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Beron-Vera F, Lemus SA, Mahmoud AO, Beron-Vera P, Ezzy A, Chen CB, Mann BJ, Travascio F. Asymmetry in kinematics of dominant/nondominant lower limbs in central and lateral positioned college and sub-elite soccer players. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304511. [PMID: 38848409 PMCID: PMC11161049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Change of direction, stops, and pivots are among the most common non-contact movements associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer. By observing these dynamic movements, clinicians recognize abnormal kinematic patterns that contribute to ACL tears such as increased knee valgus or reduced knee flexion. Different motions and physical demands are observed across playing positions, which may result in varied lower limb kinematic patterns. In the present study, 28 college and sub-elite soccer players performed four dynamic motions (change of direction with and without ball, header, and instep kick) with the goal of examining the effect of on-field positioning, leg dominance, and gender in lower body kinematics. Motion capture software monitored joint angles in the knee, hip, and ankle. A three-way ANOVA showed significant differences in each category. Remarkably, centrally positioned players displayed significantly greater knee adduction (5° difference, p = 0.013), hip flexion (9° difference, p = 0.034), hip adduction (7° difference, p = 0.016), and dorsiflexion (12° difference, p = 0.022) when performing the instep kick in comparison to their laterally positioned counterparts. These findings suggest that central players tend to exhibit a greater range of motion when performing an instep kicking task compared to laterally positioned players. At a competitive level, this discrepancy could potentially lead to differences in lower limb muscle development among on-field positions. Accordingly, it is suggested to implement position-specific prevention programs to address these asymmetries in lower limb kinematics, which can help mitigate dangerous kinematic patterns and consequently reduce the risk of ACL injury in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Beron-Vera
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Sergio A. Lemus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Ahmed O. Mahmoud
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Pedro Beron-Vera
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Alexander Ezzy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Bang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Bryan J. Mann
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Francesco Travascio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Max Biedermann Institute for Biomechanics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United States of America
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Donelon TA, Edwards J, Brown M, Jones PA, O'Driscoll J, Dos'Santos T. Differences in Biomechanical Determinants of ACL Injury Risk in Change of Direction Tasks Between Males and Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38561438 PMCID: PMC10984914 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change of direction (COD) movements are associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in multidirectional sports. Females appear at increased risk compared to males, which could be attributable to whole body kinematic strategies and greater multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) during COD which can increase ACL loading. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine and quantitatively synthesise the evidence for differences between males and females regarding KJLs and their biomechanical determinants (whole body kinematic strategies determining KJLs) during COD tasks. METHODS Databases including SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched (July 2021-June 2023) for studies that compared differences in knee joint loads and biomechanical determinants of KJLs during COD between males and females. Inclusion criteria were: (1) females and males with no prior history of ACL injury (18-40 years); (2) examined biomechanical determinants of KJLs and/ or KJLs during COD tasks > 20°; (3) compared ≥ 1 outcome measure between males and females. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 examining a cutting task > 20° with a preceding approach run that compared KJLs or the whole body multiplanar kinematics associated with them, between sexes, using three-dimensional motion analysis. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 17 studies with a pooled sample size of 451 participants (227 males, 224 females). Meta-analysis revealed females displayed significantly less peak knee flexion during stance (SMD: 0.374, 95% CI 0.098-0.649, p = 0.008, I2: 0%); greater knee abduction at initial contact (IC) (SMD: 0.687, 95% CI 0.299-1.076, p = 0.001, I2: 55%); less hip internal rotation (SMD: 0.437, 95% CI 0.134-0.741, p = 0.005, I2: 34%) and hip abduction at IC (SMD: -0.454, 95% CI 0.151-0.758, p = 0.003, I2: 33%). No significant differences were observed between males and females for any internal or externally applied KJLs. All retrieved studies failed to control for strength, resistance training or skill history status. CONCLUSION No differences were observed in KJLs between males and females despite females displaying greater knee abduction at IC and less peak knee flexion during the stance phase of CODs, which are visual characteristics of non-contact ACL injury. Further research is required to examine if this translates to a similar injury risk, considering morphological differences in strain characteristics of the ACL between males and females. This observation may in part explain the disproportionate ACL injury incidence in female multidirectional athletes. Further higher quality controlled research is required whereby participants are matched by skill training history, resistance training history and strength status to ensure an appropriate comparison between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Donelon
- Section of Sport Section of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1Q, UK.
