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Covello C, Becherucci G, Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Pizzoferrato M, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F, Mentella MC. Parenteral Nutrition, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Gut Barrier: An Intricate Plot. Nutrients 2024; 16:2288. [PMID: 39064731 PMCID: PMC11279609 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition poses a critical challenge in inflammatory bowel disease, with the potential to detrimentally impact medical treatment, surgical outcomes, and general well-being. Parenteral nutrition is crucial in certain clinical scenarios, such as with patients suffering from short bowel syndrome, intestinal insufficiency, high-yielding gastrointestinal fistula, or complete small bowel obstruction, to effectively manage malnutrition. Nevertheless, research over the years has attempted to define the potential effects of parenteral nutrition on the intestinal barrier and the composition of the gut microbiota. In this narrative review, we have gathered and analyzed findings from both preclinical and clinical studies on this topic. Based on existing evidence, there is a clear correlation between short- and long-term parenteral nutrition and negative effects on the intestinal system. These include mucosal atrophic damage and immunological and neuroendocrine dysregulation, as well as alterations in gut barrier permeability and microbiota composition. However, the mechanistic role of these changes in inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. Therefore, further research is necessary to effectively address the numerous gaps and unanswered questions pertaining to these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Covello
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Guia Becherucci
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Di Vincenzo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Pizzoferrato
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.C.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.S.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mentella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Santos EA, Silva JL, Leocádio PCL, Andrade MER, Queiroz-Junior CM, Oliveira NSS, Alves JL, Oliveira JS, Aguilar EC, Boujour K, Cogliati B, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SO, Faria AMC, Alvarez-Leite JI. Cutaneous Application of Capsaicin Cream Reduces Clinical Signs of Experimental Colitis and Repairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Tight Junction Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2143-2153. [PMID: 39022369 PMCID: PMC11249629 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Capsaicin, a pungent compound in chili peppers, is described as having potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is also described as a potential modulator of the immune system and intestinal microbiota. Oral or rectal administration of capsaicin has been studied to treat or prevent colitis. However, those vias are often not well accepted due to the burning sensation that capsaicin can cause. Our objective was to evaluate whether the application of capsaicin skin creams (0.075%) would be effective in improving inflammation and epithelial barrier function as well as the composition of the gut microbiota in a model of mild colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (1.5%). The results showed that the cutaneous application of capsaicin reversed weight loss and decreased colon shortening and diarrhea, all typical signs of colitis. There was also an improvement in the intestinal epithelial barrier, preserving proteins from tight junctions. We also evaluated the biodistribution of 99mtechnetium-radiolabeled capsaicin (99mTc-CAPS) applied to the back skin of the animals. We found significant concentrations of 99 mTc-Cap in the colon and small intestine after 2 and 4 h of administration. In addition, there was an increased expression of capsaicin receptor TRPV1 in the colon. Moreover, animals with colitis receiving cutaneous capsaicin presented a better short-chain fatty acid profile and increased levels of SIgA, suggesting increased microbiota diversity. In conclusion, our work opens avenues for further studies to better understand capsaicin's potential benefits and mechanisms in addressing colitis through cutaneous application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elandia A. Santos
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Janayne L. Silva
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paola C. L. Leocádio
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia R. Andrade
- Departamento
de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento
de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas—(UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nathan S. S. Oliveira
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana L. Alves
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jamil S. Oliveira
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Edenil C. Aguilar
- Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New
York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kennedy Boujour
- Departamento
de Patologia Animal, Universidade de São
Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
- Department
of Cellular Biology and Infection, Unity of Biochemistry Membrane
and Transport, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75724, France
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Departamento
de Patologia Animal, Universidade de São
Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Valbert N. Cardoso
- Departamento
de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Simone Odilia
A. Fernandes
- Departamento
de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria C. Faria
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento
de Bioquímica e Imunologia—Instituto de Ciências
Biológicas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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Chenxing W, Jie S, Yajuan T, Ting L, Yuying Z, Suhong C, Guiyuan L. The rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz improve gastrointestinal health and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant mice via modulating intestinal barrier and water-fluid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117971. [PMID: 38403003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baizhu (BZ) is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Compositae), which invigorates the spleen, improves vital energy, stabilizes the fetus, and is widely used for treating spleen deficiency syndrome. However, the impact of BZ on gastrointestinal function during pregnancy remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study elucidated the ameliorative effects of BZ on gastrointestinal health and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant mice with spleen deficiency diarrhea (SDD). METHODS To simulate an irregular human diet and overconsumption of cold and bitter foods leading to SDD, a model of pregnant mice with SDD was established using an alternate-day fasting and high-fat diet combined with oral administration of Sennae Folium. During the experiment, general indicators and diarrhea-related parameters were measured. Gastric and intestinal motility (small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying rates) were evaluated. Serum motilin (MTL), ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), gastrin (Gas), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), chorionic gonadotropin β (β-CG), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E2) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and alcian blue periodic acid Schiff staining (AB-PAS). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression levels of the intestinal barrier and water metabolism-related proteins in colonic tissues. The pregnancy rate, ovarian organ coefficient, uterus with fetus organ coefficient, small size, average fetal weight, and body length of fetal mice were calculated. RESULTS The results showed that BZ significantly improved general indicators and diarrhea in pregnant mice with SDD, increased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate, elevated the levels of gastrointestinal hormones (AMS, ghrelin, GH, and Gas) in the serum, and reduced lipid levels (TC and LDL-c). It also improved colonic tissue morphology, increased the number of goblet cells, and promoted the mRNA and protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8 in colonic tissues, downregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-2, thereby alleviating intestinal barrier damage and regulating the balance of water and fluid metabolism. BZ also held the levels of pregnancy hormones (β-CG, P, and E2) in the serum of pregnant mice with SDD. Moreover, it increased the pregnancy rate, ovarian organ coefficient, uterus with fetus organ coefficient, litter size, average fetal weight, and body length of fetal mice. These findings indicate that BZ can improve spleen deficiency-related symptoms in pregnant mice before and during pregnancy, regulate pregnancy-related hormones, and improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chenxing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Su Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tian Yajuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Li Ting
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Yuying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen Suhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lv Guiyuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Wang Z, Shen J. The role of goblet cells in Crohn' s disease. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38561835 PMCID: PMC10985922 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis of CD is hypothesized to be related to environmental, genetic, immunological, and bacterial factors. Current studies have indicated that intestinal epithelial cells, including columnar, Paneth, M, tuft, and goblet cells dysfunctions, are strongly associated with these pathogenic factors. In particular, goblet cells dysfunctions have been shown to be related to CD pathogenesis by direct or indirect ways, according to the emerging studies. The mucus barrier was established with the help of mucins secreted by goblet cells. Not only do the mucins mediate the mucus barrier permeability and bacterium selection, but also, they are closely linked with the endothelial reticulum stress during the synthesis process. Goblet cells also play a vital role in immune response. It was indicated that goblet cells take part in the antigen presentation and cytokines secretion process. Disrupted goblet cells related immune process were widely discovered in CD patients. Meanwhile, dysbiosis of commensal and pathogenic microbiota can induce myriad immune responses through mucus and goblet cell-associated antigen passage. Microbiome dysbiosis lead to inflammatory reaction against pathogenic bacteria and abnormal tolerogenic response. All these three pathways, including the loss of mucus barrier function, abnormal immune reaction, and microbiome dysbiosis, may have independent or cooperative effect on the CD pathogenesis. However, many of the specific mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. Based on the current understandings of goblet cell's role in CD pathogenesis, substances including butyrate, PPARγagonist, Farnesoid X receptor agonist, nuclear factor-Kappa B, nitrate, cytokines mediators, dietary and nutrient therapies were all found to have potential therapeutic effects on CD by regulating the goblet cells mediated pathways. Several monoclonal antibodies already in use for the treatment of CD in the clinical settings were also found to have some goblet cells related therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the disease-related functions of goblet cells, their relationship with CD, their possible mechanisms, and current CD treatments targeting goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baoshan Branch, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, No.160 PuJian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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5
