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Yuan D, Yang J, Wu W, Amier Y, Li X, Wan W, Huang Y, Li J, Yu X. The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on kidney stone disease: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:34. [PMID: 38877395 PMCID: PMC11177369 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have reported the potential impact of immune cells on kidney stone disease (KSD), but definitive causal relationships have yet to be established. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the potential causal association between immune cells and KSD by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS In our study, a thorough two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed by us to determine the potential causal relationship between immune cell traits and kidney stone disease. We included a total of four immune traits (median fluorescence intensity (MFI), relative cellular (RC), absolute cellular (AC), and morphological parameters (MP)), which are publicly available data. GWAS summary data related to KSD (9713 cases and 366,693 controls) were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. The primary MR analysis method was Inverse variance weighted. Cochran's Q test, MR Egger, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used to assess the stability of the results. RESULTS After FDR correction, the CD8 on HLA DR + CD8br (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.98, p-value = 7.20 × 10- 4, q-value = 0.088) was determined to be distinctly associated with KSD, and we also found other 25 suggestive associations between immune cells and KSD, of which 13 associations were suggested as protective factors and 12 associations were suggested as risk factors. There was no horizontal pleiotropy or significant heterogeneity in our MR analysis, as determined by the p-value results of our Cochrane Q-test, MR Egger's intercept test, and MR-PRESSO, which were all > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Our study has explored the potential causal connection between immune cells and KSD by Mendelian randomization analysis, thus providing some insights for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weisong Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yirixiatijiang Amier
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianmiu Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Wan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liberalization Ave, No. 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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de Morais ACCD, Ferreira ADS, Barbosa CDT, Lima MFB, Fook KD, de Carvalho MM, Muniz ACDS, de Araújo DR, Monteiro PDM, Araújo MJAM, Monteiro SCM, Lopes FF. Human papillomavirus in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: association with viral load and lymphocyte count. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e36. [PMID: 38865574 PMCID: PMC11164047 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Women living with human immunodeficiency virus are at an increased risk of developing cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, it is important to combine clinical assessments, serological screening, and HPV data for planning prevention policies. This study aimed to identify HPV and its specific types in the cervical, anal, and oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive women, associating it with viral load and lymphocyte count. Sociodemographic characteristics, health data (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and viral load), and biological samples (cervical, anal, and oral) were collected from 86 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Data were classified according to the presence or absence of HPV-DNA, HPV-DNA presence at one or more anatomic sites, and level of oncogenic risk, considering low- and high-risk oncogenic HPV-DNA groups. The presence of HPV in the cervicovaginal site was 65.9%, 63.8% in anal canal, and 4.2% in oral mucosa. A viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL was associated with the presence of HPV-DNA. There was an association between viral load and the low-risk HPV or high-risk HPV groups. We found a high prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-seropositive women, particularly in the cervical and anal mucosa, with viral load ≥75 HIV copies/mL being associated with HPV-DNA presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cléa Cutrim Diniz de Morais
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alice de Sá Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carla Déa Trindade Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Bezerra Lima
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Karina Donato Fook
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Mônika Machado de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Costa de Sales Muniz
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Deborah Rocha de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Pablo de Matos Monteiro
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria José Abigail Mendes Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Hospital Universitário, Laboratório de Análises Clinicas e Histocompatibilidade, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Ferreira Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Ramon-Luing LA, Flores-Gonzalez J, Angel García-Rojas L, Islas-Muñoz B, Volkow-Fernández P, Chavez-Galan L. Valganciclovir modulates the tumor necrosis factor axis molecules expression and CD4+ T-cell subsets in disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:190-201. [PMID: 37904542 PMCID: PMC10847826 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Valganciclovir (VGC) was used in a randomized clinical trial in patients with disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma/human immunodeficiency virus (DKS/HIV) as add-on therapy to evaluate the proinflammatory axis tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRs) in T cells. Two treatment schedules were used: an experimental regime (ER) and a conventional treatment (CT). Mononuclear cells from patients with DKS/HIV were obtained at baseline (W0), 4 (W4), and 12 weeks (W12). Ten DKS/HIV patients received CT (antiretroviral therapy [cART]) and 10 ER (valganciclovir [VGC] initially, plus cART at the fourth week). HIV+ without KS and HIV- patient groups were included as controls. Correlation between T-cell subsets and HHV-8 viral load (VL) and a multivariate linear regression was performed. Data showed that DKS/HIV patients have an increased frequency of CD8+ T cells, which display a high density of CD8 expression. The ER scheme increases naïve and central memory CD4+ T cells at W4 and W12 of follow-up and induces a balanced distribution of activated CD4+ T-cell subsets. Moreover, ER decreases solTNFR2 since W4 and CT decreased the transmembrane forms of TNF axis molecules. Although CT induces a positive correlation between HHV-8 VL and TNFRs, the use of ER positively correlates with TNF and TNFRs levels through follow-up and a moderate correlation with HHV-8 VL and TNF soluble levels. In conclusion, VGC, as an add-on therapy in DKS/HIV patients, gradually modulates the activation of CD4+ T-cell subsets and the TNF/TNFRs axis, suggesting a better regulation of the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero A Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel García-Rojas
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beda Islas-Muñoz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Blanch-Lombarte O, Ouchi D, Jimenez-Moyano E, Carabelli J, Marin MA, Peña R, Pelletier A, Talla A, Sharma A, Dalmau J, Santos JR, Sékaly RP, Clotet B, Prado JG. Selective loss of CD107a TIGIT+ memory HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in PLWH over a decade of ART. eLife 2023; 12:e83737. [PMID: 37723971 PMCID: PMC10508883 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs) is a hallmark of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion (Tex) in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Understanding alterations of IRs expression in PLWH on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains elusive but is critical to overcoming CD8+ Tex and designing novel HIV-1 cure immunotherapies. To address this, we combine high-dimensional supervised and unsupervised analysis of IRs concomitant with functional markers across the CD8+ T-cell landscape on 24 PLWH over a decade on ART. We define irreversible alterations of IRs co-expression patterns in CD8+ T cells not mitigated by ART and identify negative associations between the frequency of TIGIT+ and TIGIT+ TIM-3+ and CD4+ T-cell levels. Moreover, changes in total, SEB-activated, and HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells delineate a complex reshaping of memory and effector-like cellular clusters on ART. Indeed, we identify a selective reduction of HIV-1 specific-CD8+ T-cell memory-like clusters sharing TIGIT expression and low CD107a that can be recovered by mAb TIGIT blockade independently of IFNγ and IL-2. Collectively, these data characterize with unprecedented detail the patterns of IRs expression and functions across the CD8+ T-cell landscape and indicate the potential of TIGIT as a target for Tex precision immunotherapies in PLWH at all ART stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Peña
