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Correa-Delgado R, Brito-López P, Jaizme Vega MC, Laich F. Biodiversity of Trichoderma species of healthy and Fusarium wilt-infected banana rhizosphere soils in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376602. [PMID: 38800760 PMCID: PMC11122028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) is the most important crop in the Canary Islands (38.9% of the total cultivated area). The main pathogen affecting this crop is the soil fungal Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense subtropical race 4 (Foc-STR4), for which there is no effective control method under field conditions. Therefore, the use of native biological control agents may be an effective and sustainable alternative. This study aims to: (i) investigate the diversity and distribution of Trichoderma species in the rhizosphere of different banana agroecosystems affected by Foc-STR4 in Tenerife (the island with the greatest bioclimatic diversity and cultivated area), (ii) develop and preserve a culture collection of native Trichoderma species, and (iii) evaluate the influence of soil chemical properties on the Trichoderma community. A total of 131 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from 84 soil samples collected from 14 farms located in different agroecosystems on the northern (cooler and wetter) and southern (warmer and drier) slopes of Tenerife. Ten Trichoderma species, including T. afroharzianum, T. asperellum, T. atrobrunneum, T. gamsii, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. hirsutum, T. longibrachiatum, and T. virens, and two putative novel species, named T. aff. harzianum and T. aff. hortense, were identified based on the tef1-α sequences. Trichoderma virens (35.89% relative abundance) and T. aff. harzianum (27.48%) were the most abundant and dominant species on both slopes, while other species were observed only on one slope (north or south). Biodiversity indices (Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou) showed that species diversity and evenness were highest in the healthy soils of the northern slope. The Spearman analysis showed significant correlations between Trichoderma species and soil chemistry parameters (mainly with phosphorus and soil pH). To the best of our knowledge, six species are reported for the first time in the Canary Islands (T. afroharzianum, T. asperellum, T. atrobrunneum, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. hirsutum) and in the rhizosphere of banana soils (T. afroharzianum, T. atrobrunneum, T. gamsii, T. guizhouense, T. hirsutum, T. virens). This study provides essential information on the diversity/distribution of native Trichoderma species for the benefit of future applications in the control of Foc-STR4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federico Laich
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valle de Guerra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Zhao C, Onyino J, Gao X. Current Advances in the Functional Diversity and Mechanisms Underlying Endophyte-Plant Interactions. Microorganisms 2024; 12:779. [PMID: 38674723 PMCID: PMC11052469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant phenotype is a complex entity largely controlled by the genotype and various environmental factors. Importantly, co-evolution has allowed plants to coexist with the biotic factors in their surroundings. Recently, plant endophytes as an external plant phenotype, forming part of the complex plethora of the plant microbial assemblage, have gained immense attention from plant scientists. Functionally, endophytes impact the plant in many ways, including increasing nutrient availability, enhancing the ability of plants to cope with both abiotic and biotic stress, and enhancing the accumulation of important plant secondary metabolites. The current state of research has been devoted to evaluating the phenotypic impacts of endophytes on host plants, including their direct influence on plant metabolite accumulation and stress response. However, there is a knowledge gap in how genetic factors influence the interaction of endophytes with host plants, pathogens, and other plant microbial communities, eventually controlling the extended microbial plant phenotype. This review will summarize how host genetic factors can impact the abundance and functional diversity of the endophytic microbial community, how endophytes influence host gene expression, and the host-endophyte-pathogen disease triangle. This information will provide novel insights into how breeders could specifically target the plant-endophyte extended phenotype for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (J.O.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Johnmark Onyino
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (J.O.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.Z.); (J.O.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Sundar RDV, Arunachalam S. Xenomyrothecium tongaense PTS8: a rare endophyte of Polianthes tuberosa with salient antagonism against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1327190. [PMID: 38435697 PMCID: PMC10906109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes refer to microorganisms residing within the endosphere of plants, particularly perennials, without inflicting noticeable injury or inducing obvious morphological variations to their host plant or host organism. Endophytic fungi, although often overlooked microorganisms, have garnered interest due to their significant biological diversity and ability to produce novel pharmacological substances. Methods In this study, fourteen endophytic fungi retrieved were from the stem of the perennial plant Polianthes tuberosa of the Asparagaceae family. These fungal crude metabolites were tested for antagonistic susceptibility to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens using agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The chequerboard test was used to assess the synergistic impact of active extract. Results and discussion In early antibacterial screening using the Agar plug diffusion test, three of fourteen endophytes demonstrated antagonism against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Three isolates were grown in liquid medium and their secondary metabolites were recovered using various organic solvents. Eight extracts from three endophytic fungi displayed antagonism against one or more human pathogens with diameters ranging from 11 to 24 mm. The highest antagonistic effect was obtained in ethyl acetate extract for PTS8 isolate against two MRSA (ATCC 43300, 700699) with 20 ± 0.27 and 22 ± 0.47 mm zones of inhibition, respectively, among different solvent extracts. The extract had MICs of 3.12 ± 0.05 and 1.56 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and MBCs of 50 ± 0.01 and 12.5 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. Antagonism against VRE was 18 ± 0.23 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) with MIC and MBC of 6.25 ± 0.25 and 25 ± 0.01 μg/mL. When ethyl acetate extract was coupled with antibiotics, the chequerboard assay demonstrated a synergistic impact against MDR bacteria. In an antioxidant test, it had an inhibitory impact of 87 ± 0.5% and 88.5 ± 0.5% in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay, respectively, at 150 μg/mL concentration. PTS8 was identified as a Xenomyrothecium tongaense strain by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the foremost study to demonstrate the presence of an X. tongaense endophyte in the stem of P. tuberosa and the first report to study the antibacterial efficacy of X. tongaense which might serve as a powerful antibacterial source against antibiotic-resistant human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Dhevi V. Sundar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sathiavelu Arunachalam
