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Lu N, Mei X, Li X, Tang X, Yang G, Xiang W. Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1342-1351. [PMID: 38149470 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder, affecting approximately 25 % of the population. Coffee-drinking obese smokers exhibit lower body weights and decreased NAFLD rates, but the reasons behind this remain unclear. Additionally, the effect of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on the development of NAFLD is still controversial. Our study aimed to explore the possible reasons that drinking coffee could alleviate NAFLD and gain weight and identify the real role of nicotine in NAFLD of obese smokers. A NAFLD model in mice was induced by administering nicotine and a high-fat diet (HFD). We recorded changes in body weight and daily food intake, measured the weights of the liver and visceral fat, and observed liver and adipose tissue histopathology. Lipid levels, liver function, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum inflammatory cytokine levels and the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Our results demonstrated that nicotine exacerbated the development of NAFLD and caffeine had a hepatoprotective effect on NAFLD. The administration of caffeine could ameliorate nicotine-plus-HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing lipid accumulation, regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory response and restoring hepatic functions. These results might explain why obese smokers with high coffee consumption exhibit the lower incidence rate of NAFLD and tend to be leaner. It is essential to emphasise that the detrimental impact of smoking on health is multifaceted. Smoking cessation remains the sole practical and effective strategy for averting the tobacco-related complications and reducing the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyan Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Mei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Pan X, Xu M, Li Y, Liang C, Liu L, Li Z, Wang L, Yu G. Downregulation of HMGCS2 mediated AECIIs lipid metabolic alteration promotes pulmonary fibrosis by activating fibroblasts. Respir Res 2024; 25:176. [PMID: 38658970 PMCID: PMC11040761 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid metabolism has recently been reported as a crucial signature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the origin and biological function of the lipid and possible mechanisms of increased lipid content in the pathogenesis of IPF remains undetermined. METHODS Oil-red staining and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect lipid accumulation in mouse lung fibrosis frozen sections, Bleomycin-treated human type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and lung fibroblast. Untargeted Lipid omics analysis was applied to investigate differential lipid species and identified LysoPC was utilized to treat human lung fibroblasts and mice. Microarray and single-cell RNA expression data sets identified lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes. Gain of function experiment was used to study the function of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coa Synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in regulating AECIIs lipid metabolism. Mice with AECII-HMGCS2 high were established by intratracheally delivering HBAAV2/6-SFTPC- HMGCS2 adeno-associated virus. Western blot, Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, site-directed mutation and flow cytometry were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of HMGCS2-mediated lipid metabolism in AECIIs. RESULTS Injured AECIIs were the primary source of accumulated lipids in response to Bleomycin stimulation. LysoPCs released by injured AECIIs could activate lung fibroblasts, thus promoting the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, HMGCS2 was decreased explicitly in AECIIs and ectopic expression of HMGCS2 in AECIIs using the AAV system significantly alleviated experimental mouse lung fibrosis progression via modulating lipid degradation in AECIIs through promoting CPT1A and CPT2 expression by interacting with PPARα. CONCLUSIONS These data unveiled a novel etiological mechanism of HMGCS2-mediated AECII lipid metabolism in the genesis and development of pulmonary fibrosis and provided a novel target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yingge Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Fang X, Song J, Zhou K, Zi X, Sun B, Bao H, Li L. Molecular Mechanism Pathways of Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:5645. [PMID: 37570615 PMCID: PMC10419790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and its incidence continues to increase each year. Yet, there is still no definitive drug that can stop its development. This review focuses mainly on lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal flora dysbiosis to understand NAFLD's pathogenesis. In this review, we used NCBI's PubMed database for retrieval, integrating in vivo and in vitro experiments to reveal the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on NAFLD. We also reviewed the mechanisms by which the results of these experiments suggest that these compounds can protect the liver from damage by modulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, decreasing insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in the liver, and interacting with the intestinal microflora. The natural compounds discussed in these papers target a variety of pathways, such as the AMPK pathway and the TGF-β pathway, and have significant therapeutic effects. This review aims to provide new possible therapeutic lead compounds and references for the development of novel medications and the clinical treatment of NAFLD. It offers fresh perspectives on the development of natural compounds in preventing and treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.F.)
