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Hamilton F, Mitchell R, Ghazal P, Timpson N. Phenotypic Associations With the HMOX1 GT(n) Repeat in European Populations. Am J Epidemiol 2024; 193:718-726. [PMID: 37414746 PMCID: PMC11074708 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 is a key enzyme in the management of heme in humans. A GT(n) repeat length in the heme oxygenase 1 gene (HMOX1) has been widely associated with a variety of phenotypes, including susceptibility to and outcomes in diabetes, cancer, infections, and neonatal jaundice. However, studies have generally been small and results inconsistent. In this study, we imputed the GT(n) repeat length in participants from 2 UK cohort studies (the UK Biobank study (n = 463,005; recruited in 2006-2010) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 937; recruited in 1990-1991)), with the reliability of imputation tested in other cohorts (1000 Genomes Project, Human Genome Diversity Project, and Personal Genome Project UK). Subsequently, we measured the relationship between repeat length and previously identified associations (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and infection-related mortality in the UK Biobank; neonatal jaundice in ALSPAC) and performed a phenomewide association study in the UK Biobank. Despite high-quality imputation (correlation between true repeat length and imputed repeat length > 0.9 in test cohorts), clinical associations were not identified in either the phenomewide association study or specific association studies. These findings were robust to definitions of repeat length and sensitivity analyses. Despite multiple smaller studies identifying associations across a variety of clinical settings, we could not replicate or identify any relevant phenotypic associations with the HMOX1 GT(n) repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Hamilton
- Correspondence to Dr. Fergus Hamilton, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom (e-mail: )
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2
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Ramos S, Jeney V, Figueiredo A, Paixão T, Sambo MR, Quinhentos V, Martins R, Gouveia Z, Carlos AR, Ferreira A, Pais TF, Lainé H, Faísca P, Rebelo S, Cardoso S, Tolosano E, Penha-Gonçalves C, Soares MP. Targeting circulating labile heme as a defense strategy against malaria. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302276. [PMID: 38307624 PMCID: PMC10837040 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe presentations of malaria emerge as Plasmodium (P.) spp. parasites invade and lyse red blood cells (RBC), producing extracellular hemoglobin (HB), from which labile heme is released. Here, we tested whether scavenging of extracellular HB and/or labile heme, by haptoglobin (HP) and/or hemopexin (HPX), respectively, counter the pathogenesis of severe presentations of malaria. We found that circulating labile heme is an independent risk factor for cerebral and non-cerebral presentations of severe P. falciparum malaria in children. Labile heme was negatively correlated with circulating HP and HPX, which were, however, not risk factors for severe P. falciparum malaria. Genetic Hp and/or Hpx deletion in mice led to labile heme accumulation in plasma and kidneys, upon Plasmodium infection This was associated with higher incidence of mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in ageing but not adult Plasmodium-infected mice, and was corroborated by an inverse correlation between heme and HPX with serological markers of AKI in P. falciparum malaria. In conclusion, HP and HPX act in an age-dependent manner to prevent the pathogenesis of severe presentation of malaria in mice and presumably in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ramos
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Viktoria Jeney
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiredo
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Paixão
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Sambo
- Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Vatúsia Quinhentos
- Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Rui Martins
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Zélia Gouveia
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Teresa F Pais
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hugo Lainé
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rebelo
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Silvia Cardoso
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Miguel P Soares
- https://ror.org/04b08hq31 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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3
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Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:527-542. [PMID: 36066649 PMCID: PMC9446783 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have recently gained recognition for their potential in the fight against cancer. Neutrophil plasticity between the N1 anti-tumor and N2 pro-tumor subtypes is now apparent, as is the ability to polarize these individual subtypes by interventions such as intratumoral injection of various agents including bacterial products or pro-oxidants. Metabolic responses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide act as potent chemoattractants and activators of N1 neutrophils that facilitates their recruitment and ensuing activation of a toxic respiratory burst in tumors. Greater understanding of the precise mechanism of N1 neutrophil activation, recruitment and regulation is now needed to fully exploit their anti-tumor potential against cancers both locally and at distant sites. This systematic review critically analyzes these new developments in cancer immunotherapy.
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Hamilton F, Mitchell R, Cunnington A, Ghazal P, Timpson NJ. HMOX1 STR polymorphism and malaria: an analysis of a large clinical dataset. Malar J 2022; 21:342. [PMID: 36397106 PMCID: PMC9670449 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible expression of heme oxygenase-1 (encoded by the gene HMOX1) may determine protection from heme released during malaria infections. A variable length, short tandem GT(n) repeat (STR) in HMOX1 that may influence gene expression has been associated with outcomes of human malaria in some studies. In this study, an analysis of the association between variation at the STR in HMOX1 on severe malaria and severe malaria subtypes is presented in a large, prospectively collected dataset (MalariaGEN). METHODS The HMOX1 STR was imputed using a recently developed reference haplotype panel designed for STRs. The STR was classified by total length and split into three alleles based on an observed trimodal distribution of repeat lengths. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between this repeat on cases of severe malaria and severe malaria subtypes (cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia). Individual analyses were performed for each MalariaGEN collection site and combined for meta-analysis. One site (Kenya), had detailed clinical metadata, allowing the assessment of the effect of the STR on clinical variables (e.g. parasite count, platelet count) and regression analyses were performed to investigate whether the STR interacted with any clinical variables. RESULTS Data from 17,960 participants across 11 collection sites were analysed. In logistic regression, there was no strong evidence of association between STR length and severe malaria (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.96, 95% confidence intervals 0.91-1.02 per ten GT(n) repeats), although there did appear to be an association at some sites (e.g., Kenya, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99). There was no evidence of an interaction with any clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis suggested that increasing HMOX1 STR length is unlikely to be reliably associated with severe malaria. It cannot be ruled out that repeat length may alter risk in specific populations, although whether this is due to chance variation, or true variation due to underlying biology (e.g., gene vs environment interaction) remains unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Infection Sciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England, UK.
| | - Ruth Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Aubrey Cunnington
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- System Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Blatt DB, Hanisch B, Co K, Datta D, Bond C, Opoka RO, Cusick SE, Michelow IC, John CC. Impact of Oxidative Stress on Risk of Death and Readmission in African Children With Severe Malaria: A Prospective Observational Study. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:714-722. [PMID: 35678643 PMCID: PMC9890907 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that oxidative stress in Ugandan children with severe malaria is associated with mortality. METHODS We evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress in children with cerebral malaria (CM, n = 77) or severe malarial anemia (SMA, n = 79), who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of immediate vs delayed iron therapy, compared with community children (CC, n = 83). Associations between admission biomarkers and risk of death during hospitalization or risk of readmission within 6 months were analyzed. RESULTS Nine children with CM and none with SMA died during hospitalization. Children with CM or SMA had higher levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P < .001) and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than CC (P < .02). Children with CM had a higher risk of death with increasing HO-1 concentration (odds ratio [OR], 6.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.17-31.31]; P = .03) but a lower risk of death with increasing SOD activity (OR, 0.02 [95% CI, .001-.70]; P = .03). There were no associations between oxidative stress biomarkers on admission and risk of readmission within 6 months of enrollment. CONCLUSIONS Children with CM or SMA develop oxidative stress in response to severe malaria. Oxidative stress is associated with higher mortality in children with CM but not with SMA. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01093989.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Caitlin Bond
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah E Cusick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Correspondence: Ian C. Michelow, MD, DTM&H, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, 85 Seymour St, Hartford, CT 06106, USA ()
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Hamilton FW, Somers J, Mitchell RE, Ghazal P, Timpson NJ. HMOX1 genetic polymorphisms and outcomes in infectious disease: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267399. [PMID: 35551540 PMCID: PMC9098073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Heme-oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is a critical stress response gene that catalyzes the multistep oxidation of heme. A GT(n) repeat of variable length in the promoter in has been associated with a wide range of human diseases, including infections. This paper aims to summarise and systematically review associations between the length of the HMOX1 GT(n) promoter and infectious disease in humans.
Methods
A search using relevant terms was performed in PubMED and EMBASE through to 15/01/21 identifying all research that studied an association between the HMOX1 GT(n) repeat polymorphism and the incidence and/or outcome of any human infectious disease. Citations were screened for additional studies. Potential studies were screened for inclusion by two authors. Data was extracted on allele frequency, genotype, strength of association, mechanism of genotyping, and potential biases. A narrative review was performed across each type of infection.
