon concentrations in capillary water were double those in dried soil extracted by conventional methods. The humification index and spectral slope ratio of DOM extracted by conventional methods also markedly varied, and no clear patterns were observed for the variation in specific UV absorbance at 254 nm. These findings allow real information to be obtained regarding soil DOM during wetting, and better selection of the extraction method and indexes when studying soil DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Ge
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - En Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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20
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Drought stress-induced changes in redox metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Biol Futur 2021; 72:347-358. [PMID: 34554555 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, influence of water stress on redox metabolism was evaluated in the flag leaf and grains of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes viz DWRB 101, 432 ICARDA, Jyoti and 430 ICARDA at 10th, 20th and 30th days after anthesis (DAA). Relative water content, electrolyte leakage, antioxidative enzymes and their related metabolites were studied during drought stress. Relative water content was well maintained in both the tissues of DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA. The upregulation of catalase at 20th DAA while ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydro reductase at 30th DAA in the flag leaf and grains of DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA may be responsible for lesser increase in H2O2 content as compared to other genotypes. Moreover, the downregulation of superoxide dismutase was comparatively higher in Jyoti and 430 ICARDA. The redox homeostasis was well established during the stress in DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA by maintaining comparatively higher ratios of ascorbate/dehydroascorbate and reduced/oxidized glutathione. Therefore, scrutiny of data indicated that DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA may perform better under drought stress in comparison with Jyoti and 430 ICARDA.
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21
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Ma C, Liu F, Xie P, Zhang K, Yang J, Zhao J, Zhang H. Mechanism of Pb absorption in wheat grains. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125618. [PMID: 33735766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition is the primary source of external environmental media for lead (Pb) influx in wheat grains. However, the mechanisms of Pb grain absorption remains unclear. We explored this mechanism through comparative experiments, involving defoliating leaf blades (TG) and a control group (CK) of field wheat after the anthesis stage. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis displayed that leaves and ears can directly absorb atmospheric deposition Pb through stomata. Compared with CK, the yield, grain Pb content, and grain Pb accumulation of TG wheat were significantly decreased by 13.25%, 22.10%, and 32.58%, respectively. Combined with the Pb isotope analysis, the ear had the highest contribution to grain Pb followed by leaf and root. Simultaneously, the absorption rate of grain Pb demonstrated a dynamic trend of "N" shape. Dominant contribution periods of the root, leaf, and ear organs to grain Pb accumulation were different. Unlike the root system, the contribution of the aboveground to grain Pb increased gradually, and the contribution of leaf and ear to grain Pb were mainly concentrated in the early and late filling stage, respectively. Our findings can provide a theoretical basis for the control of Pb pollution in grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China.
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC) 62032, Italy
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihong Zhao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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22
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Tambussi EA, Maydup ML, Carrión CA, Guiamet JJ, Araus JL. Ear photosynthesis in C3 cereals and its contribution to grain yield: methodologies, controversies, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3956-3970. [PMID: 33764460 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In C3 cereals such as wheat and barley, grain filling was traditionally explained as being sustained by assimilates from concurrent leaf photosynthesis and remobilization from the stem. In recent decades, a role for ear photosynthesis as a contributor to grain filling has emerged. This review analyzes several aspects of this topic: (i) methodological approaches for estimation of ear photosynthetic contribution to grain filling; (ii) the existence of genetic variability in the contribution of the ear, and evidence of genetic gains in the past; (iii) the controversy of the existence of C4 metabolism in the ear; (iv) the response of ear photosynthesis to water deficit; and (v) morphological and physiological traits possibly related to ear temperature and thermal balance of the ear. The main conclusions are: (i) there are a number of methodologies to quantify ear photosynthetic activity (e.g. gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence) and the contribution of the ear to grain filling (individual ear shading, ear emergence in shaded canopies, and isotope composition); (ii) the contribution of ear photosynthesis seems to have increased in modern wheat germplasm; (iii) the contribution of the ear to grain filling increases under resource-limitation (water deficit, defoliation, or pathogen infection); (iv) there is genetic variability in the contribution of the ear in wheat, opening up the possibility to use this trait to ameliorate grain yield; (v) current evidence supports the existence of C3 metabolism rather than C4 metabolism; (vi) the ear is a 'dehydration avoider organ' under drought; and (vii) thermal balance in the ear is a relevant issue to explore, and more research is needed to clarify the underlying morphological and physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Tambussi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María L Maydup
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Carrión
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Juan J Guiamet
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), cc 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jose L Araus
- Unitat de Fisiología Vegetal, Departament de Botánica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida,Spain