| | - Jamie Edwards
- Section of Sport Section of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1Q, UK
| | - Mathew Brown
- Section of Sport Section of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1Q, UK
| | - Paul A Jones
- School of Health Sciences, C702 Allerton Building, University of Salford, Salford, M6 6PU, UK
| | - Jamie O'Driscoll
- Section of Sport Section of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1Q, UK
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences | Manchester Metropolitan University, 2.01 Institute of Sport, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
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Saccà M, Bondi D, Balducci F, Petri C, Mazza G. Intra- and Inter-Seasonal Fitness and Training Load Variations of Elite U20 Soccer Players. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:940-947. [PMID: 35612959 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2074951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inherent physical and anthropometric traits of elite soccer players, influenced by nature and nurture, account for the emergence of performances across time. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate inter- and intraseasonal differences and the influence of playing position on training and fitness metrics in talented young soccer players. Methods: A total of 74 male players from U20 teams of a single elite club were tested both at beginning, during, and at the end of three consecutive competitive seasons. Players under went anthropometric measurement and were tested for aerobic, jumping, and sprinting performances; the GPS-derived measures of metabolic power (MP) and equivalent distance index (ED) of every athlete were analyzed. Results: Difference between teams emerged in Mognoni's test, while it did not in countermovement jump and anthropometrics. ED was different across seasons. The model selection criteria revealed that the Bosco-Vittori test achieved the best fit. BMI and countermovement jump (CMJ) increased, and fat mass decreased, during season; different intraseasonal trends for CMJ. MP was slightly greater in midfielder. Conclusion: Network approaches in modeling performance metrics in sports team could unveil original interconnections between performance factors. In addition, the authors support multiparametric longitudinal assessments and a huge database of sports data for facilitating talent identification.
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Alanen AM, Gibson ES, Critchley M, Benson LC, Jordan MJ, Ferber R, Pasanen K. Differences in Situational Patterns During Change of Direction Movements Greater than 90° in Youth Male and Female Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2023; 89:149-160. [PMID: 38053945 PMCID: PMC10694721 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/169524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Change of direction (COD) maneuvers in soccer create tactical advantages, but also expose the player to an increased risk of injury. COD ability is commonly tested with pre-planned drills including cuts greater than 90°. These tests do not take into consideration positional differences players encounter during games. This case-series study used principal component analysis (PCA) to examine situational differences during COD movements between playing positions in youth soccer games. For each of the four teams included (26 females, 27 males), one game was analyzed using video-analysis. Two independent reviewers identified situational patterns and a PCA was used to examine differences between playing positions. Three principal components explained 89% of the variation in the data and were categorized as the total quantity of CODs, attacking/goal-scoring and defensive reacting types of CODs. One-way ANOVA on the individual principal component (PC) scores showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between centre midfielders, goalkeepers, and centrebacks in the quantity of CODs (PC1), and between wingers and fullbacks and centre backs in attacking/goal-scoring CODs (PC2), whereas PC3 was not different between playing positions. Differences between playing positions suggest that training and testing protocols in soccer could be enhanced to better match the individual and playing position-based needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki-Matti Alanen
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Eric S. Gibson
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Meghan Critchley
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Benson
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Tonal Strength Institute, San Francisco, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jordan
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Reed Ferber
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Running Injury Clinic, Calgary, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
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Filter A, Olivares-Jabalera J, Dos'Santos T, Madruga M, Lozano J, Molina A, Santalla A, Requena B, Loturco I. High-intensity Actions in Elite Soccer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Sports Med 2023. [PMID: 37130547 DOI: 10.1055/a-2013-1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, soccer has become more physically demanding; the number and frequency of high-intensity actions have increased, and these activities are decisive in determining the match outcome. Importantly, the reductionist approach commonly used to analyze high-intensity actions does not contemplate a more contextualized perspective on soccer performance. Traditionally, most investigations have only provided quantitative data regarding sprints (i. e. time, distances, frequency) without examining "how" (e. g. type of trajectory or starting position) and "why" (e. g. tactical role) soccer players sprint. In fact, other high-intensity actions, apart from running, are not even mentioned (i. e. curve sprints, change of direction, and specific-jump tasks). This has led to the use of tests and interventions that do not accurately reflect real game actions. Given the true technical-tactical-physical demands of each playing position, this narrative review collected a wide-spectrum of current soccer-related articles and provided a discussion regarding high-intensity actions, with a positional-based approach. In this narrative review, practitioners are encouraged to contemplate and consider the different elements that characterize high-intensity actions in soccer, in order to assess and train soccer players under a more sport-specific and integrative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Filter
- FSI Lab, Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain
- Research Group Physical Activity, Health and Sport CTS-948, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Olivares-Jabalera
- FSI Lab, Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Marc Madruga
- Physical Therapy Department, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Performance Area, Barcelona Football Club, Barcelona, Spain
- Return to Play and Sports Training Center, reQ, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Molina
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Campus Universitario, University of San Jorge Faculty of Health Sciences, Villanueva de Gallego, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- FSI Lab, Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain
- Research Group Physical Activity, Health and Sport CTS-948, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Irineu Loturco
- Sport Science, NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sport and Exercise Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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6