Results
1,533 studies were identified in the search, and one via citation screening. Sixteen studies were ultimately included, seven in malaria, three in HIV, three in sepsis, and one each in pneumonia, hepatitis C, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sample sizes for nearly all studies were small (biggest study, n = 1,646). Allelic definition was different across all included studies. All studies were at some risk of bias. In malaria, three studies suggested that longer alleles were associated with reduced risk of severe malaria, particularly malaria-induced renal dysfunction, with four studies identifying a null association. In sepsis, two studies suggested an association with longer alleles and better outcomes.
Conclusions
Despite the importance of HMOX1 in survival from infection, and the association between repeat length and gene expression, the clinical data supporting an association between repeat length and incidence and/or outcome of infection remain inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus W. Hamilton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Infection Sciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Somers
- Knight Cancer Research Building, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ghazal
- System Immunity Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Liu W, Lu L, Pan H, He X, Zhang M, Wang N, Zhu J, Yi H, Tang S. Haem oxygenase-1 and haemopexin gene polymorphisms and the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in China. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:431-441. [PMID: 35470713 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) might be influenced by haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and haemopexin (HPX) gene polymorphisms. Methods: A dynamic anti-tuberculosis treatment cohort was constructed, and the 1:4 matched nested case-control study was analysed. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the two genes were selected for genotyping and Bonferroni correction was performed to correct for multiple comparison. Results: Overall, 7.8% of patients developed ATDH. SNP rs1807714 in the HMOX1 gene had decreased effects on the risk of moderate and severe hepatotoxicity under the dominant and additive models, and hepatocellular injury under the additive model. SNP rs2682099 in the HPX gene had increased effects on the risk of moderate and severe hepatotoxicity under the recessive model. However, these associations disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: HMOX1 and HPX gene polymorphisms might not be associated with susceptibility to ATDH in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lihuan Lu
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Hongqiu Pan
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Taixing, Taixing, 225400, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
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Heme oxygenase-1, carbon monoxide, and malaria – The interplay of chemistry and biology. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lozar Krivec J, Lozar Manfreda K, Paro-Panjan D. Clinical Factors Influencing Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Production and Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in Neonates. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e84-e90. [PMID: 33735151 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is an index of endogenous carbon monoxide formation during the hem degradation process and could be used to confirm hemolysis in neonates. The influence of other clinical factors on COHb values in neonates has not been fully investigated. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemolysis, sepsis, respiratory distress, and postnatal age on COHb values. We retrospectively analyzed COHb measurements determined with a carbon monoxide-oximeter in 4 groups of term neonates: A-sepsis, B-respiratory distress, C-hemolysis, and D-healthy neonates. The mean COHb values were 1.41% (SD: 0.26), 1.32% (SD: 0.27), 2.5% (SD: 0.69), and 1.27% (SD: 0.19) (P<0.001) in groups A (n=8), B (n=37), C (n=16), and D (n=76), respectively. COHb in group C was significantly higher than in the other groups. There was a negative correlation between postnatal age and COHb in healthy neonates. A cut-off level of 1.7% had 93% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89%-97%) sensitivity and 94% (95% CI: 90%-98%) specificity for diagnosis of hemolysis. COHb values were higher during the first days of life. We found that COHb levels in neonates with hemolysis were significantly higher and that the influence of sepsis and respiratory distress on COHb values was insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lozar Krivec
- Department of Neonatology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Darja Paro-Panjan
- Department of Neonatology, Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine
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Mulberry Leaf and Radix Astragali Regulates Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice Liver. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic non-infectious disease, severely affecting human quality and health of life, diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have gradually developed into a major global public health problem. Mulberry Leaf and Radix Astragali have been used as a traditional medicinal formulation in diabetic patients for a long time, whose combination is usually found in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. However, due to the unclear synergistic mechanism of them for DM, the changes of differential genes and proteins in the liver tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were analyzed, and then the potential synergistic mechanism of them in anti-diabetes was investigated in our research. Compared with the diabetic model group, there were 699 differentially expressed genes and 169 differentially expressed proteins in the Mulberry Leaf and Radix Astragali treated group, and there were 35 common specific genes both in the transcriptome and the proteome. These common genes participated mainly in the pathways, such as retinol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Quantitative real-time PCR() and Western blot results speculated that the synergistic effect on anti-diabetes was mainly through regulating the expression of Tap1, Ncoa4, and Alas2, by down-regulating Fabp2 and Hmox1 and up-regulating Hmgcr, Cyp7a1. All these genes would affect bile acid secretion, alleviate the occurrence of iron death, promote the metabolism and synthesis of glycolipid substances, and ultimately maintain the body’s glucose homeostasis.
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Meyer N, Langwisch S, Scharm M, Zenclussen AC. Using ultrasound to define the time point of intrauterine growth retardation in a mouse model of heme oxygenase-1 deficiency†. Biol Reprod 2021; 103:126-134. [PMID: 32342097 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), encoded by the HMOX1 gene, mediates heme catabolism by cleaving free heme. We have previously revealed the importance of HO-1 in pregnancy. Here, we determined the impact of maternal or paternal HO-1 deficiency on fetal growth and placental parameters throughout gestation. We mated Hmox1-sufficient (WT), partial (HET)-, or total (KO)-deficient BALB/c female mice with Hmox1-WT or -KO BALB/c males and performed ultrasound analysis to monitor placental and fetal growth. Doppler measurements were used to determine maternal blood flow parameters. Offspring weights and feto-placental indices (FPI) were also determined. We found a significantly increased number of underdeveloped fetuses at gd10 in HET females that were mated with WT males compared with WT × WT pairings. At the same gestational age, underdeveloped placentas could be detected in HET females mated with KO males. Many fetuses from the KO × KO combination died in utero between gd12 and gd14. At gd14, abnormal placental parameters were found in surviving fetuses, which had significant reduced weights. Moreover, only 3.11% female and 5.33% male KO pups resulted from 10 HET × HET breeding pairs over 1 year. Our results show that HO-1 from both maternal and paternal origins is important for proper placental and fetal growth. Placental growth restriction and occurrence of abortions in mice that were partially or totally deficient in HO-1 were recorded in vivo from gd10 onwards. Future studies will focus on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Langwisch
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Scharm
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Ozen M, Zhao H, Kalish F, Yang Y, Jantzie LL, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Inflammation-induced alterations in maternal-fetal Heme Oxygenase (HO) are associated with sustained innate immune cell dysregulation in mouse offspring. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252642. [PMID: 34086785 PMCID: PMC8177474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an evolutionarily conserved stress response enzyme and important in pregnancy maintenance, fetal and neonatal outcomes, and a variety of pathologic conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of an exposure to systemic inflammation late in gestation [embryonic day (E)15.5] on wild-type (Wt) and HO-1 heterozygous (Het, HO-1+/-) mothers, fetuses, and offspring. We show that alterations in fetal liver and spleen HO homeostasis during inflammation late in gestation can lead to a sustained dysregulation of innate immune cell populations and intracellular myeloid HO-1 expression in the spleen through young adolescence [postnatal day 25] in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Flora Kalish
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David K. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Bekeschus S, Clemen R, Haralambiev L, Niessner F, Grabarczyk P, Weltmann KD, Menz J, Stope M, von Woedtke T, Gandhirajan R, Schmidt A. The Plasma-Induced Leukemia Cell Death is Dictated by the ROS Chemistry and the HO-1/CXCL8 Axis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter Polymorphisms in Perinatal Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073520. [PMID: 33805292 PMCID: PMC8037596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway, which degrades heme into equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. Its inducible isoform, HO-1, has multiple protective functions, including immune modulation and pregnancy maintenance, showing dynamic alteration during perinatal periods. As its contribution to the development of perinatal complications is speculated, two functional polymorphisms of the HMOX1 gene, (GT)n repeat polymorphism (rs3074372) and A(-413)T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2071746), were studied for their association with perinatal diseases. We systematically reviewed published evidence on HMOX1 polymorphisms in perinatal diseases and clarified their possible significant contribution to neonatal jaundice development, presumably due to their direct effect of inducing HO enzymatic activity in the bilirubin-producing pathway. However, the role of these polymorphisms seems limited for other perinatal complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We speculate that this is because the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effect is not directly mediated by HO but by its byproducts, resulting in a milder effect. For better understanding, subtyping each morbidity by the level of exposure to causative environmental factors, simultaneous analysis of both polymorphisms, and the unified definition of short and long alleles in (GT)n repeats based on transcriptional capacity should be further investigated.
