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Wang Z, Shao J. Fungal vaccines and adjuvants: a tool to reveal the interaction between host and fungi. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:293. [PMID: 38850421 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections are incurring high risks in a range from superficial mucosal discomforts (such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) to disseminated life-threatening diseases (such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis) and becoming a global health problem in especially immunodeficient population. The major obstacle to conquer fungal harassment lies in the presence of increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents used in newly clinically isolated strains. Although recombinant cytokines and mono-/poly-clonal antibodies are added into antifungal armamentarium, more effective antimycotic drugs are exceedingly demanded. It is comforting that the development of fungal vaccines and adjuvants opens up a window to brighten the prospective way in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of fungal assaults. In this review, we focus on the progression of several major fungal vaccines devised for the control of Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., Coccidioides spp., Paracoccidioides spp., Blastomyces spp., Histoplasma spp., Pneumocystis spp. as well as the adjuvants adopted. We then expound the interaction between fungal vaccines/adjuvants and host innate (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils), humoral (IgG, IgM and IgA) and cellular (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tc17) immune responses which generally experience immune recognition of pattern recognition receptors, activation of immune cells, and clearance of invaded fungi. Furthermore, we anticipate an in-depth understanding of immunomodulatory properties of univalent and multivalent vaccines against diverse opportunistic fungi, providing helpful information in the design of novel fungal vaccines and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Anti-Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Shu L, Xu H, Ji J, Xu Y, Dong Z, Wu Y, Guo Y. Long-Term Accumulation of T Cytotoxic 1, T Cytotoxic 17, and T Cytotoxic 17/1 Cells in the Brain Contributes to Microglia-Mediated Chronic Neuroinflammation After Ischemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:17. [PMID: 38684592 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke neuroinflammation affects the damage and recovery of neurological functions. T cells including CD8+ T cells were present in the ipsilateral hemisphere in the subacute and late phases of ischemic stroke. However, the potential roles of CD8+ T cell subsets in the progression of neuroinflammation have not been characterized. In the current mouse transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we investigated the existence of CD8+ T cell subsets in the ipsilateral hemisphere in the subacute and late phases of stroke. We found that ipsilateral CD8+ T cells were present on post-stroke day 3 and increased on post-stroke day 30. The day-3 ipsilateral CD8+ T cells predominantly produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ), while the day-30 ipsilateral CD8+ T cells co-expressed IFN-γ and interleukin-17A (IL-17A). In addition, evaluation of cytokines and transcription factors of the day-30 ipsilateral CD8+ T cells revealed the presence of T cytotoxic 1 (Tc1), T cytotoxic 17 (Tc17), and T cytotoxic 17/1 (Tc17/1) cells. Furthermore, based on the expression of a series of chemokine/cytokine receptors, viable ipsilateral Tc1, Tc17, and Tc17.1 cells were identified and enriched from the day-30 ipsilateral CD8+ T cells, respectively. Co-culture of microglia with ipsilateral Tc1, Tc17, or Tc17.1 cells indicated that the three CD8+ T cell subsets up-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by microglia, with Tc17.1 cells being the most potent cell in doing so. Collectively, this study sheds light on the contributions of Tc1, Tc17, and Tc17.1 cells to long-term neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Department of Neurology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziyue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ishimoto T, Arakawa Y, Vural S, Stöhr J, Vollmer S, Galinski A, Siewert K, Rühl G, Poluektov Y, Delcommenne M, Horvath O, He M, Summer B, Pohl R, Alharbi R, Dornmair K, Arakawa A, Prinz JC. Multiple environmental antigens may trigger autoimmunity in psoriasis through T-cell receptor polyspecificity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374581. [PMID: 38524140 PMCID: PMC10958380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis is a T-cell mediated autoimmune skin disease. HLA-C*06:02 is the main psoriasis-specific risk gene. Using a Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 T-cell receptor (TCR) from a lesional psoriatic CD8+ T-cell clone we had discovered that, as an underlying pathomechanism, HLA-C*06:02 mediates an autoimmune response against melanocytes in