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Forsyth CB, Shaikh M, Engen PA, Preuss F, Naqib A, Palmen BA, Green SJ, Zhang L, Bogin ZR, Lawrence K, Sharma D, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A. Evidence that the loss of colonic anti-microbial peptides may promote dysbiotic Gram-negative inflammaging-associated bacteria in aging mice. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1352299. [PMID: 38501032 PMCID: PMC10945560 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1352299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Aging studies in humans and mice have played a key role in understanding the intestinal microbiome and an increased abundance of "inflammaging" Gram-negative (Gn) bacteria. The mechanisms underlying this inflammatory profile in the aging microbiome are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that an aging-related decrease in colonic crypt epithelial cell anti-microbial peptide (AMP) gene expression could promote colonic microbiome inflammatory Gn dysbiosis and inflammaging. Methods: As a model of aging, C57BL/6J mice fecal (colonic) microbiota (16S) and isolated colonic crypt epithelial cell gene expression (RNA-seq) were assessed at 2 months (mth) (human: 18 years old; yo), 15 mth (human: 50 yo), and 25 mth (human: 84 yo). Informatics examined aging-related microbial compositions, differential colonic crypt epithelial cell gene expressions, and correlations between colonic bacteria and colonic crypt epithelial cell gene expressions. Results: Fecal microbiota exhibited significantly increased relative abundances of pro-inflammatory Gn bacteria with aging. Colonic crypt epithelial cell gene expression analysis showed significant age-related downregulation of key AMP genes that repress the growth of Gn bacteria. The aging-related decrease in AMP gene expressions is significantly correlated with an increased abundance in Gn bacteria (dysbiosis), loss of colonic barrier gene expression, and senescence- and inflammation-related gene expression. Conclusion: This study supports the proposed model that aging-related loss of colonic crypt epithelial cell AMP gene expression promotes increased relative abundances of Gn inflammaging-associated bacteria and gene expression markers of colonic inflammaging. These data may support new targets for aging-related therapies based on intestinal genes and microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Phillip A. Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fabian Preuss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI, United States
| | - Ankur Naqib
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Breanna A. Palmen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zlata R. Bogin
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristi Lawrence
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ruhl A, Antão AV, Dietschmann A, Radtke D, Tenbusch M, Voehringer D. STAT6-induced production of mucus and resistin-like molecules in lung Club cells does not protect against helminth or influenza A virus infection. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350558. [PMID: 37855177 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells contribute to a variety of lung diseases including allergic asthma, where IL-4 and IL-13 promote activation of the transcription factor STAT6. This leads to goblet cell hyperplasia and the secretion of effector molecules by epithelial cells. However, the specific effect of activated STAT6 in lung epithelial cells is only partially understood. Here, we created a mouse strain to selectively investigate the role of constitutively active STAT6 in Club cells, a subpopulation of airway epithelial cells. CCSP-Cre_STAT6vt mice and bronchiolar organoids derived from these show an enhanced expression of the chitinase-like protein Chil4 (Ym2) and resistin-like molecules (Relm-α, -β, -γ). In addition, goblet cells of these mice spontaneously secrete mucus into the bronchi. However, the activated epithelium resulted neither in impaired lung function nor conferred a protective effect against the migrating helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Moreover, CCSP-Cre_STAT6vt mice showed similar allergic airway inflammation induced by live conidia of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and similar recovery after influenza A virus infection compared to control mice. Together these results highlight that STAT6 signaling in Club cells induces the secretion of Relm proteins and mucus without impairing lung function, but this is not sufficient to confer protection against helminth or viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ruhl
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Vieira Antão
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Radtke
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Marzoog BA. Cytokines and Regulating Epithelial Cell Division. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:190-200. [PMID: 38213162 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501279979240101051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, cytokines play an extremely important role in maintaining cellular and subcellular homeostasis, as they interact almost with every cell in the organism. Therefore, cytokines play a significantly critical role in the field of pathogenic pharmacological therapy of different types of pathologies. Cytokine is a large family containing many subfamilies and can be evaluated into groups according to their action on epithelial cell proliferation; stimulatory include transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), Interlukine-22 (IL-22), IL-13, IL-6, IL-1RA and IL-17 and inhibitory include IL-1α, interferon type I (IFN type I), and TGF-β. The balance between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines is essential for maintaining normal epithelial cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of cytokine production can contribute to various pathological conditions, including inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and cancer. Several cytokines have shown the ability to affect programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the capability to suppress non-purpose cell proliferation. Clinically, understanding the role of cytokines' role in epithelial tissue is crucial for evaluating a novel therapeutic target that can be of use as a new tactic in the management of carcinomas and tissue healing capacity. The review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of current knowledge regarding the multifaceted effects of cytokines on epithelial cell proliferation, with a particular emphasis on the intestinal epithelium. Also, the paper will highlight the diverse signaling pathways activated by cytokines and their downstream consequences on epithelial cell division. It will also explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine- epithelial cell interactions in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Schumacher MA. The emerging roles of deep crypt secretory cells in colonic physiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G493-G500. [PMID: 37697924 PMCID: PMC10887841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells are a population of epithelial cells located at the colonic crypt base that share some similarities to Paneth and goblet cells. They were initially defined as c-Kit expressing cells, though subsequent work showed that they are more specifically marked by Reg4 in the murine colon. The best-understood function of DCS cells at present is supporting the stem cell niche by generating Notch and EGF ligands. However, as these cells also express immunoregulatory (e.g., Ccl6) and host defense (e.g., Retnlb) genes, it is likely they have additional functions in maintaining colonic health outside of maintenance of the stem niche. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic profiling hint at additional epithelial and immune roles that may exist for these cells and have aided in elucidating their developmental lineage. This review highlights the emerging evidence supporting a crucial role for DCS cells in intestinal physiology, the current understanding of how these cells are regulated, and their potential role(s) in colonic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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9
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Hernandez JE, Llorente C, Ma S, Miyamoto KT, Sinha S, Steele S, Xiao Z, Lai CJ, Zuniga EI, Ghosh P, Schnabl B, Huang WJM. The arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 promotes mucosal defense in the intestine. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302026. [PMID: 37666668 PMCID: PMC10477432 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 is a type II arginine methyltransferase abundantly expressed in the colonic epithelium. It is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. However, its role in mucosal defense against enteric infection has not been studied. Here, we report that Prmt5 in the murine colon is up-regulated in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Pathogen clearance in mice with haploinsufficient expression of Prmt5 is significantly delayed compared with wildtype littermate controls. Transcriptomic analyses further reveal that PRMT5 regulates the expression of canonical crypt goblet cell genes involved in mucus production, assembly, and anti-microbial responses via methyltransferase activity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Together, these findings uncover PRMT5 as a novel regulator of mucosal defense and a potential therapeutic target for treating intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Hernandez
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shengyun Ma
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kiana T Miyamoto
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scarlet Steele
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zihui Xiao
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Jung Lai
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- https://ror.org/0168r3w48 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Zogorean R, Wirtz S. The yin and yang of B cells in a constant state of battle: intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260266. [PMID: 37849749 PMCID: PMC10577428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, defined by a clinical relapse-remitting course. Affecting people worldwide, the origin of IBD is still undefined, arising as a consequence of the interaction between genes, environment, and microbiota. Although the root cause is difficult to identify, data clearly indicate that dysbiosis and pathogenic microbial taxa are connected with the establishment and clinical course of IBD. The composition of the microbiota is shaped by plasma cell IgA secretion and binding, while cytokines such as IL10 or IFN-γ are important fine-tuners of the immune response in the gastrointestinal environment. B cells may also influence the course of inflammation by promoting either an anti-inflammatory or a pro-inflammatory milieu. Here, we discuss IgA-producing B regulatory cells as an anti-inflammatory factor in intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we specify the context of IgA and IgG as players that can potentially participate in mucosal inflammation. Finally, we discuss the role of B cells in mouse infection models where IL10, IgA, or IgG contribute to the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Zogorean
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
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11
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Inaba R, Vujakovic S, Bergstrom K. The gut mucus network: A dynamic liaison between microbes and the immune system. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101807. [PMID: 37478802 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A complex mucus network made up of large polymers of the mucin-family glycoprotein MUC2 exists between the large intestinal microbial mass and epithelial and immune cells. This has long been understood as an innate immune defense barrier against the microbiota and other luminal threats that reinforces the barrier function of the epithelium and limits microbiota contact with the tissues. However, past and recent studies have provided new evidence of how critical the mucus network is to act as a 'liaison' between host and microbe to mediate anti-inflammatory, mutualistic interactions with the microbiota and protection from pathogens. This review summarizes historical and recent insights into the formation of the gut mucus network, how the microbes and immune system influence mucus, and in turn, how the mucus influences immune responses to the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain Inaba
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Vujakovic
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna V1V 1V7, British Columbia, Canada.