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Effects of Six Weeks of Hypoxia Exposure on Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism in ApoE Knockout Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101535. [PMID: 36294970 PMCID: PMC9605121 DOI: 10.3390/life12101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with a characteristic of abnormal lipid metabolism. In the present study, we employed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice to investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on hepatic fatty acid metabolism and to test whether a high-fat diet (HFD) would suppress the beneficial effect caused by hypoxia treatment. ApoE KO mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks, and then were forwarded into a six-week experiment with four groups: HFD + normoxia, normal diet (ND) + normoxia, HFD + hypoxia exposure (HE), and ND + HE. The C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice were fed a ND for 18 weeks as the baseline control. The hypoxia exposure was performed in daytime with normobaric hypoxia (11.2% oxygen, 1 h per time, three times per week). Body weight, food and energy intake, plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid contents, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and molecular/biochemical makers and regulators of the fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the liver were measured at the end of interventions. Six weeks of hypoxia exposure decreased plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents but did not change hepatic TG and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in ApoE KO mice fed a HFD or ND. Furthermore, hypoxia exposure decreased the mRNA expression of Fasn, Scd1, and Srebp-1c significantly in the HFD + HE group compared with those in the HFD + normoxia group; after replacing a HFD with a ND, hypoxia treatment achieved more significant changes in the measured variables. In addition, the protein expression of HIF-1α was increased only in the ND + HE group but not in the HFD + HE group. Even though hypoxia exposure did not affect hepatic TG and NEFA levels, at the genetic level, the intervention had significant effects on hepatic metabolic indices of fatty acid synthesis, especially in the ND + HE group, while HFD suppressed the beneficial effect of hypoxia on hepatic lipid metabolism in male ApoE KO mice. The dietary intervention of shifting HFD to ND could be more effective in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation than hypoxia intervention.
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Luo ML, Huang W, Zhu HP, Peng C, Zhao Q, Han B. Advances in indole-containing alkaloids as potential anticancer agents by regulating autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112827. [PMID: 35316753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and cancer development is often associated with disturbances in the autophagy process. Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in many physiological processes, crucial for cell growth and survival. It is an intracellular lysosomal/vacuolar degradation system. In this system, inner cytoplasmic cell membrane is degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, and the products are released back into the cytoplasm. Indole alkaloids are natural products extensively found in nature and have been proven to possess various pharmacological activities. In recent years, pharmacological studies have demonstrated another potential of indole alkaloids, autophagy regulation. The regulation may contribute to the efficacy of indole alkaloids in preventing and treating cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of indole alkaloids' effect on tumor cells and autophagy. Then, we focus on mechanisms by which indole alkaloids can target the autophagy process associated with cancer, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ROS signaling pathway, Beclin-1, and so on. Literature has been surveyed primarily from 2009 to Nov. 2021, and some semisynthetic or fully synthetic indole derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Chhimwal J, Goel A, Sukapaka M, Patial V, Padwad Y. Phloretin mitigates oxidative injury, inflammation and fibrogenic responses via restoration of autophagic flux in in-vitro and pre-clinical models of NAFLD. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Khan TJ, Xu X, Xie X, Dai X, Sun P, Xie Q, Zhou X. Tremella fuciformis Crude Polysaccharides Attenuates Steatosis and Suppresses Inflammation in Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1224-1234. [PMID: 35723304 PMCID: PMC8947202 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder characterized by an enhanced accumulation of lipids, which affects around 40% of the world's population. The T. fuciformis fungus possesses immunomodulatory activity and other beneficial properties that may alleviate steatosis through a different mechanism. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect T. fuciformis crude polysaccharides (TFCP) on inflammatory and lipid metabolism gene expression, oxidative stress, and lipid profile. Mice were divided into groups receiving (a) a normal chow diet (NCD), (b) a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet, and (c) a MCD diet with TFCP. Liver histopathology was performed, and the hepatic gene expression levels were estimated using qRT-PCR. The lipid profiles, ALT, AST, and efficient oxidative enzymes were analyzed using ELISA. The TFCP administration in the MCD-fed mice suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMGCR, FABP, SREBP, ACC, and FAS), and inflammation-associated genes (IL-1β, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6) whilst enhancing the expression of HNF4α genes. TFCP mitigated against oxidative stress and normalized healthy lipid profiles. These results highlighted that TFCP prevents NAFLD through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting TFCP would potentially be an effective therapeutic agent against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Jamal Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Geometry Cell Biology Research Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ximing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Obydah WO, Shaker GA, Samir SM, El Bassiony SF, Abd El Moneim HA. Effect of vanillic acid and exercise training on fatty liver and insulin