1
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Morena F, Argentati C, Caponi S, Lüchtefeld I, Emiliani C, Vassalli M, Martino S. Piezo1 - Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A - Cofilin1 biochemical mechanotransduction axis controls F-actin dynamics and cell migration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32458. [PMID: 38933959 PMCID: PMC11201121 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sheds light on a ground-breaking biochemical mechanotransduction pathway and reveals how Piezo1 channels orchestrate cell migration. We observed an increased cell migration rate in HEK293T (HEK) cells treated with Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, or in HEK cells overexpressing Piezo1 (HEK + P). Conversely, a significant reduction in cell motility was observed in HEK cells treated with GsMTx4 (a channel inhibitor) or upon silencing Piezo1 (HEK-P). Our findings establish a direct correlation between alterations in cell motility, Piezo1 expression, abnormal F-actin microfilament dynamics, and the regulation of Cofilin1, a protein involved in severing F-actin microfilaments. Here, the conversion of inactive pCofilin1 to active Cofilin1, mediated by the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit C (PP2AC), resulted in increased severing of F-actin microfilaments and enhanced cell migration in HEK + P cells compared to HEK controls. However, this effect was negligible in HEK-P and HEK cells transfected with hsa-miR-133b, which post-transcriptionally inhibited PP2AC mRNA expression. In summary, our study suggests that Piezo1 regulates cell migration through a biochemical mechanotransduction pathway involving PP2AC-mediated Cofilin1 dephosphorylation, leading to changes in F-actin microfilament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Caponi
- CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali-IOM c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Chen Z, Satake E, Pezzolesi MG, Md Dom ZI, Stucki D, Kobayashi H, Syreeni A, Johnson AT, Wu X, Dahlström EH, King JB, Groop PH, Rich SS, Sandholm N, Krolewski AS, Natarajan R. Integrated analysis of blood DNA methylation, genetic variants, circulating proteins, microRNAs, and kidney failure in type 1 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj3385. [PMID: 38776390 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Variation in DNA methylation (DNAmet) in white blood cells and other cells/tissues has been implicated in the etiology of progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the specific mechanisms linking DNAmet variation in blood cells with risk of kidney failure (KF) and utility of measuring blood cell DNAmet in personalized medicine are not clear. We measured blood cell DNAmet in 277 individuals with type 1 diabetes and DKD using Illumina EPIC arrays; 51% of the cohort developed KF during 7 to 20 years of follow-up. Our epigenome-wide analysis identified DNAmet at 17 CpGs (5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' loci) associated with risk of KF independent of major clinical risk factors. DNAmet at these KF-associated CpGs remained stable over a median period of 4.7 years. Furthermore, DNAmet variations at seven KF-associated CpGs were strongly associated with multiple genetic variants at seven genomic regions, suggesting a strong genetic influence on DNAmet. The effects of DNAmet variations at the KF-associated CpGs on risk of KF were partially mediated by multiple KF-associated circulating proteins and KF-associated circulating miRNAs. A prediction model for risk of KF was developed by adding blood cell DNAmet at eight selected KF-associated CpGs to the clinical model. This updated model significantly improved prediction performance (c-statistic = 0.93) versus the clinical model (c-statistic = 0.85) at P = 6.62 × 10-14. In conclusion, our multiomics study provides insights into mechanisms through which variation of DNAmet may affect KF development and shows that blood cell DNAmet at certain CpGs can improve risk prediction for KF in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eiichiro Satake
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcus G Pezzolesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Zaipul I Md Dom
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Devorah Stucki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Adam T Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Emma H Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jaxon B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Andrzej S Krolewski
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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3
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Hezinger L, Bauer S, Ellwanger K, Piotrowsky A, Biber F, Venturelli S, Kufer TA. NOD1 cooperates with HAX-1 to promote cell migration in a RIPK2- and NF-ĸB-independent manner. FEBS J 2023; 290:5295-5312. [PMID: 37488967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The human Nod-like receptor protein NOD1 is a well-described pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) with diverse functions. NOD1 associates with F-actin and its protein levels are upregulated in metastatic cancer cells. A hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to migrate, which involves actin remodelling. Using chemotaxis and wound healing assays, we show that NOD1 expression correlated with the migration rate and chemotactic index in the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. The effect of NOD1 in cell migration was independent of the downstream kinase RIPK2 and NF-ĸB activity. Additionally, NOD1 negatively regulated the phosphorylation status of cofilin, which inhibits actin turnover. Co-immunoprecipitation assays identified HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as a previously unknown interaction partner of NOD1. Silencing of HAX-1 expression reduced the migration behaviour to similar levels as NOD1 knockdown, and simultaneous knockdown of NOD1 and HAX-1 showed no additive effect, suggesting that both proteins act in the same pathway. In conclusion, our data revealed an important role of the PRR NOD1 in regulating cell migration as well as chemotaxis in human cervical cancer cells and identified HAX-1 as a protein that interacts with NOD1 and is involved in this signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hezinger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Bauer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alban Piotrowsky
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Biber
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Lai SW, Cheng YC, Huang WC, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Yang CK, Lee WH, Chen MY. Dysregulated expression of slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1) disrupts circadian rhythm and WNT signaling associated to hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11033-11051. [PMID: 37837551 PMCID: PMC10637823 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence underscores the circadian rhythm's essential function in liver stability and disease. Its disruption is progressively linked with metabolic issues, oncogene triggers, and heightened cancer susceptibility. Research points to slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1), a modulator of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), as instrumental in the reformation of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby impacting the invasiveness of various cancer types. Yet, the dynamics of SSH1's influence on liver cell stemness and circadian activity remain unclear. Through in-silico, tissue analysis, and functional assays, the study reveals a significant SSH1 expression in HCC samples, compared to non-cancerous counterparts, across six HCC platforms (AUC between 0.62 and 0.77, p < 0.01). The aberrant expression of SSH1 was correlated with poor patients' survival (HR = 1.70, p = 0.0063) and progression-free (HR = 1.477, p = 0.0187) survival rates. Targeting SSH1, either via Sennoside A or CRISPR SSH1 in Huh7 cells (Huh7-SSH1-/-) significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, invasion, colony and tumorsphere formation of the Huh7-SSH1-/- cells. Mechanistically, we showed that downregulated SSH1 expression suppressed CLOCK, BMAL1, WNT3, β-catenin, LRP5/6, BCL2, VIM and Snail, with concomitant upregulated CFL-1/2, and CRY1 expression, indicating dysregulated circadian rhythm and WNT/β-catenin oncogenic pathway deactivation. Treatments in reflected notable tumor size reductions in the mice treated with SenAlight (1.76-fold, p < 0.01) and SenAdark (3.79-fold, p < 0.01). The expression of SSH1, CLOCK, BMAL1 and β-catenin proteins were significantly downregulated in the SenAlight and SenAdark mice; this was more so in the SenAdark mice. This reveals a potential treatment approach for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Wei Lai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiao Cheng
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Yang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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5