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Adam Pelletier
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | | | - José Ramón Santos
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
| | | | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC)CataloniaSpain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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5
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Kolossváry M, deFilippi C, McCallum S, Fitch KV, Diggs MR, Fulda ES, Ribaudo HJ, Fichtenbaum CJ, Aberg JA, Malvestutto CD, Currier JS, Casado JL, Gutiérrez F, Sereti I, Douglas PS, Zanni MV, Grinspoon SK. Identification of pre-infection markers and differential plasma protein expression following SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104538. [PMID: 36966617 PMCID: PMC10037041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms contributing to COVID-19 severity in people with HIV (PWH) are poorly understood. We evaluated temporal changes in plasma proteins following SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified pre-infection proteomic markers associated with future COVID-19. METHODS We leveraged data from the global Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE). Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated PWH with clinical, antibody-confirmed COVID-19 as of September 2021 were matched on geographic region, age, and sample timing to antibody negative controls. For cases and controls, pre COVID-19 pandemic specimens were obtained prior to January 2020 to assess change over time and relationship to COVID-19 severity, using false-discovery adjusted mixed effects modeling. FINDINGS We compared 257 unique plasma proteins in 94 COVID-19 antibody-confirmed clinical cases and 113 matched antibody-negative controls, excluding COVID-19 vaccinated participants (age 50 years, 73% male). 40% of cases were characterized as mild; 60% moderate to severe. Median time from COVID-19 infection to follow-up sampling was 4 months. Temporal patterns of protein changes differed based on COVID-19 disease severity. Among those experiencing moderate to severe disease vs. controls, NOS3 increased whereas ANG, CASP-8, CD5, GZMH, GZMB, ITGB2, and KLRD1 decreased. Higher pre-pandemic levels of granzymes A, B and H (GZMA, GZMB and GZMH) were associated with the future development of moderate-severe COVID-19 and were related to immune function. INTERPRETATION We identified temporal changes in proteins closely linked to inflammatory, immune, and fibrotic pathways which may relate to COVID-19-related morbidity among ART-treated PWH. Further we identified key granzyme proteins associated with future COVID-19 in PWH. FUNDING This study is supported through NIH grants U01HL123336, U01HL123336-06 and 3U01HL12336-06S3, to the clinical coordinating center, and U01HL123339, to the data coordinating center as well as funding from Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, and a grant award through ViiV Healthcare. The NIAID supported this study through grants UM1 AI068636, which supports the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Leadership and Operations Center, and UM1 AI106701, which supports the ACTG Laboratory Center. This work was also supported by NIAID through grant K24AI157882 to MZ. The work of IS was supported by the intramural research program of NIAID/NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Kolossváry
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris deFilippi
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
| | - Sara McCallum
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kathleen V Fitch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marissa R Diggs
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Evelynne S Fulda
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Heather J Ribaudo
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl J Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judith A Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos D Malvestutto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith S Currier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jose L Casado
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario de Elche and University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela S Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Markella V Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Pereira-Manfro WF, da Silva GP, Costa PR, Costa DA, Ferreira BDS, Barreto DM, Frota ACC, Hofer CB, Kallas EG, Milagres LG. Expression of TIGIT, PD-1 and HLA-DR/CD38 markers on CD8-T cells of children and adolescents infected with HIV and uninfected controls. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e14. [PMID: 36753067 PMCID: PMC9901578 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune exhaustion and senescence are scarcely studied in HIV-pediatric patients. We studied the circulatory CD8 T cells activation/exhaustion and senescent phenotype of children and adolescents vertically infected with HIV or uninfected controls based on the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR), CD38, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), programmed death 1 (PD-1) and CD57 by flow cytometry, during approximately one year. Eleven HIV-infected (HI) and nine HIV-uninfected (HU) children/adolescents who received two doses or one dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MenC), respectively, were involved in this study. Blood samples were collected before the immunization (T0), 1-2 months after the first dose (T1), and 1-2 months after the second dose (T2), which was administered approximately one year after the first one. HI patients not receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) showed a higher frequency of CD8 T cells TIGIT+, PD-1+ or CD57+, as well as a higher frequency of CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38/HLA-DR/TIGIT or CD38/HLA-DR/PD-1 when compared to HI treated or HU individuals, at all times that they were assessed. CD8 T cells co-expressing CD38/DR/TIGIT were inversely correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio but positively associated with viral load. The co-expression of CD38/DR/TIGIT or CD38/DR/PD-1 on CD8 T cells was also inversely associated with the CD4 T cells expressing co-stimulatory molecules CD127/CD28. The results showed a higher expression of exhaustion/senescence markers on CD8 T cells of untreated HI children/adolescents and its correlations with viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wânia Ferraz Pereira-Manfro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de
Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Giselle Pereira da Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de
Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Priscilla Ramos Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de
Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dayane Alves Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de
Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Mena Barreto
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Barroso Hofer
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina,
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de
Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimar Gonçalves Milagres
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de
Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
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7
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Flagellin-Fused Protein Targeting M2e and HA2 Induces Innate and T-Cell Responses in Mice of Different Genetic Lines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122098. [PMID: 36560509 PMCID: PMC9786633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. Recombinant proteins incorporating conserved influenza A virus peptides are one of the platforms for the development of cross-protective influenza vaccines. We constructed a recombinant protein Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs, in which the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the sequence (aa76-130) of the second subunit of HA (HA2) were used as target antigens. In this study, we investigated the ability of the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein to activate innate immunity and stimulate the formation of T-cell response in mice of different genetic lines after intranasal immunization. Our studies showed that the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein was manifested in an increase in the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, and interstitial macrophages, against the backdrop of a decrease in the level of dendritic cells and increased expression in the CD86 marker. In the lungs of BALB/c mice, immunization with the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein induced the formation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, producing TNF-α. In mice C57Bl/6, the formation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells, predominantly producing IFN-γ+, was demonstrated. The data obtained showed the formation of CD8+ and CD4+ effector memory T cells expressing the CD107a.