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Błońska E, Jankowiak R, Lasota J, Krzemińska N, Zbyryt A, Ciach M. The role of chemical properties of the material deposited in nests of white stork in shaping enzymatic activity and fungal diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2583-2594. [PMID: 38066283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic debris accumulated in bird nests creates a unique environment for organisms, including microbes. Built from various plant materials that are typically enriched by animal residues, bird nest favours the development of various fungal groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of the material deposited in the white stork Ciconia ciconia nests and the link between extracellular enzyme activity and the diversity and composition of culturable fungi. Our findings revealed low C/P and N/P ratio values in the nest materials, which indicate a high P availability. Nest material C/N/P ratio ranged from 67/8/1 to 438/33/1. Enzymatic activity strongly correlated with the content of carbon, nitrogen, and pH of the material deposited in the nests. A total of 2726 fungal isolates were obtained from the nests, from which 82 taxa were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence data. The study indicates that white stork nests are microhabitat characterised by diverse chemical and biochemical properties. We found relationship between the fungal richness and diversity and the C/P and N/P ratios of materials from the nests. Our study showed that culturable fungi occurred frequently in materials with high levels of C, N, and P, as well as high concentrations of base alkaline elements (Ca, Mg, and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Krzemińska
- Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Zbyryt
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciach
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
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Ashkan MF, Younis SA, Elazab NT. Isolation and characterization of Trichoderma harzianum L-methioninase with promising a powerful anticancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103870. [PMID: 38020221 PMCID: PMC10663931 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive components derived from medicinal herbs have recently acquired popularity due to their efficacy in treating various ailments, including cancer and infectious diseases. In this study, the anticancer enzyme, L-methioninase isolated from medicinal plants endophytic fungi, then evaluated its promising therapeutic agents against different types of human cancers. L methionine was purified using column chromatography with the stationary phase of Sephadex G-200 with 6.6-fold purification, which increased the specific activity of 71.3 U/mg of protein with a recovery rate of 48.2 %. On the SDS-PAGE chromatogram, the apparent molecular mass of the isolated enzyme was 48 kDa, and its highest activity was observed at pH 8 and 35 °C. The enzyme was catalytically stable within the pH range of 6.0-9.0 and below 40 °C. This study demonstrates that isolated L-methioninase is particularly efficient against tumour cell lines in vitro. The crude and purified L-methioninase inhibited 60 and 80 % of the growth of the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), respectively, with an estimated IC50 = 12.6 μg/ml (crude) and IC50 = 5.0 μg/ml for purified L-methioninase from isolate 8 with accession no MZ675362. Because of this, pure L-methioninase has better catalytic characteristics and significant thermal stability, which could be used as a cancer-fighting substance than the enzyme purified from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada F. Ashkan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia A. Younis
- Department of Botany, Molecular Microbial Lab, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nahla T. Elazab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Goda MS, El-Kattan N, Abdel-Azeem MA, Allam KAM, Badr JM, Nassar NA, Almalki AJ, Alharbi M, Elhady SS, Eltamany EE. Antimicrobial Potential of Different Isolates of Chaetomium globosum Combined with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Chemical Profiling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1683. [PMID: 38136556 PMCID: PMC10742071 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms against commercial drugs has become a major problem worldwide. This study is the first of its kind to be carried out in Egypt to produce antimicrobial pharmaceuticals from isolated native taxa of the fungal Chaetomium, followed by a chemical investigation of the existing bioactive metabolites. Here, of the 155 clinical specimens in total, 100 pathogenic microbial isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The Chaetomium isolates were recovered from different soil samples, and wild host plants collected from Egypt showed strong inhibitory activity against MDR isolates. Chaetomium isolates displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones of 11.3 to 25.6 mm, 10.4 to 26.0 mm, and 10.5 to 26.5 mm, respectively. As a consecutive result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Chaetomium isolates ranged from 3.9 to 62.5 µg/mL. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed for selected Chaetomium isolates with the most promising antimicrobial potential against MDR bacteria. The LC-MS/MS analysis of Chaetomium species isolated from cultivated soil at Assuit Governate, Upper Egypt (3), and the host plant Zygophyllum album grown in Wadi El-Arbaein, Saint Katherine, South Sinai (5), revealed the presence of alkaloids as the predominant bioactive metabolites. Most detected bioactive metabolites previously displayed antimicrobial activity, confirming the antibacterial potential of selected isolates. Therefore, the Chaetomium isolates recovered from harsh habitats in Egypt are rich sources of antimicrobial metabolites, which will be a possible solution to the multi-drug resistant bacteria tragedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Noura El-Kattan
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai 45511, Egypt;
| | - Kamilia A. M. Allam