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Glotfelty EJ, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Hsueh SC, Tweedie D, Li Y, Harvey BK, Hoffer BJ, Karlsson TE, Olson L, Greig NH. The RhoA-ROCK1/ROCK2 Pathway Exacerbates Inflammatory Signaling in Immortalized and Primary Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:1367. [PMID: 37408199 PMCID: PMC10216802 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a unifying factor among all acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we used immortalized microglial (IMG) cells and primary microglia (PMg) to understand the roles of the GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and its downstream targets Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) in neuroinflammation. We used a pan-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and a ROCK1- and ROCK2-specific inhibitor (RKI1447) to mitigate a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In both the IMG cells and PMg, each drug significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory protein production detected in media (TNF-α, IL-6, KC/GRO, and IL-12p70). In the IMG cells, this resulted from the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation and the blocking of neuroinflammatory gene transcription (iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6). Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of both compounds to block the dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin. In the IMG cells, RhoA activation with Nogo-P4 or narciclasine (Narc) exacerbated the inflammatory response to the LPS challenge. We utilized a siRNA approach to differentiate ROCK1 and ROCK2 activity during the LPS challenges and showed that the blockade of both proteins may mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of Y27632 and RKI1447. Using previously published data, we show that genes in the RhoA/ROCK signaling cascade are highly upregulated in the neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD) from APP/PS-1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. In addition to illuminating the specific roles of RhoA/ROCK signaling in neuroinflammation, we demonstrate the utility of using IMG cells as a model for primary microglia in cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tobias E. Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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6
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Zhou G, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Li Q, Wang S, Shi H. Manipulation of host immune defenses by effector proteins delivered from multiple secretion systems of Salmonella and its application in vaccine research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152017. [PMID: 37081875 PMCID: PMC10112668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important zoonotic bacterial species and hazardous for the health of human beings and livestock globally. Depending on the host, Salmonella can cause diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening systemic infection. In this review, we discuss the effector proteins used by Salmonella to evade or manipulate four different levels of host immune defenses: commensal flora, intestinal epithelial-mucosal barrier, innate and adaptive immunity. At present, Salmonella has evolved a variety of strategies against host defense mechanisms, among which various effector proteins delivered by the secretory systems play a key role. During its passage through the digestive system, Salmonella has to face the intact intestinal epithelial barrier as well as competition with commensal flora. After invasion of host cells, Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways, ubiquitination and autophagy processes with the help of effector proteins. Finally, Salmonella evades the adaptive immune system by interfering the migration of dendritic cells and interacting with T and B lymphocytes. In conclusion, Salmonella can manipulate multiple aspects of host defense to promote its replication in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qifeng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huoying Shi,
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7
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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8
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Acharya D, Reis R, Volcic M, Liu G, Wang MK, Chia BS, Nchioua R, Groß R, Münch J, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KMJ, Gack MU. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling primes RIG-I-like receptor activation. Cell 2022; 185:3588-3602.e21. [PMID: 36113429 PMCID: PMC9680832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The current dogma of RNA-mediated innate immunity is that sensing of immunostimulatory RNA ligands is sufficient for the activation of intracellular sensors and induction of interferon (IFN) responses. Here, we report that actin cytoskeleton disturbance primes RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) activation. Actin cytoskeleton rearrangement induced by virus infection or commonly used reagents to intracellularly deliver RNA triggers the relocalization of PPP1R12C, a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), from filamentous actin to cytoplasmic RLRs. This allows dephosphorylation-mediated RLR priming and, together with the RNA agonist, induces effective RLR downstream signaling. Genetic ablation of PPP1R12C impairs antiviral responses and enhances susceptibility to infection with several RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, picornavirus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Our work identifies actin cytoskeleton disturbance as a priming signal for RLR-mediated innate immunity, which may open avenues for antiviral or adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Acharya
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rebecca Reis
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - May K Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bing Shao Chia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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9
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Kienes I, Johnston EL, Bitto NJ, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Kufer TA. Bacterial subversion of NLR-mediated immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930882. [PMID: 35967403 PMCID: PMC9367220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mammalian Nod-like receptor (NLR) protein family are important intracellular sensors for bacteria. Bacteria have evolved under the pressure of detection by host immune sensing systems, leading to adaptive subversion strategies to dampen immune responses for their benefits. These include modification of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), interception of innate immune pathways by secreted effector proteins and sophisticated instruction of anti-inflammatory adaptive immune responses. Here, we summarise our current understanding of subversion strategies used by bacterial pathogens to manipulate NLR-mediated responses, focusing on the well-studied members NOD1/2, and the inflammasome forming NLRs NLRC4, and NLRP3. We discuss how bacterial pathogens and their products activate these NLRs to promote inflammation and disease and the range of mechanisms used by bacterial pathogens to evade detection by NLRs and to block or dampen NLR activation to ultimately interfere with the generation of host immunity. Moreover, we discuss how bacteria utilise NLRs to facilitate immunotolerance and persistence in the host and outline how various mechanisms used to attenuate innate immune responses towards bacterial pathogens can also aid the host by reducing immunopathologies. Finally, we describe the therapeutic potential of harnessing immune subversion strategies used by bacteria to treat chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kienes
- Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ella L. Johnston
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie J. Bitto
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas A. Kufer,
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10
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Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) Positively Regulates Neuroinflammation during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0258321. [PMID: 35638852 PMCID: PMC9241932 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02583-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that invades the central nervous system and causes neuroinflammation and extensive neuronal cell death. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is a type of pattern recognition receptor that plays a regulatory role in both bacterial and nonbacterial infections. However, the role of NOD1 in JEV-induced neuroinflammation remains undisclosed. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NOD1 activation on the progression of JEV-induced neuroinflammation using a human astrocytic cell line and NOD1 knockout mice. The results showed that JEV infection upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of NOD1, ultimately leading to an enhanced neuroinflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of NOD1 in cultured cells or mice significantly abrogated the inflammatory response triggered by JEV infection. Moreover, compared to the wild-type mice, the NOD1 knockout mice showed resistance to JEV infection. Mechanistically, the NOD1-mediated neuroinflammatory response was found to be associated with increased expression or activation/phosphorylation of downstream receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIPK2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and NF-κB signaling molecules. Thus, NOD1 targeting could be a therapeutic approach to treat Japanese encephalitis. IMPORTANCE Neuroinflammation is the main pathological manifestation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the most important factor leading to morbidity and death in humans and animals infected by JEV. An in-depth understanding of the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation will contribute to research on JE treatment. This study proved that JEV infection can activate the NOD1-RIPK2 signal cascade to induce neuroinflammation through the proven downstream MAPK, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signal pathway. Thus, our study unveiled NOD1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention for JE.