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12
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Jha D, Al-Taie Z, Krek A, Eshghi ST, Fantou A, Laurent T, Tankelevich M, Cao X, Meringer H, Livanos AE, Tokuyama M, Cossarini F, Bourreille A, Josien R, Hou R, Canales-Herrerias P, Ungaro RC, Kayal M, Marion J, Polydorides AD, Ko HM, D’souza D, Merand R, Kim-Schulze S, Hackney JA, Nguyen A, McBride JM, Yuan GC, Colombel JF, Martin JC, Argmann C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Petralia F, Mehandru S. Myeloid cell influx into the colonic epithelium is associated with disease severity and non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.542863. [PMID: 37333091 PMCID: PMC10274630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.542863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with sharply rising global prevalence. Dysfunctional epithelial compartment (EC) dynamics are implicated in UC pathogenesis although EC-specific studies are sparse. Applying orthogonal high-dimensional EC profiling to a Primary Cohort (PC; n=222), we detail major epithelial and immune cell perturbations in active UC. Prominently, reduced frequencies of mature BEST4+OTOP2+ absorptive and BEST2+WFDC2+ secretory epithelial enterocytes were associated with the replacement of homeostatic, resident TRDC+KLRD1+HOPX+ γδ+ T cells with RORA+CCL20+S100A4+ TH17 cells and the influx of inflammatory myeloid cells. The EC transcriptome (exemplified by S100A8, HIF1A, TREM1, CXCR1) correlated with clinical, endoscopic, and histological severity of UC in an independent validation cohort (n=649). Furthermore, therapeutic relevance of the observed cellular and transcriptomic changes was investigated in 3 additional published UC cohorts (n=23, 48 and 204 respectively) to reveal that non-response to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) therapy was associated with EC related myeloid cell perturbations. Altogether, these data provide high resolution mapping of the EC to facilitate therapeutic decision-making and personalization of therapy in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jha
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zainab Al-Taie
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shadi Toghi Eshghi
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Aurelie Fantou
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Michael Tankelevich
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadar Meringer
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra E Livanos
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minami Tokuyama
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Cossarini
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Regis Josien
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ruixue Hou
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pablo Canales-Herrerias
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C. Ungaro
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maia Kayal
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Marion
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Huaibin M. Ko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Darwin D’souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Merand
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason A. Hackney
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. McBride
- Biomarker Discovery, OMNI, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc. South SanFrancisco, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerome C. Martin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Song C, Chai Z, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Intestinal mucus components and secretion mechanisms: what we do and do not know. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:681-691. [PMID: 37009791 PMCID: PMC10167328 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the colon mucus barrier, the first line of defense against microorganisms, is an important determinant of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and disorder in extraintestinal organs. The mucus layer has attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years, and with the discovery of new mucosal components, it has become increasingly clear that the mucosal barrier is a complex system composed of many components. Moreover, certain components are jointly involved in regulating the structure and function of the mucus barrier. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the functional components of the mucus layer is clearly warranted. In this review, we summarize the various functional components of the mucus layer identified thus far and describe their unique roles in shaping mucosal structure and function. Furthermore, we detail the mechanisms underlying mucus secretion, including baseline and stimulated secretion. In our opinion, baseline secretion can be categorized into spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation-mediated slow and continuous secretion and stimulated secretion, which is mediated by massive Ca2+ influx induced by exogenous stimuli. This review extends the current understanding of the intestinal mucus barrier, with an emphasis on host defense strategies based on fortification of the mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhenglong Chai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
| | - Yuping Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China.
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14
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Fernández-Lainez C, Aan de Stegge M, Silva-Lagos LA, López-Velázquez G, de Vos P. β(2 → 1)-β(2 → 6) branched graminan-type fructans and β(2 → 1) linear fructans impact mucus-related and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in goblet cells and attenuate inflammatory responses in a fructan dependent fashion. Food Funct 2023; 14:1338-1348. [PMID: 36656019 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibers such as fructans have beneficial effects on intestinal health but it is unknown whether they impact goblet cells (GCs). Here we studied the effects of inulin-type fructans (ITFs) and graminan-type fructans (GTFs) with different molecular weights on mucus- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes in intestinal GCs. To that end, GCs were incubated in the presence of ITFs or GTFs, or ITFs and GTFs + TNFα or the N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (Tm). IL-8 production by GCs was studied as a marker of inflammation. Effects between ITFs and GTFs were compared. We found a beneficial impact of GTFs especially on the expression of RETNLB. GTF II protects from the TNFα-induced gene expression dysregulation of MUC2, TFF3, GAL3ST2, and CHST5. Also, all the studied fructans prevented Tm-induced dysregulation of GAL3ST2. Interestingly, only the short chain fructans ITF I and GTF I have anti-inflammatory properties on GCs. All the studied fructans except ITF I decreased the expression of the ER stress-related HSPA5 and XBP1. All these benefits were fructan-structure and chain length dependent. Our study contributes to a better understanding of chemical structure-dependent beneficial effects of ITFs and GTFs on gut barrier function, which could contribute to prevention of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratorio de Errores innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Edificio D, 1° Piso. Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrthe Aan de Stegge
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Luis Alfredo Silva-Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel López-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Av. Iman 1, 04530, Cuidad de México, Mexico.
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Shi Y, Zhu N, Qiu Y, Tan J, Wang F, Qin L, Dai A. Resistin-like molecules: a marker, mediator and therapeutic target for multiple diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36691020 PMCID: PMC9869618 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly cysteine-rich proteins, including RELMα, RELMβ, Resistin, and RELMγ. However, RELMs exhibit significant differences in structure, distribution, and function. The expression of RELMs is regulated by various signaling molecules, such as IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors. In addition, RELMs can mediate numerous signaling pathways, including HMGB1/RAGE, IL-4/IL-4Rα, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, and so on. RELMs proteins are involved in wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammatory response, cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, barrier defense, etc., and participate in the progression of numerous diseases such as lung diseases, intestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Meanwhile, RELMs can serve as biomarkers, risk predictors, and therapeutic targets for these diseases. An in-depth understanding of the role of RELMs may provide novel targets or strategies for the treatment and prevention of related diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Junlan Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Feiying Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, Hunan, China.
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16
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Schumacher MA, Liu CY, Katada K, Thai MH, Hsieh JJ, Hansten BJ, Waddell A, Rosen MJ, Frey MR. Deep Crypt Secretory Cell Differentiation in the Colonic Epithelium Is Regulated by Sprouty2 and Interleukin 13. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:971-984. [PMID: 36414210 PMCID: PMC9982040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells are a critical component of the colonic stem cell niche. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling DCS cell numbers and function are not well understood. Sprouty2 is an inflammation-responsive regulator of intracellular signaling that influences colonic secretory cell numbers in colitis via an epithelial-stromal interleukin (IL)33/IL13 signaling loop. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IL13, induced by epithelial Sprouty2 down-regulation, promotes DCS cell differentiation and function. METHODS Distal colons from mice with an intestinal epithelial-specific Sprouty2 deletion (Spry2ΔIE) and littermate controls were analyzed by in situ hybridization for Reg4+ DCS cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining were used to identify DCS cell-derived host defense peptides (HDPs) and localization of IL13 and IL13 receptor; bulk RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify changes in expression of identified HDPs. Cytokine-treated colonoids were assessed for DCS cells. A requirement for an IL33/IL13 signaling loop in the regulation of DCS cells was assessed in vivo using IL13 null mice. RESULTS Reg4+ DCS cell numbers were increased 2-fold in distal colons of Spry2ΔIE mice with a concomitant overall increase in DCS cell marker expression (Reg4, Spink4, and Agr2). Single-cell transcriptomics showed the HDP Retnlb/Resistin Like Beta (RELMβ) is highly enriched in DCS cells. Retnlb/RELMβ expression was increased in Spry2ΔIE colons. IL13, but not IL33, induced Reg4 and Retnlb expression in colonic epithelial organoids, and IL33-mediated expansion of the DCS cell population in vivo was dependent on IL13, which was expressed predominantly by type II innate lymphoid cells in the colonic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Sprouty2 limits colonic DCS cell differentiation through suppression of IL13 signaling. At homeostasis, DCS cells are marked by high levels of the HDP RELMβ. Loss of epithelial Sprouty2 activates type II innate lymphoid cells to release IL13, promoting expansion of the DCS cell population and increased colonic RELMβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kay Katada
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan H Thai
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan J Hsieh
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Britany J Hansten
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amanda Waddell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Frey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
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17