resistance in rats: Possible role of fibroblast growth factor 21 and autophagy. Physiol Int 2021; 108:412-426. [PMID: 34813496 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been alarmingly increased with no lines of effective treatment. Vanillic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol with promising therapeutic effects. Exercise is well known to be an effective tool against obesity and its consequences. Thus, we aim to study the effect of vanillic acid alone and along with exercise on fatty liver induced by a high-fat diet in a rat model and to investigate possible novel mechanisms involved in their action. METHODS In this study, 40 male rats were divided equally into five groups: control (standard chow diet), HFD (high-fat diet), HFD+VA (HFD+ vanillic acid (50 mg/kg/day orally), HFD+EX (HFD+ swimming exercise 5 days/week), HFD+VA+EX (HFD+ vanillic acid+ swimming exercise) for eight weeks. RESULTS Body mass, liver weight, liver enzymes, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly decreased in the combined VA+EX group, with marked improvement in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and consequently HOMA-IR index compared to the HFD group. These improvements were also reflected in the pathological view. VA and swimming, either solely or in combination, markedly increased hepatic and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Additionally, VA and swimming increased the immunohistochemical expression of the autophagosomal marker LC3 and decreased the expression of P62, which is selectively degraded during autophagy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the hepatoprotective effect of VA and swimming exercise against fatty liver and the involvement of FGF21 and autophagy in their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa O Obydah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Shaker
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Samir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Soheir F El Bassiony
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Pereira RM, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Sant'Ana MR, Peruca GF, Anaruma CP, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, de Melo DG, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term combined training reduces hepatic steatosis and improves hepatic insulin signaling. Life Sci 2021; 287:120124. [PMID: 34748760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is directly associated with hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, which is correlated with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic and strength training have been pointed out as efficient strategies against hepatic steatosis. However, little is known about the effects of the combination of those two protocols on hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term combined training (STCT) on glucose homeostasis and in the synthesis and oxidation of fat in the liver of obesity-induced mice with hepatic steatosis. Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control lean (CTL), sedentary obese (OB), and combined training obese (CTO). The CTO group performed the STCT protocol, which consisted of strength and aerobic exercises in the same session. The protocol lasted seven days. The CTO group reduced the glucose levels and fatty liver when compared to the OB group. Interestingly, these results were observed even without reductions in body adiposity. CTO group also showed increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, with lower hepatic glucose production (HGP). STCT reduced the expression of the lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and hepatic inflammation, as well as increased the ACC phosphorylation and the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara, reverting the complications caused by obesity. Since this protocol increased lipid oxidation and reduced hepatic lipogenesis, regardless of body fat mass decrease, it can be considered an effective non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Francisco Peruca
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Motricity Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Canciglieri
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
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Le TNH, Choi HJ, Jun HS. Ethanol Extract of Liriope platyphylla Root Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of Lipogenesis and Lipid Uptake. Nutrients 2021; 13:3338. [PMID: 34684339 PMCID: PMC8538311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder that causes excess lipid accumulation in the liver and is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Liriope platyphylla is a medicinal herb that has long been used to treat cough, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effect of Liriope platyphylla on NAFLD has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla root ethanolic extract (LPE) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with LPE (100 or 250 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for another 8 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg LPE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. Histological analysis of liver sections demonstrated that LPE treatment reduced lipid accumulation compared to the vehicle treatment. The serum total cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels significantly decreased in the LPE-treated HFD group compared to those in the vehicle-treated HFD group. The LPE significantly decreases the protein expression levels of SREBP1, ACC, p-ACC, FAS, and SCD1, which are involved in lipogenesis, and PPARγ, CD36/FAT, and FATP5, which are involved in fatty acid uptake, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LPE may attenuate HFD-induced NAFLD by decreasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nu Huyen Le