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11
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Harapas CR, Idiiatullina E, Al-Azab M, Hrovat-Schaale K, Reygaerts T, Steiner A, Laohamonthonkul P, Davidson S, Yu CH, Booty L, Masters SL. Organellar homeostasis and innate immune sensing. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:535-549. [PMID: 35197578 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A cell is delimited by numerous borders that define specific organelles. The walls of some organelles are particularly robust, such as in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, but some are more fluid such as in phase-separated stress granules. Either way, all organelles can be damaged at times, leading their contents to leak out into the surrounding environment. Therefore, an elegant way to construct an innate immune defence system is to recognize host molecules that do not normally reside within a particular compartment. Here, we provide several examples where organellar homeostasis is lost, leading to the activation of a specific innate immune sensor; these include NLRP3 activation owing to a disrupted trans-Golgi network, Pyrin activation due to cytoskeletal damage, and cGAS-STING activation following the leakage of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Frequently, organelle damage is observed downstream of pathogenic infection but it can also occur in sterile settings as associated with auto-inflammatory disease. Therefore, understanding organellar homeostasis is central to efforts that will identify new innate immune pathways, and therapeutics that balance organellar homeostasis, or target the breakdown pathways that trigger innate immune sensors, could be useful treatments for infection and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Harapas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elina Idiiatullina
- Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mahmoud Al-Azab
- Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Reygaerts
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annemarie Steiner
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Structural Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pawat Laohamonthonkul
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chien-Hsiung Yu
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lee Booty
- Immunology Network, Immunology Research Unit, GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Immunology Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Liu Z, Mao X, Dan Z, Pei Y, Xu R, Guo M, Liu K, Zhang F, Chen J, Su C, Zhuang Y, Tang J, Xia Y, Qin L, Hu Z, Liu X. Gene variations in autism spectrum disorder are associated with alteration of gut microbiota, metabolites and cytokines. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-16. [PMID: 33412999 PMCID: PMC7808426 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1854967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic variations and dysbiosis of gut microbiota are associated with ASD. However, the role of the microbiota in the etiology of ASD in terms of host genetic susceptibility remains unclear. This study aims to systematically explore the interplay between host genetic variation and gut microbiota in ASD children. Whole-exon sequencing was applied to 26 ASD children and 26 matched controls to identify the single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in ASD. Our previous study revealed alteration in gut microbiota and disorder of metabolism activity in ASD for this cohort. Systematic bioinformatic analyses were further performed to identify associations between SNVs and gut microbiota, as well as their metabolites. The ASD SNVs were significantly enriched in genes associated with innate immune response, protein glycosylation process, and retrograde axonal transport. These SNVs were also correlated with the microbiome composition and a broad aspect of microbial functions, especially metabolism. Additionally, the abundance of metabolites involved in the metabolic network of neurotransmitters was inferred to be causally related to specific SNVs and microbes. Furthermore, our data suggested that the interaction of host genetics and gut microbes may play a crucial role in the immune and metabolism homeostasis of ASD. This study may provide valuable clues to investigate the interaction of host genetic variations and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhou Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Yang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kangjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junming Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Qin
- Children Growth Center of Bo’ai Homestead in Yixing, Yixing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Najing, China,CONTACT Xingyin Liu State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Gobal Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China
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13
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Arnold C, Ellwanger K, Kufer TA. Analysis of the Localization of NLRs upon Shigella flexneri Infection Exemplified by NOD1. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2421:37-56. [PMID: 34870810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1944-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors, able to respond to conserved microbial structures and endogenous danger signals. The NLR NOD1 responds to bacterial peptidoglycan, leading to recruitment of RIPK2, following activation of NFκB and MAPK pathways. In this chapter, we describe a fluorescent light microscopic approach to analyze the subcellular distribution of NOD1 upon infection with the invasive, Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri. This method is based on exogenously expressed EGFP-tagged NOD1 and describes a protocol to obtain inducible cell lines with functional NOD1 signaling. The described protocol is useful to study NOD1 function, also in living cells, using live cell imaging and can be adopted for the study of other NLR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Arnold
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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14
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Kufer TA, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. A Brief Introduction to Effector-Triggered Immunity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2523:1-8. [PMID: 35759187 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2449-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of microbes by the host is essential to restrict microbial colonization, to clear pathogens, and to mount adapted defense reactions, and thus is the key function of the innate immune systems of plants and mammals. Here we provide an introduction into pathogen recognition by the innate immune system of both plants and animals. We will particularly focus on the concept of effector-triggered immunity, and similarities and differences in its function between plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Pei G, Zyla J, He L, Moura‐Alves P, Steinle H, Saikali P, Lozza L, Nieuwenhuizen N, Weiner J, Mollenkopf H, Ellwanger K, Arnold C, Duan M, Dagil Y, Pashenkov M, Boneca IG, Kufer TA, Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SHE. Cellular stress promotes NOD1/2-dependent inflammation via the endogenous metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106272. [PMID: 33942347 PMCID: PMC8246065 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress has been associated with inflammation, yet precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, various unrelated stress inducers were employed to screen for sensors linking altered cellular homeostasis and inflammation. We identified the intracellular pattern recognition receptors NOD1/2, which sense bacterial peptidoglycans, as general stress sensors detecting perturbations of cellular homeostasis. NOD1/2 activation upon such perturbations required generation of the endogenous metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Unlike peptidoglycan sensing via the leucine-rich repeats domain, cytosolic S1P directly bound to the nucleotide binding domains of NOD1/2, triggering NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses. In sum, we unveiled a hitherto unknown role of NOD1/2 in surveillance of cellular homeostasis through sensing of the cytosolic metabolite S1P. We propose S1P, an endogenous metabolite, as a novel NOD1/2 activator and NOD1/2 as molecular hubs integrating bacterial and metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pei
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Present address:
Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich‐Loeffler‐InstitutGreifswald‐Insel RiemsGermany
| | - Joanna Zyla
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Department of Data Science and EngineeringSilesian University of TechnologyGliwicePoland
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular PhysicsKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pedro Moura‐Alves
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Nuffield Department of MedicineLudwig Institute for Cancer ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Philippe Saikali
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
| | | | - January Weiner
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
| | | | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Christine Arnold
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular PhysicsKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yulia Dagil
- Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut PasteurDepartment of Microbiology, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell WallParisFrance
- CNRS UMR2001Integrative and Molecular MicrobiologyParisFrance
- INSERMÉquipe AVENIRParisFrance
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of ImmunologyFriedrich‐Loeffler‐InstitutGreifswald‐Insel RiemsGermany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stefan HE Kaufmann
- Department of ImmunologyMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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16
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Pei G, Dorhoi A. NOD-Like Receptors: Guards of Cellular Homeostasis Perturbation during Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136714. [PMID: 34201509 PMCID: PMC8268748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system relies on families of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect distinct conserved molecular motifs from microbes to initiate antimicrobial responses. Activation of PRRs triggers a series of signaling cascades, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobials, thereby contributing to the early host defense against microbes and regulating adaptive immunity. Additionally, PRRs can detect perturbation of cellular homeostasis caused by pathogens and fine-tune the immune responses. Among PRRs, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) have attracted particular interest in the context of cellular stress-induced inflammation during infection. Recently, mechanistic insights into the monitoring of cellular homeostasis perturbation by NLRs have been provided. We summarize the current knowledge about the disruption of cellular homeostasis by pathogens and focus on NLRs as innate immune sensors for its detection. We highlight the mechanisms employed by various pathogens to elicit cytoskeleton disruption, organelle stress as well as protein translation block, point out exemplary NLRs that guard cellular homeostasis during infection and introduce the concept of stress-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs). We postulate that integration of information about microbial patterns, danger signals, and SAMPs enables the innate immune system with adequate plasticity and precision in elaborating responses to microbes of variable virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (A.D.)