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Martínez-Puertas H, Fortes V, Muyor JM. When do soccer players experience the most demanding passages of match play? A longitudinal study in a professional team. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:101-111. [PMID: 34162290 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1943390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the periods in which the most demanding passages (MDP) of play occurred during professional soccer matches, considering different criterion variables and investigating the effect that the playing position had on the MDP-of-play occurrence for each criterion variable. The MDP of play were calculated based on five criterion variables: distance covered (DIS), sprinting distance (SPD), high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), and the total of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (ACCHIGH and DECHIGH). The results showed that the first period of the match (0'-15') was the interval with the highest frequency (i.e., the greatest % of cases) in which the players achieved the MDP of play for all the variables (DIS= 38.9%; SPD= 28.4%; HMLD= 37.7%; ACCHIGH= 54.3%; DECHIGH= 48.8%). The playing position had no significant effect on MDP-of-play occurrence in any variable (likelihood ratio, LR= 15.88-32.05; p > 0.05; effect size, ES= 0.01-0.04), except for the DIS covered (LR= 32.05; p= 0.04; ES= 0.05), in which the most frequent MDP for the full backs occurred within the second period of the match (15'-30'). In conclusion, the first periods of the matches usually elicited the MDP of play and these periods need to be trained to prevent injuries and optimize performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Víctor Fortes
- Unión Deportiva Almería, Sport Science Area, Almería, Spain
| | - José M Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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7
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Sebastiá-Rico J, Soriano JM, González-Gálvez N, Martínez-Sanz JM. Body Composition of Male Professional Soccer Players Using Different Measurement Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051160. [PMID: 36904159 PMCID: PMC10005265 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of male soccer players (MSP) depends on multiple factors such as body composition. The physical demands of modern soccer have changed, so the ideal body composition (BC) requirements must be adapted to the present. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the anthropometric, BC, and somatotype characteristics of professional MSP and to compare the values reported according to the methods and equations used. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science following the PRISMA statement. Random-effects meta-analysis, a pooled summary of means, and 95% CI (method or equation) were calculated. Random models were used with the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method. Seventy-four articles were included in the systematic review and seventy-three in the meta-analysis. After comparing the groups according to the assessment method (kinanthropometry, bioimpedance, and densitometry), significant differences were found in height, fat mass in kilograms, fat mass percentage, and fat-free mass in kilograms (p = 0.001; p < 0.0001). Taking into account the equation used to calculate the fat mass percentage and ∑skinfolds, significant differences were observed in the data reported according to groups (p < 0.001). Despite the limitations, this study provides useful information that could help medical technical staff to properly assess the BC of professional MSP, providing a range of guidance values for the different BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Sebastiá-Rico
- Area of Nutrition, University Clinic of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Physiotherapy (CUNAFF), Lluís Alcanyís Foundation-University of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Food and Nutrition Research Group (ALINUT), University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Joint Research Unit of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (N.G.-G.); Tel.: +34-627146613 (N.G.-G.)
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Sports Injury Prevention Research Group, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (N.G.-G.); Tel.: +34-627146613 (N.G.-G.)
| | - José Miguel Martínez-Sanz
- Food and Nutrition Research Group (ALINUT), University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
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8
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The Relationship Among Acceleration, Deceleration and Changes of Direction in Repeated Small Sided Games. J Hum Kinet 2023; 85:96-103. [PMID: 36643839 PMCID: PMC9808809 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The change of direction (COD) ability is perhaps the most significant fitness component in team sport games. One of the best ways to develop COD as well as other components of the game in soccer is the regular inclusion of small sided games (SSGs) in the training process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine changes in physiological and kinematic variables in repeated SSGs in youth soccer players. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between selected IMA variables such as acceleration, deceleration and changes of direction. Participants included sixteen U17 soccer players from a 2nd league professional team with a high aerobic capacity. The study design involved six 3-min 4 × 4 SSGs with goalkeepers and with a 3-min rest interval between games, during two training sessions played on a field of 25 x 35 m. The results showed that the intervention protocol consisting of repeated SSGs generated an intensity below the anaerobic threshold. This allowed for the maintenance of all variables (Heart Rate, Total Distance Covered, Velocity, Acceleration, Deceleration, Change of Direction) at a similar level throughout the subsequent six SSGs. The analysis revealed that in the six SSGs, players performed the most Acc and Dec, then COD Right and the least COD Left. From the third game on, a decrease in the number of COD Right was noticed. We hypothesized that progressive neuromuscular fatigue on the dominant side caused a more symmetrical trend in COD.
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Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response by Different Polyphenol Supplements in Five-a-Side Football Players. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010177. [PMID: 36615834 PMCID: PMC9824383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with playing soccer. The objective of the present report was to study the influence of different polyphenolic antioxidant-rich beverages in five-a-side/futsal players. The study was performed with a no supplemented control group (CG) and two supplemented groups with an almond-based beverage (AB) and the same beverage fortified with Lippia citriodora extract (AB + LE). At day 22, participants played a friendly futsal game. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning of intervention (day 1), before and after match (day 22) to determine oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma, neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Malondialdehyde increased significantly in controls after the match in neutrophils, PBMCs and plasma compared to pre-match. Protein carbonyls also increased after the match in plasma in CG. In addition, malondialdehyde levels in neutrophils were significantly lower in the supplemented groups compared to controls. Post-match samples showed significant increases in neutrophil antioxidant activities in CG. Supplemented groups displayed variable results regarding neutrophil antioxidant activities, with superoxide dismutase activity significantly lower than in controls. Finally, post-match myeloperoxidase activity increased significantly in controls compared to pre-match and supplemented groups. In conclusion, polyphenolic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements could be instrumental for optimal recovery after high intensity futsal games.