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15
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Spilleboudt C, De Wilde V, Lewalle P, Cabanne L, Leclerc M, Beckerich F, Bories D, Cardoso S, Soares MP, Vokaer B, Hougardy JM, Flamand V, Racapé J, Abramowicz M, Maury S, Le Moine A. Donor-Derived Myeloid Heme Oxygenase-1 Controls the Development of Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:579151. [PMID: 33537027 PMCID: PMC7849683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major clinical drawback of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here, we investigated how the stress responsive heme catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by HMOX1) regulates GVHD in response to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice and humans. We found that deletion of the Hmox1 allele, specifically in the myeloid compartment of mouse donor bone marrow, promotes the development of aggressive GVHD after allogeneic transplantation. The mechanism driving GVHD in mice transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow lacking HO-1 expression in the myeloid compartment involves enhanced T cell alloreactivity. The clinical relevance of these observations was validated in two independent cohorts of HSCT patients. Individuals transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells from donors carrying a long homozygous (GT)n repeat polymorphism (L/L) in the HMOX1 promoter, which is associated with lower HO-1 expression, were at higher risk of developing severe acute GVHD as compared to donors carrying a short (GT)n repeat (S/L or S/S) polymorphism associated with higher HO-1 expression. In this study, we showed the unique importance of donor-derived myeloid HO-1 in the prevention of lethal experimental GVHD and we corroborated this observation by demonstrating the association between human HMOX1 (GT)n microsatellite polymorphisms and the incidence of severe acute GVHD in two independent HSCT patient cohorts. Donor-derived myeloid HO-1 constitutes a potential therapeutic target for HSCT patients and large-scale prospective studies in HSCT patients are necessary to validate the HO-1 L/L genotype as an independent risk factor for developing severe acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Spilleboudt
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Virginie De Wilde
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- Erasme Hospital, Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Jules Bordet Institute, Hematology Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Cabanne
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Hematology, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Hematology, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Florence Beckerich
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Hematology, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Bories
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Hematology, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | | | | | - Benoît Vokaer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Hougardy
- Erasme Hospital, Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Judith Racapé
- Erasme Hospital, Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche clinique, École de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Maury
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Department of Hematology, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- Erasme Hospital, Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Fernández-Fierro A, Funes SC, Rios M, Covián C, González J, Kalergis AM. Immune Modulation by Inhibitors of the HO System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010294. [PMID: 33396647 PMCID: PMC7794909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system involves three isoforms of this enzyme, HO-1, HO-2, and HO-3. The three of them display the same catalytic activity, oxidating the heme group to produce biliverdin, ferrous iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). HO-1 is the isoform most widely studied in proinflammatory diseases because treatments that overexpress this enzyme promote the generation of anti-inflammatory products. However, neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) derived from HO overexpression led to the development of inhibitors, such as those based on metaloproto- and meso-porphyrins inhibitors with competitive activity. Further, non-competitive inhibitors have also been identified, such as synthetic and natural imidazole-dioxolane-based, small synthetic molecules, inhibitors of the enzyme regulation pathway, and genetic engineering using iRNA or CRISPR cas9. Despite most of the applications of the HO inhibitors being related to metabolic diseases, the beneficial effects of these molecules in immune-mediated diseases have also emerged. Different medical implications, including cancer, Alzheimer´s disease, and infections, are discussed in this article and as to how the selective inhibition of HO isoforms may contribute to the treatment of these ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; (A.F.-F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Samanta C. Funes
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas—Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina;
| | - Mariana Rios
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; (A.F.-F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Camila Covián
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; (A.F.-F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jorge González
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; (A.F.-F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; (A.F.-F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (J.G.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-22-686-2842
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Costa DL, Amaral EP, Andrade BB, Sher A. Modulation of Inflammation and Immune Responses by Heme Oxygenase-1: Implications for Infection with Intracellular Pathogens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121205. [PMID: 33266044 PMCID: PMC7761188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme molecules releasing equimolar amounts of biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. Its expression is induced in response to stress signals such as reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive consequences for the host. Interestingly, several intracellular pathogens responsible for major human diseases have been shown to be powerful inducers of HO-1 expression in both host cells and in vivo. Studies have shown that this HO-1 response can be either host detrimental by impairing pathogen control or host beneficial by limiting infection induced inflammation and tissue pathology. These properties make HO-1 an attractive target for host-directed therapy (HDT) of the diseases in question, many of which have been difficult to control using conventional antibiotic approaches. Here we review the mechanisms by which HO-1 expression is induced and how the enzyme regulates inflammatory and immune responses during infection with a number of different intracellular bacterial and protozoan pathogens highlighting mechanistic commonalities and differences with the goal of identifying targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L. Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3061
| | - Eduardo P. Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.P.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador 41741-590, Bahia, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate International Universities, Salvador 41770-235, Bahia, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Bahia, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.P.A.); (A.S.)
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18
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Dattilo M. The role of host defences in Covid 19 and treatments thereof. Mol Med 2020; 26:90. [PMID: 32993497 PMCID: PMC7522454 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a natural defence against the infections from enveloped RNA viruses and is likely involved also in Covid 19. It was already shown to inhibit growth and pathogenic mechanisms of a variety of enveloped RNA viruses and it was now found that circulating H2S is higher in Covid 19 survivors compared to fatal cases. H2S release is triggered by carbon monoxide (CO) from the catabolism of heme by inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) and heme proteins possess catalytic activity necessary for the H2S signalling by protein persulfidation. Subjects with a long promoter for the HMOX1 gene, coding for HO-1, are predicted for lower efficiency of this mechanism. SARS-cov-2 exerts ability to attack the heme of hemoglobin and other heme-proteins thus hampering both release and signalling of H2S. Lack of H2S-induced persulfidation of the KATP channels of leucocytes causes adhesion and release of the inflammatory cytokines, lung infiltration and systemic endothelial damage with hyper-coagulability. These events largely explain the sex and age distribution, clinical manifestations and co-morbidities of Covid-19. The understanding of this mechanism may be of guidance in re-evaluating the ongoing therapeutic strategies, with special attention to the interaction with mechanical ventilation, paracetamol and chloroquine use, and in the individuation of genetic traits causing increased susceptibility to the disruption of these physiologic processes and to a critical Covid 19. Finally, an array of therapeutic interventions with the potential to clinically modulate the HO-1/CO/H2S axis is already available or under development. These include CO donors and H2S donors and a boost to the endogenous production of H2S is also possible.
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19
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Hansen TWR, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology of Bilirubin Handling by the Blood, Liver, Intestine, and Brain in the Newborn. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1291-1346. [PMID: 32401177 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism formed during a process that involves oxidation-reduction reactions and conserves iron body stores. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is common in newborn infants, but rare later in life. The basic physiology of bilirubin metabolism, such as production, transport, and excretion, has been well described. However, in the neonate, numerous variables related to nutrition, ethnicity, and genetic variants at several metabolic steps may be superimposed on the normal physiological hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in the first week of life and results in bilirubin levels that may be toxic to the brain. Bilirubin exists in several isomeric forms that differ in their polarities and is considered a physiologically important antioxidant. Here we review the chemistry of the bilirubin molecule and its metabolism in the body with a particular focus on the processes that impact the newborn infant, and how differences relative to older children and adults contribute to the risk of developing both acute and long-term neurological sequelae in the newborn infant. The final section deals with the interplay between the brain and bilirubin and its entry, clearance, and accumulation. We conclude with a discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) of bilirubin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor W R Hansen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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20