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17
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Steinle H, Ellwanger K, Mirza N, Briese S, Kienes I, Pfannstiel J, Kufer TA. 14-3-3 and erlin proteins differentially interact with RIPK2 complexes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258137. [PMID: 34152391 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is essential for signal transduction induced by the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 (referred to collectively as NOD1/2). Upon NOD1/2 activation, RIPK2 forms complexes in the cytoplasm of human cells. Here, we identified the molecular composition of these complexes. Infection with Shigella flexneri to activate NOD1-RIPK2 revealed that RIPK2 formed dynamic interactions with several cellular proteins, including A20 (also known as TNFAIP3), erlin-1, erlin-2 and 14-3-3. Whereas interaction of RIPK2 with 14-3-3 proteins was strongly reduced upon infection with Shigella, erlin-1 and erlin-2 (erlin-1/2) specifically bound to RIPK2 complexes. The interaction of these proteins with RIPK2 was validated using protein binding assays and immunofluorescence staining. Beside bacterial activation of NOD1/2, depletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase XIAP and treatment with RIPK2 inhibitors also led to the formation of RIPK2 cytosolic complexes. Although erlin-1/2 were recruited to RIPK2 complexes following XIAP inhibition, these proteins did not associate with RIPK2 structures induced by RIPK2 inhibitors. While the specific recruitment of erlin-1/2 to RIPK2 suggests a role in innate immune signaling, the biological response regulated by the erlin-1/2-RIPK2 association remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nora Mirza
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Selina Briese
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kienes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim Mass Spectrometry Module, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Li C, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang T, Di D, Zhang H, Zhao H, Shen X, Guo J. Protein Nanoparticle-Related Osmotic Pressure Modifies Nonselective Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Increasing Membrane Fluidity. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1663-1680. [PMID: 33688184 PMCID: PMC7935347 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s291286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular tension plays a crucial role in the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in response to lesion stimuli. Tight junction structure could be primarily affected by tension activity. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of extracellular BBB damage on intracellular tension activity, and elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of intracellular protein nanoparticle-related osmotic pressure on BBB permeability. METHODS The intracellular tension for tight junction proteins occludin and ZO1 was evaluated using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension probes and cpstFRET analysis. The changes in mobility ratios of occludin were evaluated via the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) test. The cytoplasmic osmotic pressure (OP) was measured using Osmometer. The count rate of cytoplasmic nanoparticles was detected by Nanosight NS300. The activation of cofilin and stathmin was examined by Western blot analysis. The BBB permeability in vivo was determined via the changes of Evans Blue (EB) injected into SD rats. The tight junction formation was assessed by the measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Intracellular calcium or chloride ions were measured using Fluo-4 AM or MQAE dyes. RESULTS BBB lesions were accompanied by changes in occludin/ZO1 tension. Increases in intracellular osmotic pressure were involved in alteration of BBB permeability, possibly through the depolymerization of microfilaments or microtubules and mass production of protein nanoparticles according to the Donnan effect. Recovery of protein nanoparticle-related osmotic pressure could effectively reverse the effects of changes in occludin/ZO1 tension under BBB lesions. Outward tension of intracellular osmotic potential also caused upregulation of membrane fluidity, which promoted nonselective drug influx. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a crucial mechanical mechanism underlying BBB lesions, and protein nanoparticle-related osmotic pressure could be a novel therapeutic target for BBB lesion-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - LinLin Chen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuanYuan Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - TingTing Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Di
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - HuanHuan Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Shen
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Science and Technology Experimental Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Kienes I, Weidl T, Mirza N, Chamaillard M, Kufer TA. Role of NLRs in the Regulation of Type I Interferon Signaling, Host Defense and Tolerance to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1301. [PMID: 33525590 PMCID: PMC7865845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon signaling contributes to the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to either viruses, fungi, or bacteria. However, amplitude and timing of the interferon response is of utmost importance for preventing an underwhelming outcome, or tissue damage. While several pathogens evolved strategies for disturbing the quality of interferon signaling, there is growing evidence that this pathway can be regulated by several members of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, although the precise mechanism for most of these remains elusive. NLRs consist of a family of about 20 proteins in mammals, which are capable of sensing microbial products as well as endogenous signals related to tissue injury. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the function of those NLRs in type I interferon responses with a focus on viral infections. We discuss how NLR-mediated type I interferon regulation can influence the development of auto-immunity and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kienes
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Tanja Weidl
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Nora Mirza
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (I.K.); (T.W.); (N.M.)