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23
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Wang J, Gao H, Guo Z, Meng Y, Yang M, Li X, Yang Q. Adaptation responses in C 4 photosynthesis of sweet maize (Zea mays L.) exposed to nicosulfuron. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112096. [PMID: 33647854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicosulfuron is an ingredient in photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides and has been widely used in corn post-emergence weed control. In the current study, a pair of sister lines, HK301 (nicosulfuron-tolerence, NT) and HK320 (nicosulfuron-sensitive, NS), was used to study the effect of nicosulfuron in sweet maize seedlings on C4 photosynthetic enzymes and non-enzymatic substances, expression levels of key enzymes, and chloroplast structure. Nicosulfuron was sprayed at the four-leaf stage, and water was sprayed as a control. After nicosulfuron treatment, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities of NT were significantly higher than those of NS. Compared to NT, malate, oxaloacetic acid, and pyruvic acid significantly decreased as exposure time increased in NS. Compared to NS, nicosulfuron treatment significantly increased the expression levels of PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME, PPDK, and Rubisco genes in NT. Under nicosulfuron treatment, chloroplast ultrastructure of NS, compared to that of NT, nicosulfuron induced swelling of the chloroplast volume and reduced starch granules in NS. In general, our results indicate that in different resistant sweet maize, C4 photosynthetic enzymes activity and key genes expression play a critical role in enhancing the adaptability of plants to nicosulfuron stress at a photosynthetic physiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenqing Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanyu Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
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24
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Luo W, Gong Y, Tang Y, Pu P, Yang X, Zhou C, Lv J, Yan X. Glutathione and ethylene biosynthesis reveal that the glume and lemma have better tolerance to water deficit in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:120-129. [PMID: 33485150 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As senescence progresses, the sensitivity of wheat organs to plant hormones during the grain-filling stages cannot be ignored. Especially under water deficit situation, non-leaf organs (spikes) have better photosynthesis and drought-tolerance traits than flag leaves. However, the mechanism of ethylene synthesis in wheat organs under water deficit remains unclear. We have studied the influence of water deficit in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts on photosynthetic parameters and on the expression of key enzymes involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway during the late grain-filling stages. More stable chlorophyll content (Chl), maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm') were observed in the spike bracts than that in the flag leaves during the late grain-filling stages. In addition, the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) acid synthase (ACS), and ACC oxidase (ACO) induced ethylene synthesis and influenced plant growth. Further analysis of genes encoding cysteine-ethylene related proteins (γ-ECS, GR, ACO, ACS1, and ASC2) demonstrated that ear organs and flag leaves exhibited different expression patterns. These findings will facilitate future investigations of the regulatory senescence response mechanisms of cysteine interaction with ethylene in wheat under conditions of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Gong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- College of Vveterinary Mmedicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiangna Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Chunju Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Xia Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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25
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Liu H, Able AJ, Able JA. Small RNAs and their targets are associated with the transgenerational effects of water-deficit stress in durum wheat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3613. [PMID: 33574419 PMCID: PMC7878867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-deficit stress negatively affects wheat yield and quality. Abiotic stress on parental plants during reproduction may have transgenerational effects on progeny. Here we investigated the transgenerational influence of pre-anthesis water-deficit stress by detailed analysis of the yield components, grain quality traits, and physiological traits in durum wheat. Next-generation sequencing analysis profiled the small RNA-omics, mRNA transcriptomics, and mRNA degradomics in first generation progeny. Parental water-deficit stress had positive impacts on the progeny for traits including harvest index and protein content in the less stress-tolerant variety. Small RNA-seq identified 1739 conserved and 774 novel microRNAs (miRNAs). Transcriptome-seq characterised the expression of 66,559 genes while degradome-seq profiled the miRNA-guided mRNA cleavage dynamics. Differentially expressed miRNAs and genes were identified, with significant regulatory patterns subject to trans- and inter-generational stress. Integrated analysis using three omics platforms revealed significant biological interactions between stress-responsive miRNA and targets, with transgenerational stress tolerance potentially contributed via pathways such as hormone signalling and nutrient metabolism. Our study provides the first confirmation of the transgenerational effects of water-deficit stress in durum wheat. New insights gained at the molecular level indicate that key miRNA-mRNA modules are candidates for transgenerational stress improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Liu
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Amanda J. Able
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Jason A. Able
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064 Australia
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26