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8
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Abad-Fernández M, Hernández-Walias FJ, Ruiz de León MJ, Vivancos MJ, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno A, Casado JL, Quereda C, Dronda F, Moreno S, Vallejo A. HTLV-2 Enhances CD8 + T Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Inhibition and Reduces HIV-1 Integrated Proviral Load in People Living with HIV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112472. [PMID: 36366570 PMCID: PMC9695633 DOI: 10.3390/v14112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 concomitantly show slower CD4+ T cell depletion and AIDS progression, more frequency of the natural control of HIV-1, and lower mortality rates. A similar beneficial effect of this infection has been reported on HCV coinfection reducing transaminases, increasing the spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and delaying the development of hepatic fibrosis. Given the critical role of CD8+ T cells in controlling HIV-1 infection, we analysed the role of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in coinfected individuals living with HIV-1. One hundred and twenty-eight individuals living with HIV-1 in four groups were studied: two groups with HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 41) and with a sustained virological response (SVR) after HCV treatment (N = 25); and two groups without HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 25) and with a sustained virological response after treatment (N = 37). We found that CD8+ T cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition in vitro was higher in individuals with HTLV-2. This inhibition activity was associated with a higher frequency of effector memory CD8+ T cells, higher levels of granzyme A and granzyme B cytolytic enzymes, and perforin. Hence, cellular and soluble cytolytic factors may contribute to the lower HIV-1 pre-ART viral load and the HIV-1 proviral load during ART therapy associated with HTLV-2 infection. Herein, we confirmed and expanded previous findings on the role of HTLV-2 in the beneficial effect on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 in coinfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Abad-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Francisco J. Hernández-Walias
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Ruiz de León
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quereda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.-F.); (A.V.)
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9
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Anthony-Gonda K, Ray A, Su H, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Lee D, Block A, Chilunda V, Weiselberg J, Zemelko L, Wang YY, Kleinsorge-Block S, Reese JS, de Lima M, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Dimitrov DS, Orentas R, Deeks SG, Rutishauser RL, Berman JW, Goldstein H, Dropulić B. In vivo killing of primary HIV-infected cells by peripheral-injected early memory-enriched anti-HIV duoCAR T cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161698. [PMID: 36345941 PMCID: PMC9675454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR T cell) therapies are candidates to functionally cure HIV infection in people with HIV (PWH) by eliminating reactivated HIV-infected cells derived from latently infected cells within the HIV reservoir. Paramount to translating such therapeutic candidates successfully into the clinic will require anti-HIV CAR T cells to localize to lymphoid tissues in the body and eliminate reactivated HIV-infected cells such as CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Here we show that i.v. injected anti-HIV duoCAR T cells, generated using a clinical-grade anti-HIV duoCAR lentiviral vector, localized to the site of active HIV infection in the spleen of humanized mice and eliminated HIV-infected PBMCs. CyTOF analysis of preinfusion duoCAR T cells revealed an early memory phenotype composed predominantly of CCR7+ stem cell-like/central memory T cells (TSCM/TCM) with expression of some effector-like molecules. In addition, we show that anti-HIV duoCAR T cells effectively sense and kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate efficient genetic modification of T cells from PWH on suppressive ART into anti-HIV duoCAR T cells that subsequently kill autologous PBMCs superinfected with HIV. These studies support the safety and efficacy of anti-HIV duoCAR T cell therapy in our presently open phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT04648046).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anthony-Gonda
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Ray
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | - Yuge Wang
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Danica Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
| | | | - Vanessa Chilunda
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Weiselberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lily Zemelko
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Kleinsorge-Block
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane S. Reese
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Stem Cell Transplant Program and Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research lnstitute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Caring Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Lentigen, a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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10
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Perdomo-Celis F, Arcia-Anaya D, Alzate JC, Velilla PA, Díaz FJ, Posada MP, Rugeles MT, Taborda NA. Identification of CD8+ T cell subsets that normalize in early-treated people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:42. [PMID: 36104716 PMCID: PMC9476577 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased the mortality associated with HIV infection, complete immune reconstitution is not achieved despite viral suppression. Alterations of CD8+ T cells and some of their subpopulations, such as interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells, are evidenced in treated individuals and are associated with systemic inflammation and adverse disease outcomes. We sought to evaluate if different CD8+ T cell subsets are differentially normalized during a clinical follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving suppressive cART. Methods We explored the changes in the frequencies, activation/exhaustion phenotypes (HLA-DR, CD38, PD-1, and TIM-3), and function (total and HIV-specific cells expressing CD107a, perforin, granzyme B, interferon [IFN]-γ and IL-17) of CD8+ T cells from early-treated PLWH receiving cART in a 1-year follow-up, using a multidimensional flow cytometry approach. Results Despite continuous cART-induced viral suppression and recovery of CD4+ T cells, after a 1-year follow-up, the CD8+ T cell counts, CD4:CD8 ratio, PD-1 expression, and IL-17 production by CD8+ T cells exhibited incomplete normalization compared with seronegative controls. However, the proportion of CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype (co-expressing PD-1 andTIM-3), and cells co-expressing cytotoxic molecules (Perforin and Granzyme B), reached normalization. Conclusions Although suppressive cART achieves normalization of CD4+ T cell counts, only particular subsets of CD8+ T cells are more rapidly normalized in PLWH receiving cART, which could be routinely used as biomarkers for therapy efficiency in these patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-022-00465-0.