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Silva RCMC, Travassos LH, Paiva CN, Bozza MT. Heme oxygenase-1 in protozoan infections: A tale of resistance and disease tolerance. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008599. [PMID: 32692767 PMCID: PMC7373268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO-1) mediates the enzymatic cleavage of heme, a molecule with proinflammatory and prooxidant properties. HO-1 activity deeply impacts host capacity to tolerate infection through reduction of tissue damage or affecting resistance, the ability of the host to control pathogen loads. In this Review, we will discuss the contribution of HO-1 in different and complex protozoan infections, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and toxoplasmosis. The complexity of these infections and the pleiotropic effects of HO-1 constitute an interesting area of study and an opportunity for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. M. C. Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leonardo H. Travassos
- Laboratório de Imunoreceptores e Sinalização, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia N. Paiva
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcelo T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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21
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Wu J, Wu S, Liu Q, Wang Y, Ji G, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Association of heme oxygenase-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23276. [PMID: 32141648 PMCID: PMC7370707 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is associated with oxidative stress and the induction of host antioxidants to counteract this response. The heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) single nucleotide polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with many critical diseases. Our purpose was to investigate the association of HO‐1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. Methods A case‐control study was performed on Chinese Han population, and a group of 638 TB patients was compared to 610 healthy controls. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs2071746, rs5995098, and rs8140669 were genotyped using the MassARRAY platform. The genotype frequency was compared between TB patients and healthy controls. The association between the three genetic models of the three SNPs and TB risk was further investigated. Results The results showed that, in the case of additive model, there was significant difference of the genotype frequencies of SNP rs8140669 between the TB patients and control groups (P = .038). In the case of dominant model, the genotype frequencies of SNP rs8140669 may have difference between the two cohorts (P = .051), while the allele frequency and genotype distribution for other two SNPs showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). Conclusion HO‐1 polymorphism was associated with TB susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiyi Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- Institute for Heart + Lung Health, The UBC James Hogg Research Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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22
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Nallandhighal S, Park GS, Ho YY, Opoka RO, John CC, Tran TM. Whole-Blood Transcriptional Signatures Composed of Erythropoietic and NRF2-Regulated Genes Differ Between Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:154-164. [PMID: 30060095 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the severe malaria syndromes, severe malarial anemia (SMA) is the most common, whereas cerebral malaria (CM) is the most lethal. However, the mechanisms that lead to CM and SMA are unclear. Methods We compared transcriptomic profiles of whole blood obtained from Ugandan children with acute CM (n = 17) or SMA (n = 17) and community children without Plasmodium falciparum infection (n = 12) and determined the relationships among gene expression, hematological indices, and relevant plasma biomarkers. Results Both CM and SMA demonstrated predominantly upregulated enrichment of dendritic cell activation, inflammatory/Toll-like receptor/chemokines, and monocyte modules, but downregulated enrichment of lymphocyte modules. Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes were overexpressed in children with SMA relative to CM, with the highest expression in children with both SMA and sickle cell disease (HbSS), corresponding with elevated plasma heme oxygenase-1 in this group. Erythroid and reticulocyte-specific signatures were markedly decreased in CM relative to SMA despite higher hemoglobin levels and appropriate increases in erythropoietin. Viral sensing/interferon-regulatory factor 2 module expression and plasma interferon-inducible protein-10/CXCL10 negatively correlated with reticulocyte-specific signatures. Conclusions Compared with SMA, CM is associated with downregulation of Nrf2-related and erythropoiesis signatures by whole-blood transcriptomics. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess pathways that may be amenable to interventions to ameliorate CM and SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nallandhighal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Gregory S Park
- Division of Global Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.,Division of Global Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.,Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.,Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Moxon CA, Gibbins MP, McGuinness D, Milner DA, Marti M. New Insights into Malaria Pathogenesis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 15:315-343. [PMID: 31648610 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions across the world. Even though less than 1% of malaria infections are fatal, this leads to about 430,000 deaths per year, predominantly in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, it is imperative to understand why a subset of infected individuals develop severe syndromes and some of them die and what differentiates these cases from the majority that recovers. Here, we discuss progress made during the past decade in our understanding of malaria pathogenesis, focusing on the major human parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Moxon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Matthew P Gibbins
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois 60603, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; , .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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24
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Penha-Gonçalves C. Genetics of Malaria Inflammatory Responses: A Pathogenesis Perspective. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1771. [PMID: 31417551 PMCID: PMC6682681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in combating malaria in recent years the burden of severe disease and death due to Plasmodium infections remains a global public health concern. Only a fraction of infected people develops severe clinical syndromes motivating a longstanding search for genetic determinants of malaria severity. Strong genetic effects have been repeatedly ascribed to mutations and allelic variants of proteins expressed in red blood cells but the role of inflammatory response genes in disease pathogenesis has been difficult to discern. We revisited genetic evidence provided by inflammatory response genes that have been repeatedly associated to malaria, namely TNF, NOS2, IFNAR1, HMOX1, TLRs, CD36, and CD40LG. This highlighted specific genetic variants having opposing roles in the development of distinct malaria clinical outcomes and unveiled diverse levels of genetic heterogeneity that shaped the complex association landscape of inflammatory response genes with malaria. However, scrutinizing genetic effects of individual variants corroborates a pathogenesis model where pro-inflammatory genetic variants acting in early infection stages contribute to resolve infection but at later stages confer increased vulnerability to severe organ dysfunction driven by tissue inflammation. Human genetics studies are an invaluable tool to find genes and molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory response to malaria but their precise roles in disease pathogenesis are still unexploited. Genome editing in malaria experimental models and novel genotyping-by-sequencing techniques are promising approaches to delineate the relevance of inflammatory response gene variants in the natural history of infection thereby will offer new rational angles on adjuvant therapeutics for prevention and clinical management of severe malaria.
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25
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Ready A, Newburger PE. Benign ethnic neutropenia. Blood Rev 2019; 37:100586. [PMID: 31255364 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN) is one of the most common causes of chronic neutropenia seen in individuals of African, Middle Eastern and West Indian descent, affecting many individuals worldwide. Despite its prevalence, many physicians are not familiar with this benign condition, resulting in unnecessary evaluation and testing for neutropenia in otherwise healthy individuals. Clinically, patients with BEN are at no increased risk of infection despite their neutropenia. Implications of this condition are highlighted in those patients receiving therapies that have a known side effect of neutropenia, most commonly chemotherapy agents. Studies have suggested that disparities in survival among those patients receiving chemotherapy between patients of European decent and African decent may be attributed to measured neutropenia in these populations, questioning whether BEN could be an influential factor. This review encompasses all aspects of benign ethnic neutropenia, providing information about this condition and helping to guide clinical decision-making as to when an aggressive work up and referral are indicated and when it is appropriate to monitor. Additionally, we review the role of genetic studies in identifying the genes related to BEN, summarize the theories that offer the most accepted mechanisms behind the condition, and address the importance of pursuing larger studies to assess the implication of BEN in oncology patients as well as patients taking neutropenia-causing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01103, USA.
| | - Audrey Ready
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01103, USA
| | - Peter E Newburger
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Modelling pathogen load dynamics to elucidate mechanistic determinants of host-Plasmodium falciparum interactions. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1592-1602. [PMID: 31209307 PMCID: PMC6708439 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During infection, increasing pathogen load stimulates both protective and
harmful aspects of the host response. The dynamics of this interaction are hard
to quantify in humans, but doing so could improve understanding of mechanisms of
disease and protection. We sought to model the contributions of parasite
multiplication rate and host response to observed parasite load in individual
subjects with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, using only data
obtained at the time of clinical presentation, and then to identify their
mechanistic correlates. We predicted higher parasite multiplication rates and
lower host responsiveness in severe malaria cases, with severe anemia being more
insidious than cerebral malaria. We predicted that parasite growth-inhibition
was associated with platelet consumption, lower expression of
CXCL10 and type-1 interferon-associated genes, but
increased cathepsin G and matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression. We found that
cathepsin G and matrix metallopeptidase 9 directly inhibit parasite invasion
into erythrocytes. Parasite multiplication rate was associated with host iron
availability and higher complement factor H levels, lower expression of
gametocyte-associated genes but higher expression of translation-associated
genes in the parasite. Our findings demonstrate the potential of using explicit
modelling of pathogen load dynamics to deepen understanding of host-pathogen
interactions and identify mechanistic correlates of protection.