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20
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Luo W, Wang J, Yu X, Zhou Y, Tong J. Comparative transcriptome analyses and identification of candidate genes involved in vertebral abnormality of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100752. [PMID: 33126027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Body deformity occurs both in wild and farmed fishes, which is one of the most challenging problems for aquaculture industry. In most cases, such body deformities are linked to skeletal deformities. Currently, very limited information is available on skeletal deformities of farmed fish species which may be caused by genetic factor. In this study, we performed muscle and vertebra transcriptome analyses in body deformity and normality of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (from one meiotic gynogenesis family) using RNA-Seq. A total of 43,923 and 44,416 unigenes were predicted in muscles and vertebrae, respectively. Based on these data, we further explored the gene expression profiles in gynogenetic normal and abnormal bighead carp. No differentially expressed gene (DEG) was found in transcriptome data of muscles. Totally, 20 key DEGs were identified in transcriptome data of vertebrae, such as low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 (lrp2), bone morphogenetic protein 2B (bmp2b) and collagen alpha-1(IV) (col4a1). 12 potential pathways were also identified in vertebra transcriptome data, which were mainly involved in development, growth, cytoskeleton and energy metabolism, such as MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Results of this study will be informative for the understanding of genetic mechanisms for body shape formation and also provide potential candidate genes for selection program involved in body shape and skeletal development in H. nobilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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21
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Lopes Fischer N, Naseer N, Shin S, Brodsky IE. Effector-triggered immunity and pathogen sensing in metazoans. Nat Microbiol 2019; 5:14-26. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Martínez-Torres RJ, Chamaillard M. The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2648. [PMID: 31803185 PMCID: PMC6877504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 belong to the family of intracellular Nod-like receptors (NLRs) that are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and host defense against bacteria and some viruses. When sensing such microbes, those NLRs act as hitherto scaffolding proteins for activating multiple downstream inflammatory signaling pathways to promote the production of cytokines and chemokines that are ultimately important for pathogen clearance. In recent years, substantial advances have been made on our understanding of a contextual series of intracellular processes that regulate such group of innate immune molecules, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Specifically, we will herein discuss those recently described posttranslational modifications of either NOD1 or NOD2 that fundamentally contribute to the robustness of protective responses within specific tissues through either internal domain association or external interactions with various proteins. From a public health perspective, it is then anticipated that a better understanding how genetic mutations and deregulation of these activating and repressing mechanisms might break down in diseases would open up new therapeutic avenues for humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Julio Martínez-Torres
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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23
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Freitag-Wolf S, Munz M, Wiehe R, Junge O, Graetz C, Jockel-Schneider Y, Staufenbiel I, Bruckmann C, Lieb W, Franke A, Loos B, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer A. Smoking Modifies the Genetic Risk for Early-Onset Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1332-1339. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519875443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has low-prevalence, highly severe disease manifestations with an early onset and rapid progression. The diagnosis is based on severe destruction of the alveolar bone in adolescents and young adults. Genetic susceptibility variants and smoking are well-established risk factors, but their interactions in modifying disease susceptibility have not been studied. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants of early-onset periodontitis that unmask their effects on tobacco smoke exposure. To this end, we analyzed 79,780,573 common variants in 741 northwest Europeans diagnosed to have >30% bone loss at >2 teeth before 35 y of age, using imputed genotypes of the OmniExpress BeadChip. Never versus ever smokers were compared in a logistic regression analysis via a case-only approach. To explore the effect of tobacco smoke on the expression of the G×S-associated genes, cultures of primary gingival fibroblasts ( n = 9) were exposed to cigarette smoke extract, and transcripts were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We identified 16 loci for which our analysis suggested an association with G×S increased disease risk ( P < 5 × 10−5). Nine loci had previously been reported to be associated with spirometric measures of pulmonary function by an earlier G×S genome-wide association study. Genome-wide significant cis expression quantitative trait loci were reported for G×S-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms at ST8SIA1 and SOST, indicating a causal role of these genes in tobacco-related etiopathology. Notably, SOST is a negative regulator of bone growth, and ST8SIA1 has a role in tissue remodeling. Cigarette smoke extract significantly altered the expression of 2 associated genes: SSH1 ( P = 5 × 10−07), which is required for NF-κB activation and innate immune responses to bacterial invasion, and ST8SIA1 ( P = 0.0048). We conclude that the genetic predisposition to early-onset periodontitis is in part triggered by smoking and that tobacco smoke directly affects the expression of genes involved in bone homeostasis, tissue repair, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Germany
| | - M. Munz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - R. Wiehe
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Junge
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Germany
| | - C. Graetz
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Y. Jockel-Schneider
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University Medical Center of the Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Staufenbiel
- Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C. Bruckmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - B.G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. Jepsen
- Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–University Medicine Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Mukherjee T, Hovingh ES, Foerster EG, Abdel-Nour M, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammation, immunity and disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 670:69-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Williams HC, Ma J, Weiss D, Lassègue B, Sutliff R, Martín AS. The cofilin phosphatase slingshot homolog 1 restrains angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo. J Transl Med 2019; 99:399-410. [PMID: 30291325 PMCID: PMC6442944 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual specificity phosphatase slingshot homolog 1 (SSH1) contributes to actin remodeling by dephosphorylating and activating the actin-severing protein cofilin. The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in chronic hypertension and the subsequent mechano-adaptive rearrangement of vessel wall components. Therefore, using a novel Ssh1-/- mouse model, we investigated the potential role of SSH1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, and vascular remodeling. We found that loss of SSH1 did not produce overt phenotypic changes and that baseline blood pressures as well as heart rates were comparable between Ssh1+/+ and Ssh1-/- mice. Although 14 days of Ang II treatment equally increased systolic blood pressure in both genotypes, histological assessment of aortic samples indicated that medial thickening was exacerbated by the loss of SSH1. Consequently, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR analysis of the transcripts from Ang II-infused animals confirmed increased aortic expression levels of fibronectin, and osteopontin in Ssh1-/- when compared to wild-type mice. Mechanistically, our data suggest that fibrosis in SSH1-deficient mice occurs by a process that involves aberrant responses to Ang II-induced TGFβ1. Taken together, our work indicates that Ang II-dependent fibrotic gene expression and vascular remodeling, but not the Ang II-induced pressor response, are modulated by SSH1-mediated signaling pathways and SSH1 activity is protective against Ang II-induced remodeling in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roy Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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26
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Li P, Day B. Battlefield Cytoskeleton: Turning the Tide on Plant Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:25-34. [PMID: 30355064 PMCID: PMC6326859 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0195-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system comprises a complex network of signaling processes, regulated not only by classically defined immune components (e.g., resistance genes) but also by a suite of developmental, environmental, abiotic, and biotic-associated factors. In total, it is the sum of these interactions-the connectivity to a seemingly endless array of environments-that ensures proper activation, and control, of a system that is responsible for cell surveillance and response to threats presented by invading pests and pathogens. Over the past decade, the field of plant pathology has witnessed the discovery of numerous points of convergence between immunity, growth, and development, as well as overlap with seemingly disparate processes such as those that underpin plant response to changes in the environment. Toward defining how immune signaling is regulated, recent studies have focused on dissecting the mechanisms that underpin receptor-ligand interactions, phospho-regulation of signaling cascades, and the modulation of host gene expression during infection. As one of the major regulators of these immune signaling cascades, the plant cytoskeleton is the stage from which immune-associated processes are mobilized and oriented and, in this role, it controls the movement of the organelles, proteins, and chemical signals that support plant defense signaling. In short, the cytoskeleton is the battlefield from which pathogens and plants volley virulence and resistance, transforming resistance to susceptibility. Herein, we discuss the role of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton as a platform for the function of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Li