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11
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Calvet-Mirabent M, Sánchez-Cerrillo I, Martín-Cófreces N, Martínez-Fleta P, de la Fuente H, Tsukalov I, Delgado-Arévalo C, Calzada MJ, de Los Santos I, Sanz J, García-Fraile L, Sánchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Buzón MJ, Martín-Gayo E. Antiretroviral therapy duration and immunometabolic state determine efficacy of ex vivo dendritic cell-based treatment restoring functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in people living with HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104090. [PMID: 35665682 PMCID: PMC9301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has restricted the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies against HIV-1. Heterogeneous immune exhaustion and metabolic states of CD8+ T cells might differentially associate with dysfunction. However, specific parameters associated to functional restoration of CD8+ T cells after DC treatment have not been investigated. Methods We studied association of restoration of functional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses after stimulation with Gag-adjuvant-primed DC with ART duration, exhaustion, metabolic and memory cell subsets profiles. Findings HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses from a larger proportion of PLWH on long-term ART (more than 10 years; LT-ARTp) improved polyfunctionality and capacity to eliminate autologous p24+ infected CD4+ T cells in vitro. In contrast, functional improvement of CD8+ T cells from PLWH on short-term ART (less than a decade; ST-ARTp) after DC treatment was limited. This was associated with lower frequencies of central memory CD8+ T cells, increased co-expression of PD1 and TIGIT and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis induction upon TCR activation. In contrast, CD8+ T cells from LT-ARTp showed increased frequencies of TIM3+ PD1− cells and preserved induction of glycolysis. Treatment of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells from ST-ARTp with combined anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT antibodies plus a glycolysis promoting drug restored their ability to eliminate infected CD4+ T cells. Interpretation Together, our study identifies specific immunometabolic parameters for different PLWH subgroups potentially useful for future personalized DC-based HIV-1 vaccines. Funding NIH (R21AI140930), MINECO/FEDER RETOS (RTI2018-097485-A-I00) and CIBERINF grants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvet-Mirabent
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Martín-Cófreces
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Delgado-Arévalo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio de Los Santos
- Infectious Diseases Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Infecciosas, CIBERINF, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sanz
- Infectious Diseases Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Infecciosas, CIBERINF, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucio García-Fraile
- Infectious Diseases Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Infecciosas, CIBERINF, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immunology Section, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Univesritari Vall d'Hebrón (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Infecciosas, CIBERINF, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Ta TM, Malik S, Anderson EM, Jones AD, Perchik J, Freylikh M, Sardo L, Klase ZA, Izumi T. Insights Into Persistent HIV-1 Infection and Functional Cure: Novel Capabilities and Strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862270. [PMID: 35572626 PMCID: PMC9093714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although HIV-1 replication can be efficiently suppressed to undetectable levels in peripheral blood by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), lifelong medication is still required in people living with HIV (PLWH). Life expectancies have been extended by cART, but age-related comorbidities have increased which are associated with heavy physiological and economic burdens on PLWH. The obstacle to a functional HIV cure can be ascribed to the formation of latent reservoir establishment at the time of acute infection that persists during cART. Recent studies suggest that some HIV reservoirs are established in the early acute stages of HIV infection within multiple immune cells that are gradually shaped by various host and viral mechanisms and may undergo clonal expansion. Early cART initiation has been shown to reduce the reservoir size in HIV-infected individuals. Memory CD4+ T cell subsets are regarded as the predominant cellular compartment of the HIV reservoir, but monocytes and derivative macrophages or dendritic cells also play a role in the persistent virus infection. HIV latency is regulated at multiple molecular levels in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Epigenetic regulation of the proviral promoter can profoundly regulate the viral transcription. In addition, transcriptional elongation, RNA splicing, and nuclear export pathways are also involved in maintaining HIV latency. Although most proviruses contain large internal deletions, some defective proviruses may induce immune activation by expressing viral proteins or producing replication-defective viral-like particles. In this review article, we discuss the state of the art on mechanisms of virus persistence in the periphery and tissue and summarize interdisciplinary approaches toward a functional HIV cure, including novel capabilities and strategies to measure and eliminate the infected reservoirs and induce immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram M. Ta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sajjaf Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Anderson
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Region 3, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amber D. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Perchik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryann Freylikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luca Sardo
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Zackary A. Klase
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taisuke Izumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Taisuke Izumi,
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13
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Sánchez-Martínez A, Acevedo-Sáenz L, Alzate-Ángel JC, Álvarez CM, Guzmán F, Roman T, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Cardona-Maya WD, Velilla PA. Functional Profile of CD8 + T-Cells in Response to HLA-A*02:01-Restricted Mutated Epitopes Derived from the Gag Protein of Circulating HIV-1 Strains from Medellín, Colombia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793982. [PMID: 35392101 PMCID: PMC8980466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cells play a crucial role in the control of HIV replication. HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses rapidly expand since the acute phase of the infection, and it has been observed that HIV controllers harbor CD8+ T-cells with potent anti-HIV capacity. The development of CD8+ T-cell-based vaccine against HIV-1 has focused on searching for immunodominant epitopes. However, the strong immune pressure of CD8+ T-cells causes the selection of viral variants with mutations in immunodominant epitopes. Since HIV-1 mutations are selected under the context of a specific HLA-I, the circulation of viral variants with these mutations is highly predictable based on the most prevalent HLA-I within a population. We previously demonstrated the adaptation of circulating strains of HIV-1 to the HLA-A*02 molecule by identifying mutations under positive selection located in GC9 and SL9 epitopes derived from the Gag protein. Also, we used an in silico prediction approach and evaluated whether the mutations found had a higher or lower affinity to the HLA-A*02. Although this strategy allowed predicting the interaction between mutated peptides and HLA-I, the functional response of CD8+ T-cells that these peptides induce is unknown. In the present work, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 HIV-1+ HLA-A*02:01+ individuals were stimulated with the mutated and wild-type peptides derived from the GC9 and SL9 epitopes. The functional profile of CD8+ T-cells was evaluated using flow cytometry, and the frequency of subpopulations was determined according to their number of functions and the polyfunctionality index. The results suggest that the quality of the response (polyfunctionality) could be associated with the binding affinity of the peptide to the HLA molecule, and the functional profile of specific CD8+ T-cells to mutated epitopes in individuals under cART is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sánchez-Martínez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Liliana Acevedo-Sáenz