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Zhou JF, Luo JY, Zhu WB, Yang CY, Zeng YL, Qiu XL. Association between genetic polymorphism of heme oxygenase 1 promoter and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:12-23. [PMID: 30700176 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1570115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The association between a (GT)n dinucleotide length polymorphism in the promoter region of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains controversial. This meta-analysis was, therefore, performed with aims to examine the correlation between the HMOX1 (GT)n repeat length polymorphism and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia susceptibility.Materials and methods: We searched the databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data, with all reviewed studies published before 28 June 2018. After the evaluation of quality, we used RevMan to perform the meta-analyses. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of HMOX1 gene promoter polymorphisms on the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Results: Seven studies, involving 584 patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and 1655 controls, were included. A statistically significant association was found between the HMOX1 (GT)n repeat length polymorphism and risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia under the allele (allele S vs. allele L: OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.22-2.67, p = .003), recessive (genotype SS vs. genotypes LS + LL: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02-1.86, p = .04), dominant (genotypes SS + LS vs. LL: OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01-1.76, p = .01), and homozygous genetic models (genotype SS vs. genotype LL: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02-2.11, p = .003), but not under the heterozygous genetic model. Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that the cutoffs of the S allele < 25 showed significant associations in any of the five genetic models (allele S vs. allele L: OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.68-3.05, p < .00001; genotype SS vs. genotypes LS + LL: OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.41-4.65, p = .002; genotypes SS + LS vs. genotype LL: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.28-2.59, p = .0009; genotype SS vs. genotype LL: OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.50-6.36, p = .002; genotype LS vs. genotype LL: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.11-2.42, p = .01); however, this association was not observed in the cutoffs of the S allele ≥25.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant association between the HMOX1 (GT)n repeat length polymorphism and susceptibility to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Newborns carrying shorter (GT)n repeats in the HMOX1 gene promoter may have a higher risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fu Zhou
- Center of Neonatal Screening, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ying Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhu
- Center of Neonatal Screening, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yi Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying-Lin Zeng
- Center of Neonatal Screening, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qiu
- Center of Neonatal Screening, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Gomes AC, Moreira AC, Mesquita G, Gomes MS. Modulation of Iron Metabolism in Response to Infection: Twists for All Tastes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030084. [PMID: 30200471 PMCID: PMC6161156 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for almost all living organisms, but is not easily made available. Hosts and pathogens engage in a fight for the metal during an infection, leading to major alterations in the host’s iron metabolism. Important pathological consequences can emerge from the mentioned interaction, including anemia. Several recent reports have highlighted the alterations in iron metabolism caused by different types of infection, and several possible therapeutic strategies emerge, based on the targeting of the host’s iron metabolism. Here, we review the most recent literature on iron metabolism alterations that are induced by infection, the consequent development of anemia, and the potential therapeutic approaches to modulate iron metabolism in order to correct iron-related pathologies and control the ongoing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gonçalo Mesquita
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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van Beek AE, Sarr I, Correa S, Nwakanma D, Brouwer MC, Wouters D, Secka F, Anderson STB, Conway DJ, Walther M, Levin M, Kuijpers TW, Cunnington AJ. Complement Factor H Levels Associate With Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Susceptibility and Severity. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy166. [PMID: 30087905 PMCID: PMC6059171 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum may evade complement-mediated host defense by hijacking complement Factor H (FH), a negative regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Plasma levels of FH vary between individuals and may therefore influence malaria susceptibility and severity. METHODS We measured convalescent FH plasma levels in 149 Gambian children who had recovered from uncomplicated or severe P. falciparum malaria and in 173 healthy control children. We compared FH plasma levels between children with malaria and healthy controls, and between children with severe (n = 82) and uncomplicated malaria (n = 67). We determined associations between FH plasma levels and laboratory features of severity and used multivariate analyses to examine associations with FH when accounting for other determinants of severity. RESULTS FH plasma levels differed significantly between controls, uncomplicated malaria cases, and severe malaria cases (mean [95% confidence interval], 257 [250 to 264], 288 [268 to 309], and 328 [313 to 344] µg/mL, respectively; analysis of variance P < .0001). FH plasma levels correlated with severity biomarkers, including lactate, parasitemia, and parasite density, but did not correlate with levels of PfHRP2, which represent the total body parasite load. Associations with severity and lactate remained significant when adjusting for age and parasite load. CONCLUSIONS Natural variation in FH plasma levels is associated with malaria susceptibility and severity. A prospective study will be needed to strengthen evidence for causation, but our findings suggest that interfering with FH binding by P. falciparum might be useful for malaria prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E van Beek
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isatou Sarr
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Simon Correa
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Davis Nwakanma
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Mieke C Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Wouters
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fatou Secka
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Suzanne T B Anderson
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - David J Conway
- Department of Pathogen and Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Walther
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Lee HJ, Georgiadou A, Walther M, Nwakanma D, Stewart LB, Levin M, Otto TD, Conway DJ, Coin LJ, Cunnington AJ. Integrated pathogen load and dual transcriptome analysis of systemic host-pathogen interactions in severe malaria. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaar3619. [PMID: 29950443 PMCID: PMC6326353 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of infectious diseases depends on the interaction of host and pathogen. In Plasmodium falciparum malaria, host and parasite processes can be assessed by dual RNA sequencing of blood from infected patients. We performed dual transcriptome analyses on samples from 46 malaria-infected Gambian children to reveal mechanisms driving the systemic pathophysiology of severe malaria. Integrating these transcriptomic data with estimates of parasite load and detailed clinical information allowed consideration of potentially confounding effects due to differing leukocyte proportions in blood, parasite developmental stage, and whole-body pathogen load. We report hundreds of human and parasite genes differentially expressed between severe and uncomplicated malaria, with distinct profiles associated with coma, hyperlactatemia, and thrombocytopenia. High expression of neutrophil granule-related genes was consistently associated with all severe malaria phenotypes. We observed severity-associated variation in the expression of parasite genes, which determine cytoadhesion to vascular endothelium, rigidity of infected erythrocytes, and parasite growth rate. Up to 99% of human differential gene expression in severe malaria was driven by differences in parasite load, whereas parasite gene expression showed little association with parasite load. Coexpression analyses revealed interactions between human and P. falciparum, with prominent co-regulation of translation genes in severe malaria between host and parasite. Multivariate analyses suggested that increased expression of granulopoiesis and interferon-γ-related genes, together with inadequate suppression of type 1 interferon signaling, best explained severity of infection. These findings provide a framework for understanding the contributions of host and parasite to the pathogenesis of severe malaria and identifying new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jae Lee
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Michael Walther
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, P.O. Box 273, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Davis Nwakanma
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, P.O. Box 273, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Lindsay B Stewart
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J Conway
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lachlan J Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Pereira MLM, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Could Heme Oxygenase-1 Be a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:161. [PMID: 29868517 PMCID: PMC5964746 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease and was responsible for 429,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications of severe malaria; it is characterized by a high mortality rate and can even occur after antimalarial treatment when parasitemia is not detected. Rodent models of ALI/ARDS show similar clinical signs as in humans when the rodents are infected with murine Plasmodium. In these models, it was shown that the induction of the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is protective against severe malaria complications, including cerebral malaria and ALI/ARDS. Increased lung endothelial permeability and upregulation of VEGF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be associated with malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS), and both were reduced after HO-1 induction. Additionally, mice were protected against MA-ALI/ARDS after treatment with carbon monoxide- releasing molecules or with carbon monoxide, which is also released by the HO-1 activity. However, high HO-1 levels in inflammatory cells were associated with the respiratory burst of neutrophils and with an intensification of inflammation during episodes of severe malaria in humans. Here, we review the main aspects of HO-1 in malaria and ALI/ARDS, presenting the dual role of HO-1 and possibilities for therapeutic intervention by modulating this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L M Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Singh N, Ahmad Z, Baid N, Kumar A. Host heme oxygenase-1: Friend or foe in tackling pathogens? IUBMB Life 2018; 70:869-880. [PMID: 29761622 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major challenge in management of human health worldwide. Recent literature suggests that host immune system could be modulated to ameliorate the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) is a key regulator of cellular signaling and it could be modulated using pharmacological reagents. HMOX1 is a cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and molecular iron. CO and biliverdin (or bilirubin derived from it) can restrict the growth of a few pathogens. Both of these also induce antioxidant pathways and anti-inflammatory pathways. On the other hand, molecular iron can induce proinflammatory pathway besides making the cellular environment oxidative in nature. Since microbial infections often induce oxidative stress in host cells/tissues, role of HMOX1 has been analyzed in the pathogenesis of number of infections. In this review, we have described the role of HMOX1 in pathogenesis of bacterial infections caused by Mycobacterium species, Salmonella and in microbial sepsis. We have also provided a succinct overview of the role of HMOX1 in parasitic infections such as malaria and leishmaniasis. In the end, we have also elaborated the role of HMOX1 in viral infections such as AIDS, hepatitis, dengue, and influenza. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):869-880, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Navin Baid