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | | | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. Health-Promoting Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:997. [PMID: 37888253 PMCID: PMC10608072 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the intricate relationship between plants and the endophytic fungi inhabiting their tissues. These fungi harmoniously coexist with plants, forming a distinct symbiotic connection that has caught scientific attention due to its potential implications for plant health and growth. The diverse range of bioactive compounds produced by these fungi holds significant promise for human health. The review covers various aspects of this topic, starting by introducing endophytic microorganisms, explaining their colonization of different plant parts, and illuminating their potential roles in enhancing plant defense against diseases and promoting growth. The review emphasizes the widespread occurrence and diversity of these microorganisms among plant species while highlighting the complexities and significance of isolating and extracting bioactive compounds from them. It focuses on the health benefits of these bioactive compounds, including their capacity to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The review delves into the mechanisms behind these health-promoting effects, spotlighting how the compounds interact with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and gene expression. In conclusion, the review provides a comprehensive overview of health-promoting bioactive compounds from plant endophytic fungi. It outlines their multifaceted impact, potential applications, and future research avenues in health and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, Shukla AK, Sunita K, Kumar A, Bontempi E, Ma Y, Kolton M, Singh AK. Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1455-1486. [PMID: 36917283 PMCID: PMC10497456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Niraj Yadav
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon, Lezion, Israel
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Max Kolton
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College (A constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur, 812007, Bihar, India.
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Xu N, Lu B, Wang Y, Yu X, Yao N, Lin Q, Xu X, Lu B. Effects of salt stress on seed germination and respiratory metabolism in different Flueggea suffruticosa genotypes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15668. [PMID: 37483969 PMCID: PMC10362856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection and utilization of ornamental plants that are highly tolerant to salt are helpful for landscape construction and the ecological protection of coastal and arid areas. To evaluate salt tolerance, one of the most used methods is the observation of seed germination under salt stress. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl in water absorption, germination, and respiratory metabolism in seeds of different Flueggea suffruticosa genotypes. P2 and P27, salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant line s of F. suffruticosa, were chosen for treatment with 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mM NaCl. F. suffruticosa under salt stress exhibited inhibition of seed germination. The seeds of F. suffruticosa have different times for the physiological phases of water absorption with different NaCl concentrations. Salt stress retarded the seed water absorption process, and it depended on seed genotypes for F. suffruticosa. Soluble sugars accumulated in both P2 and P27 under salt stress. Meanwhile, the activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were overall increased in P27 after salt treatment, which caused increases in pyruvic acid and citric acid. The citrate synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities decreased in P2. These results suggest that the respiratory metabolism of salt-tolerant F. suffruticosa was enhanced, compared with the salt-sensitive line, to ameliorate the repression of seed germination under salt stress. The different changes in respiratory metabolism could influence the degree of salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Xu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Yao
- College of Horticulture Science & Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Qijuan Lin
- College of Marine Resources & Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xingyou Xu
- College of Marine Resources & Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Bingshe Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Dos Reis JBA, Pappas Junior GJ, Lorenzi AS, Pinho DB, Costa AM, Bustamante MMDC, Vale HMMD. How Deep Can the Endophytic Mycobiome Go? A Case Study on Six Woody Species from the Brazilian Cerrado. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050508. [PMID: 37233219 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the complex relationship between plants and endophytic fungi is very important in order to understand the maintenance of biodiversity, equity, stability, and ecosystem functioning. However, knowledge about the diversity of endophytic fungi from species of the native Brazilian Cerrado biome is poorly documented and remains largely unknown. These gaps led us to characterize the diversity of Cerrado endophytic foliar fungi associated with six woody species (Caryocar brasiliense, Dalbergia miscolobium, Leptolobium dasycarpum, Qualea parviflora, Ouratea hexasperma, and Styrax ferrugineus). Additionally, we investigated the influence of host plant identities on the structure of fungal communities. Culture-dependent methods coupled with DNA metabarcoding were employed. Irrespective of the approach, the phylum Ascomycota and the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes were dominant. Using the cultivation-dependent method, 114 isolates were recovered from all the host species and classified into more than 20 genera and 50 species. Over 50 of the isolates belonged to the genus Diaporthe, and were distributed into more than 20 species. Metabarcoding revealed the phyla Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota, and Zoopagomycota. These groups are reported for the first time as components of the endophytic mycobiome of Cerrado plant species. In total, 400 genera were found in all host species. A unique leaf endophytic mycobiome was identified in each host species, which differed not only by the distribution of fungal species, but also by the abundance of shared species. These findings highlight the importance of the Brazilian Cerrado as a reservoir of microbial species, and emphasize how endophytic fungal communities are diversified and adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Joannis Pappas Junior
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Batista Pinho
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins Costa
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Helson Mario Martins do Vale
- University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Phytopathology, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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Abdelalatif AM, Elwakil BH, Mohamed MZ, Hagar M, Olama ZA. Fungal Secondary Metabolites/Dicationic Pyridinium Iodide Combinations in Combat against Multi-Drug Resistant Microorganisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062434. [PMID: 36985405 PMCID: PMC10058977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microbes is a huge socioeconomic burden and a growing concern for global public health. In the current study, two endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Mangifera Indica roots and identified as Aspergillus niger MT597434.1 and Trichoderma lixii KU324798.1. Secondary metabolites produced by A. niger and T. lixii were extracted and tested for their antimicrobial activity. The highest activity was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli treated with A. niger and T. lixii secondary metabolites, respectively. A. niger crude extract was mainly composed of Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (26.66 and 18.01%, respectively), while T. lixii crude extract's major components were 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E) and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, and methyl ester (10.69 and 10.32%, respectively). Moreover, a comparative study between the fungal extracts and dicationic pyridinium iodide showed that the combination of A. niger and T. lixii secondary metabolites with dicationic pyridinium iodide compound showed a synergistic effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The combined formulae inhibited the bacterial growth after 4 to 6 h through cell wall breakage and cells deformation, with intracellular components leakage and increased ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub M Abdelalatif