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Zhang YS, Xin DE, Wang Z, Peng W, Zeng Y, Liang J, Xu M, Chen N, Zhang J, Yue J, Cao M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chang Z, Lu XM, Chang L, Chinn YE. Acetylation licenses Th1 cell polarization to constrain Listeria monocytogenes infection. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2303-2315. [PMID: 35614130 PMCID: PMC9613754 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 1 (Th1) immunity is typically viewed as a critical adaptation by vertebrates against intracellular pathogens. Identifying novel targets to enhance Th1 cell differentiation and function is increasingly important for anti-infection immunity. Here, through small-molecule screening focusing on epigenetic modifiers during the in vitro Th1 cell differentiation process, we identified that the selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors ricolinostat and nexturastat A (Nex A) promoted Th1 cell differentiation. HDAC6-depleted mice exhibit elevation of Th1 cell differentiation, and decreased severity of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Mechanistically, HDAC6 directly deacetylated CBP-catalyzed acetylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4)-lysine (K) 667 via its enzymatic activity. Acetylation of STAT4-K667 is required for JAK2-mediated phosphorylation and activation of STAT4. Stat4K667R mutant mice lost the ability to normally differentiate into Th1 cells and developed severe Listeria infection. Our study identifies acetylation of STAT4-K667 as an essential signaling event for Th1 cell differentiation and defense against intracellular pathogen infections, and highlights the therapeutic potential of HDAC6 inhibitors for controlling intracellular pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sophia Zhang
- Institue of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Institue of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wenlong Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jianshu Liang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518300, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institue of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Y Eugene Chinn
- Institue of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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18
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Valdes J, Gagné-Sansfaçon J, Reyes V, Armas A, Marrero G, Moyo-Muamba M, Ramanathan S, Perreault N, Ilangumaran S, Rivard N, Fortier LC, Menendez A. Defects in the expression of colonic host defense factors associate with barrier dysfunction induced by a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1165-1183. [PMID: 36196983 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Western diets in the gastrointestinal system is largely mediated by their ability to promote alterations in the immunity and physiology of the intestinal epithelium, and to affect the composition of the commensal microbiota. To investigate the response of the colonic epithelium to high-fat/high-cholesterol diets (HFHCDs), we evaluated the synthesis of host defense factors involved in the maintenance of the colonic homeostasis. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFHCD for 3 weeks and their colons were evaluated for histopathology, gene expression, and microbiota composition. In addition, intestinal permeability and susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium were also studied. HFHCD caused colonic hyperplasia, loss of goblet cells, thinning of the mucus layer, moderate changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and an increase in intestinal permeability. Gene expression analyses revealed significant drops in the transcript levels of Muc1, Muc2, Agr2, Atoh1, Spdef, Ang4, Camp, Tff3, Dmbt1, Fcgbp, Saa3, and Retnlb. The goblet cell granules of HFHCD-fed mice were devoid of Relmβ and Tff3, indicating defective production of those two factors critical for intestinal epithelial defense and homeostasis. In correspondence with these defects, colonic bacteria were in close contact with, and invading the epithelium. Fecal shedding of C. rodentium showed an increased bacterial burden in HFHCD-fed animals accompanied by increased epithelial damage. Collectively, our results show that HFHCD perturbs the synthesis of colonic host defense factors, which associate with alterations in the commensal microbiota, the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and the host's susceptibility to enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Valdes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Gagné-Sansfaçon
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vilcy Reyes
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anny Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gisela Marrero
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitterrand Moyo-Muamba
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Perreault
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Hohman LS, Osborne LC. A gut-centric view of aging: Do intestinal epithelial cells contribute to age-associated microbiota changes, inflammaging, and immunosenescence? Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13700. [PMID: 36000805 PMCID: PMC9470900 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) serve as both a physical and an antimicrobial barrier against the microbiota, as well as a conduit for signaling between the microbiota and systemic host immunity. As individuals age, the balance between these systems undergoes a myriad of changes due to age-associated changes to the microbiota, IECs themselves, immunosenescence, and inflammaging. In this review, we discuss emerging data related to age-associated loss of intestinal barrier integrity and posit that IEC dysfunction may play a central role in propagating age-associated alterations in microbiota composition and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S. Hohman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lisa C. Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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20
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Disease Biomarkers of Giardiasis. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:1932518. [PMID: 36065350 PMCID: PMC9440637 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1932518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis is a common, treatable intestinal disease that adversely affects underprivileged communities living in unsanitary conditions. Giardiasis causes a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases in those infected, ranging from subclinical disease that can manifest as irritable bowel syndrome with persistent abdominal symptoms. Importantly, giardiasis has been identified as a predictor of malnutrition among young children in rural areas and as a cause of waterborne mass epidemics endangering not only humans but also animals in a broad clinical, social, and economic spectrum. While the diagnosis of giardiasis is heavily dependent on the presence of cysts and/or trophozoites detected using microscopy, the intermittent cyst excretion, low infection intensity, and low sensitivity method m4akes fecal examination unrewarding, thus urging the need for an improved diagnostic method for giardiasis. Proteins are key compounds in biosynthesis, cells, tissues, and organ signaling, carrying important information related to biological and pathogenic processes, as well as pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention, and are therefore important indicators for determining disease onset, progression, and drug treatment effectiveness. In connection with this, proteins could serve as promising biomarkers for antigen-antibody detection, as well as vaccine candidates. This article is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of proteins, serological, molecular, inflammatory, volatile, and hormonal biomarkers associated with giardiasis and their potential for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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21
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Lindholm HT, Parmar N, Drurey C, Poveda MC, Vornewald P, Ostrop J, Díez-Sanchez A, Maizels RM, Oudhoff MJ. BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl6543. [PMID: 35559665 PMCID: PMC7614132 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a common site for various types of infections including viruses, bacteria, and helminths, each requiring specific modes of immune defense. The intestinal epithelium has a pivotal role in both immune initiation and effector stages, which are coordinated by lymphocyte cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-13, and IL-22. Here, we studied intestinal epithelial immune responses using organoid image analysis based on a convolutional neural network, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo infection models. We found that IL-13 and IL-22 both induce genes associated with goblet cells, but the resulting goblet cell phenotypes are dichotomous. Moreover, only IL-13-driven goblet cells are associated with classical NOTCH signaling. We further showed that IL-13 induces the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which acts in a negative feedback loop on immune type 2-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. This is associated with inhibiting Sox4 expression to putatively limit the tuft cell progenitor population. Blocking ALK2, a BMP receptor, with the inhibitor dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH1) interrupted the feedback loop, resulting in greater tuft cell numbers both in vitro and in vivo after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Together, this investigation of cytokine effector responses revealed an unexpected and critical role for the BMP pathway in regulating type 2 immunity, which can be exploited to tailor epithelial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard T. Lindholm
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Drurey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Vornewald
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sanchez
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
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22
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Kini A, Zhao B, Basic M, Roy U, Iljazovic A, Odak I, Ye Z, Riederer B, Di Stefano G, Römermann D, Koenecke C, Bleich A, Strowig T, Seidler U. Upregulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in slc26a3-/- mice with colonic dysbiosis and barrier defect. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2041943. [PMID: 35230892 PMCID: PMC8890434 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2041943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in SLC26A3 (DRA), an intestinal Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, result in congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), marked by lifelong acidic diarrhea and a high risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Slc26a3-/- mice serve as a model to understand the pathophysiology of CLD and search for treatment options. This study investigates the microbiota changes in slc26a3-/- colon, the genotype-related causes for the observed microbiota alterations, its inflammatory potential, as well as the corresponding host responses. The luminal and the mucosa-adherent cecal and colonic microbiota of cohoused slc26a3-/- and wt littermates were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiota transfer from cohoused slc26a3-/- and wt littermates to germ-free wt mice was performed to analyze the stability and the inflammatory potential of the communities.The cecal and colonic luminal and mucosa-adherent microbiota of slc26a3-/- mice was abnormal from an early age, with a loss of diversity, of short-chain fatty acid producers, and an increase of pathobionts. The transfer of slc26a3-/- microbiota did not result in intestinal inflammation and the microbial diversity in the recipient mice normalized over time. A strong increase in the expression of Il22, Reg3β/γ, Relmβ, and other proteins with antimicrobial functions was observed in slc26a3-/- colon from juvenile age, while the mucosal and systemic inflammatory signature was surprisingly mild. The dysbiotic microbiota, low mucosal pH, and mucus barrier defect in slc26a3-/- colon are accompanied by a stark upregulation of the expression of a panel of antimicrobial proteins. This may explain the low inflammatory burden in the gut of these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bei Zhao
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Urmi Roy
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aida Iljazovic
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Till Strowig
- Microbial Immune Regulation Research Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology,CONTACT Ursula Seidler Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Straße 1, D30625, Hannover.de, Germany
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23