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Kuesap J, Na-Bangchang K. The Effect of ABO Blood Groups, Hemoglobinopathy, and Heme Oxygenase-1 Polymorphisms on Malaria Susceptibility and Severity. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:167-173. [PMID: 29742871 PMCID: PMC5976019 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most important public health problems in tropical areas on the globe. Several factors are associated with susceptibility to malaria and disease severity, including innate immunity such as blood group, hemoglobinopathy, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) polymorphisms. This study was carried out to investigate association among ABO blood group, thalassemia types and HO-1 polymorphisms in malaria. The malarial blood samples were collected from patients along the Thai-Myanmar border. Determination of ABO blood group, thalassemia variants, and HO-1 polymorphisms were performed using agglutination test, low pressure liquid chromatography and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Plasmodium vivax was the major infected malaria species in the study samples. Distribution of ABO blood type in the malaria-infected samples was similar to that in healthy subjects, of which blood type O being most prevalent. Association between blood group A and decreased risk of severe malaria was significant. Six thalassemia types (30%) were detected, i.e., hemoglobin E (HbE), β-thalassemia, α-thalassemia 1, α-thalassemia 2, HbE with α-thalassemia 2, and β-thalassemia with α-thalassemia 2. Malaria infected samples without thalassemia showed significantly higher risk to severe malaria. The prevalence of HO-1 polymorphisms, S/S, S/L and L/L were 25, 62, and 13%, respectively. Further study with larger sample size is required to confirm the impact of these 3 host genetic factors in malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kuesap
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University. Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Heme oxygenase-1 genetic variants and the conundrum of hyperbilirubinemia in African-American newborns. J Perinatol 2018; 38:345-350. [PMID: 29302043 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-017-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) infants are known to have, overall, lower bilirubin levels than infants of other ethnicities during their birth hospitalization. However, they are known to have a higher incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and are over represented in the US Kernicterus Registry. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO) is the rate limiting enzyme in heme metabolism leading to the equimolar production of bilirubin, carbon monoxide (CO) and free iron (Fe). Short (S) (GT)n repeats (<25) in the promoter region of the gene encoding the inducible HO-1 isozyme augment its expression, while long (L) repeats (>33) lead to an attenuation, modulating the production of bilirubin and CO. The impact of HO-1 promoter polymorphisms on bilirubin levels has not been well studied in (AA) infants. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to compare the distribution of (GT)n repeat lengths in the HO-1 promoter region in a cohort of AA infants to those found in other ethnicities and to evaluate the contribution of this polymorphism to the degree of hyperbilirubinemia and the level of COHbc in this cohort. METHODS We prospectively studied a cohort of term AA infants with O+ mothers. Per hospital routine, infants' blood type, Rh status, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and total bilirubin (TB) levels were checked prior to discharge. After parental consent, blood was collected for DNA extraction and carboxyhemoglobin (COHbc) measurements at the same time as the infants' newborn screen. An infant's TB percentile risk based on the Bhutani nomogram was used to determine need for phototherapy or follow-up. (GT)n repeat length in the HO-1 promoter was determined for each allele using PCR after DNA extraction from dried bloodspots. Size of allele lengths were typed as short (S, <25), medium (M, 25-33) or long (L, >33). RESULTS One hundred eighty infants were studied for a total of 360 separate alleles. 12.2% (44/360) of alleles were S which was significantly less than all other ethnicities reviewed. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHbc) levels and bilirubin percentiles were higher among infants who had at least one S allele when compared to those who had at least one L allele in the cohort as a whole: COHbc 0.92 ± 0.35 vs. 0.85 ± 0.37; p = 0.28 and Bilirubin percentile 48.6 ± 34.0 vs. 44.9 ± 31.6; p = 0.51. This relationship remained when only those infants who were DAT neg were examined: COHbc 0.81 ± 0.26 vs. 0.74 ± 0.21; p = 0.11 and Bilirubin percentile 43.6 ± 29.9 vs. 37.5 ± 28.7; p = 0.28. CONCLUSIONS The presence of L alleles of this variant is significantly greater among infants who are either African or of African descent. There was a trend toward lower COHbc levels among infants with at least one L allele as opposed to at least one S allele, although this did not have a statistically significant impact on TB risk percentile.
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Gill AJ, Garza R, Ambegaokar SS, Gelman BB, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 promoter region (GT)n polymorphism associates with increased neuroimmune activation and risk for encephalitis in HIV infection. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:70. [PMID: 29510721 PMCID: PMC5838989 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical cytoprotective enzyme that limits oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular injury within the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 protein expression is decreased within the brains of HIV+ subjects and that this HO-1 reduction correlates with CNS immune activation and neurocognitive dysfunction. To define a potential CNS protective role for HO-1 against HIV, we analyzed a well-characterized HIV autopsy cohort for two common HO-1 promoter region polymorphisms that are implicated in regulating HO-1 promoter transcriptional activity, a (GT)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and a single nucleotide polymorphism (A(-413)T). Shorter HO-1 (GT)n repeats and the 'A' SNP allele associate with higher HO-1 promoter activity. METHODS Brain dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue samples from an autopsy cohort of HIV-, HIV+, and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) subjects (n = 554) were analyzed as follows: HO-1 (GT)n polymorphism allele lengths were determined by PCR and capillary electrophoresis, A(-413)T SNP alleles were determined by PCR with allele specific probes, and RNA expression of selected neuroimmune markers was analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS HIV+ subjects with shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles had a significantly lower risk of HIVE; however, shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles did not correlate with CNS or peripheral viral loads. In HIV+ subjects without HIVE, shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles associated significantly with lower expression of brain type I interferon response markers (MX1, ISG15, and IRF1) and T-lymphocyte activation markers (CD38 and GZMB). No significant correlations were found between the HO-1 (GT)n repeat length and brain expression of macrophage markers (CD163, CD68), endothelial markers (PECAM1, VWF), the T-lymphocyte marker CD8A, or the B-lymphocyte maker CD19. Finally, we found no significant associations between the A(-413)T SNP and HIVE diagnosis, HIV viral loads, or any neuroimmune markers. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that an individual's HO-1 promoter region (GT)n polymorphism allele repeat length exerts unique modifying risk effects on HIV-induced CNS neuroinflammation and associated neuropathogenesis. Shorter HO-1 (GT)n alleles increase HO-1 promoter activity, which could provide neuroprotection through decreased neuroimmune activation. Therapeutic strategies that induce HO-1 expression could decrease HIV-associated CNS neuroinflammation and decrease the risk for development of HIV neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Gill
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 280C Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rolando Garza
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 280C Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Surendra S. Ambegaokar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Robbins Program in Neuroscience, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43016 USA
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Dennis L. Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, 280C Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Gibbons SJ, Grover M, Choi KM, Wadhwa A, Zubair A, Wilson LA, Wu Y, Abell TL, Hasler WL, Koch KL, McCallum RW, Nguyen LAB, Parkman HP, Sarosiek I, Snape WJ, Tonascia J, Hamilton FA, Pasricha PJ, Farrugia G. Repeat polymorphisms in the Homo sapiens heme oxygenase-1 gene in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187772. [PMID: 29161307 PMCID: PMC5697813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis in Homo sapiens cause significant morbidity. Etiology or risk factors have not been clearly identified. Failure to sustain elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression is associated with delayed gastric emptying in diabetic mice and polymorphisms in the HO1 gene (HMOX1, NCBI Gene ID:3162) are associated with worse outcomes in other diseases. AIM Our hypothesis was that longer polyGT alleles are more common in the HMOX1 genes of individuals with gastroparesis than in controls without upper gastrointestinal motility disorders. METHODS Repeat length was determined in genomic DNA. Controls with diabetes (84 type 1, 84 type 2) and without diabetes (n = 170) were compared to diabetic gastroparetics (99 type 1, 72 type 2) and idiopathic gastroparetics (n = 234). Correlations of repeat lengths with clinical symptom sub-scores on the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) were done. Statistical analyses of short (<29), medium and long (>32) repeat alleles and differences in allele length were used to test for associations with gastroparesis. RESULTS The distribution of allele lengths was different between groups (P = 0.016). Allele lengths were longest in type 2 diabetics with gastroparesis (29.18±0.35, mean ± SEM) and longer in gastroparetics compared to non-diabetic controls (28.50±0.14 vs 27.64±0.20 GT repeats/allele, P = 0.0008). Type 2 diabetic controls had longer alleles than non-diabetic controls. In all gastroparetic groups, allele lengths were longer in African Americans compared to other racial groups, differences in the proportion of African Americans in the groups accounted for the differences between gastroparetics and controls. Diabetic gastroparetics with 1 or 2 long alleles had worse GCSI nausea sub-scores (3.30±0.23) as compared to those with 0 long alleles (2.66±0.12), P = 0.022. CONCLUSIONS Longer poly-GT repeats in the HMOX1 gene are more common in African Americans with gastroparesis. Nausea symptoms are worse in subjects with longer alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Gibbons
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Akhilesh Wadhwa
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adeel Zubair
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Wilson
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Mayo Clinic, Medical Genomics Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Abell
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - William L. Hasler
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L. Koch
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Henry P. Parkman
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irene Sarosiek
- Texas Tech University, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - William J. Snape
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Tonascia
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank A. Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Mayo Clinic, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Specific expression of heme oxygenase-1 by myeloid cells modulates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:197. [PMID: 28298633 PMCID: PMC5428056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major risk factor for delayed graft function in renal transplantation. Compelling evidence exists that the stress-responsive enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediates protection against IRI. However, the role of myeloid HO-1 during IRI remains poorly characterized. Mice with myeloid-restricted deletion of HO-1 (HO-1M-KO), littermate (LT), and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to renal IRI or sham procedures and sacrificed after 24 hours or 7 days. In comparison to LT, HO-1M-KO exhibited significant renal histological damage, pro-inflammatory responses and oxidative stress 24 hours after reperfusion. HO-1M-KO mice also displayed impaired tubular repair and increased renal fibrosis 7 days after IRI. In WT mice, HO-1 induction with hemin specifically upregulated HO-1 within the CD11b+ F4/80lo subset of the renal myeloid cells. Prior administration of hemin to renal IRI was associated with significant increase of the renal HO-1+ CD11b+ F4/80lo myeloid cells in comparison to control mice. In contrast, this hemin-mediated protection was abolished in HO-1M-KO mice. In conclusion, myeloid HO-1 appears as a critical protective pathway against renal IRI and could be an interesting therapeutic target in renal transplantation.