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Hagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
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El-Zawawy NA, Ali SS, Nouh HS. Exploring the potential of Rhizopus oryzae AUMC14899 as a novel endophytic fungus for the production of L-tyrosine and its biomedical applications. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 36804031 PMCID: PMC9942418 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant threat to the public's health is the rise in antimicrobial resistance among numerous nosocomial bacterial infections. This may be a detriment to present initiatives to enhance the health of immune-compromised patients. Consequently, attention has been devoted to exploring new bioactive compounds in the field of drug discovery from endophytes. Therefore, this study is the first on the production of L-tyrosine (LT) as a promising bio-therapeutic agent from endophytic fungi. RESULTS A new endophytic fungal isolate has been identified for the first time as Rhizopus oryzae AUMC14899 from Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) and submitted to GenBank under the accession number MZ025968. Separation of amino acids in the crude extract of this fungal isolate was carried out, giving a higher content of LT, which is then characterized and purified. LT exhibited strong antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 6 to 20 µg/ml. In addition, LT caused a strong reduction in biofilm formation and disrupted the preformed biofilm. Moreover, results indicated that LT supported cell viability, evidencing hemocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LT has potential as a therapeutic agent due to its potential antibacterial, anti-biofilm, hemocompatibility, and lack of cytotoxic activities, which may also increase the range of therapy options for skin burn infections, leading to the development of a novel fungal-based drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma A. El-Zawawy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Sameh Samir Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Hoda S. Nouh
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
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Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang J, Huang R, Wang Y, Liu L, Nong X, Hu Y. Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ageratina adenophora Exhibits Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:650. [PMID: 36771733 PMCID: PMC9920656 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cause infections that are difficult to treat globally, even with current available antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for novel antibiotics to tackle this problem. Endophytes are a potential source of novel bioactive compounds; however, the harnessing of novel pharmacological compounds from endophytes is infinite. Therefore, this study was designed to identify endophytic fungi (from Ageratina adenophora) with antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using fungal morphology and ITS-rDNA, endophytic fungi with antibacterial activities were isolated from A. adenophora. The results of the ITS rDNA sequence analysis showed that a total of 124 morphotype strains were identified. In addition, Species richness (S, 52), Margalef index (D/, 7.3337), Shannon-Wiener index (H/,3.6745), and Simpson's diversity index (D, 0.9304) showed that A. adenophora have abundant endophytic fungi resources. Furthermore, the results of the agar well diffusion showed that the Penicillium sclerotigenum, Diaporthe kochmanii, and Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola endophytic fungi's ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial and bactericidal activities, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SMU3194, with a MIC of 0.5-1 mg/mL and a MBC of 1-2 mg/mL. In summary, A. adenophora contains endophytic fungi resources that can be pharmacologically utilized, especially as antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
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Dos Reis JBA, Lorenzi AS, do Vale HMM. Methods used for the study of endophytic fungi: a review on methodologies and challenges, and associated tips. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:675. [PMID: 36264513 PMCID: PMC9584250 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that colonize the interior of plant tissues (e.g. leaves, seeds, stem, trunk, roots, fruits, flowers) in intracellular and/or extracellular spaces without causing symptoms of disease in host plants. These microorganisms have been isolated from plant species in a wide variety of habitats worldwide, and it is estimated that all terrestrial plants are colonized by one or more species of endophytic fungus. In addition, these microorganisms have been drawing the attention of researchers because of their ability to synthesize a wide range of bioactive molecules with potential for applications in agriculture, medicine and biotechnology. However, several obstacles come up when studying the diversity and chemical potential of endophytic fungi. For example, the usage of an inappropriate surface disinfection method for plant tissue may not eliminate the epiphytic microbiota or may end up interfering with the endophytic mycobiota, which consequently generates erroneous results. Moreover, the composition of the culture medium and the culture conditions can favor the growth of certain species and inhibit others, which generates underestimated results. Other inconsistencies can arise from the fungus misidentification and consequent exploration of its chemical potential. Based on the methodological biases that may occur at all stages of studies dealing with endophytic fungi, the objective of this review is to discuss the main methods employed in these studies as well as highlight the challenges derived from the different approaches. We also report associated tips to help future studies on endophytic fungi as a contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Helson Mario Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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15