- Grupo Cuidado Enfermería CES, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Alzate-Ángel
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Universidad de Santander (CIB-UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Cristian M Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tanya Roman
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Walter D Cardona-Maya
- Grupo Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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14
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Mondatore D, Bai F, Augello M, Giovenzana M, Pisani Ceretti A, Bono V, Opocher E, d’Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti GC, Tincati C. Persistence of High Peripheral Activated CD8+ T-cells and Not a Low CD4:CD8 Ratio Predict cytologic HPV-Related Dysplasia in cART-Treated, HIV-Positive Subjects. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac046. [PMID: 35291446 PMCID: PMC8918388 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
People with HIV are at increased risk of HPV-disease progression, given the persistence of immune activation and residual inflammation despite effective cART. Whether a low CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio, known to mirror peripheral immune dysfunction, associates with Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SIL) is unknown.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study on cART-treated HIV-positive subjects undergoing screening for HPV-related dysplasia (anal/cervical cytology and HPV genotyping). SIL was defined as the presence of either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), Low-grade SIL or High-grade SIL. Demographic and viro-immunological parameters (T-cell count, CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio, CD8+CD38+ T-cells percentage) at the time of screening were analyzed by Chi square, Mann Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
419 cART-treated subjects were included. Half of the patients had cervical/anal SIL. Individuals with SIL were more commonly males, MSM, co-infected with Treponema pallidum, treated with Integrase Inhibitors (INSTI)-based cART regimens and with a shorter time since HIV diagnosis and cART initiation than subjects with normal cytology. CD38+CD8+ T-cells percentage, but not the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio, correlated with SIL. HPV infection, especially with multiple and high-risk genotypes, was confirmed associated with SIL. In multivariate analysis, the only factors independently associated with cervical/anal dysplasia were HPV infection and harbouring higher percentages of peripheral activated CD38+CD8+ T-cells.
Conclusions
HPV infection is the major driver of dysplasia in the setting of HIV infection. CD8+CD38+ T-cells also resulted an independent predictor of dysplasia in cART-treated subjects, while the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio did not. In the setting of HIV-HPV co-infection, the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio may not fully capture the alterations of HPV-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mondatore
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - F Bai
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M Augello
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - M Giovenzana
- Department of Health Sciences, Hepato-biliopancreatic and Digestive Surgery, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Pisani Ceretti
- Department of Health Sciences, Hepato-biliopancreatic and Digestive Surgery, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - V Bono
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - E Opocher
- Department of Health Sciences, Hepato-biliopancreatic and Digestive Surgery, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A d’Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - G C Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - C Tincati
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
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15
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Aggarwal N, Sachin, Nabi B, Aggarwal S, Baboota S, Ali J. Nano-based drug delivery system: a smart alternative towards eradication of viral sanctuaries in management of NeuroAIDS. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:27-48. [PMID: 33486689 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Even though the dawn of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) proved out to be a boon for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, management of HIV infections persists to be a major global health curse. A reduced efficacy with existing conventional therapy for brain targeting has been largely credited to the inability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in productive concentrations. The review consists of nano-based drug delivery strategies rendering superior outcomes to delivery of ARV drugs to the viral sanctuaries in the brain. Nano-ART for ARV drugs promotes the development of an optimized dosage regimen, thereby improving the penetration of drugs across the BBB in an attempt to target the central reservoirs hosting viral population. Numerous efforts have been undertaken for making the drug more bioavailable and therapeutically effective by moulding them into various nanostructures. Polymeric nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, nanodiamonds, vesicle-based drug carriers, metal-based nanoparticles, and nano vaccines have been reported for their advancing role as a smart alternative for drug delivery to central nervous system. The high drug loading capacity of nanocarriers and their small size effectuating increased surface to volume ratio is accountable for improved efficacy of ARV drugs when formulated as nanotherapeutics. This review highlights the advancing role of nanotherapeutics in mediating a successful delivery of ARV drugs to eradicate viral loads in treating NeuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Nabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of ECD, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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16
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PET imaging in HIV patients. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Osuna-Gómez R, Arqueros C, Galano C, Mulet M, Zamora C, Barnadas A, Vidal S. Effector Mechanisms of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Who Respond to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246167. [PMID: 34944786 PMCID: PMC8699550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study contributes to the characterization of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cell mediated-mechanisms involved in the anti-tumor response in breast cancer patients who respond to neoadyuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Cultures with plasma from responder (R), but not from non-responder (NR), patients increased the intracellular production of cytotoxic molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines in CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. However, the addition of neutralizing anti-IFN-γ or anti-IL-12 antibodies to cultures with plasma from R patients decreased this effector function on CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. These results suggest the presence of soluble factors in the plasma of R patients inducing the effector function of CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. Abstract Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) activation is an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer (BC) patients. Here, we go deeper into the function of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells from NACT treated HER2 negative BC patients. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cell percentage was increased in NACT responder (R) compared to non-responder (NR) patients. R patients with ER-/PR- hormone receptors had the highest CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cell frequencies, while no differences were found when patients were classified according to cancer stage or menopause status. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity and production of anti-tumor cytokines were enhanced when CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells from healthy donors were cultured with plasma from R, but not from NR patients. The induced anti-tumor profile of CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells was associated with plasmatic IL-12 and IFN-γ levels, increased cytokines in R patients. IL-12 or IFN-γ neutralization decreased cytotoxic activity and TNF-α production by cultured CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells in R plasma presence. All these data suggest that an effective response to NACT in BC patients is associated with increased IL-12 or IFN-γ levels involved in the induction of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory mechanisms in CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Osuna-Gómez