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Abraham C, Abreu MT, Turner JR. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Cytokine Networks in Microbial Defenses and Regulation of Intestinal Barriers: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1602-1616.e6. [PMID: 35149024 PMCID: PMC9112237 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by defects in epithelial function and dysregulated inflammatory signaling by lamina propria mononuclear cells including macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbiota. In this review, we focus on the role of pattern recognition receptors in the inflammatory response as well as epithelial barrier regulation. We explore cytokine networks that increase inflammation, regulate paracellular permeability, cause epithelial damage, up-regulate epithelial proliferation, and trigger restitutive processes. We focus on studies using patient samples as well as speculate on pathways that can be targeted to more holistically treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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24
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Burge K, Eckert J, Wilson A, Trammell M, Lueschow SR, McElroy SJ, Dyer D, Chaaban H. Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa Protects against a Hyperosmotic, Formula Feeding Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091779. [PMID: 35565748 PMCID: PMC9105773 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an inflammatory disease of the intestine, is a common gastrointestinal emergency among preterm infants. Intestinal barrier dysfunction, hyperactivation of the premature immune system, and dysbiosis are thought to play major roles in the disease. Human milk (HM) is protective, but the mechanisms underpinning formula feeding as a risk factor in the development of NEC are incompletely understood. Hyaluronic acid 35 kDa (HA35), a bioactive glycosaminoglycan of HM, accelerates intestinal development in murine pups during homeostasis. In addition, HA35 prevents inflammation-induced tissue damage in pups subjected to murine NEC, incorporating Paneth cell dysfunction and dysbiosis. We hypothesized HA35 treatment would reduce histological injury and mortality in a secondary mouse model of NEC incorporating formula feeding. NEC-like injury was induced in 14-day mice by dithizone-induced disruption of Paneth cells and oral gavage of rodent milk substitute. Mortality and histological injury, serum and tissue cytokine levels, stool bacterial sequencing, and bulk RNA-Seq comparisons were analyzed. HA35 significantly reduced the severity of illness in this model, with a trend toward reduced mortality, while RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated HA35 upregulated genes associated with goblet cell function and innate immunity. Activation of these critical protective and reparative mechanisms of the small intestine likely play a role in the reduced pathology and enhanced survival trends of HA-treated pups subjected to intestinal inflammation in this secondary model of NEC, providing potentially interesting translational targets for the human preterm disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
| | - MaJoi Trammell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Shiloh R. Lueschow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Steven J. McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - David Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.B.); (J.E.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Docampo MD, da Silva MB, Lazrak A, Nichols KB, Lieberman SR, Slingerland AE, Armijo GK, Shono Y, Nguyen C, Monette S, Dwomoh E, Lee N, Geary CD, Perobelli SM, Smith M, Markey KA, Vardhana SA, Kousa AI, Zamir E, Greenfield I, Sun JC, Cross JR, Peled JU, Jenq RR, Stein-Thoeringer CK, van den Brink MRM. Alloreactive T cells deficient of the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR109A induce less graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2022; 139:2392-2405. [PMID: 34653248 PMCID: PMC9012131 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is essential for the fermentation of dietary fiber into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate. SCFAs can bind to the G-protein-coupled receptors GPR43 and GPR109A (HCAR2), with varying affinities to promote cellular effects in metabolism or changes in immune function. We explored the role of GPR109A as the main receptor for butyrate in mouse models of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Deletion of GPR109A in allo-HCT recipients did not affect GVHD, but transplantation of T cells from GPR109A knockout (KO) (Gpr109a-/-) mice into allo-HCT recipient mice significantly reduced GVHD morbidity and mortality compared with recipients of wild-type (WT) T cells. Recipients of Gpr109a-/- T cells exhibited less GVHD-associated target organ pathology and decreased proliferation and homing of alloreactive T cells to target tissues. Although Gpr109a-/- T cells did not exhibit immune deficits at a steady state, following allo-activation, Gpr109a-/- T cells underwent increased apoptosis and were impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which was reversible through antioxidant treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In conclusion, we found that GPR109A expression by allo-activated T cells is essential for metabolic homeostasis and expansion, which are necessary features to induce GVHD after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Docampo
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Amina Lazrak
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel K Armijo
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Yusuke Shono
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Chi Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Emmanuel Dwomoh
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Lee
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Clair D Geary
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Melody Smith
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kate A Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Eli Zamir
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Division Microbiome and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | | | - Joseph C Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Justin R Cross
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Transcriptional Profiling of the Small Intestine and the Colon Reveals Modulation of Gut Infection with Citrobacter rodentium According to the Vitamin A Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081563. [PMID: 35458125 PMCID: PMC9026425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and diarrheal diseases are both serious public health issues worldwide. VA deficiency is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and increased risk of mucosal infection-related mortality. The bioactive form of VA, retinoic acid, is a well-known regulator of mucosal integrity. Using Citrobacter rodentium-infected mice as a model for diarrheal diseases in humans, previous studies showed that VA-deficient (VAD) mice failed to clear C. rodentium as compared to their VA-sufficient (VAS) counterparts. However, the distinct intestinal gene responses that are dependent on the host’s VA status still need to be discovered. The mRNAs extracted from the small intestine (SI) and the colon were sequenced and analyzed on three levels: differential gene expression, enrichment, and co-expression. C. rodentium infection interacted differentially with VA status to alter colon gene expression. Novel functional categories downregulated by this pathogen were identified, highlighted by genes related to the metabolism of VA, vitamin D, and ion transport, including improper upregulation of Cl− secretion and disrupted HCO3− metabolism. Our results suggest that derangement of micronutrient metabolism and ion transport, together with the compromised immune responses in VAD hosts, may be responsible for the higher mortality to C. rodentium under conditions of inadequate VA.
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Zindl CL, Witte SJ, Laufer VA, Gao M, Yue Z, Janowski KM, Cai B, Frey BF, Silberger DJ, Harbour SN, Singer JR, Turner H, Lund FE, Vallance BA, Rosenberg AF, Schoeb TR, Chen JY, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. A nonredundant role for T cell-derived interleukin 22 in antibacterial defense of colonic crypts. Immunity 2022; 55:494-511.e11. [PMID: 35263568 PMCID: PMC9126440 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is central to immune defense at barrier sites. We examined the contributions of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and T cell-derived IL-22 during Citrobacter rodentium (C.r) infection using mice that both report Il22 expression and allow lineage-specific deletion. ILC-derived IL-22 activated STAT3 in C.r-colonized surface intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) but only temporally restrained bacterial growth. T cell-derived IL-22 induced a more robust and extensive activation of STAT3 in IECs, including IECs lining colonic crypts, and T cell-specific deficiency of IL-22 led to pathogen invasion of the crypts and increased mortality. This reflected a requirement for T cell-derived IL-22 for the expression of a host-protective transcriptomic program that included AMPs, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, and mucin-related molecules, and it restricted IFNγ-induced proinflammatory genes. Our findings demonstrate spatiotemporal differences in the production and action of IL-22 by ILCs and T cells during infection and reveal an indispensable role for IL-22-producing T cells in the protection of the intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlene L Zindl
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Steven J Witte
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vincent A Laufer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zongliang Yue
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen M Janowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Baiyi Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Blake F Frey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stacey N Harbour
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Singer
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Henrietta Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Liu XC, Guo L, Ling KR, Hu XY, Shen YJ, Li LQ. Serum Relmβ combined with abdominal signs may predict surgical timing in neonates with NEC: A cohort study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:943320. [PMID: 36147817 PMCID: PMC9485553 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.943320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the predictive value of serum biomarkers combined with other indicators for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) surgery decision-making. METHODS Clinical data, including baseline information, clinical features, imaging presentation and serum assessment, of the infants enrolled were collected, and the serum concentrations of HBD2, HMGB-1, Claudin-3 and Relmβ were determined. Student's t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also generated. RESULTS Forty-nine infants were enrolled, with 23 in the surgical NEC group and 26 in the medical NEC group. There were no differences in the baseline clinical information, including birth weight, gestational age, admission age and risk factors, during pregnancy and before enrollment (P > 0.05). Peritonitis, intestinal adhesion and sepsis were more common in the surgical group (P < 0.05). The incidences of abdominal distention, abdominal wall tenseness, abdominal tenderness and absent bowel sounds in the surgical group were significantly higher when NEC occurred (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in the imaging presentation (P > 0.05). The concentration of Relmβ {[8.66 (4.29, 19.28) vs. 20.65 (9.51, 44.65)]} in the surgical group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Abdominal wall tenseness, abdominal tenderness and a Relmβ concentration > 19.7 μmol/L were included in the predictive model, and the AUC of the predictive score was 0.943 (95% CI: 0.891-1.000) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum Relmβ concentration combined with abdominal wall tenseness and abdominal tenderness may be useful in determining surgical timing in neonates with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Liu
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Ran Ling
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shen
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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29