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Exploring the potential of benzoic acid derived from the endophytic fungus strain Neurospora crassa SSN01 as a promising antimicrobial agent in wound healing. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dos Reis JBA, do Vale HMM, Lorenzi AS. Insights into taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of Cerrado endophytic fungi: a review exploring an unique Brazilian biome and methodological limitations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:202. [PMID: 35999403 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and it is known for harboring a wide variety of endemic plant and microbial species, among which are endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing disease in host plants. Especially in the Cerrado biome, this group of microorganisms is still poorly studied and information on species estimation, ecological and evolutionary importance is not accurate and remains unknown. Also, it is extremely important to emphasize that great part of studies available on Cerrado endophytic fungi are national literature, including master's dissertations, course conclusion works or unpublished doctoral theses. The majority of these studies has highlighted that the endemic plant species are an important habitat for fungal endophytes, and new species have increasingly been described. Due to the lack of international literature on Cerrado endophytic fungi, the present review brings a bibliographic survey on taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of fungal endophytes from a unique environment. This review also emphasizes the importance of studying Brazilian endophytic fungi from Cerrado as a source of new technologies (biofertilizer and biocontroller), since they are secondary metabolite-producing organisms with different biological activities for biotechnological, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helson Mário Martins do Vale
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sturion Lorenzi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Isolation and Molecular Identification of Serratia Strains Producing Chitinases, Glucanases, Cellulases, and Prodigiosin and Determination of Their Antifungal Effect against Colletotrichum siamense and Alternaria alternata In Vitro and on Mango Fruit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms represent a viable option for the control of phytopathogens. From the surface of healthy mangoes, different bacteria were isolated. For all isolated bacterial strains, we determined their antimicrobial activity against a fungal strain that caused anthracnose in mangoes and against Alternaria alternata, both in the culture medium and directly on mangoes. The bacterial strains with the highest antifungal activity were identified by sequencing the 16s rRNA gene. Two species of Serratia were identified: marcescens and nematodiphila. Finally, the chitinolytic, glucanolytic, and cellulolytic activity and prodigiosin production of bacteria with antifungal activity was determined. Five fungal strains were isolated from mangoes with anthracnose. Only one strain was responsible for anthracnose in mangoes. This fungal strain was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. Against C. siamense and A. alternata in vitro and in mango selected strains of Serratia showed antifungal activity. Finally, the Serratia strains produced chitinases, glucanases, cellulases and prodigiosin, and the two S. marcescens strains did not produce hemolysins. The three Serratia strains isolated in this study can potentially be used in the biological control of anthracnose caused by C. siamense and A. alternata on mango.
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Ming Q, Huang X, Guo L, Liu D, Qin L, He Y, Tang Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Li P. Diversity of endophytic fungi in Coptis chinensis Franch. and their activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:965-974. [PMID: 35907122 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the diversity of endophytic fungi from Coptis chinensis and their activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Seventy-nine fungal isolates obtained from C. chinensis were identified to belong to 27 species based on morphological features and internal transcript spacer (ITS) gene sequencing analysis. Comparing relative frequency values, the most frequent genera were Colletotrichum and Fusarium, while most frequent species were C. gloeosporioides and F. avenaceum. Analysis of diversity indices indicated that C. chinensis harbored abundant fungal resources. Methanol extracts of fungal endophyte cultures were evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and two other MRSA clinical strains. Nine of 27 endophytic fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Among them, Paraboeremia litseae HL-17, Fusarium sp. HL-23, and Fusarium sp. HL-27 exhibited obvious inhibition against the three S. aureus strains. Our findings suggest that the endophytic fungi in C. chinensis have a high diversity and an obvious tissue specificity, and could be of potential interest in screening anti-MRSA agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the diversity and anti-MRSA activity of fungal endophytes from C. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuning Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Linming Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingyue Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yimo He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junkang Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Lykholat YV, Didur OO, Drehval OA, Khromykh NO, Sklyar TV, Lykholat TY, Liashenko OV, Kovalenko IM. Endophytic community of Chaenomeles speciosa fruits: Screening for biodiversity and antifungal activity. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit crops of the genus Chaenomeles Lindl are considered today as a superfood due to accumulation of biologically active compounds with antioxidant ability and known health-promoting properties. Successful introduction of this non-traditional culture in the steppe zone of Ukraine characterised by an unfavourable climate suggests the functioning of effective protective mechanisms in plants, including those that can be provided by the influence of endophytic microorganisms. However, there is little information about the endophytic community of Chaenomeles plants. Herein, the current study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from the Ch. speciosa fruits and evaluate their biological activities against the phytopathogens. The study was carried out based on the collection of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro city, Ukraine). Three media, namely PDA, MPA, and Gause’s medium were used for isolation of endophytic fungi. Colonies of isolates for identification were grown on PDA, Czapek's agar, and Czapek’s yeast autolysate media. Six fungal endophytic isolates derived from both peel and pulp of Ch. speciosa fruits have been morphologically identified using macroscopic and microscopic techniques, and assigned to the genus Penicillium (sections Chrysogena, Penicillium, Viridicata), and genus Talaromyces (section Talaromyces). Species P. expansum, P. viridicatum, and P. hirsutum were identified among the peel isolates, while P. chrysogenum, P. cyclopium, and P. purpurogenum were among the pulp isolates. Antagonistic ability of the endophytic isolates against phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated using the dual culture method. The results showed moderate to high antifungal capacity of the endophytic isolates against the phytopathogenic strains of the Fusarium genus. The growth inhibition of F. culmorum mycelium due to the influence of endophytic isolates was 51.5–81.3%, and the inhibition of the growth of F. oxysporum colonies was in the range of 68.4–86.6% as compared with control. There were no significant differences in the antagonistic ability between endophytic isolates derived from the peel and pulp of the fruit. Taken together, our findings indicated the great potential of the endophytic fungi from Ch. speciosa fruits as a source for the development of biocontrol agents and discovery of new bioactive compounds.