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Michigan State University Plant Resilience Institute, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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27
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Jamilloux Y, Magnotti F, Belot A, Henry T. The pyrin inflammasome: from sensing RhoA GTPases-inhibiting toxins to triggering autoinflammatory syndromes. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4956042. [PMID: 29718184 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens including Clostridium difficile and Yersinia pestis have evolved toxins or effectors targeting GTPases from the RhoA subfamily (RhoA/B/C) to inhibit or hijack the host cytoskeleton dynamics. The resulting impairment of RhoA GTPases activity is sensed by the host via an innate immune complex termed the pyrin inflammasome in which caspase-1 is activated. The cascade leading to activation of the pyrin inflammasome has been recently uncovered. In this review, following a brief presentation of RhoA GTPases-modulating toxins, we present the pyrin inflammasome and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss how some pathogens have developed strategies to escape detection by the pyrin inflammasome. Finally, we present five monogenic autoinflammatory diseases associated with pyrin inflammasome deregulation. The molecular insights provided by the study of these diseases and the corresponding mutations on pyrin inflammasome regulation and activation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Jamilloux
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Departement de Médecine Interne, Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69004 Lyon, France
| | - Flora Magnotti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.,Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie, Dermatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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28
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Yang D, Xiao P, Li Q, Fu X, Pan C, Lu D, Wen S, Xia W, He D, Li H, Fang H, Shen Y, Xu Z, Lin A, Wang C, Yu X, Wu J, Sun J. Allosteric modulation of the catalytic VYD loop in Slingshot by its N-terminal domain underlies both Slingshot auto-inhibition and activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16226-16241. [PMID: 30154244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Slingshots are phosphatases that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics, and their activities are tightly regulated in different physiological contexts. Recently, abnormally elevated Slingshot activity has been implicated in many human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular diseases. Therefore, Slingshot-specific inhibitors have therapeutic potential. However, an enzymological understanding of the catalytic mechanism of Slingshots and of their activation by actin is lacking. Here, we report that the N-terminal region of human Slingshot2 auto-inhibits its phosphatase activity in a noncompetitive manner. pH-dependent phosphatase assays and leaving-group dependence studies suggested that the N-terminal domain of Slingshot2 regulates the stability of the leaving group of the product during catalysis by modulating the general acid Asp361 in the catalytic VYD loop. F-actin binding relieved this auto-inhibition and restored the function of the general acid. Limited tryptic digestion and biophysical studies identified large conformational changes in Slingshot2 after the F-actin binding. The dissociation of N-terminal structural elements, including Leu63, and the exposure of the loop between α-helix-2 and β-sheet-3 of the phosphatase domain served as the structural basis for Slingshot activation via F-actin binding in vitro and via neuregulin stimulation in cells. Moreover, we designed a FlAsH-BRET-based Slingshot2 biosensor whose readout was highly correlated with the in vivo phosphatase activities of Slingshot2. Our results reveal the auto-inhibitory mechanism and allosteric activation mechanisms of a human Slingshot phosphatase. They also contribute to the design of new strategies to study Slingshot regulation in various cellular contexts and to screen for new activators/inhibitors of Slingshot activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duxiao Yang
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Peng Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qing Li
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaolei Fu
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Chang Pan
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Di Lu
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Shishuai Wen
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wanying Xia
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Dongfang He
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hui Li
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- the School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250003, China
| | - Amy Lin
- the School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | - Chuan Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and .,the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, and.,the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zimmermann S, Pfannkuch L, Al-Zeer MA, Bartfeld S, Koch M, Liu J, Rechner C, Soerensen M, Sokolova O, Zamyatina A, Kosma P, Mäurer AP, Glowinski F, Pleissner KP, Schmid M, Brinkmann V, Karlas A, Naumann M, Rother M, Machuy N, Meyer TF. ALPK1- and TIFA-Dependent Innate Immune Response Triggered by the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2384-2395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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30
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Baker PJ, De Nardo D, Moghaddas F, Tran LS, Bachem A, Nguyen T, Hayman T, Tye H, Vince JE, Bedoui S, Ferrero RL, Masters SL. Posttranslational Modification as a Critical Determinant of Cytoplasmic Innate Immune Recognition. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1165-1209. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface innate immune receptors can directly detect a variety of extracellular pathogens to which cytoplasmic innate immune sensors are rarely exposed. Instead, within the cytoplasm, the environment is rife with cellular machinery and signaling pathways that are indirectly perturbed by pathogenic microbes to activate intracellular sensors, such as pyrin, NLRP1, NLRP3, or NLRC4. Therefore, subtle changes in key intracellular processes such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and other pathways leading to posttranslational protein modification are key determinants of innate immune recognition in the cytoplasm. This concept is critical to establish the “guard hypothesis” whereby otherwise homeostatic pathways that keep innate immune sensors at bay are released in response to alterations in their posttranslational modification status. Originally identified in plants, evidence that a similar guardlike mechanism exists in humans has recently been identified, whereby a mutation that prevents phosphorylation of the innate immune sensor pyrin triggers a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease. It is also noteworthy that even when a cytoplasmic innate immune sensor has a direct ligand, such as bacterial peptidoglycan (NOD1 or NOD2), RNA (RIG-I or MDA5), or DNA (cGAS or IFI16), it can still be influenced by posttranslational modification to dramatically alter its response. Therefore, due to their existence in the cytoplasmic milieu, posttranslational modification is a key determinant of intracellular innate immune receptor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas Hayman
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hazel Tye
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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31
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Bist P, Cheong WS, Ng A, Dikshit N, Kim BH, Pulloor NK, Khameneh HJ, Hedl M, Shenoy AR, Balamuralidhar V, Malik NBA, Hong M, Neutzner A, Chin KC, Kobayashi KS, Bertoletti A, Mortellaro A, Abraham C, MacMicking JD, Xavier RJ, Sukumaran B. E3 Ubiquitin ligase ZNRF4 negatively regulates NOD2 signalling and induces tolerance to MDP. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15865. [PMID: 28656966 PMCID: PMC5493756 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal regulation of the innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is essential for controlling bacterial infections and inflammatory disorders. Chronic NOD2 stimulation induces non-responsiveness to restimulation, termed NOD2-induced tolerance. Although the levels of the NOD2 adaptor, RIP2, are reported to regulate both acute and chronic NOD2 signalling, how RIP2 levels are modulated is unclear. Here we show that ZNRF4 induces K48-linked ubiquitination of RIP2 and promotes RIP2 degradation. A fraction of RIP2 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it interacts with ZNRF4 under either 55 unstimulated and muramyl dipeptide-stimulated conditions. Znrf4 knockdown monocytes have sustained nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, and Znrf4 knockdown mice have reduced NOD2-induced tolerance and more effective control of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Our results thus demonstrate E3-ubiquitin ligase ZNRF4-mediated RIP2 degradation as a negative regulatory mechanism of NOD2-induced NF-κB, cytokine and anti-bacterial responses in vitro and in vivo, and identify a ZNRF4-RIP2 axis of fine-tuning NOD2 signalling to promote protective host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bist
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wan Shoo Cheong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Aylwin Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Neha Dikshit