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Hashimoto-Hill S, Colapietro L, Woo V, Antonacci S, Whitt J, Engleman L, Alenghat T. Dietary phytate primes epithelial antibacterial immunity in the intestine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952994. [PMID: 36341403 PMCID: PMC9627201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet has long been associated with susceptibility to infection, the dietary components that regulate host defense remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that consuming rice bran decreases susceptibility to intestinal infection with Citrobacter rodentium, a murine pathogen that is similar to enteropathogenic E. coli infection in humans. Rice bran naturally contains high levels of the substance phytate. Interestingly, phytate supplementation also protected against intestinal infection, and enzymatic metabolism of phytate by commensal bacteria was necessary for phytate-induced host defense. Mechanistically, phytate consumption induced mammalian intestinal epithelial expression of STAT3-regulated antimicrobial pathways and increased phosphorylated STAT3, suggesting that dietary phytate promotes innate defense through epithelial STAT3 activation. Further, phytate regulation of epithelial STAT3 was mediated by the microbiota-sensitive enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). Collectively, these data demonstrate that metabolism of dietary phytate by microbiota decreases intestinal infection and suggests that consuming bran and other phytate-enriched foods may represent an effective dietary strategy for priming host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Luisa Colapietro
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Simona Antonacci
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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30
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Liu XC, Li LQ, Ling KR, Guo L, Hu XY, Li C. Fecal HBD-2 and Claudin-3 may be potential biomarkers to predict the deterioration of necrotizing enterocolitis: A prospective study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1062798. [PMID: 36582510 PMCID: PMC9794018 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1062798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical gastrointestinal disease. We aim to explore the value of fecal human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2), Claudin-3, high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), and resistin-like molecule β (Relmβ) as well as some laboratory metrics to predict the deterioration of NEC. METHODS Infants diagnosed with NEC at Stage II were enrolled in our study. Those who progressed to Stage III were included in the Stage III group and the rest were included in the Stage II group. Clinical data and laboratory metrics of the infants were collected. Fecal samples of HBD2, HMGB-1, Claudin-3, and Relmβ collected during their enrollment were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Sixty infants diagnosed with NEC at Stage II were enrolled in our study, with 27 in the Stage III group (n = 27) and 33 in the Stage II group (n = 33). Although many of these NEC cases were late preterm and term infants, the infants in the Stage III group had a lower gestational age (P < 0.05). The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, peritonitis, intestinal adhesion, and sepsis was higher and more infants in the Stage III group underwent surgeries (P < 0.05). The levels of HBD-2 and Claudin-3 were higher and neutrophil count was lower in the Stage III group than in the Stage II Group, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.754, 0,755, and 0.666, respectively (P < 0.05). HBD-2 ≥ 1649.02 ng/g and Claudin-3 ≥ 2488.71 pg/g were included in the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05), and the AUC of the model was 0.805 (95% CI: 0.688-0.922). CONCLUSION Fecal HBD-2 and Claudin-3 may be potential biomarkers to predict the deterioration of NEC from Stage II to Stage III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Liu
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Ran Ling
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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31
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Iftekhar A, Sigal M. Defence and adaptation mechanisms of the intestinal epithelium upon infection. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151486. [PMID: 33684844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of polarized columnar cells that act as a border between the host and its environment and are the first line of defence against the luminal microbes. In addition to providing a physical barrier, the epithelium possesses a multitude of active mechanisms to fight invading pathogens and regulate the composition and spatial distribution of commensals. The different epithelial cell types have unique functions in this context, and crosstalk with the immune system further modulates their intricate antimicrobial responses. The epithelium is organized into clonal crypt units with a high cellular turnover that is driven by stem cells located at the base. There is increasing evidence that this anatomical organization, the stem cell turnover, and the lineage determination processes are essential for barrier maintenance. These processes can be modulated by microbes directly or by the immune responses to enteric pathogens, resulting in a rapid and efficient adaptation of the epithelium to environmental perturbations, injuries, and infections. Here we discuss the complex host-microbial interactions that shape the mucosa and how the epithelium maintains and re-establishes homeostasis after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Iftekhar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Choudhry N, Scott F, Edgar M, Sanger GJ, Kelly P. Reversal of Pathogen-Induced Barrier Defects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Contra-pathogenicity Agents. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:88-104. [PMID: 32034605 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental enteropathy (EE) is associated with stunting, impairment of responses to oral vaccines, and other adverse health consequences in young children throughout the developing world. EE is characterized by chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, partly resulting from dysregulation of tight junction proteins, observed in other enteropathies such as celiac disease. During EE, this dysregulation of tight junction expression amplifies translocation of pathogenic bacteria across the intestinal mucosa. AIMS The aim was to determine whether enteropathogen-mediated epithelial barrier failure can be ameliorated using contra-pathogenicity therapies. METHODS Intestinal epithelial barrier damage was assessed in Caco-2 cells incubated with three important enteropathogens identified in EE patients: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium), and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). Potential therapeutic molecules were tested to detect effects on transepithelial resistance (TER), bacterial translocation (BT), claudin-4 expression, and regulation of the inflammatory cytokine response. RESULTS All three enteropathogens compared to uninfected cells, reduced TER (EPEC; p < 0.0001, C. rodentium; p < 0.0001, C. parvum; p < 0.0007), reduced claudin-4 expression, and permitted BT (EPEC; p < 0.0001, C. rodentium; p < 0.0001, C. parvum; p < 0.0003) through the monolayer. Zinc, colostrum, epidermal growth factor, trefoil factor 3, resistin-like molecule-β, hydrocortisone, and the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML7 (Hexahydro-1-[(5-iodo-1-naphthalenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride); ML7) improved TER (up to 70%) and decreased BT (as much as 96%). Only zinc demonstrated modest antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION The enteropathogens impaired intestinal-epithelial barrier integrity with dysregulation of claudin-4 and increased bacterial translocation. Enteropathogen-mediated damage was reduced using contra-pathogenicity agents which mitigated the effects of pathogens without direct antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Choudhry
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Flora Scott
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Meghan Edgar
- Gastroenterology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Gastroenterology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Paul Kelly
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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Liang W, Peng X, Li Q, Wang P, Lv P, Song Q, She S, Huang S, Chen K, Gong W, Yuan W, Thovarai V, Yoshimura T, O'huigin C, Trinchieri G, Huang J, Lin S, Yao X, Bian X, Kong W, Xi J, Wang JM, Wang Y. FAM3D is essential for colon homeostasis and host defense against inflammation associated carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5912. [PMID: 33219235 PMCID: PMC7679402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological homeostasis of gut mucosal barrier is maintained by both genetic and environmental factors and its impairment leads to pathogenesis such as inflammatory bowel disease. A cytokine like molecule, FAM3D (mouse Fam3D), is highly expressed in mouse gastrointestinal tract. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency in Fam3D is associated with impaired integrity of colonic mucosa, increased epithelial hyper-proliferation, reduced anti-microbial peptide production and increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis associated with high incidence of cancer. Pretreatment of Fam3D−/− mice with antibiotics significantly reduces the severity of chemically induced colitis and wild type (WT) mice co-housed with Fam3D−/− mice phenocopy Fam3D-deficiency showing increased sensitivity to colitis and skewed composition of fecal microbiota. An initial equilibrium of microbiota in cohoused WT and Fam3D−/− mice is followed by an increasing divergence of the bacterial composition after separation. These results demonstrate the essential role of Fam3D in colon homeostasis, protection against inflammation associated cancer and normal microbiota composition. The cytokine like protein FAM3D (Fam3D in mice) is highly expressed in the digestive tract with unknown role in colon pathophysiology. Here, by using gene deficient mice, the authors show that Fam3D is critically involved in colon homeostasis, host defense against colitis-associated carcinogenesis, and the balance of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.,Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xinjian Peng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shaoping She
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Wuxing Yuan
- Microbiome Sequencing Core, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vishal Thovarai
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Colm O'huigin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, P. R. China
| | - Shuye Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology, South-west Hospital and Cancer Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology, South-west Hospital and Cancer Center, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Biomedicine, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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Shastri MD, Chong WC, Vemuri R, Martoni CJ, Adhikari S, Bhullar H, Kunde D, Tristram SG, Eri RD. Streptococcus Thermophilus UASt-09 Upregulates Goblet Cell Activity in Colonic Epithelial Cells to a Greater Degree than other Probiotic Strains. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1758. [PMID: 33182355 PMCID: PMC7695341 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been widely used in maintaining gastrointestinal health, despite their actual mechanism remaining obscure. There are several hypotheses behind the beneficial effects of probiotics including the regulation of intestinal barrier function and improvement in immune responses in the gastrointestinal system. Multiple probiotics have been introduced in the market as effective dietary supplements in improving gastrointestinal integrity, but there are no or few studies that demonstrate their underlying mechanism. In the current study, we investigated and compared the efficacy of four probiotics (based on different bacterial species) in refining gastrointestinal health by improving mucus biosynthesis and intestinal immune response under in-vitro conditions. By analyzing the gene expression of mucus biosynthesis and intestinal immune response markers, we found that probiotic Streptococcus thermophilus UASt-09 showed promising potential in refining mucosal barrier and gastrointestinal health in human colonic epithelial cells, as compared to other commercial probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D. Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Santosh Adhikari
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Harinder Bhullar
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Dale Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Stephen G. Tristram
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Rajaraman D. Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.A.); (H.B.); (D.K.); (S.G.T.)