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Zhang H, Wei TP, Li LZ, Luo MY, Jia WY, Zeng Y, Jiang YL, Tao GC. Multigene Phylogeny, Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Sordariomycetes From Rosa roxburghii. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755919. [PMID: 34912312 PMCID: PMC8667620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is widely applied in food, cosmetics, and traditional medicine, and has been demonstrated to possess diverse bioactivities. Plant endophytic fungi are important microbial resources with great potential for application in many fields. They not only establish mutualistic symbiosis with host plants but also produce a variety of bioactive compounds. Therefore, in the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from R. roxburghii, the diversity and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. As a result, 242 strains of endophytic Sordariomycetes were successfully isolated. Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that these isolates included eight orders, 19 families, 33 genera. The dominant genera were Diaporthe (31.4%), Fusarium (14.4%), Chaetomium (7.9%), Dactylonectria (7.0%), Graphium (4.5%), Colletotrichum (4.1%), and Clonostachys (4.1%). For different tissues of R. roxburghii, alpha diversity analysis revealed that the diversity of fungal communities decreased in the order of root, fruit, stem, flower, leaf, and seed, and Clonostachys and Dactylonectria exhibited obvious tissue specificity. Meanwhile, functional annotation of 33 genera indicated that some fungi have multitrophic lifestyles combining endophytic, pathogenic, and saprophytic behavior. Additionally, antimicrobial activities of endophytic Sordariomycetes against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum capsici, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas syringae, Pantoea agglomerans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened. Dual culture test assays showed that there were 40 different endophytic species with strong inhibition of at least one or moderate inhibition of two or more against the 12 tested strains. The results from the filter paper diffusion method suggested that extracellular metabolites may be more advantageous than intracellular metabolites in the development of antimicrobial agents. Eleven isolates with good activities were screened. In particular, Hypomontagnella monticulosa HGUP194009 and Nigrospora sphaerica HGUP191020 have shown promise in both broad-spectrum and intensity. Finally, some fungi that commonly cause disease have been observed to have beneficial biological activities as endophytic fungi. In conclusion, this study showed the species composition, alpha diversity, and lifestyle diversity of endophytic Sordariomycetes from R. roxburghii and demonstrated these isolates are potential sources for exploring antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Tian-Peng Wei
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin-Zhu Li
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei-Yu Jia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Lan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Can Tao
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China.,Food Safety and Nutrition (Guizhou) Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Guiyang, China
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Padder SA, Mansoor S, Bhat SA, Baba TR, Rather RA, Wani SM, Popescu SM, Sofi S, Aziz MA, Hefft DI, Alzahrani OM, Noureldeen A, Darwish H. Bacterial Endophyte Community Dynamics in Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) Germplasm and Their Evaluation for Scab Management Strategies. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110923. [PMID: 34829212 PMCID: PMC8623955 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The large genetic evolution due to the sexual reproduction-mediated gene assortments and propensities has made Venturia inaequalis (causing apple scab) unique with respect to its management strategies. The resistance in apple germplasm against the scab, being controlled for by more than fifteen genes, has limited gene alteration-based investigations. Therefore, a biological approach of bacterial endophyte community dynamics was envisioned across the apple germplasm in context to the fungistatic behavior against V. inaequalis. A total of 155 colonies of bacterial endophytes were isolated from various plant parts of the apple, comprising 19 varieties, and after screening for antifungal behavior followed by morphological, ARDRA, and sequence analysis, a total of 71 isolates were selected for this study. The alpha diversity indices were seen to fluctuate greatly among the isolation samples in context to microflora with antifungal behavior. As all the isolates were screened for the presence of various metabolites and some relevant genes that directly or indirectly influence the fungistatic behavior of the isolated microflora, a huge variation among the isolated microflora was observed. The outstanding isolates showing highest percentage growth inhibition of V. inaequalis were exploited to raise a bio-formulation, which was tested against the scab prevalence in eight apple varieties under controlled growth conditions. The formulation at all the concentrations caused considerable reductions in both the disease severity and disease incidence in all the tested apple varieties. Red Delicious being most important cultivar of the northwestern Himalayas was further investigated for its biochemical behavior in formulation and the investigation revealed different levels of enzyme production, chlorophyll, and sugars against the non-inoculated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid A. Padder
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, FBSc, SKUAST-J, Jammu 180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sajad A. Bhat
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Tawseef Rehman Baba
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Saima M. Wani
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, 13, A.I. Cuza, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Shakeela Sofi
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, FoH, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.A.B.); (S.M.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Malik Asif Aziz
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, Sher-e—Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Wadura Sopore 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- University Centre Reaseheath, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK;