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Buoite Stella A, Galimi A, Martini M, Di Lenarda L, Murena L, Deodato M. Muscle Asymmetries in the Lower Limbs of Male Soccer Players: Preliminary Findings on the Association between Countermovement Jump and Tensiomyography. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:177. [PMID: 36422945 PMCID: PMC9694285 DOI: 10.3390/sports10110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strength and power asymmetries have been observed in different sports, including soccer. Such asymmetries, as well as the bilateral deficit (BLD), can be assessed during different tasks, static or dynamic, and with different methods and devices, in order to detect the possible different aspects, as well as the association with physical performance and injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between muscle asymmetries and BLD during a countermovement jump (CMJ), and tensiomyography (TMG) parameters and asymmetries, in the lower limbs of male soccer players. A total of 23 male soccer players (18 ± 4 years) were recruited. Bilateral and unilateral CMJs were performed, and peak power (W) and height (cm) were obtained. TMG was performed on different muscles of the lower limbs, and lateral and functional symmetries were obtained. Playing position and history of injuries were collected. CMJ inter-limb symmetry was found to significantly correlate with biceps femoris (r = 0.574, p = 0.004) and soleus (r = 0.437, p = 0.037) lateral symmetry. Players in central roles presented significantly worse functional symmetry scores of the knee than defense players (-17.5%, 95% CI -31.2--3.9; p = 0.10). Participants reporting a history of injury at the ankle were characterized by significantly lower functional symmetry in both the dominant (43%, 39.5-48.0 vs. 74.5%, 46.5-89.3, p = 0.019) and non-dominant (45%, 42.5-46.0 vs. 81.0%, 45.8-90.3, p = 0.024) ankle. Findings from this preliminary study suggest an association between lower-limb muscle asymmetries during a dynamic task, such as jumping, and muscle contractile properties evaluated with TMG; moreover, functional asymmetries may be present after ankle injuries. Future studies in larger samples should evaluate the presence of such asymmetries as predictors or characteristics of different muscular and joint injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Buoite Stella
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Clinical, Integrative and Translational Physiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Galimi
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lenarda
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Cattinara Hospital-ASUGI, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Murena
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Cattinara Hospital-ASUGI, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuela Deodato
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Choi JH, Joo CH. Match activity profile of professional female soccer players during a season. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:324-329. [PMID: 36420471 PMCID: PMC9650312 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244354.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to understand movement characteristics of elite female soccer players during a match to develop effective training program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical demands of Korean female professional soccer players during a competitive season. Twenty-four female professional players (age: 27.8±3.9 years; height: 165.7± 5.1 cm) from a team, belonging to the women's professional soccer league in South Korea participated in the study. The players participated in 11 home matches and 10 away matches from April 26 to November 9 of the 2011 season. Body weight and body mass index decreased during the first half-season compared to the preseason (P<0.05), and the decreased values were maintained until the second half-season. Total distance covered by the players was more than 9.5 km per match. No difference was found in the total distance, movement distance by exercise intensities, number of sprints and accelerations, and maximum speed between the first half- and second half-seasons. Midfielders covered the most distance during a match compared to other positions (P<0.05). Wing forward covered the most distance of high-intensity exercise. Maximum speed during the match was higher among wing forward and forward than in other positions (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between home and away matches in all variables (P>0.05). In conclusion, in order to improve the performance of female soccer players and prevent injuries, a training program should be constructed that considers the characteristics of each player and playing position rather than uniform training in a team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Football Science, Honam University, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Joo
- Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon,
Korea
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12
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Dos'Santos T, Cowling I, Challoner M, Barry T, Caldbeck P. What are the significant turning demands of match play of an English Premier League soccer team? J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1750-1759. [PMID: 35943194 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the significant turning demands of English Premier League soccer match play relative to playing position using LiDAR technology. Turning data were collected from an English Premier League soccer team (2020-2021 season; 18 fixtures) using a Sportlight® LiDAR tracking system. Turns were tracked during match play, sub-categorised by entry speed (<3.0, 3.0-5.5, 5.5-7.0 and >7.0 m/s) and turning angle (Low: 20-59°; Medium: 60-119°; High: 120-180°). Turning metric frequencies were compared between playing positions (centre backs, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and central forwards). On average, per match, central midfielders performed more total turns (~38 vs ~18-27), turns with entry speeds <3.0 (~15 vs ~7-10) and 3.0-5.5 m/s (~21 vs ~8-15) and low (~4 vs ~1-2), medium (~10 vs ~3-6) and high angled turns (~24 vs ~12-18) compared to all other playing positions (p ≤ 0.001, d = 0.96-2.74). Approximately, 90% of turns during matches were performed with entry speeds <5.5 m/s and ~63-70% were high angled turns. This study provides unique insights into the turning demands of English Premier League soccer matches , which can be used to inform position-specific physical preparation strategies, turning testing battery selection, agility drill construction, and rehabilitation and return to play standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dos'Santos
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Cowling
- Sports Science Department, Sportlight Technology LTD, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Challoner
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Timothy Barry
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paul Caldbeck
- Sports Science Department, Sportlight Technology LTD, Oxford, UK
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13