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35
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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36
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Blockade of TIM-1 on the donor graft ameliorates graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3419-3431. [PMID: 31714958 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a leading cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) mediated by dysregulated T-cell immune reconstitution. Given the role of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin 1 (TIM-1) surface protein in many immune processes, including organ transplantation tolerance, we asked if TIM-1 might drive post-transplant inflammation and acute GVHD. TIM-1 binds to phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), and agonism of TIM1 on immune cells is proinflammatory. HCT conditioning results in a significant supply of PtdSer from apoptosis and cellular debris. Using murine models, treatment with an antagonistic anti-TIM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) protects against acute GVHD while maintaining graft-versus-tumor effects. In contrast, the addition of exogenous free PtdSer worsened GVHD in a TIM-1-dependent manner. Importantly, TIM-1 blockade did not alter the expansion of donor T cells in vitro or in vivo. Instead, TIM-1 blockade reduces proinflammatory cytokines and promotes anti-inflammatory factors like carbonic anhydrase 1 and serum amyloid A1 in the gut tissue. This is mediated by TIM-1 on donor cells, as HCT of wild-type (WT) bone marrow (BM) and conventional T (Tcon) cells into TIM-1-/- knockout (KO) recipient mice showed little survival advantage compared with WT recipients, whereas WT recipients of TIM-1-/- KO Tcon cells or TIM1-/- KO BM had improved survival, in part due to the expression of TIM-1 on donor invariant natural killer T cells, which drives inflammation. Finally, in a humanized mouse xenograft GVHD model, treatment with anti-human TIM-1 antagonist mAb reduced GVHD disease burden and mortality. This supports TIM-1 as important for GVHD pathogenesis and as a target for the prevention of GVHD.
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37
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Blyth GAD, Connors L, Fodor C, Cobo ER. The Network of Colonic Host Defense Peptides as an Innate Immune Defense Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 11:965. [PMID: 32508838 PMCID: PMC7251035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides, abundantly secreted by colonic epithelial cells and leukocytes, are proposed to be critical components of an innate immune response in the colon against enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium difficile, and attaching and effacing Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium. These short cationic peptides are bactericidal against both Gram-positive and -negative enteric pathogens, but may also exert killing effects on intestinal luminal microbiota. Simultaneously, these peptides modulate numerous cellular responses crucial for gut defenses, including leukocyte chemotaxis and migration, wound healing, cytokine production, cell proliferation, and pathogen sensing. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of expression, mechanisms of action and microbicidal and immunomodulatory functions of major colonic host defense peptides, namely cathelicidins, β-defensins, and members of the Regenerating islet-derived protein III (RegIII) and Resistin-like molecule (RELM) families. In a theoretical framework where these peptides work synergistically, aspects of pathogenesis of infectious colitis reviewed herein uncover roles of host defense peptides aimed to promote epithelial defenses and prevent pathogen colonization, mediated through a combination of direct antimicrobial function and fine-tuning of host immune response and inflammation. This interactive host defense peptide network may decode how the intestinal immune system functions to quickly clear infections, restore homeostasis and avoid damaging inflammation associated with pathogen persistence during infectious colitis. This information is of interest in development of host defense peptides (either alone or in combination with reduced doses of antibiotics) as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory therapeutics for controlling infectious colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A D Blyth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Liam Connors
- Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cristina Fodor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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38
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Song M, Yang Q, Zhang F, Chen L, Su H, Yang X, He H, Liu F, Zheng J, Ling M, Lai X, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) suppresses intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through FXR-PI3K/AKT pathway, accompanied by alteration of bile acids metabolism profiles induced by gut bacteria. FASEB J 2020; 34:7103-7117. [PMID: 32246800 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in regulation of intestinal epithelial signaling and function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and explore the underlying mechanisms. IPEC-J2 cells and weaned piglets were treated with HDCA and the contributions of cellular signaling pathways, BAs metabolism profiles and gut bacteria were assessed. In vitro, HDCA suppressed IPEC-J2 proliferation via the BAs receptor FXR but not TGR5. In addition, HDCA inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway, while knockdown of FXR or constitutive activation of AKT eliminated the inhibitory effects of HDCA, suggesting that FXR-dependent inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in HDCA-suppressed IPEC-J2 proliferation. In vivo, dietary HDCA inhibited intestinal expression of proliferative markers and PI3K/AKT pathway in weaned piglets. Meanwhile, HDCA altered the BAs metabolism profiles, with decrease in primary BA and increase in total and secondary BAs in feces, and reduction of conjugated BAs in serum. Furthermore, HDCA increased abundance of the gut bacteria associated with BAs metabolism, and thereby induced BAs profiles alternation, which might indirectly contribute to HDCA-suppressed cell proliferation. Together, HDCA suppressed intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through FXR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, accompanied by alteration of BAs metabolism profiles induced by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Han Su
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jisong Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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39
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Wu Y, He Q, Yu L, Pham Q, Cheung L, Kim YS, Wang TTY, Smith AD. Indole-3-Carbinol Inhibits Citrobacter rodentium Infection through Multiple Pathways Including Reduction of Bacterial Adhesion and Enhancement of Cytotoxic T Cell Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:E917. [PMID: 32230738 PMCID: PMC7230886 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and may result from dysregulated responses to commensal bacteria or exposure to bacterial pathogens. Dietary modulation of intestinal inflammation may protect against development of colon cancer. However, the precise diet-derived components and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) induces acute intestinal inflammation and has been used to study the role of inflammation in the susceptibility to colon cancer. Here we examine the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a dietary compound with anticarcinogenic properties, on intestinal immune and inflammatory responses to Cr infection and adhesion to colonic cells in vitro. C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet with/without 1 μmol/g I3C and infected with Cr. Compared to infected mice fed with a control diet, consumption of a 1 μmol I3C/g diet significantly reduced fecal excretion of Cr, Cr colonization of the colon, and reduced colon crypt hyperplasia. Furthermore, expression of Cr-induced inflammatory markers such as IL-17A, IL-6, and IL1β were attenuated in infected mice fed with the I3C diet, compared to mice fed a control diet. The expression of cytotoxic T cell markers CD8 and FasL mRNA were increased in I3C-fed infected mice. In-vitro, I3C inhibited Cr growth and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. I3C alleviates Cr-induced murine colitis through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of Cr growth and adhesion to colonic cells in vitro and enhancement of cytotoxic T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Qiang He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Young S. Kim
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Allen D. Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (Q.P.); (L.C.)
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40
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Effect of nutritional supplement on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from aplastic anaemia. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:748-758. [PMID: 29569543 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anaemia (AA) is characterised by pancytopenia resulting from a marked reduction in haemopoietic stem cells (HSC). The regulation of haemopoiesis depends on the interaction between HSC and various cells of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, including BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC). The purpose of this study was to analyse the biological effect of nutritional supplement (NS), a dietary supplement consisting of thirty-six compounds: amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins and micronutrients on the BMSC of AA rats. The AA rat model was established by irradiating X-ray (2·5 Gy) and intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide (35 mg/kg; Sigma) and chloramphenicol (35 mg/kg; Sigma). Then AA rats were fed with NS in a dose-dependent manner (2266·95, 1511·3, 1057·91 mg/kg d) by intragastric administration. The effect of NS on the BMSC of AA rats was analysed. As compared with AA rats, NS treatment significantly improved these peripheral blood parameters and stimulated the proliferation of total femoral nucleated cells. NS treatment affected proliferative behaviour of BMSC and suppressed BMSC differentiation to adipocytes. Furthermore, NS treatment of AA rats accelerated osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and enhanced bone mineral density. Co-incubation of HSC with mesenchymal stromal cells and serum from AA rats subjected to high-dose NS markedly improved the yield of CD34+cells. Protein microarray analysis revealed that there were eleven differentially expressed proteins in the NS group compared with the AA rat group. The identified specific NS might be implicated in rehabilitation of BMSC in AA rats, suggesting their potential of nutritional support in AA treatment.