| | - Othman M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (O.M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 110099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Scots pine forests of the Manowo Forest District in northern Poland. Moreover, we determined the effect of relict charcoal production on the soil properties. Our research was conducted by comparing the physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological properties of charcoal-enriched and charcoal-free soils. Significant differences in physical properties were found between these two soil types in terms of their structure and water holding capacity. As expected, horizons enriched with charcoal were characterised by a significantly higher organic carbon content (4.7% on average compared to 2.2% in control horizons), and also by a considerably higher content of available phosphorus (an average of 64.07 mg·kg−1 compared to 36.21 mg·kg−1 in the control). Similarly, RCH horizons displayed a higher pH and higher contents of Ca and Na cations. These results indicated that RCH soils provided more favourable conditions for the soil microbiome, as reflected by the higher enzymatic activity and diversity of the microorganisms. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities in RCH soils were more diverse and had greater species/genera richness, especially in the case of fungi. Members of the genus Rhodoplanes dominated the bacterial community at both RCH and non-RCH sites, followed by Streptomyces, Burkholderia, Skermanella, Tsukamurella and Candidatus Solibacter. Both culture- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses showed that soil fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, with Penicillium as the most abundant genus. Our results showed that hearth soils may represent a significant C pool in the forest ecosystem. This study supports the strategy of safeguarding such charcoal-enriched soils as precious C reservoirs and ecologically important biodiversity hotspots. Moreover, the application of charcoal may effectively increase the microbial diversity of forest soils, especially during the reforestation or re-cultivation of disturbed habitats.
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23
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Palupi KD, Ilyas M, Agusta A. Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:823-829. [PMID: 34214306 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endophytic fungi are an essential source of biologically active compounds. They have the ability to synthesize secondary metabolites which are the same or have a high degree of similarity to their host plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the biodiversity and the bioactivities of active metabolites produced by 14 endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Physalis angulata L. (PA). METHODS Fourteen endophytic fungi were isolated from the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruit husks of PA. The endophytic fungi were cultured and incubated in the PDB medium at room temperature. After three weeks, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate and dried using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH while antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using microdilution technique. TLC analysis was also done to profile the active compounds within the extract. RESULTS Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower of PA exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity with an antioxidant index value of 0.59 (IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL). Six isolates have strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 8-64 μg/mL. These endophytic fungi are one Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower, one Fusarium sp. isolated from the stem, and four Colletotrichum sp. isolated from leaf and fruit husk of PA. CONCLUSIONS Endophytic fungi isolated from PA are potential novel sources of active metabolites especially for antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Dyah Palupi
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Andria Agusta
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
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Chaves Neto JR, Nascimento dos Santos MS, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. Phoma dimorpha phytotoxic activity potentialization for bioherbicide production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Antioxidant metabolites from riparian fungal endophytes improve the tolerance of rice seedlings to flooding. CHEMOECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-021-00351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Fusarium solani G6, a novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus: characterization, yield improvement and osteoblastic proliferation activity. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1371-1383. [PMID: 33797653 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to characterize a novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus Fusarium solani G6 from Cajanus cajan, improve its capability for producing vitexin and evaluate its osteoblastic proliferation activity. A total of 153 endophytic fungi, classified into 6 genera, were isolated from C. cajan. Among them, only one strain, endophyte G6 identified as Fusarium solani, was found to produce vitexin. After the optimization of fermentation conditions, the highest vitexin yield (18.72 mg/L) for the strain was observed in PDB liquid medium containing 20.54 g/L of glucose and 8.90 g/L of ammonium sulfate, at an initial medium pH of 5.1 and at 28 °C for 6 days of cultivation. Moreover, the fungal vitexin exhibited notable osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity. A novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus F. solani G6 was characterized from C. cajan for the first time. The findings highlighted its potential use for large-scale production of vitexin and might have a promising use as therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
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27
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The symbiosis between Philidris ants and the ant-plant Dischidia major includes fungal and algal associates. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Techaoei S, Jarmkom K, Dumrongphuttidecha T, Khobjai W. Evaluation of the stability and antibacterial activity of crude extracts of hydro-endophytic fungi. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:61-66. [PMID: 33532357 PMCID: PMC7832182 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_114_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and screening of secondary metabolites of four hydro-endophytes isolated from lotus, and the stability of bioactive compounds was evaluated. Surface-sterilized technique was used to isolate the endophytic fungi (EF) on potato dextrose agar and identified by using morphological and molecular techniques. The extracts were tested for anti-microbial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) DMST20651, Streptococcus mutans (SM) DMST18777, Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) ATCC12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) TISTR1467, and Propionibacterium acnes (PN) DMST14916. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were determined. Finally, thermal and ultraviolet (UV) stability was evaluated. Four endophyte isolates (EF 14, EF36, EF53, EF58, and EF60) produced secondary metabolites and showed activity against MRSA, SM, SE, PA, and PN, respectively. The crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extract of EF14 showed activity against MRSA with the inhibition zone of 9.00 ± 0.00 and 7.50 ± 0.50 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentration was 4.80 and 4.90 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 9.60 mg/mL. Whereas, the crude EtOAc and MeOH extract EF60, which were extracted by EtOAc and MeOH, showed inhibition zone of SE as 12.33 ± 0.57 and 12.33 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. Crude EtOAC extracts of EF14 showed highest thermal stability at 55°C-121°C, and UV stability with MRSA and SE, respectively. The results showed that the EtOAc extracts of EF could be potential antibacterial pathogens and displayed UV-thermal stability. This information is beneficial for future investigations, since some bioactive compounds have potential as anti-resistant strains of some bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachai Techaoei