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Rampinini E, Martin M, Davide F, Bosio A, Azzolini M, Riggio M, Maffiuletti NA. Peripheral muscle function during repeated changes of direction in professional soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2125-2134. [PMID: 35768697 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To evaluate peripheral muscle function of the knee extensors during repeated changes of direction in professional soccer players by examining differences between competitive levels, periods of the season and playing positions, and to investigate the relationships between peripheral muscle function and physical activities during matches. METHODS Knee extensor peripheral muscle function (twitch peak torque, PT) of 593 male soccer players from 13 European professional clubs competing at 3 different levels was evaluated 4 times during the season. The main outcomes were PTmax (maximal PT, muscle contractility), MPmax (maximal metabolic power exercise intensity) and PTdec (PT decline, muscle fatigability) obtained during intermittent runs of increasing intensity with multiple changes of direction interspersed with electrically evoked contractions. Relative total and sprint distances covered during a whole match and during short intervals were quantified from a sub-sample. RESULTS PTmax and MPmax were higher for first than for second division (p < 0.047; d = 0.15-0.23) and Under-19 players (p < 0.007; d = 0.17-0.25). MPmax was lower (p < 0.016; d = 0.23-0.32) and PTdec was higher (p < 0.004; d = 0.26-0.39) in the pre-season compared to all the other time points. MPmax was higher for fullbacks than attackers and defenders (p < 0.041; d = 0.20-0.22). PTdec was higher for defenders than fullbacks, midfielders and wings (p < 0.029; d = 0.21-0.28). PTmax was associated with whole-match relative total distance (p = 0.004; d = 0.26). PTdec was associated with whole-match relative total distance and relative short-interval sprint distance (p < 0.050; d = 0.18-0.22). CONCLUSION The ability to sustain repeated change of direction efforts at high intensities while preserving peripheral muscle function should be considered an important determinant of soccer physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy.
| | - Marco Martin
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy.,Institute for Applied Human Physiology, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Ferioli Davide
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Human Performance Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, Olgiate Olona, Varese, Italy
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14
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Conte D, Fortes V, Muyor JM. Exploring the Use of Player Load in Elite Soccer Players. Sports Health 2022; 15:61-66. [PMID: 35034515 PMCID: PMC9808829 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211065768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to (1) analyze the distribution of the player load (PLTOTAL) in 3 axes of movement (PLAP, anterior-posterior; PLML, medial-lateral; PLV, vertical) during elite soccer matches, (2) investigate the effect of playing position on PL-related variables, and (3) explore the association between PLTOTAL and distance covered by the players. HYPOTHESIS Despite different load distribution between axes of movement, PLTOTAL might be used as a body load indicator for all playing positions. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Data were collected from elite soccer players using WIMU Pro tracking systems, which included inertial sensors. RESULTS The axis of movement had a significant effect on the distribution of the load (P < 0.001; conditional R2 = 0.91), with the greatest contribution from the PLV (P < 0.001; d = 5.41-5.86). Moreover, no effect of playing position on PLTOTAL, PLV, PLML, or PLAP was observed (P > 0.05). Finally, a large correlation was found between PLTOTAL and distance covered, and the linear mixed model showed that distance may be predicted by the PLTOTAL (conditional R2 = 0.81; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Differences in load distribution were based on the axis of movement, although playing position had no effect on any variable. The selection of either distance covered, which is representative of a 2-dimensional analysis, or PLTOTAL, which is representative of a 3-dimensional analysis, may be adequate for monitoring locomotor demands or accelerometer-derived load. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Training strategies that focus on the vertical component of match play should be adopted. In addition, given that PLTOTAL is an accelerometry-based metric, which combines the accelerations in anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical planes, strength and conditioning coaches may use this parameter as a measure of total body load.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Oliva-Lozano
- Health Research Centre, University of
Almería, Almería, Spain
- José M. Oliva-Lozano, MSc,
University of Almería, Edificio Central A. Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada
de San Urbano, Almería, 04120, Spain ()
(Twitter: @jmolivalozano)
| | - Daniele Conte
- Institute of Sport Science and
Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - José M. Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of
Almería, Almería, Spain
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics
and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab), Research Central Services, University of Almería,
Almería, Spain
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15
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How does curve sprint evolve across different age categories in soccer players? Biol Sport 2022; 39:53-58. [PMID: 35173363 PMCID: PMC8805361 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that soccer players regularly execute curved sprints during matches. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related effects on curve sprint (CS) performance to both sides, asymmetry, and association with linear sprint (LS). Eighty-four soccer players (aged 16.1 ± 1.6 categorized in U15, U17, and U20) were recruited, who performed CS and LS tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect size (ES) were used to compare CS performance between age categories, and relationships between physical performance measures were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The main findings of this study were that: 1) there were significant differences in the “good” side CS among age groups (p < 0.001; ES from moderate to large), but not in the “weak” side CS, 2) curve asymmetry was significantly higher in U20 than U15 (p < 0.05; ES large) and U17 players (p < 0.05; ES moderate), and 3) relationships between CS and LS times decreased with age (from significant and very large [p < 0.001] to non-significant and smallmoderate [p > 0.05]). This study highlights the importance of assessing and training CS in different age categories, an action that becomes less correlated with LS as age increases, with the aim of mitigating the increase in asymmetries as a result of the specialization process, focusing interventions mainly on improving the CS “weak” side.