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.-G.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cristina Arqueros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Galano
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.-G.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Maria Mulet
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.-G.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carlos Zamora
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.-G.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Agustí Barnadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.); (A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.O.-G.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Ismail SD, Riou C, Joseph SB, Archin NM, Margolis DM, Perelson AS, Cassidy T, Abrahams MR, Moeser M, Council OD, McKinnon LR, Osman F, Karim QA, Abdool Karim SS, Swanstrom R, Williamson C, Garrett NJ, Burgers WA. Immunological Correlates of the HIV-1 Replication-Competent Reservoir Size. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1528-1531. [PMID: 34181706 PMCID: PMC8528395 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding what shapes the latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir is critical for developing strategies for cure. We measured frequency of persistent HIV-1 infection after 5 years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy initiated during chronic infection. Pretreatment CD8+ T-cell activation, nadir CD4 count, and CD4:CD8 ratio predicted reservoir size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherazaan D Ismail
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Sarah B Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancie M Archin
- Department of Medicine and UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine and UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,USA
| | - Alan S Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, MS K710, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tyler Cassidy
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, MS K710, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melissa-Rose Abrahams
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Moeser
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia D Council
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Farzana Osman
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Swanstrom
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
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Immune characterization of a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIOMEDICA 2021; 41:86-102. [PMID: 34669281 PMCID: PMC8604040 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Immunological markers have been described during COVID-19 and persist after recovery. These immune markers are associated with clinical features among SARS- CoV-2 infected individuals. Nevertheless, studies reporting a comprehensive analysis of the immune changes occurring during SARS-CoV-2 infection are still limited. Objective: To evaluate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the antibody response, and the phenotype and function of NK cells and T cells in a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: Proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The frequency, phenotype, and function of NK cells (cocultures with K562 cells) and T-cells (stimulated with spike/RdRp peptides) were assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using indirect immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization assay. Results: During COVID-19, we observed a high proinflammatory-cytokine production and a reduced CD56bright-NK cell and cytotoxic response. Compared with healthy controls, infected individuals had a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells CD38+HLA-DR-. During the acute phase, CD8+ T cells stimulated with viral peptides exhibited a monofunctional response characterized by high IL-10 production. However, during recovery, we observed a bifunctional response characterized by the co-expression of CD107a and granzyme B or perforin. Conclusion: Although the proinflammatory response is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection, other phenotypic and functional alterations in NK cells and CD8+ T cells could be associated with the outcome of COVID-19. However, additional studies are required to understand these alterations and to guide future immunotherapy strategies.
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20
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Mohamed H, Clemen R, Freund E, Lackmann JW, Wende K, Connors J, Haddad EK, Dampier W, Wigdahl B, Miller V, Bekeschus S, Krebs FC. Non-thermal plasma modulates cellular markers associated with immunogenicity in a model of latent HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247125. [PMID: 33647028 PMCID: PMC7920340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective control of infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), requires continuous and life-long use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) by people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In the absence of ART, HIV-1 reemergence from latently infected cells is ineffectively suppressed due to suboptimal innate and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. However, ART-free control of HIV-1 infection may be possible if the inherent immunological deficiencies can be reversed or restored. Herein we present a novel approach for modulating the immune response to HIV-1 that involves the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which is an ionized gas containing various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). J-Lat cells were used as a model of latent HIV-1 infection to assess the effects of NTP application on viral latency and the expression of pro-phagocytic and pro-chemotactic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Exposure of J-Lat cells to NTP resulted in stimulation of HIV-1 gene expression, indicating a role in latency reversal, a necessary first step in inducing adaptive immune responses to viral antigens. This was accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); the display of pro-phagocytic markers calreticulin (CRT), heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90; and a correlated increase in macrophage phagocytosis of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells. In addition, modulation of surface molecules that promote or inhibit antigen presentation was also observed, along with an altered array of displayed peptides on MHC I, further suggesting methods by which NTP may modify recognition and targeting of cells in latent HIV-1 infection. These studies represent early progress toward an effective NTP-based ex vivo immunotherapy to resolve the dysfunctions of the immune system that enable HIV-1 persistence in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ramona Clemen
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany.,CECAD proteomics facility, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jennifer Connors
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology Greifswald (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fred C Krebs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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21
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CD4 + and CD8 + cell populations in HIV-positive women with cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:370-377. [PMID: 33157285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to analyse cervical lymphocytic populations in HIV+ and HIV- patients and correlate different cervical lesions with HIV viral load and presence of high-risk HPV types. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 132 histological specimens from 40 HIV+ and 72 HIV- patients were evaluated for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell distribution, presence of high-risk HPV types, peripheral blood HIV viral load and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. RESULTS High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from HIV+ patients had lower CD4+ T cell scores compared with HIV- patients. In all lesion groups, HIV+ patients presented higher epithelial and stromal CD8+ T cell scores. HIV viral load was more often detectable in patients with SCC than in those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (p = 0.0409). HSIL HIV+ patients had lower circulating CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.0434) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p = 0.0378) compared with LSIL HIV+ patients. High-risk HPV types other than 16 and 18/45 were more prevalent in the HIV+ group. DISCUSSION These results support an imbalance between cervical CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of HIV+ patients with SIL and SCC, with increased CD8+ infiltrate density with lesion severity, even in patients with immune system recovery under cART.