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Li Y, Yin W, Zhan Y, Jia Y, Cui D, Zhang W, Chang Y. Comparative metabolome analysis provides new insights into increased larval mortality under seawater acidification in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141206. [PMID: 32777501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mortality and metabolic responses of four-armed larvae of Strongylocentrotus intermedius under CO2-induced seawater acidification were investigated. Gametes of S. intermedius were fertilized and developed to the four-armed larval stage in either current natural seawater pH levels (as Control; pH = 7.99 ± 0.01) or laboratory-controlled acidified conditions (OA1: ΔpH = -0.3 units; OA2: ΔpH = -0.4 units; OA3: ΔpH = -0.5 units) according to the predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The degrees of spicule exposure and asymmetry and mortality of four-armed larvae of S. intermedius were observed; each had a significant linearly increasing trend as the seawater pH level decreased. Comparative metabolome analysis identified a total of 87 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (SDMs, UP: 57, DOWN: 30) in OA-treated groups compared with the control group. Twenty-three SDMs, including carnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:3, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) 16:1, glutathione (GSH) and L-ascorbate, exhibited a linear increasing trend with decreasing seawater pH. Nine SDMs exhibited a linear decreasing trend as the seawater pH declined, including hypoxanthine, guanine and thymidine. Among all SDMs, we further mined 48 potential metabolite biomarkers responding to seawater acidification in four-armed larvae of S. intermedius. These potential metabolite biomarkers were mainly enriched in five pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Our results will enrich our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms employed by sea urchins in response to CO2-induced seawater acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Wenlu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Yujie Jia
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Dongyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
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27
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Moursi YS, Thabet SG, Amro A, Dawood MFA, Baenziger PS, Sallam A. Detailed Genetic Analysis for Identifying QTLs Associated with Drought Tolerance at Seed Germination and Seedling Stages in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111425. [PMID: 33114292 PMCID: PMC7690857 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought induces several challenges for plant development, growth, and production. These challenges become more severe, in particular, in arid and semiarid countries like Egypt. In terms of production, barley ranks fourth after wheat, maize, and rice. Seed germination and seedling stages are critical stages for plant establishment and growth. In the current study, 60 diverse barley genotypes were tested for drought tolerance using two different treatments: control (0-PEG) and drought (20%-PEG). Twenty-two traits were estimated for seed germination and seedling parameters. All traits were reduced under drought stress, and a significant variation was found among genotypes under control and stress conditions. The broad-sense heritability estimates were very high under both control and drought for all traits. It ranged from 0.63 to 0.97 under the control condition and from 0.89 to 0.97 under drought, respectively. These high heritabilities suggested that genetic improvement of drought tolerance in barley at both stages is feasible. The principal component analysis revealed that root-related parameters account for the largest portion of phenotypic variation in this collection. The single-marker analysis (SMA) resulted in 71 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) distributed across the seven chromosomes of barley. Thirty-three QTLs were detected for root-length-related traits. Many hotspots of QTLs were detected for various traits. Interestingly, some markers controlled many traits in a pleiotropic manner; thus, they can be used to control multiple traits at a time. Some QTLs were constitutive, i.e., they are mapped under control and drought, and targeting these QTLs makes the selection for drought tolerance a single-step process. The results of gene annotation analysis revealed very potential candidate genes that can be targeted to select for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S. Moursi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (Y.S.M.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Samar G. Thabet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (Y.S.M.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Ahmed Amro
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut 71516, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.F.A.D.)
| | - Mona F. A. Dawood
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut 71516, Egypt; (A.A.); (M.F.A.D.)
| | - P. Stephen Baenziger
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Asyut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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28
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Sanchez-Bragado R, Vicente R, Molero G, Serret MD, Maydup ML, Araus JL. New avenues for increasing yield and stability in C3 cereals: exploring ear photosynthesis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:223-234. [PMID: 32088154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Small grain cereals such as wheat, rice and barley are among the most important crops worldwide. Any attempt to increase crop productivity and stability through breeding implies developing new strategies for plant phenotyping, including defining ideotype attributes for selection. Recently, the role of non-foliar photosynthetic organs, particularly the inflorescences, has received increasing attention. For example, ear photosynthesis has been reported to be a major contributor to grain filling in wheat and barley under stress and good agronomic conditions. This review provides an overview of the particular characteristics of the ear that makes this photosynthetic organ better adapted to grain filling than the flag leaf and revises potential metabolic and molecular traits that merit further research as targets for cereal improvement. Currently, the absence of high-throughput phenotyping methods limits the inclusion of ear photosynthesis in the breeding agenda. In this regard, a number of different approaches are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO Center, Av. R. Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Maria Dolors Serret
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - María Luján Maydup
- National Council of Scientific and Technological Research, CONICET, La Plata University- Plant Physiology Institute INFIVE, Argentina
| | - José Luis Araus
- Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain.