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Ho-Jung Choi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Kakegawa J, Ohtsuka S, Yokoyama M, Hosoi T, Ozawa K, Hatanaka T. Thermal proteome profiling reveals GPX4 as the target of the autophagy inducer conophylline. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:181-192. [PMID: 34127539 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conophylline (CNP) is a vinca alkaloid extracted from the Tabernaemontana divaricata plant. It has been reported that CNP induces autophagy in a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent manner, thereby inhibits protein aggregation. However, the mode of action of CNP in inducing autophagy remains unknown. In this study, we identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as a CNP-binding protein by using thermal proteome profiling (TPP). The technique exploits changes in the thermal stability of proteins resulting from ligand interaction, which is capable of identifying compound-binding proteins without chemical modification. GPX4, an antioxidant protein that uses reduced glutathione as a cofactor, directly catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and lipid peroxides. GPX4 suppresses lipid peroxide accumulation, thus plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. We found that treatment with CNP caused accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured cells. Furthermore, similarly with CNP treatment, GPX4 deficiency caused accumulation of lipid ROS and induced autophagy. These findings indicate that GPX4 is a direct target of CNP involved in autophagy induction. Significance Statement In the present study, we identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as a binding protein of conophylline (CNP) by using thermal proteome profiling (TPP).We showed that CNP treatment, similarly with the inhibition of GPX4, induced lipid ROS accumulation and autophagy. The present findings suggest that GPX4 is the CNP target protein involved in autophagy induction. Furthermore, these results indicates that TPP is a useful technique for determining the mechanism of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kakegawa
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Japan Tobacco Inc., Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohtsuka
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Japan Tobacco Inc., Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Japan Tobacco Inc., Japan
| | - Toru Hosoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatanaka
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Japan Tobacco Inc., Japan
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Flessa CM, Kyrou I, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kaltsas G, Papavassiliou AG, Kassi E, Randeva HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:134-161. [PMID: 33751456 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease with rising prevalence worldwide. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge supporting the role of ER stress and autophagy processes in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression. We also highlight the interrelation between these two pathways and the impact of ER stress and autophagy modulators on NAFLD treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression are currently under investigation. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the concomitant unfolded protein response (UPR) seem to contribute to its pathogenesis mainly due to high ER content in the liver which exerts significant metabolic functions and can be dysregulated. Furthermore, disruption of autophagy processes has also been identified in NAFLD. The crucial role of these two pathways in NAFLD is underlined by the fact that they have recently emerged as promising targets of therapeutic interventions. There is a greater need for finding the natural/chemical compounds and drugs which can modulate the ER stress pathway and autophagy for the treatment of NAFLD. Clarifying the inter-relation between these two pathways and their interaction with inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms will allow the development of additional therapeutic options which can better target and reprogram the underlying pathophysiological pathways, aiming to attenuate NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Wang L, Umezawa K. Cellular Signal Transductions and Their Inhibitors Derived from Deep-Sea Organisms. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040205. [PMID: 33916424 PMCID: PMC8065634 DOI: 10.3390/md19040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal transductions are limited. They consist of the protein-tyrosine kinase dependent or independent Ras-ERK pathway, and the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, SMAD, and NF-κB-activation pathways. In addition, biodegradation systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy, are also important for physiological and pathological conditions. If we can control signaling for each by a low-molecular-weight agent, it would be possible to treat diseases in new ways. At present, such cell signaling inhibitors are mainly looked for in plants, soil microorganisms, and the chemical library. The screening of bioactive metabolites from deep-sea organisms should be valuable because of the high incidence of finding novel compounds. Although it is still an emerging field, there are many successful examples, with new cell signaling inhibitors. In this review, we would like to explain the current view of the cell signaling systems important in diseases, and show the inhibitors found from deep-sea organisms, with their structures and biological activities. These inhibitors are possible candidates for anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of metabolic syndromes, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Molecular Target Medicine, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-561-611-959
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17