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Ademolue TW, Amodu OK, Awandare GA. Sickle cell trait is associated with controlled levels of haem and mild proinflammatory response during acute malaria infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:283-292. [PMID: 28142190 PMCID: PMC5383446 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The controlled induction of haemoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), an enzyme that catabolizes haem, has been shown to reduce haem, preventing pathologies associated with haem toxicity. The hemoglobin genotype HbAS confers reduced susceptibility to severe complications of malaria by a mechanism that is not well understood. Using a longitudinal approach, we investigated the effect of baseline concentrations of HO‐1 on the accumulation of haem during acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria in HbAS and HbAA genotypes. Plasma concentrations of haem, HO‐1 and cytokines were quantified in venous blood obtained from children (9 months–5 years of age) during malaria infection, and at convalescence (baseline levels). Parasitaemia was determined during malaria infection. In patients with the HbAA genotype, there was a significant elevation in the plasma concentration of haem (P = 0.002), and a consequent increased induction of HO‐1 (P < 0.001) during falciparum malaria compared with levels at convalescence. Contrary to HbAA, plasma concentration of haem did not change in the HbAS genotypical group (P = 0·110), and the induction of HO‐1 was reduced during malaria compared with levels at convalescence (P = 0·006). Higher plasma levels of haem were observed in HbAS compared with HbAA at convalescence (P = 0·010), but this difference did not affect the levels of HO‐1 within each genotype (P = 0·450). Relatively milder proinflammatory responses were observed in HbAS children during malaria infection compared to HbAA children. Our findings suggest that a mechanism of reduced susceptibility to severe malaria pathologies by the HbAS genotype may involve the control of haem, leading to controlled levels of HO‐1 and milder proinflammatory responses during acute malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ademolue
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O K Amodu
- Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - G A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Barker KR, Lu Z, Kim H, Zheng Y, Chen J, Conroy AL, Hawkes M, Cheng HS, Njock MS, Fish JE, Harlan JM, López JA, Liles WC, Kain KC. miR-155 Modifies Inflammation, Endothelial Activation and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Cerebral Malaria. Mol Med 2017; 23:24-33. [PMID: 28182191 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-155 has been shown to participate in host response to infection and neuro-inflammation via negative regulation of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity and T cell function. We hypothesized that miR-155 may contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM). To test this hypothesis, we used a genetic approach to modulate miR-155 expression in an experimental model of cerebral malaria (ECM). In addition, an engineered endothelialized microvessel system and serum samples from Ugandan children with CM were used to examine an anti-miR-155 as a potential adjunctive therapeutic for severe malaria. Despite higher parasitemia, survival was significantly improved in miR-155-/- mice vs. wild-type littermate mice in ECM. Improved survival was associated with preservation of BBB integrity and reduced endothelial activation, despite increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pre-treatment with antagomir-155 reduced vascular leak induced by human CM sera in an ex vivo endothelial microvessel model. These data provide evidence supporting a mechanistic role for miR-155 in host response to malaria via regulation of endothelial activation, microvascular leak and BBB dysfunction in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Richard Barker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziyue Lu
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hani Kim
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center of Cardiovascular Biology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Hawkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John M Harlan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose A López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, and the Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Thongdee P, Na-Bangchang K. The role of heme-oxygenase-1 in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the co-culture model of human brain microvascular endothelial cell and ITG Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:20-24. [PMID: 28107860 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of human host heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the in vitro model. METHODS The effect of human host HO-1 [human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC)] on hemoglobin degradation in the co-culture model of HBMEC and ITG Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells (iRBC) through measurement of the enzymatic products iron and bilirubin. RESULTS Following exposure to the HO-1 inducer CoPPIX at all concentrations, the HBMEC cells apoptosis occurred, which could be prominently observed at 15 μM of 3 h exposure. In contrast, there was no significant change in the morphology in the non-exposed iRBC at all concentrations and exposure time. This observation was in agreement with the levels of the enzymatic degradation products iron and bilirubin, of which the highest levels (106.03 and 1753.54% of baseline level, respectively) were observed at 15 μM vs. 20 μM at 3 h vs. 24 h exposure. For the effect of the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX, HBMEC cell morphology was mostly unchanged, but significant inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis was seen at 10 μM for the exposure period of 3 h (37.17% of baseline level). The degree of the inhibitory effect as reflected by the level of iron produced was not clearly observed (highest effect at 10 μM and 3 h exposure). CONCLUSIONS Results provide at least in part, insight into the contribution of HO-1 on CM pathogenesis and need to be confirmed in animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwan Thongdee
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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(GT)n Repeat Polymorphism in Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) Correlates with Clinical Outcome after Myeloablative or Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168210. [PMID: 27997582 PMCID: PMC5172582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment for various hematologic diseases where efficacy of treatment is in part based on the graft versus tumour (GVT) activity of cells in the transplant. The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation and it has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory functions. In humans a (GT)n repeat polymorphism regulates the expression of HO-1. We conducted fragment length analyses of the (GT)n repeat in the promotor region of the gene for HO-1 in DNA from donors and recipients receiving allogeneic myeloablative- (MA) (n = 110) or nonmyeloablative- (NMA-) (n = 250) HCT. Subsequently, we compared the length of the (GT)n repeat with clinical outcome after HCT. We demonstrated that transplants from a HO-1high donor after MA-conditioning (n = 13) is associated with higher relapse incidence at 3 years (p = 0.01, n = 110). In the NMA-conditioning setting transplantation of HO-1low donor cells into HO-1low recipients correlated significantly with decreased relapse related mortality (RRM) and longer progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.008, respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that HO-1 may play a role for the induction of GVT effect after allogeneic HCT.
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Association of Heme Oxygenase 1 with Lung Protection in Malaria-Associated ALI/ARDS. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4158698. [PMID: 27974865 PMCID: PMC5126464 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease, caused by the parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which was responsible for 440,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications in severe malaria. The murine model DBA/2 reproduces the clinical signs of ALI/ARDS in humans, when infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. High levels of HO-1 were reported in cases of severe malaria. Our data indicated that the HO-1 mRNA and protein expression are increased in mice that develop malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS). Additionally, the hemin, a HO-1 inducing drug, prevented mice from developing MA-ALI/ARDS when administered prior to the development of MA-ALI/ARDS in this model. Also, hemin treatment showed an amelioration of respiratory parameters in mice, high VEGF levels in the sera, and a decrease in vascular permeability in the lung, which are signs of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, the induction of HO-1 before the development of MA-ALI/ARDS could be protective. However, the increased expression of HO-1 on the onset of MA-ALI/ARDS development may represent an effort to revert the phenotype of this syndrome by the host. We therefore confirm that HO-1 inducing drugs could be used for prevention of MA-ALI/ARDS in humans.
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Dalko E, Genete D, Auger F, Dovergne C, Lambert C, Herbert F, Cazenave PA, Roland J, Pied S. Heme dampens T-cell sequestration by modulating glial cell responses during rodent cerebral malaria. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:280-290. [PMID: 27477919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the deadliest complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Its pathophysiology is associated with a strong pro-inflammatory reaction and the activation of glial cells. Among modulators released during the infection, heme seems to play a controversial role in the pathophysiology of malaria. Herein, we first investigated the phenotype of glial cells during cerebral malaria in C57BL/6 mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. Given the fact that high levels of heme were associated with cerebral malaria, we then investigated its impact on microglial, astrocyte, and T cell responses to further clarify its contribution in the neuropathophysiology. Surprisingly, we found that administration of heme twice a day from day three of infection induced the expression of the Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) gene and prevented brain damages. More specifically, heme inhibited the M1 phenotype of microglia, hampered the activation of astrocytes, and decreased the cerebral expression of Ifng, Tnfa and Ip10. Heme might that way alter the migration of pathogenic CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes within the brain observed during cerebral malaria. Taking into account that cerebral malaria results from a complex interplay between host- and parasite-derived factors, it is possible that genetic polymorphisms of Hmox1, which could be associated with the control of systemic levels of heme during P. falciparum infection, might explain its dual role and its contribution to the resistance to cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dalko
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Delphine Genete
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florent Auger
- Imaging Platform, Research Pole, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; Université de Lille, UDSL, EA 1046 Lille, France
| | - Claire Dovergne
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claire Lambert
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-André Cazenave
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Roland
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylviane Pied
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
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Possible role of PGD2 in malaria infections. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:856-859. [PMID: 27633298 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To preliminarily investigate the possible role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in malaria infections. METHODS Blood and urinary samples (n = 120 each) were collected from Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) with moderate (n = 26) and high (n = 4) parasitemia, patients with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) (n = 30), patients with fever associated with other infections (n = 30), and healthy subjects (n = 30). PGD2 concentrations in plasma and urinary samples of healthy subjects, patients with fever associated with other infections and patients with malaria were determined using Prostaglandin D2-MOX express EIA kit (Cayman Chemical, USA). RESULTS The possible association between PGD2 and malaria infections is clearly demonstrated with PGD2 concentration in urine. The urinary PGD2 concentrations were relatively high (about 5-fold) in patients with P. falciparum with moderate parasitemia and P. vivax infections compared with other groups. Furthermore, the concentration in patients with P. falciparum with moderate parasitemia and P. vivax infection were significantly higher than that in healthy subjects and patients with fever associated with other infections. CONCLUSIONS Urinary PGD2 concentrations may offer a more dependable and useful tool for predicting malaria severity. Confirmation is this preliminary finding is required with a larger sample size.