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22
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Vigón L, Rodríguez-Mora S, Luna A, Sandonís V, Mateos E, Bautista G, Steegmann JL, Climent N, Plana M, Pérez-Romero P, de Ory F, Alcamí J, García-Gutierrez V, Planelles V, López-Huertas MR, Coiras M. Cytotoxic cell populations developed during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors protect autologous CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114203. [PMID: 32828803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are successfully used in clinic to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Our group previously described that CD4+ T cells from patients with CML on treatment with TKIs such as dasatinib were resistant to HIV-1 infection ex vivo. The main mechanism for this antiviral activity was primarily based on the inhibition of SAMHD1 phosphorylation, which preserves the activity against HIV-1 of this innate immune factor. Approximately 50% CML patients who achieved a deep molecular response (DMR) may safely withdraw TKI treatment without molecular recurrence. Therefore, it has been speculated that TKIs may induce a potent antileukemic response that is maintained in most patients even one year after treatment interruption (TI). Subsequent to in vitro T-cell activation, we observed that SAMHD1 was phosphorylated in CD4+ T cells from CML patients who withdrew TKI treatment more than one year earlier, which indicated that these cells were now susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Importantly, these patients were seronegative for HIV-1 and seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), but without CMV viremia. Although activated CD4+ T cells from CML patients on TI were apparently permissive to HIV-1 infection ex vivo, the frequency of proviral integration was reduced more than 12-fold on average when these cells were infected ex vivo in comparison with cells isolated from untreated, healthy donors. This reduced susceptibility to infection could be related to an enhanced NK-dependent cytotoxic activity, which was increased 8-fold on average when CD4+ T cells were infected ex vivo with HIV-1 in the presence of autologous NK cells. Enhanced cytotoxic activity was also observed in CD8 + T cells from these patients, which showed 8-fold increased expression of TCRγδ and more than 18-fold increased production of IFNγ upon activation with CMV peptides. In conclusion, treatment with TKIs induced a potent antileukemic response that may also have antiviral effects against HIV-1 and CMV, suggesting that transient use of TKIs in HIV-infected patients could develop a sustained antiviral response that would potentially interfere with HIV-1 reservoir dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vigón
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mora
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Luna
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, YRICIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Sandonís
- Viral Isolation and Detection, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guiomar Bautista
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Steegmann
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Climent
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Plana
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- Viral Isolation and Detection, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de Ory
- Serology Service, CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CNM, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Planelles
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - María Rosa López-Huertas
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Acevedo-Saenz L, Perdomo-Celis F, Montoya CJ, Velilla PA. Polyfunctional CD8+ T-Cell Response to Autologous Peptides from Protease and Reverse Transcriptase of HIV-1 Clade B. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:350-359. [PMID: 31622220 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191017105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of the HIV proteome influences the cellular response and development of an effective vaccine, particularly due to the generation of viral variants with mutations located within CD8+ T-cell epitopes. These mutations can affect the recognition of the epitopes, that may result in the selection of HIV variants with mutated epitopes (autologous epitopes) and different CD8+ T-cell functional profiles. OBJECTIVE To determine the phenotype and functionality of CD8+ T-cell from HIV-infected Colombian patients in response to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and reverse transcriptase (RT). METHODS By flow cytometry, we compared the ex vivo CD8+ T-cell responses from HIV-infected patients to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and RT, restricted by HLA-B*35, HLA-B*44 and HLA-B*51 alleles. RESULTS Although autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*35 and HLA-B*44 did not show any differences compared with consensus peptides, we observed the induction of a higher polyfunctional profile of CD8+ T-cells by autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*51, particularly by the production of interferon-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. The response by different memory CD8+ T-cell populations was comparable between autologous vs. consensus peptides. In addition, the magnitude of the polyfunctional response induced by the HLA-B*51-restricted QRPLVTIRI autologous epitope correlated with low viremia. CONCLUSION Autologous peptides should be considered for the evaluation of HIV-specific CD8+ Tcell responses and to reveal some relevant epitopes that could be useful for therapeutic strategies aiming to promote polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses in a specific population of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Acevedo-Saenz
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Enfermería-CES, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Montoya
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paula A Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Côté SC, Burke Schinkel SC, Berthoud TK, Barros PO, Sanchez‐Vidales M, Davidson AM, Crawley AM, Angel JB. IL-7 induces sCD127 release and mCD127 downregulation in human CD8 + T cells by distinct yet overlapping mechanisms, both of which are impaired in HIV infection. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1537-1549. [PMID: 32390135 PMCID: PMC7586945 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The IL‐7 receptor specific α chain, CD127, can be expressed both as a membrane‐associated (mCD127) and a soluble form (sCD127), however, the mechanisms involved in their regulation remain to be defined. We first demonstrated in primary human CD8+ T cells that IL‐7‐induced downregulation of mCD127 expression is dependent on JAK and PI3K signaling, whereas IL‐7‐induced sCD127 release is also mediated by STAT5. Following stimulation with IL‐7, expression of alternatively spliced variants of the CD127 gene, sCD127 mRNA, is reduced, but to a lesser degree than the full‐length gene. Evaluation of the role of proteases revealed that MMP‐9 was involved in sCD127 release, without affecting the expression of mCD127, suggesting it does not induce direct shedding from the cell surface. Since defects in the IL‐7/CD127 pathway occur in various diseases, including HIV, we evaluated CD8+ T cells derived from HAART‐treated HIV‐infected individuals and found that IL‐7‐induced (1) downregulation of mCD127, (2) release of sCD127, and (3) expression of the sCD127 mRNA were all impaired. Expression of mCD127 and sCD127 is, therefore, regulated by distinct, but overlapping, mechanisms and their impairment in HIV infection contributes to our understanding of the CD8+ T cell dysfunction that persists despite effective antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara K. Berthoud