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Xu F, Tautenhahn HM, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Modulation of Autophagy: A Novel "Rejuvenation" Strategy for the Aging Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6611126. [PMID: 33628363 PMCID: PMC7889356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural life process which leads to a gradual decline of essential physiological processes. For the liver, it leads to alterations in histomorphology (steatosis and fibrosis) and function (protein synthesis and energy generation) and affects central hepatocellular processes (autophagy, mitochondrial respiration, and hepatocyte proliferation). These alterations do not only impair the metabolic capacity of the liver but also represent important factors in the pathogenesis of malignant liver disease. Autophagy is a recycling process for eukaryotic cells to degrade dysfunctional intracellular components and to reuse the basic substances. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and in resisting environmental stress. Emerging evidence shows that modulating autophagy seems to be effective in improving the age-related alterations of the liver. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword for the aged liver. Upregulating autophagy alleviates hepatic steatosis and ROS-induced cellular stress and promotes hepatocyte proliferation but may aggravate hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, a well-balanced autophagy modulation strategy might be suitable to alleviate age-related liver dysfunction. Conclusion. Modulation of autophagy is a promising strategy for "rejuvenation" of the aged liver. Detailed knowledge regarding the most devastating processes in the individual patient is needed to effectively counteract aging of the liver without causing obvious harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
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18
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Petriv N, Neubert L, Vatashchuk M, Timrott K, Suo H, Hochnadel I, Huber R, Petzold C, Hrushchenko A, Yatsenko AS, Shcherbata HR, Wedemeyer H, Lichtinghagen R, Falfushynska H, Lushchak V, Manns MP, Bantel H, Semchyshyn H, Yevsa T. Increase of α-dicarbonyls in liver and receptor for advanced glycation end products on immune cells are linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1874159. [PMID: 33628620 PMCID: PMC7889131 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver with a very poor prognosis and constantly growing incidence. Among other primary risks of HCC, metabolic disorders and obesity have been extensively investigated over recent decades. The latter can promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) leading to the inflammatory form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), that, in turn, promotes HCC. Molecular determinants of this pathogenic progression, however, remain largely undefined. In this study, we have focussed on the investigation of α-dicarbonyl compounds (α-dC), highly reactive and tightly associated with overweight-induced metabolic disorders, and studied their potential role in NAFLD and progression toward HCC using murine models. NAFLD was induced using high-fat diet (HFD). Autochthonous HCC was induced using transposon-based stable intrahepatic overexpression of oncogenic NRASG12V in mice lacking p19Arf tumor suppressor. Our study demonstrates that the HFD regimen and HCC resulted in strong upregulation of α-dC in the liver, heart, and muscles. In addition, an increase in α-dC was confirmed in sera of NAFLD and NASH patients. Furthermore, higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation products (RAGE) was detected exclusively on immune cells and not on stroma cells in livers of mice with liver cancer progression. Our work confirms astable interplay of liver inflammation, carbonyl stress mediated by α-dC, and upregulated RAGE expression on CD8+ Tand natural killer (NK) cells in situ in NAFLD and HCC, as key factors/determinants in liver disease progression. The obtained findings underline the role of α-dC and RAGE+CD8+ Tand RAGE+ NK cells as biomarkers and candidates for a local therapeutic intervention in NAFLD and malignant liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Petriv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Myroslava Vatashchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Kai Timrott
- Department of General-, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Hochnadel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - René Huber
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anastasiia Hrushchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Andriy S Yatsenko
- Gene Expression and Signaling Group, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Gene Expression and Signaling Group, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Halyna Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Beneficial Effect of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai via the Activation of LKB1-AMPK Signaling Pathway on Obesity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6655599. [PMID: 33531919 PMCID: PMC7834777 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Liver kinase B (LKB) 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are master regulators and sensors for energy homeostasis. AMPK is mainly activated via phosphorylation of LKB1 under energy stress. Here, we highlighted the antiobesity effect and underlying mechanism of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TCN) in connection with LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed on a high-fat diet (60% kcal fat; HFD) to induce obesity. Simultaneously, they received 100 or 200 mg/kg TCN orally for 5 weeks. We measured the body weight gain and liver weight along with liver histology. Moreover, the changes of factors related to lipid metabolism and β-oxidation were analyzed in the liver, together with blood parameters. Results The body weights were decreased in mice of the TCN200 group more than those of the HFD control group. Moreover, TCN supplementation lowered serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, whereas TCN increased HDL-cholesterol level. Liver pathological damage induced by HFD was alleviated with TCN treatment and accompanied with significant reduction in serum AST and ALT activities. In addition, TCN significantly increased the expression of p-AMPK compared with the HFD control group via the activation of LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Lipid synthesis gene like ACC was downregulated and factors related to β-oxidation such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) were upregulated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α activation. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that TCN treatment regulates lipid metabolism via LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway and promotes β-oxidation by PPARα; hence, TCN may have potential remedy in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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20