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16
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Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida Castillo A, Nakamura FY, Giménez-Martínez E, Matabosch-Pijuán M, Bernal JR, Pino-Ortega J. A longitudinal analysis and data mining of the most representative external workload indicators of the whole elite Mexican soccer clubs elite Mexican soccer clubS. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1996131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación en Optimización Del Entrenamiento y Rendimiento Deportivo (Goerd), Departamento de Didáctica de la Música, Plástica y Expresión Corporal, Universidad de Extremadura. Cáceres, Extremadura, España
| | - Alejandro Bastida Castillo
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (Ismai), Maia, Portugal
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education Upe/ufpb, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose R. Bernal
- Centro de Innovación Tecnológica, Liga BBVA, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed & Sport Sci Research Group. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, España
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17
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Morgan OJ, Drust B, Ade JD, Robinson MA. Change of direction frequency off the ball: new perspectives in elite youth soccer. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:473-482. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1986635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Morgan
- Medical and Sports Science Department, Celtic Football Club, Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack D Ade
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Medical and Sports Science Department, Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark A. Robinson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Physical Activity of the Right- and Left-Footed Professional Soccer Players from Symmetrical Defensive Positions. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the physical match performance of right- and left-footed external defenders during official matches of Polish Ekstraklasa. The sample comprised 991 individual observations from 296 matches during the 2019/2020 season. Variables such as total distance, distance covered in high-speed running and sprinting, and number of high-intensity runs were analysed. Additionally, the data were presented in relation to match duration and effective playing time. Right external defenders (right ED) covered significantly longer total distance (p < 0.001, 1.5%), high-speed running distance (p < 0.001, 5.6%) and sprinting distance (p < 0.001, 11.4%) compared to left external defenders (left ED). The number of high-intensity runs was greater for right RD as well (p < 0.001, 6.4%). Physical match activity for left ED who are left-footed was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison with right-footed left ED. The number of offensive actions played on the right side of the pitch was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those performed on the left side. Players whose dominant foot is in accordance with the side of the pitch cover longer distances during the match. Moreover, the number of offensive actions played through the wings could affect the physical performance of external defenders.
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19
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Barbier X, Fortes V, Muyor JM. Key load indicators and load variability in professional soccer players: a full season study. Res Sports Med 2021; 31:201-213. [PMID: 34259100 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1954517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to 1) determine the key load indicators in professional soccer through principal component analysis (PCA); and 2) analyse the load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle considering the principal components. Data from 111 load variables were collected using tracking systems in both training and match days (MD). The results showed that 7 variables, which belonged to the first two components of the PCA, explained 80.3% of total variance. Specifically, these variables were Metabolic power, total of steps, Fourier transform (FFT) duration, deceleration distance covered (2-3 m/s2), total of running actions (12-18 km/h; 21-24 km/h), and distance covered (6-12 km/h). Regarding the analysis of the load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle, the lowest load variability was observed in -1MD. Also, a great load variability in +1MD with significant differences compared to -5MD (p<0.001; d=0.49) and -4MD (p=0.01; d=0.26) was found. This study suggests the use of the PCA in the context of team sports to reduce the large number of variables, which are daily managed by strength and conditioning coaches, in addition to the analysis of load variability of each training and match day within the microcycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Barbier
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l'exercice Pour la Performance et la Santé,Université d'Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Víctor Fortes
- Unión Deportiva Almería, Sport Science Area, Almería, Spain
| | - José M Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab). Research Central Services., University of Almería
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20
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Fortes V, Muyor JM. The first, second, and third most demanding passages of play in professional soccer: a longitudinal study. Biol Sport 2021; 38:165-174. [PMID: 34079161 PMCID: PMC8139346 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.97674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the physical demands required during the first, second, and third most demanding passages (MDP) of play considering the effect of playing position, type of passage, and passage duration. A longitudinal study for three mesocycles was conducted in a professional soccer team competing in LaLiga123. Tracking systems collected total distance covered (DIS), high-speed running distance (HSRD), sprinting distance (SPD), total of high-intensity accelerations (ACCHIGH), and total of high-intensity decelerations (DECHIGH). The results confirmed that a significant effect of the type of passage (first, second or third MDP of play) on DIS (F(1.24, 178.89) = 115.53; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.45), HSRD (F(1.35, 195.36) = 