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29
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Wang H, Zhou Q, Mao P. Ultrastructural and Photosynthetic Responses of Pod Walls in Alfalfa to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4457. [PMID: 32585890 PMCID: PMC7352927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing photosynthetic ability as a whole is essential for acquiring higher crop yields. Nonleaf green organs (NLGOs) make important contributions to photosynthate formation, especially under stress conditions. However, there is little information on the pod wall in legume forage related to seed development and yield. This experiment is designed for alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under drought stress to explore the photosynthetic responses of pod walls after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of pollination (DAP5, DAP10, DAP15, and DAP20) based on ultrastructural, physiological and proteomic analyses. Stomata were evidently observed on the outer epidermis of the pod wall. Chloroplasts had intact structures arranged alongside the cell wall, which on DAP5 were already capable of producing photosynthate. The pod wall at the late stage (DAP20) still had photosynthetic ability under well-watered (WW) treatments, while under water-stress (WS), the structure of the chloroplast membrane was damaged and the grana lamella of thylakoids were blurry. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations both decreased with the development of pod walls, and drought stress impeded the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Although the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCo) decreased in the pod wall under drought stress, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) increased higher than that of RuBisCo. The proteomic analysis showed that the absorption of light is limited due to the suppression of the synthesis of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins by drought stress. Moreover, proteins involved in photosystem I and photosystem II were downregulated under WW compared with WS. Although the expression of some proteins participating in the regeneration period of RuBisCo was suppressed in the pod wall subjected to drought stress, the synthesis of PEPC was induced. In addition, some proteins, which were involved in the reduction period of RuBisCo, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism, and related to resistance, including chitinase, heat shock protein 81-2 (Hsp81-2), and lipoxygenases (LOXs), were highly expressed for the protective response to drought stress. It could be suggested that the pod wall in alfalfa is capable of operating photosynthesis and reducing the photosynthetic loss from drought stress through the promotion of the C4 pathway, ATP synthesis, and resistance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- College of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Qingping Zhou
- College of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Sattar A, Sher A, Ijaz M, Ul-Allah S, Rizwan MS, Hussain M, Jabran K, Cheema MA. Terminal drought and heat stress alter physiological and biochemical attributes in flag leaf of bread wheat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232974. [PMID: 32401803 PMCID: PMC7219757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress along with low water availability at reproductive stage (terminal growth phase of wheat crop) is major contributing factor towards less wheat production in tropics and sub-tropics. Flag leaf plays a pivotal role in assimilate partitioning and stress tolerance of wheat during terminal growth phase. However, limited is known about biochemical response of flag leaf to combined and individual heat and drought stress during terminal growth phase. Therefore, current study investigated combined and individual effect of terminal drought and heat stress on water relations, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes accumulation and antioxidants defense mechanism in flag leaf of bread wheat. Experimental treatments comprised of control, terminal drought stress alone (50% field capacity during reproductive phase), terminal heat stress alone (wheat grown inside plastic tunnel during reproductive phase) and terminal drought stress + terminal heat stress. Individual and combined imposition of drought and heat stresses significantly (p≤0.05) altered water relations, osmolyte contents, soluble proteins and sugars along with activated antioxidant defensive system in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Turgor potential, POD and APX activities were lowest under individual heat stress; however, these were improved when drought stress was combined with heat stress. It is concluded that combined effect of drought and heat stress was more detrimental than individual stresses. The interactive effect of both stresses was hypo-additive in nature, but for some traits (like turgor potential and APX) effect of one stress neutralized the other. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report on physiological and biochemical response of flag leaf of wheat to combine heat and drought stress. These results will help future studies dealing with improved stress tolerance in wheat. However, detailed studies are needed to fully understand the genetic mechanisms behind these physiological and biochemical changes in flag leaf in response to combined heat and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sher