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Kayano ACAV, Dos-Santos JCK, Bastos MF, Carvalho LJ, Aliberti J, Costa FTM. Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Gaseous Therapies for Severe Malaria. Infect Immun 2016; 84:874-882. [PMID: 26831465 PMCID: PMC4807480 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01404-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 million people worldwide suffer from malaria every year, a disease that causes 584,000 deaths annually. In recent years, significant improvements have been achieved on the treatment of severe malaria, with intravenous artesunate proving superior to quinine. However, mortality remains high, at 8% in children and 15% in adults in clinical trials, and even worse in the case of cerebral malaria (18% and 30%, respectively). Moreover, some individuals who do not succumb to severe malaria present long-term cognitive deficits. These observations indicate that strategies focused only on parasite killing fail to prevent neurological complications and deaths associated with severe malaria, possibly because clinical complications are associated in part with a cerebrovascular dysfunction. Consequently, different adjunctive therapies aimed at modulating malaria pathophysiological processes are currently being tested. However, none of these therapies has shown unequivocal evidence in improving patient clinical status. Recently, key studies have shown that gaseous therapies based mainly on nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hyperbaric (pressurized) oxygen (HBO) alter vascular endothelium dysfunction and modulate the host immune response to infection. Considering gaseous administration as a promising adjunctive treatment against severe malaria cases, we review here the pathophysiological mechanisms and the immunological aspects of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina A V Kayano
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Conrado K Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcele F Bastos
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo J Carvalho
- Laboratory of Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Aliberti
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio T M Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Activated Neutrophils Are Associated with Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Vasculopathy in Malawian Children. mBio 2016; 7:e01300-15. [PMID: 26884431 PMCID: PMC4791846 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01300-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with cerebral malaria (CM) sustain cerebral microvascular sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs). Although many young children are infected with P. falciparum, CM remains a rare outcome; thus, we hypothesized that specific host conditions facilitate iRBC cerebral sequestration. To identify these host factors, we compared the peripheral whole-blood transcriptomes of Malawian children with iRBC cerebral sequestration, identified as malarial-retinopathy-positive CM (Ret+CM), to the transcriptomes of children with CM and no cerebral iRBC sequestration, defined as malarial-retinopathy-negative CM (Ret-CM). Ret+CM was associated with upregulation of 103 gene set pathways, including cytokine, blood coagulation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways (P < 0.01; false-discovery rate [FDR] of <0.05). Neutrophil transcripts were the most highly upregulated individual transcripts in Ret+CM patients. Activated neutrophils can modulate diverse host processes, including the ECM, inflammation, and platelet biology to potentially facilitate parasite sequestration. Therefore, we compared plasma neutrophil proteins and neutrophil chemotaxis between Ret+CM and Ret-CM patients. Plasma levels of human neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and proteinase 3, but not lactoferrin or lipocalin, were elevated in Ret+CM patients, and neutrophil chemotaxis was impaired, possibly related to increased plasma heme. Neutrophils were rarely seen in CM brain microvasculature autopsy samples, and no neutrophil extracellular traps were found, suggesting that a putative neutrophil effect on endothelial cell biology results from neutrophil soluble factors rather than direct neutrophil cellular tissue effects. Meanwhile, children with Ret-CM had lower levels of inflammation, higher levels of alpha interferon, and upregulation of Toll-like receptor pathways and other host transcriptional pathways, which may represent responses that do not favor cerebral iRBC sequestration. There were approximately 198 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2013, with an estimated 584,000 deaths occurring mostly in sub-Saharan African children. CM is a severe and rare form of Plasmodium falciparum infection and is associated with high rates of mortality and neurological morbidity, despite antimalarial treatment. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of CM would allow the development of adjunctive therapies to improve clinical outcomes. A hallmark of CM is cerebral microvasculature sequestration of P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs), which results in vasculopathy in some patients. Our data provide a global analysis of the host pathways associated with CM and newly identify an association of activated neutrophils with brain iRBC sequestration. Products of activated neutrophils could alter endothelial cell receptors and coagulation to facilitate iRBC adherence. Future studies can now examine the role of neutrophils in CM pathogenesis to improve health outcomes.
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Tissue heme oxygenase-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:98-111. [PMID: 25943274 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute pulmonary inflammation. For the first time, we investigated the role of leukocytic HO-1 using a model of HO-1(flox/flox) mice lacking leukocytic HO-1 that were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute pulmonary inflammation. Immunohistology and flow cytometry demonstrated that activation of HO-1 using hemin decreased migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the lung interstitium and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the wild-type and, surprisingly, also in HO-1(flox/flox) mice, emphasizing the anti-inflammatory potential of nonmyeloid HO-1. Nevertheless, hemin reduced the CXCL1, CXCL2/3, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in both animal strains. Microvascular permeability was attenuated by hemin in wild-type and HO-1(flox/flox) mice, indicating a crucial role of non-myeloid HO-1 in endothelial integrity. The determination of the activity of HO-1 in mouse lungs revealed no compensatory increase in the HO-1(flox/flox) mice. Topical administration of hemin via inhalation reduced the dose required to attenuate PMN migration and microvascular permeability by a factor of 40, emphasizing its clinical potential. In addition, HO-1 stimulation was protective against pulmonary inflammation when initiated after the inflammatory stimulus. In conclusion, nonmyeloid HO-1 is crucial for the anti-inflammatory effect of this enzyme on PMN migration to different compartments of the lung and on microvascular permeability.
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Mendonça VRD, Barral-Netto M. Immunoregulation in human malaria: the challenge of understanding asymptomatic infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:945-55. [PMID: 26676319 PMCID: PMC4708013 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Plasmodium infection carriers represent a major threat
to malaria control worldwide as they are silent natural reservoirs and do not seek
medical care. There are no standard criteria for
asymptomaticPlasmodium infection; therefore, its diagnosis relies
on the presence of the parasite during a specific period of symptomless infection.
The antiparasitic immune response can result in reducedPlasmodium
sp. load with control of disease manifestations, which leads to asymptomatic
infection. Both the innate and adaptive immune responses seem to play major roles in
asymptomatic Plasmodiuminfection; T regulatory cell activity
(through the production of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β) and
B-cells (with a broad antibody response) both play prominent roles. Furthermore,
molecules involved in the haem detoxification pathway (such as haptoglobin and haeme
oxygenase-1) and iron metabolism (ferritin and activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase)
have emerged in recent years as potential biomarkers and thus are helping to unravel
the immune response underlying asymptomatic Plasmodium infection.
The acquisition of large data sets and the use of robust statistical tools, including
network analysis, associated with well-designed malaria studies will likely help
elucidate the immune mechanisms responsible for asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R de Mendonça
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Soares MP, Weiss G. The Iron age of host-microbe interactions. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1482-500. [PMID: 26474900 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes exert a major impact on human health and disease by either promoting or disrupting homeostasis, in the latter instance leading to the development of infectious diseases. Such disparate outcomes are driven by the ever-evolving genetic diversity of microbes and the countervailing host responses that minimize their pathogenic impact. Host defense strategies that limit microbial pathogenicity include resistance mechanisms that exert a negative impact on microbes, and disease tolerance mechanisms that sustain host homeostasis without interfering directly with microbes. While genetically distinct, these host defense strategies are functionally integrated, via mechanisms that remain incompletely defined. Here, we explore the general principles via which host adaptive responses regulating iron (Fe) metabolism impact on resistance and disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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