422.82; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.75), SPD (F(1.43, 206.59) = 299.99; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.68), ACCHIGH (F(1.45, 209.38) = 268.59; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.65), and DECHIGH (F(1.45, 209.38) = 324.88; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.69) was found. In addition, a significant interaction between playing position, type and duration of the passage was observed in DIS (F(12.60, 453.47) = 1.98; p = 0.02; ηp2 = 0.05) and ACCHIGH (F(13.99, 503.78) = 1.92; p = 0.03; ηp2 = 0.06). In conclusion, significant differences in physical demands between the first, second, and third MDP of play were observed. However, there were some cases (DIS and ACCHIGH) in which no significant differences were found between these passages. Therefore, coaches should consider not only the magnitude of these peak intensity periods (e.g., distance covered per minute) but also the number of passages that players may experience during match play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M Muyor
- Health Research Centre. University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab), Research Central Services. University of Almería
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21
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Kai T, Hirai S, Anbe Y, Takai Y. A new approach to quantify angles and time of changes-of-direction during soccer matches. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251292. [PMID: 33999931 PMCID: PMC8128237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soccer players frequently perform change-of-directions (CODs) at various speeds during matches. However, tracking systems have shown limitations to measure these efforts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to propose a new approach to measure CODs using a local positioning system (LPS), and clarify position-related difference in profile of CODs by using the approach. METHODS The x- and y-coordinate data for each soccer player were measured with a local positioning system. Speed, acceleration, jerk, and direction of speed were derived from the coordinate data. Based on accelerations of above 2 m/s2, the onsets and ends of CODs derived from jerk were identified (COD duration). Changes of direction of speed (θCOD) were determined for the corresponding period. Six collegiate male soccer players performed CODs according to 13 set angles (0-180°; every 15°) so that differences between θCOD and set angle could be determined (Exp. 1). Relative frequency distributions of θCOD and number of CODs were determined in 79 collegiate and amateur male soccer players during 9 soccer matches (Exp. 2). RESULTS In Exp. 1, θCOD was positively related to set angle (r = 0.99). Each θCOD was smaller than the corresponding set angle, and the difference became greater with increasing COD angle. In Exp. 2, The number of CODs in a match was 183 ± 39 across all positions. There were no significant position-related differences in the number of CODs. The duration of a COD was 0.89 ± 0.49 s across all positions. The relative frequency distribution of θCOD revealed that the number of CODs at 0-15° and 105-135° tended to be higher than those at other angles during soccer matches. Further, θCOD was affected by the speed at the onset of COD during soccer matches (Exp. 2). CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate that θCOD derived from direction of speed and jerk may be a new indicator for evaluating COD during soccer matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kai
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
- Kagoshima United FC, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuhei Anbe
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Takai
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gonçalves L, Clemente FM, Barrera JI, Sarmento H, González-Fernández FT, Rico-González M, Carral JMC. Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4595. [PMID: 33926099 PMCID: PMC8123705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the main determinants of repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in women soccer players considering aerobic capacity, sprinting performance, change-of-direction, vertical height jump, and hip adductor/abductor isometric strength. Twenty-two women soccer players from the same team participating in the first Portuguese league were observed. Fitness assessments were performed three times during a 22-week cohort period. The following assessments were made: (i) hip abductor and adductor strength, (ii) squat and countermovement jump (height), (iii) change-of-direction test, (iv) linear sprinting at 10- and 30-m, (v) RSA test, and (vi) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Positive moderate correlations were found between peak minimum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.51, p < 0.02 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively). Positive moderate correlations were also found between peak maximum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.55, p < 0.02 and r = 0.46, p < 0.01, respectively). Lastly, a moderate negative correlation was found between fatigue index in RSA and YYIR1 test performance (r = -0.62, p < 0.004). In conclusion, abductor and adductor isometric strength-based coadjutant training programs, together with a high degree of aerobic endurance, may be suitable for inducing RSA in female soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Gonçalves
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joel Ignacio Barrera
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.I.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Pontifical University of Comillas (Centro de Estudios Superiores Alberta Giménez), 07013 Palma, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain;
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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23