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mumtaz A. Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Canada
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Li X, Zhang X, Liu G, Tang Y, Zhou C, Zhang L, Lv J. The spike plays important roles in the drought tolerance as compared to the flag leaf through the phenylpropanoid pathway in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:100-111. [PMID: 32408177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The spike photosynthesis plays a curial role in wheat photosynthesis under drought stress. However, the mechanism of drought tolerance in the spike is still unclear. Our study compared the gas exchange parameters, antioxidant system, and phenylpropanoid pathway between the wheat flag leaf and spike in response to drought stress. Compared with the flag leaf, the spike organs exhibited lower reductions in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content (Chl) under drought stress. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase (4CL) enzymes, and the total contents of phenolics and flavonoids (TPC and TFC, respectively) were enhanced much more percentages in the spike organs than that in the flag leaf under drought stress. Drought also induced the expression of structural genes (TaPAL, TaC4H, Ta4CL, TaCHS, TaCHI, TaFNS, TaF3H, TaFLS, TaDFR, and TaANS) involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway of the spike organs during the middle and late grain filling periods. The spike organs also showed much smaller accumulations of O2.-, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in treated wheat. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; and catalase, CAT) and more proline content were observed in the spike organs as compared to the flag leaf under drought stress. All these results indicated that the enhanced tolerance to drought stress in spike organs was related to the elevated phenylpropanoid pathway. It could make the spike maintain a better water status and further lead to the relatively higher photosynthesis and lower membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Guangping Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Chunju Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
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Vergara-Diaz O, Vatter T, Vicente R, Obata T, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Aparicio N, Carlisle Kefauver S, Fernie A, Araus JL. Metabolome Profiling Supports the Key Role of the Spike in Wheat Yield Performance. Cells 2020; 9:E1025. [PMID: 32326207 PMCID: PMC7226616 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relevance of spike bracts in stress acclimation and contribution to wheat yield was recently revealed, the metabolome of this organ and its response to water stress is still unknown. The metabolite profiles of flag leaves, glumes and lemmas were characterized under contrasting field water regimes in five durum wheat cultivars. Water conditions during growth were characterized through spectral vegetation indices, canopy temperature and isotope composition. Spike bracts exhibited better coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms than the flag leaves in terms of photorespiration, nitrogen assimilation and respiration paths. This coordination facilitated an accumulation of organic and amino acids in spike bracts, especially under water stress. The metabolomic response to water stress also involved an accumulation of antioxidant and drought tolerance related sugars, particularly in the spikes. Furthermore, certain cell wall, respiratory and protective metabolites were associated with genotypic outperformance and yield stability. In addition, grain yield was strongly predicted by leaf and spike bracts metabolomes independently. This study supports the role of the spike as a key organ during wheat grain filling, particularly under stress conditions and provides relevant information to explore new ways to improve wheat productivity including potential biomarkers for yield prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.V.-D.); (T.V.); (R.V.); (S.C.K.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Thomas Vatter
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.V.-D.); (T.V.); (R.V.); (S.C.K.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.V.-D.); (T.V.); (R.V.); (S.C.K.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (T.O.); (A.F.)
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (T.O.); (A.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Nieto-Taladriz
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nieves Aparicio
- Technological and Agrarian Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Agricultural Research. Ctra Burgos km 119, 47041 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Shawn Carlisle Kefauver
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.V.-D.); (T.V.); (R.V.); (S.C.K.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (T.O.); (A.F.)
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.V.-D.); (T.V.); (R.V.); (S.C.K.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Anee TI, Parvin K, Nahar K, Mahmud JA, Fujita M. Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E384. [PMID: 31505852 PMCID: PMC6770940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada-Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet 3156, Bangladesh.