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Khemjira Jarmkom
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thisakorn Dumrongphuttidecha
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Warachate Khobjai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Nation University, Lampang, Thailand
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Fungal Endophytes from Orchidaceae: Diversity and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Jagannath S, Konappa N, Lokesh A, Dasegowda T, Udayashankar AC, Chowdappa S, Cheluviah M, Satapute P, Jogaiah S. Bioactive compounds guided diversity of endophytic fungi from Baliospermum montanum and their potential extracellular enzymes. Anal Biochem 2020; 614:114024. [PMID: 33245903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg, a medicinal plant distributed throughout India from Kashmir to peninsular-Indian region is extensively used to treat jaundice, asthma, and constipation. In the current study, 203 endophytic fungi representing twenty-nine species were isolated from tissues of B. montanum. The colonization and isolation rate of endophytes were higher in stem followed by seed, root, leaf and flower. The phytochemical analysis revealed 70% endophytic isolates showed alkaloids and flavonoids, 13% were positive for phenols, saponins and terpenoids. Further, these endophytes produced remarkable extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, phosphates, protease and lipase. The most promisive three endophytic fungi were identified by ITS region and secreted metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The GC-MS profile detected twenty-five bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extracts. Among endophytic fungi, Trichoderma reesei isolated from flower exhibited nine bioactive compounds namely, 2-Cyclopentenone, 2-(4-chloroanilino)-4-piperidino, Oxime-methoxy-Phenyl, Methanamine N-hydroxy-N-methyl, Strychane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Octamethyl and 1-Acetyl-20a-hydroxy-16-methylene. The endophyte, Aspergillus brasiliensis isolated from root and Fusarium oxysporum isolated from seed produced nine and seven bioactive compounds, respectively. Overall, a significant contribution of bioactive compounds was noticed from the diverse endophytic fungi associated with B. montanum and could be explored for development of novel drug with commercial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Jagannath
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimhamurthy Konappa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysur, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Lokesh
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejaswini Dasegowda
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Arakere C Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysur, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Chowdappa
- Fungal Metabolites Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Maya Cheluviah
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India.
| | - Praveen Satapute
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India.
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An C, Ma S, Shi X, Xue W, Liu C, Ding H. Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb in Qinling Mountains, China. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5958. [PMID: 32825065 PMCID: PMC7503977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Chloranthus japonicus Sieb is known for its anticancer properties and mainly distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. In this study, we firstly investigated the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the culturable endophytic fungi from C. japonicus. A total of 332 fungal colonies were successfully isolated from 555 tissue segments of the medicinal plant C. japonicus collected from Qinling Mountains, China. One hundred and thirty representative morphotype strains were identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses and were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Mucoromycetes), and at least 30 genera. Colletotrichum (RA, 60.54%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Aspergillus (RA, 11.75%) and Diaporthe (RA, 9.34%). The Species Richness Index (S, 56) and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H', 2.7076) indicated that C. japonicus harbored abundant fungal resources. Thirteen out of 130 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Among of these, F8158, which was identified as Trichoderma cf. harzianum, exhibited good antagonistic capacities (the percent inhibition of mycelial growth ranged from 47.72~88.18) for different pathogens and has a potential application in biological control. In addition, it is noteworthy that the strain F8157 (Thanatephorus cucumeris, an opportunistic pathogen) showed antibacterial and antifungal activity, which is reported firstly in this study, and should be investigated further. Taken together, these results indicated that the endophytic fungi from C. japonicus may be of potential interest in screening bio-control agents and discovering of new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao An
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, China; (C.A.); (S.M.); (C.L.); (H.D.)
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
| | - Saijian Ma
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, China; (C.A.); (S.M.); (C.L.); (H.D.)
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, China; (C.A.); (S.M.); (C.L.); (H.D.)
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
| | - Chen Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, China; (C.A.); (S.M.); (C.L.); (H.D.)
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
| | - Hao Ding
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi’an 710043, China; (C.A.); (S.M.); (C.L.); (H.D.)
- Engineering Center of QinLing Mountains Natural Products, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710043, China;
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