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Gamonales JM, León K, Rojas-Valverde D, Sánchez-Ureña B, Muñoz-Jiménez J. Data Mining to Select Relevant Variables Influencing External and Internal Workload of Elite Blind 5-a-Side Soccer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3155. [PMID: 33803780 PMCID: PMC8003270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Data mining has turned essential when exploring a large amount of information in performance analysis in sports. This study aimed to select the most relevant variables influencing the external and internal load in top-elite 5-a-side soccer (Sa5) using a data mining model considering some contextual indicators as match result, body mass index (BMI), scoring rate and age. (2) Methods: A total of 50 top-elite visually impaired soccer players (age 30.86 ± 11.2 years, weight 77.64 ± 9.78 kg, height 178.48 ± 7.9 cm) were monitored using magnetic, angular and rate gyroscope (MARG) sensors during an international Sa5 congested fixture tournament.; (3) Results: Fifteen external and internal load variables were extracted from a total of 49 time-related and peak variables derived from the MARG sensors using a principal component analysis as the most used data mining technique. The principal component analysis (PCA) model explained 80% of total variance using seven principal components. In contrast, the first principal component of the match was defined by jumps, take off by 24.8% of the total variance. Blind players usually performed a higher number of accelerations per min when losing a match. Scoring players execute higher DistanceExplosive and Distance21-24 km/h. And the younger players presented higher HRAVG and AccMax. (4) Conclusions: The influence of some contextual variables on external and internal load during top elite Sa5 official matches should be addressed by coaches, athletes, and medical staff. The PCA seems to be a useful statistical technique to select those relevant variables representing the team's external and internal load. Besides, as a data reduction method, PCA allows administrating individualized training loads considering those relevant variables defining team load behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Gamonales
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Kiko León
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa en Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez
- Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Maraver EF, Fortes V, Muyor JM. Kinematic Analysis of the Postural Demands in Professional Soccer Match Play Using Inertial Measurement Units. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5971. [PMID: 33105576 PMCID: PMC7659945 DOI: 10.3390/s20215971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of wearable sensors has allowed the analysis of trunk kinematics in match play, which is necessary for a better understanding of the postural demands of the players. The aims of this study were to analyze the postural demands of professional soccer players by playing position. A longitudinal study for 13 consecutive microcycles, which included one match per microcycle, was conducted. Wearable sensors with inertial measurement units were used to collect the percentage (%) of playing time spent and G-forces experienced in different trunk inclinations and the inclination required for different speeds thresholds. The inclination zone had a significant effect on the time percentage spent on each zone (p < 0.001, partial eta-squared (ηp2 = 0.85) and the G-forces experienced by the players (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.24). Additionally, a significant effect of the speed variable on the trunk inclination zones was found, since trunk flexion increased with greater speeds (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.73), except for midfielders. The players spent most of the time in trunk flexion between 20° and 40°; the greatest G-forces were observed in trunk extension zones between 0° and 30°, and a linear relationship between trunk inclination and speed was found. This study presents a new approach for the analysis of players' performance. Given the large volumes of trunk flexion and the interaction of playing position, coaches are recommended to incorporate position-specific training drills aimed to properly prepare the players for the perception-action demands (i.e., visual exploration and decision-making) of the match, as well as trunk strength exercises and other compensatory strategies before and after the match.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa F. Maraver
- Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - José M. Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Oliva-Lozano JM, Maraver EF, Fortes V, Muyor JM. Effect of Playing Position, Match Half, and Match Day on the Trunk Inclination, G-Forces, and Locomotor Efficiency Experienced by Elite Soccer Players in Match Play. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5814. [PMID: 33066676 PMCID: PMC7602370 DOI: 10.3390/s20205814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of wearable sensors has allowed the analysis of trunk kinematics during the match, which is necessary for having a better understanding of the postural demands of soccer players. However, some contextual variables may have an impact on the physical demands of the players. This study aimed to analyze the effect of three contextual variables (playing position, match half, and match day) on the sagittal trunk inclination, G-forces, and locomotor efficiency experienced by soccer players in match play. Then, wearable sensors were used to collect the trunk kinematics during 13 matches. Firstly, positional differences were found on the trunk inclination (p = 0.01) and the G-forces experienced by the players (p < 0.001). For example, the greatest and lowest trunk inclination was found for FW (~34.01°) and FB (~28.85°) while the greatest and lowest G-forces were found for WMF (1.16 G) and CD (1.12 G), respectively. However, there were no positional differences in the locomotor efficiency (p = 0.10). Secondly, the match half had a significant effect on the trunk inclination (p = 0.01) and the G-forces experienced by the players (p < 0.001) with significantly lower values observed during the second half. No differences between halves were found on the locomotor efficiency for any playing position (p = 0.41). Finally, no significant effect of match day on any variable was observed. This investigation is one of the first steps towards enhancing the understanding of trunk kinematics from elite soccer players. The positional differences found on the trunk inclination and G-forces imply that the development of position-specific training drills considering the postural demands is necessary to prepare the players not only for the physical demands but also for successful performance in the field of regard. The resistance to fatigue needs to be trained given the differences between halves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa F. Maraver
- Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - José M. Muyor
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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