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Effects of Curcumin in a Mouse Model of Very High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101368. [PMID: 32992936 PMCID: PMC7650718 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide rates of Western-diet-induced obesity epidemics are growing dramatically. Being linked with numerous comorbidities and complications, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic inflammation, and osteoarthritis (OA), obesity represents one of the most threatening challenges for modern healthcare. Mouse models are an invaluable tool for investigating the effects of diets and their bioactive components against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its comorbidities. During recent years, very high fat diets (VHFDs), providing 58–60% kcal fat, have become a popular alternative to more traditional HFDs, providing 40–45% total kcal fat, due to the faster induction of obesity and stronger metabolic responses. This project aims to investigate if the 60% fat VHFD is suitable to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin in diet-induced obesity and osteoarthritis. B6 male mice, prone to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, were supplemented with VHFD without or with curcumin for 13 weeks. Under these experimental conditions, feeding mice a VHFD for 13 weeks did not result in expected robust manifestations of the targeted pathophysiologic conditions. Supplementing the diet with curcumin, in turn, protected the animals against obesity without significant changes in white adipocyte size, glucose clearance, and knee cartilage integrity. Additional research is needed to optimize diet composition, curcumin dosage, and duration of dietary interventions to establish the VHFD-induced obesity for evaluating the effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunctions related to obesity and osteoarthritis.
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21
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Mujawdiya PK, Sharma P, Sharad S, Kapur S. Reversal of Increase in Intestinal Permeability by Mangifera indica Seed Kernel Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080190. [PMID: 32796561 PMCID: PMC7464080 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hyper-intestinal permeability are interconnected. This study is designed to evaluate the ability of Mangifera indica seed kernel extract (MESK) in restoring the intestinal barrier and preventing obesity and associated metabolic complications in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Four groups of Swiss albino mice: (1) normal diet (ND), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + Orlistat (100 µg/kg), and (4) HFD + MESK (75 µg/kg), were used to monitor various biochemical parameters associated with metabolic syndrome (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides) and body weight in an eight-week-long study. In vivo intestinal permeability was determined by the FITC-dextran method. Interestingly, MESK significantly reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic fibrosis, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Additionally, MESK treatment restored the expression of tight junction protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1 and hence prevented increased intestinal permeability induced by a high-fat diet. Moreover, it also increased the expression of potent satiety molecule Nesfatin-1 in the mouse jejunum. Our results, for the first time, establish MESK as a nutraceutical which prevents disruption of the intestinal barrier and thereby intercepts the adverse consequences of compromised intestinal permeability such as obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Shashwat Sharad
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Suman Kapur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Kant R, Lu CK, Nguyen HM, Hsiao HH, Chen CJ, Hsiao HP, Lin KJ, Fang CC, Yen CH. 1,2,3,4,6 penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and maintains the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110348. [PMID: 32554245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most frequently occurring liver disorder in the world. However, a specific drug for the treatment of patients with NAFLD is not available. Therefore, the discovery of novel compounds for the treatment of NAFLD and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic drugs that can be used to treat this disease are urgently needed. 1,2,3,4,6 penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. However, little is known about the therapeutic potential of PGG in NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGG on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of NAFLD. PGG was co-administered along with an HFD to C57BL/6 mice. After eight weeks of treatment, serum biochemistry, liver steatosis, and lipid metabolism-related genes were examined. The results showed that PGG treatment significantly reduced HFD-induced gain in body weight, liver steatosis, and leukocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PGG treatment markedly reduced serum triglyceride and glucose levels in HFD mice. Moreover, alterations in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, including Hmgcr, Acc1, Abca1, Mttp, and Cd36, observed in the livers of HFD-treated mice were significantly reversed by PGG treatment. PGG significantly reduced HFD-induced protein expression of CD36, which is associated with fatty acid uptake, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased hepatic steatosis, in the liver of HFD mice. These results suggest that PGG inhibits HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and reverses HFD-induced alterations of gene expression in lipid metabolism. PGG has been shown to be well tolerated; therefore, it has potential uses in NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hien Minh Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Ju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Pin Hsiao
- Section of Pediatric Genetics and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Jay Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chieh Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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23
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Dendrobii Officinalis, a traditional Chinese edible and officinal plant, accelerates liver recovery by regulating the gut-liver axis in NAFLD mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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