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Bae-Hoon Kim
- HHMI, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 065207, USA
| | - Niyas Kudukkil Pulloor
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Avinash R. Shenoy
- HHMI, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 065207, USA
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Armstrong Rd, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Najib Bin Abdul Malik
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Michelle Hong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Keh-Chuang Chin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Koichi S. Kobayashi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Centre, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, USA
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - John D. MacMicking
- HHMI, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 065207, USA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bindu Sukumaran
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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32
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Neuper T, Ellwanger K, Schwarz H, Kufer TA, Duschl A, Horejs-Hoeck J. NOD1 modulates IL-10 signalling in human dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1005. [PMID: 28432285 PMCID: PMC5430717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD1 belongs to the family of NOD-like receptors, which is a group of well-characterised, cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. The best-studied function of NOD-like receptors is their role in generating immediate pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses by detecting specific bacterial peptidoglycans or by responding to cellular stress and danger-associated molecules. The present study describes a regulatory, peptidoglycan-independent function of NOD1 in anti-inflammatory immune responses. We report that, in human dendritic cells, NOD1 balances IL-10-induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation by a SOCS2-dependent mechanism, thereby suppressing the tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype. Based on these findings, we propose that NOD1 contributes to inflammation not only by promoting pro-inflammatory processes, but also by suppressing anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Neuper
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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33
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Alhadidi Q, Shah ZA. Cofilin Mediates LPS-Induced Microglial Cell Activation and Associated Neurotoxicity Through Activation of NF-κB and JAK-STAT Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1676-1691. [PMID: 28194647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are activated in response to different types of injuries or stress in the CNS. Such activation is necessary to get rid of the injurious agents and restore tissue homeostasis. However, excessive activation of microglial cells is harmful and contributes to secondary injury. Pertinently, microglial cell activity was targeted in many preclinical and clinical studies but such strategy failed in clinical trials. The main reason behind the failed attempts is the complexity of the injury mechanisms which needs either a combination therapy or targeting a process that is involved in multiple pathways. Cofilin is a cytoskeleton-associated protein involved in actin dynamics. In our previous study, we demonstrated the role of cofilin in mediating neuronal apoptosis during OGD conditions. Previous studies on microglia have shown the involvement of cofilin in ROS formation and phagocytosis. However, additional studies are needed to delineate the role of cofilin in microglial cell activation. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the role of cofilin in LPS-induced microglial cell activation using cofilin siRNA knockdown paradigms. The viability of differentiated PC12 cells was used as a measure of the neurotoxic potential of conditioned medium derived from cofilin siRNA-transfected and LPS-activated microglial cells. Cofilin knockdown significantly inhibited LPS-induced microglial cell activation through NF-κB and JAK-STAT pathways. The release of proinflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2) as well as microglial proliferation and migration rates were significantly reduced by cofilin knockdown. Furthermore, differentiated PC12 cells were protected from the neurotoxicity induced by conditioned medium derived from cofilin-transfected and LPS-activated microglial cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cofilin is involved in the cascade of microglial cell activation and further validates our previous study on cofilin's role in mediating neuronal apoptosis. Together, our results suggest that cofilin could present a common target in neurons and microglial cells and might prove to be a promising therapy for different brain injury mechanisms including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Alhadidi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Diyala Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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34
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Williams ED, Rogers SC, Zhang X, Azhar G, Wei JY. p49/STRAP, a Serum Response Factor Binding Protein (SRFBP1), Is Involved in the Redistribution of Cytoskeletal F-Actin Proteins during Glucose Deprivation. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1142-1150. [PMID: 29188873 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional decline that usually accompanies adult aging also encompasses cellular changes including cytoplasmic architecture. In addition to their role in cytoskeletal structure, actin microfilaments have important roles in various cellular processes, including cell-to-cell communication and intracellular signaling. Age-related diseases and late-stage cellular morphological appearances often correlate with altered f-actin structure, which has been observed most notably in cancer. What remains less clear are the molecular pathways that may be involved in normal and premature aging-induced f-actin changes. We report herein that p49/STRAP, a serum response factor binding protein (SRFBP1), is increased with normal aging and appears to be sensitive to low glucose-exposure. Our study results suggest that increased levels of p49/STRAP expression tend to correlate with f-actin redistribution genes, particularly cofilin, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of p49/STRAP resulted in a reduction of thymosin-β4. Furthermore, with the redistribution of f-actin, we observed an increase in the intermediate filament vimentin, compatible with the notion that vimentin may be increased due to its greater role in cytoskeletal dynamics during advancing population doubling levels (PDLs) and in response to a low-glucose exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that p49/STRAP may play a role in glucose-deprivation associated cytoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Williams
- Jeanne Y. Wei, M.D., Ph.D, Reynolds Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #748, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Phone: (501) 526-6800, Fax: (501) 686-5300,
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35
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Li KS, Xiao P, Zhang DL, Hou XB, Ge L, Yang DX, Liu HD, He DF, Chen X, Han KR, Song XY, Yu X, Fang H, Sun JP. Identification of para-Substituted Benzoic Acid Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of the Protein Phosphatase Slingshot. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1980-7. [PMID: 26553423 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Slingshot proteins form a small group of dual-specific phosphatases that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics through dephosphorylation of cofilin and Lim kinases (LIMK). Small chemical compounds with Slingshot-inhibiting activities have therapeutic potential against cancers or infectious diseases. However, only a few Slingshot inhibitors have been investigated and reported, and their cellular activities have not been examined. In this study, we identified two rhodanine-scaffold-based para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives as competitive Slingshot inhibitors. The top compound, (Z)-4-((4-((4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)methyl)benzoic acid (D3) had an inhibition constant (Ki) of around 4 μm and displayed selectivity over a panel of other phosphatases. Moreover, compound D3 inhibited cell migration and cofilin dephosphorylation after nerve growth factor (NGF) or angiotensin II stimulation. Therefore, our newly identified Slingshot inhibitors provide a starting point for developing Slingshot-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-shuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dao-lai Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xu-Ben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Du-xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong-da Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dong-fang He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ke-rui Han
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiao-yuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jin-peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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36
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The cytoskeleton in cell-autonomous immunity: structural determinants of host defence. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:559-73. [PMID: 26292640 DOI: 10.1038/nri3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host cells use antimicrobial proteins, pathogen-restrictive compartmentalization and cell death in their defence against intracellular pathogens. Recent work has revealed that four components of the cytoskeleton--actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments and septins, which are well known for their roles in cell division, shape and movement--have important functions in innate immunity and cellular self-defence. Investigations using cellular and animal models have shown that these cytoskeletal proteins are crucial for sensing bacteria and for mobilizing effector mechanisms to eliminate them. In this Review, we highlight the emerging roles of the cytoskeleton as a structural determinant of cell-autonomous host defence.