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Priscila O. Barros
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Maria Sanchez‐Vidales
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - April M. Davidson
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Angela M. Crawley
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada
| | - Jonathan B. Angel
- The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of BiochemistryMicrobiology, and ImmunologyThe University of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Division of Infectious DiseasesThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaONCanada
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25
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Lawal IO, Stoltz AC, Sathekge MM. Molecular imaging of cardiovascular inflammation and infection in people living with HIV infection. Clin Transl Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cocker ATH, Shah NM, Raj I, Dermont S, Khan W, Mandalia S, Imami N, Johnson MR. Pregnancy Gestation Impacts on HIV-1-Specific Granzyme B Response and Central Memory CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32117291 PMCID: PMC7027986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy induces alterations in peripheral T-cell populations with both changes in subset frequencies and anti-viral responses found to alter with gestation. In HIV-1 positive women anti-HIV-1 responses are associated with transmission risk, however detailed investigation into both HIV-1-specific memory responses associated with HIV-1 control and T-cell subset changes during pregnancy have not been undertaken. In this study we aimed to define pregnancy and gestation related changes to HIV-1-specific responses and T-cell phenotype in ART treated HIV-1 positive pregnant women. Eleven non-pregnant and 24 pregnant HIV-1 positive women were recruited, peripheral blood samples taken, fresh cells isolated, and compared using ELISpot assays and flow cytometry analysis. Clinical data were collected as part of standard care, and non-parametric statistics used. Alterations in induced IFNγ, IL-2, IL-10, and granzyme B secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to HIV-1 Gag and Nef peptide pools and changes in T-cell subsets between pregnant and non-pregnant women were assessed, with data correlated with participant clinical parameters and longitudinal analysis performed. Cross-sectional comparison identified decreased IL-10 Nef response in HIV-1 positive pregnant women compared to non-pregnant, while correlations exhibited reversed Gag and Nef cytokine and protease response associations between groups. Longitudinal analysis of pregnant participants demonstrated transient increases in Gag granzyme B response and in the central memory CD4 T-cell subset frequency during their second trimester, with a decrease in CD4 effector memory T cells from their second to third trimester. Gag and Nef HIV-1-specific responses diverge with pregnancy time-point, coinciding with relevant T-cell phenotype, and gestation associated immunological adaptations. Decreased IL-10 Nef and both increased granzyme B Gag response and central memory CD4 T cells implies that amplified antigen production is occurring, which suggests a period of compromised HIV-1 control in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inez Raj
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dermont
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waheed Khan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Sanchez-Martinez A, Perdomo-Celis F, Acevedo-Saenz L, Rugeles MT, Velilla PA. Cytotoxic CD4 + T-cells during HIV infection: Targets or weapons? J Clin Virol 2019; 119:17-23. [PMID: 31445411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Classically, CD4+ T-cells have been referred as cytokine-producing cells and important players in immune responses by providing soluble factors that potentiate several effector immune functions. However, it is now evident that CD4+ T-cells can also elaborate cytotoxic responses, inducing apoptosis of target cells. Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs), exhibit cytolytic functions that resemble those of CD8+ T-cells; in fact, there is evidence suggesting that they may have a role in the control of viral infections. In this article, we discuss the role of CD4+ CTLs during HIV infection, where CD4+ CTLs have been associated with viral control and slow disease progression. In addition, we address the implication of CD4+ CTLs in the context of antiretroviral therapy and the partial reconstitution of CD8+ T-cells effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Liliana Acevedo-Saenz
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Enfermería-CES, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paula A Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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28
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Perdomo-Celis F, Taborda NA, Rugeles MT. CD8 + T-Cell Response to HIV Infection in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1896. [PMID: 31447862 PMCID: PMC6697065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has decreased the deaths associated with the immune deficiency acquired syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS conditions have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients under suppressive cART. Since these conditions are associated with a persistent inflammatory and immune activation state, major efforts are currently made to improve the immune reconstitution. CD8+ T-cells are critical in the natural and cART-induced control of viral replication; however, CD8+ T-cells are highly affected by the persistent immune activation and exhaustion state driven by the increased antigenic and inflammatory burden during HIV infection, inducing phenotypic and functional alterations, and hampering their antiviral response. Several CD8+ T-cell subsets, such as interleukin-17-producing and follicular CXCR5+ CD8+ T-cells, could play a particular role during HIV infection by promoting the gut barrier integrity, and exerting viral control in lymphoid follicles, respectively. Here, we discuss the role of CD8+ T-cells and some of their subpopulations during HIV infection in the context of cART-induced viral suppression, focusing on current challenges and alternatives for reaching complete reconstitution of CD8+ T-cells antiviral function. We also address the potential usefulness of CD8+ T-cell features to identify patients who will reach immune reconstitution or have a higher risk for developing non-AIDS conditions. Finally, we examine the therapeutic potential of CD8+ T-cells for HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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