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Jubayer Al Mahmud
- Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Zhang X, Pu P, Tang Y, Zhang L, Lv J. C4 photosynthetic enzymes play a key role in wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism response under water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:163-172. [PMID: 31299598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthetic enzymes are present in C3 plants and participate in non-photosynthetic metabolism. Wheat spike bracts had a higher drought tolerance, photosynthesis and senesced later compared to the flag leaves under water deficit. This research was conducted to investigate the different response of primary carbon metabolism induced by C4 photosynthetic enzymes in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts including glumes and lemmas under water deficit. The activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes and Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco), the expression of related genes and primary carbon metabolism contents were demonstrated in wheat flag leaves and spike bracts exposed to water deficit. Results showed that drought stress strongly inhibited wheat photosynthetic metabolism by decreasing Rubisco activity in flag leaves. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), phosphate dikinase (PPDK) and NADP- malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) increased in wheat spike bracts under water deficit. Transcript levels of C4 photosynthetic genes in wheat spike bracts were higher under water deficit than that of control. Furthermore, the results indicated that drought stress induced changes in the contents of primary carbon metabolism including malate, oxaloacetic acid (OAA), citric, fumaric acid were organ-specific. In conclusion, the functions of C4 photosynthetic enzymes appear to be important for wheat spike bracts primary carbon metabolism and defence response under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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Hu L, Zhang Y, Xia H, Fan S, Song J, Lv X, Kong L. Photosynthetic characteristics of non-foliar organs in main C 3 cereals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:226-239. [PMID: 30221359 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in non-foliar organs plays an important role in crop growth and productivity, and it has received considerable research attention in recent years. However, compared with the capability of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in leaves, the distinct attributes of photosynthesis in the non-foliar organs of wheat (a C3 species) are unclear. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the photosynthetic characteristics of non-foliar organs in wheat. Compared with leaves, non-foliar organs had a higher capacity to refix respired CO2 , higher tolerance to environmental stresses and slower terminal senescence after anthesis. Additionally, whether C4 photosynthetic metabolism exists in the non-foliar organs of wheat is discussed, as is the advantage of photosynthesis in non-foliar organs during times of abiotic stress. Introducing the photosynthesis-related genes of C4 plants into wheat, which are specifically expressed in non-foliar organs, can be a promising approach for improving wheat productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiyong Xia
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuemei Lv
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Faseela P, Puthur JT. Intraspecific variation in sensitivity of high yielding rice varieties towards UV-B radiation. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:727-740. [PMID: 31168235 PMCID: PMC6522621 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective screening of thirteen commonly cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties was carried out to evaluate the varietal-specific differences in morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to various doses of UV-B irradiation (7, 14, 21 and 28 kJ m-2d-1). Determination of UV-B tolerant rice varieties would be helpful in selecting a suitable variety for the areas experiencing higher influx of UV-B radiation. Based on the initial screening of thirteen rice varieties, carried out by analyzing shoot length, fresh weight, photosynthetic pigments and the rate of lipid peroxidation under various doses of UV-B, it was found that Mangalamahsuri, Aathira, Kanchana, Jyothi and Annapoorna were tolerant lines and Neeraja, Swetha, Swarnaprabha and Aiswarya were the sensitive ones. Further screening of these nine varieties was done by analyzing primary metabolites (total protein, soluble sugar and proline content) and non enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione) involved in free radical scavenging mechanism to mitigate the negative effects of UV-B irradiation. Based on the cumulative stress response index (CSRI), the sum of relative individual component responses (total protein, soluble sugar, proline, ascorbate and glutathione content) at each UV-B treatment and total stress response index (TSRI), the sum of CSRI of all the four UV-B treatments for each variety, nine rice varieties selected after primary screening were classified as tolerant (Mangalamahsuri, Aathira and Kanchana), intermediate (Jyothi, Annapoorna, Neeraja and Swetha) and sensitive (Swarnaprabha and Aiswarya).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parammal Faseela
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
| | - Jos Thomas Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673635 India
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Laxa M, Liebthal M, Telman W, Chibani K, Dietz KJ. The Role of the Plant Antioxidant System in Drought Tolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E94. [PMID: 30965652 PMCID: PMC6523806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficiency compromises plant performance and yield in many habitats and in agriculture. In addition to survival of the acute drought stress period which depends on plant-genotype-specific characteristics, stress intensity and duration, also the speed and efficiency of recovery determine plant performance. Drought-induced deregulation of metabolism enhances generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which in turn affect the redox regulatory state of the cell. Strong correlative and analytical evidence assigns a major role in drought tolerance to the redox regulatory and antioxidant system. This review compiles current knowledge on the response and function of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide under drought stress in various species and drought stress regimes. The meta-analysis of reported changes in transcript and protein amounts, and activities of components of the antioxidant and redox network support the tentative conclusion that drought tolerance is more tightly linked to up-regulated ascorbate-dependent antioxidant activity than to the response of the thiol-redox regulatory network. The significance of the antioxidant system in surviving severe phases of dehydration is further supported by the strong antioxidant system usually encountered in resurrection plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Laxa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Wilena Telman
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Kamel Chibani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
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