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41
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Ahmed N, Heitlinger E, Affinass N, Kühl AA, Xenophontos N, Jarquin VH, Jost J, Steinfelder S, Hartmann S. A Novel Non-invasive Method to Detect RELM Beta Transcript in Gut Barrier Related Changes During a Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 30915083 PMCID: PMC6423163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, methods for monitoring changes of gut barrier integrity and the associated immune response via non-invasive means are limited. Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel non-invasive technique to investigate immunological host responses representing gut barrier changes in response to infection. We identified the mucous layer on feces from mice to be mainly composed of exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells. Expression of RELM-β, a gene prominently expressed in intestinal nematode infections, was used as an indicator of intestinal cellular barrier changes to infection. RELM-β was detected as early as 6 days post-infection (dpi) in exfoliated epithelial cells. Interestingly, RELM-β expression also mirrored the quality of the immune response, with higher amounts being detectable in a secondary infection and in high dose nematode infection in laboratory mice. This technique was also applicable to captured worm-infected wild house mice. We have therefore developed a novel non-invasive method reflecting gut barrier changes associated with alterations in cellular responses to a gastrointestinal nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norus Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Heitlinger
- Research Group Ecology and Evolution of Molecular Parasite Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Affinass
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, iPATH.Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natasa Xenophontos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Hugo Jarquin
- Research Group Ecology and Evolution of Molecular Parasite Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jost
- Research Group Ecology and Evolution of Molecular Parasite Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svenja Steinfelder
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Knoop KA, Newberry RD. Goblet cells: multifaceted players in immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1551-1557. [PMID: 29867079 PMCID: PMC8767637 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are specialized epithelial cells that line multiple mucosal surfaces and have a well-appreciated role in barrier maintenance through the secretion of mucus. Moreover, GCs secrete anti-microbial proteins, chemokines, and cytokines demonstrating functions in innate immunity beyond barrier maintenance. Recently it was appreciated that GCs can form goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs) and deliver luminal substances to underlying lamina propria (LP) antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a manner capable of inducing adaptive immune responses. GCs at other mucosal surfaces share characteristics with the GAP forming intestinal GCs, suggesting that GAP formation may not be restricted to the gut, and that GCs may perform this gatekeeper function at other mucosal surfaces. Here we review observations of how GCs contribute to immunity at mucosal surfaces through barrier maintenance, the delivery of luminal substances to APCs, interactions with APCs, and secretion of factors modulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63123,Send correspondence to: , 314-362-2670, Fax 314-362-2609, Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to KAK
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63123
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Roles of Gut-Derived Secretory Factors in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Their Possible Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103064. [PMID: 30297626 PMCID: PMC6213237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global increase in the number of people diagnosed with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The gut-liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we discuss the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of action of gut-derived secretory factors in NAFLD/NASH, focusing on recent human studies. Several studies have identified potential causal associations between gut-derived secretory factors and NAFLD/NASH, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of gut-derived hormone-associated drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analog and recombinant variant of fibroblast growth factor 19, and other new treatment strategies for NAFLD/NASH have also been reported. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of GLA in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. Larger and longitudinal studies as well as translational research are expected to provide additional insights into the role of gut-derived secretory factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, possibly providing novel markers and therapeutic targets in patients with NAFLD/NASH.
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The Intestinal Epithelium: Central Coordinator of Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:677-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xue H, Wang FY, Kang Q, Tang XD. c-Kit mutation reduce intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration, but not influence intestinal permeability stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:534-541. [PMID: 29935985 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene c-kit, as a marker of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role in the ICCs. Although limited evidences showed c-kit is present in the colonic epithelium but its roles remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression, location and function of c-kit in the intestinal epithelium. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-PCR were performed to detect the expression and location of c-kit in the intestinal mucosa of WT mice. We investigated intestinal epithelial proliferation and migration in vivo by performing 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and Ki-67 staining in WT and Wads m/m mice. An Ussing chamber with fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran 4000 was used to detect the transepithelial electric resistance (TER), short circuit current (ISC) and permeability across ex vivo colon segments under control and endotoxaemia conditions. We demonstrated that c-kit was located and expressed in the gut crypt compartment in WT mice, which was demonstrated in the c-kit mutant mice (Wads m/m). In addition, both the number of proliferating cells and the percentage of the distance migrated were lower in the Wads m/m mice than those in the WT mice. Moreover, the intestinal permeability, TER and tight junction were unaltered in the Wads m/m mice under endotoxic conditions compared with those in both the control condition and the WT mice. Altogether, these observations imply that the expression of c-kit in the colonic epithelium is involved in the proliferation and permeability of the colonic epithelium.
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Andrews C, McLean MH, Durum SK. Cytokine Tuning of Intestinal Epithelial Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1270. [PMID: 29922293 PMCID: PMC5996247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine’s diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system. Communication between these epithelial cells and resident immune cells is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating appropriate responses to disease and can occur through cell-to-cell contact or by the release or recognition of soluble mediators. The objective of this review is to highlight recent literature illuminating how cytokines and chemokines, both those made by and acting on the intestinal epithelium, orchestrate many of the diverse functions of the intestinal epithelium and its interactions with immune cells in health and disease. Areas of focus include cytokine control of intestinal epithelial proliferation, cell death, and barrier permeability. In addition, the modulation of epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines by factors such as interactions with stromal and immune cells, pathogen and commensal exposure, and diet will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrews
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mairi H McLean
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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Abstract
Approximately one-sixth of the worlds' population is infected with helminths and this class of parasite takes a major toll on domestic livestock. The majority of species of parasitic helminth that infect mammals live in the gut (the only niche for tapeworms) where they contact the hosts' epithelial cells. Here, the helminth-intestinal epithelial interface is reviewed in terms of the impact on, and regulation of epithelial barrier function, both intrinsic (epithelial permeability) and extrinsic (mucin, bacterial peptides, commensal bacteria) elements of the barrier. The data available on direct effects of helminths on epithelial permeability are scant, fragmentary and pales in comparison with knowledge of mobilization of immune reactions and effector cells in response to helminth parasites and how these impact intestinal barrier function. The interaction of helminth-host and helminth-host-bacteria is an important determinant of gut form and function and precisely defining these interactions will radically alter our understanding of normal gut physiology and pathophysiological reactions, revealing new approaches to infection with parasitic helminths, bacterial pathogens and idiopathic auto-inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M McKay
- a Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Adam Shute
- a Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Fernando Lopes
- a Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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Pine GM, Batugedara HM, Nair MG. Here, there and everywhere: Resistin-like molecules in infection, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Cytokine 2018; 110:442-451. [PMID: 29866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Resistin-Like Molecules (RELM) α, β, and γ and their namesake, resistin, share structural and sequence homology but exhibit significant diversity in expression and function within their mammalian host. RELM proteins are expressed in a wide range of diseases, such as: microbial infections (eg. bacterial and helminth), inflammatory diseases (eg. asthma, fibrosis) and metabolic disorders (eg. diabetes). While the expression pattern and molecular regulation of RELM proteins are well characterized, much controversy remains over their proposed functions, with evidence of host-protective and pathogenic roles. Moreover, the receptors for RELM proteins are unclear, although three receptors for resistin, decorin, adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) have recently been proposed. In this review, we will first summarize the molecular regulation of the RELM gene family, including transcription regulation and tissue expression in humans and mouse disease models. Second, we will outline the function and receptor-mediated signaling associated with RELM proteins. Finally, we will discuss recent studies suggesting that, despite early misconceptions that these proteins are pathogenic, RELM proteins have a more nuanced and potentially beneficial role for the host in certain disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Pine
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hashini M Batugedara
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
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Extrathymically Generated Regulatory T Cells Establish a Niche for Intestinal Border-Dwelling Bacteria and Affect Physiologic Metabolite Balance. Immunity 2018; 48:1245-1257.e9. [PMID: 29858010 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiota provides essential metabolites to the host and promotes the differentiation and accumulation of extrathymically generated regulatory T (pTreg) cells. To explore the impact of these cells on intestinal microbial communities, we assessed the composition of the microbiota in pTreg cell-deficient and -sufficient mice. pTreg cell deficiency led to heightened type 2 immune responses triggered by microbial exposure, which disrupted the niche of border-dwelling bacteria early during colonization. Moreover, impaired pTreg cell generation led to pervasive changes in metabolite profiles, altered features of the intestinal epithelium, and reduced body weight in the presence of commensal microbes. Absence of a single species of bacteria depleted in pTreg cell-deficient animals, Mucispirillum schaedleri, partially accounted for the sequelae of pTreg cell deficiency. These observations suggest that pTreg cells modulate the metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota by restraining immune defense mechanisms that may disrupt a particular bacterial niche.
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Chronic features of allergic asthma are enhanced in the absence of resistin-like molecule-beta. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7061. [PMID: 29728628 PMCID: PMC5935686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by inflammation and architectural changes in the lungs. A number of immune cells and mediators are recognized as initiators of asthma, although therapeutics based on these are not always effective. The multifaceted nature of this syndrome necessitate continued exploration of immunomodulators that may play a role in pathogenesis. We investigated the role of resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β), a gut antibacterial, in the development and pathogenesis of Aspergillus-induced allergic airways disease. Age and gender matched C57BL/6J and Retnlb−/− mice rendered allergic to Aspergillus fumigatus were used to measure canonical markers of allergic asthma at early and late time points. Inflammatory cells in airways were similar, although Retnlb−/− mice had reduced tissue inflammation. The absence of RELM-β elevated serum IgA and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs at homeostasis. Markers of chronic disease including goblet cell numbers, Muc genes, airway wall remodelling, and hyperresponsiveness were greater in the absence RELM-β. Specific inflammatory mediators important in antimicrobial defence in allergic asthma were also increased in the absence of RELM-β. These data suggest that while characteristics of allergic asthma develop in the absence of RELM-β, that RELM-β may reduce the development of chronic markers of allergic airways disease.
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