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Boyle JP, Parkhouse R, Monie TP. Insights into the molecular basis of the NOD2 signalling pathway. Open Biol 2015; 4:rsob.140178. [PMID: 25520185 PMCID: PMC4281710 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic pattern recognition receptor NOD2 is activated by the peptidoglycan fragment muramyl dipeptide to generate a proinflammatory immune response. Downstream effects include the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 8, the upregulation of pro-interleukin 1β, the induction of autophagy, the production of antimicrobial peptides and defensins, and contributions to the maintenance of the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Polymorphisms in NOD2 are the cause of the inflammatory disorder Blau syndrome and act as susceptibility factors for the inflammatory bowel condition Crohn's disease. The complexity of NOD2 signalling is highlighted by the observation that over 30 cellular proteins interact with NOD2 directly and influence or regulate its functional activity. Previously, the majority of reviews on NOD2 function have focused upon the role of NOD2 in inflammatory disease or in its interaction with and response to microbes. However, the functionality of NOD2 is underpinned by its biochemical interactions. Consequently, in this review, we have taken the opportunity to address the more ‘basic’ elements of NOD2 signalling. In particular, we have focused upon the core interactions of NOD2 with protein factors that influence and modulate the signal transduction pathways involved in NOD2 signalling. Further, where information exists, such as in relation to the role of RIP2, we have drawn comparison with the closely related, but functionally discrete, pattern recognition receptor NOD1. Overall, we provide a comprehensive resource targeted at understanding the complexities of NOD2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Boyle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tom P Monie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, UK
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38
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Tir Triggers Expression of CXCL1 in Enterocytes and Neutrophil Recruitment during Citrobacter rodentium Infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3342-54. [PMID: 26077760 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00291-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection are formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on mucosal surfaces and actin-rich pedestals on cultured cells, both of which are dependent on the type III secretion system effector Tir. Following translocation into cultured cells and clustering by intimin, Tir Y474 is phosphorylated, leading to recruitment of Nck, activation of N-WASP, and actin polymerization via the Arp2/3 complex. A secondary, weak, actin polymerization pathway is triggered via an NPY motif (Y454). Importantly, Y454 and Y474 play no role in A/E lesion formation on mucosal surfaces following infection with the EPEC-like mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. In this study, we investigated the roles of Tir segments located upstream of Y451 and downstream of Y471 in C. rodentium colonization and A/E lesion formation. We also tested the role that Tir residues Y451 and Y471 play in host immune responses to C. rodentium infection. We found that deletion of amino acids 382 to 462 or 478 to 547 had no impact on the ability of Tir to mediate A/E lesion formation, although deletion of amino acids 478 to 547 affected Tir translocation. Examination of enterocytes isolated from infected mice revealed that a C. rodentium strain expressing Tir_Y451A/Y471A recruited significantly fewer neutrophils to the colon and triggered less colonic hyperplasia on day 14 postinfection than the wild-type strain. Consistently, enterocytes isolated from mice infected with C. rodentium expressing Tir_Y451A/Y471A expressed significantly less CXCL1. These result show that Tir-induced actin remodeling plays a direct role in modulation of immune responses to C. rodentium infection.
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39
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Sellge G, Kufer TA. PRR-signaling pathways: Learning from microbial tactics. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:75-84. [PMID: 25911384 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of bacterial pathogens by the mammalian host relies on the induction of early innate immune responses initiated by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) upon sensing of their cognate microbe-associated-patterns (MAMPs). Successful pathogens have evolved to intercept PRR activation and signaling at multiple steps. The molecular dissection of the underlying mechanisms revealed many of the basic mechanisms used by the immune system. Here we provide an overview of the different strategies used by bacterial pathogens and commensals to subvert and reprogram PPR-mediated innate immune responses. A particular attention is given to recent discoveries highlighting novel molecular details of the host inflammatory response in mammalian cells and current advances in our understanding of the interaction of commensals with PRR-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Sellge
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Zheng K, Kitazato K, Wang Y, He Z. Pathogenic microbes manipulate cofilin activity to subvert actin cytoskeleton. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:677-95. [PMID: 25853495 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins are key players in controlling the temporal and spatial extent of actin dynamics, which is crucial for mediating host-pathogen interactions. Pathogenic microbes have evolved molecular mechanisms to manipulate cofilin activity to subvert the actin cytoskeletal system in host cells, promoting their internalization into the target cells, modifying the replication niche and facilitating their intracellular and intercellular dissemination. The study of how these pathogens exploit cofilin pathways is crucial for understanding infectious disease and providing potential targets for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China .,c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- b Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan , and
| | - Yifei Wang
- c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhendan He
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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