psoriasis, and we had identified an epitope from ADAMTS-like protein 5 (ADAMTSL5) as a melanocyte autoantigen. The conditions activating the psoriatic autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals throughout life remain incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to identify environmental antigens that might trigger autoimmunity in psoriasis because of TCR polyspecificity. Methods We screened databases with the peptide recognition motif of the Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 TCR for environmental proteins containing peptides activating this TCR. We investigated the immunogenicity of these peptides for psoriasis patients and healthy controls by lymphocyte stimulation experiments and peptide-loaded HLA-C*06:02 tetramers. Results We identified peptides from wheat, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbiota, tobacco, and pathogens that activated both the Vα3S1/Vβ13S1 TCR and CD8+ T cells from psoriasis patients. Using fluorescent HLA-C*06:02 tetramers loaded with ADAMTSL5 or wheat peptides, we find that the same CD8+ T cells may recognize both autoantigen and environmental antigens. A wheat-free diet could alleviate psoriasis in several patients. Discussion Our results show that due to TCR polyspecificity, several environmental antigens corresponding to previously suspected psoriasis risk conditions converge in the reactivity of a pathogenic psoriatic TCR and might thus be able to stimulate the psoriatic autoimmune response against melanocytes. Avoiding the corresponding environmental risk factors could contribute to the management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ishimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yukiyasu Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Secil Vural
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Stöhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Vollmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Galinski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geraldine Rühl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Orsolya Horvath
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Pohl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rehab Alharbi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Akiko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg C. Prinz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Peng Y, Zhang X, Tang Y, He S, Rao G, Chen Q, Xue Y, Jin H, Liu S, Zhou Z, Xiang Y. Role of autoreactive Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NEUROPROTECTION 2024; 2:49-59. [DOI: 10.1002/nep3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE—an animal model of MS) is primarily mediated by T cells. However, recent studies have only focused on interleukin (IL)‐17‐secreting CD4+ T‐helper cells, also known as Th17 cells. This study aimed to compare Th17 cells and IL‐17‐secreting CD8+ T‐cytotoxic cells (Tc17) in the context of MS/EAE.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides 35–55 (MOG35–55), pertussis toxin, and complete Freund's adjuvant to establish the EAE animal model. T cells were isolated from the spleen (12–14 days postimmunization). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified using isolation kit and then differentiated into Th17 and Tc17, respectively, using MOG35–55 and IL‐23. The secretion levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐17 were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using cultured CD4+ and CD8+ T cell supernatants. The pathogenicity of Tc17 and Th17 cells was assessed through adoptive transfer (tEAE), with the clinical course assessed using an EAE score (0–5). Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Luxol fast blue staining were used to examine the spinal cord. Purified CD8+ CD3+ and CD4+ CD3+ cells differentiated into Tc17 and Th17 cells, respectively, were stimulated with MOG35–55 peptide for proliferation assays.ResultsThe results showed that Tc17 cells (15,951 ± 1985 vs. 55,709 ± 4196 cpm; p < 0.050) exhibited a weaker response to highest dose (20 μg/mL) MOG35–55 than Th17 cells. However, this response was not dependent on Th17 cells. After the 48 h stimulation, at the highest dose (20 μg/mL) of MOG35–55. Tc17 cells secreted lower levels of IFN‐γ (280.00 ± 15.00 vs. 556.67 ± 15.28 pg/mL, p < 0.050) and IL‐17 (102.67 ± 5.86 pg/mL vs. 288.33 ± 12.58 pg/mL; p < 0.050) than Th17 cells. Similar patterns were observed for IFN‐γ secretion at 96 and 144 h. Furthermore, Tc17 cell‐induced tEAE mice exhibited similar EAE scores to Th17 cell‐induced tEAE mice and also showed similar inflammation and demyelination.ConclusionThe degree of pathogenicity of Tc17 cells in EAE is lower than that of Th17 cells. Future investigation on different immune cells and EAE models is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yandan Tang
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shunqing He
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Guilan Rao
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Yahui Xue
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
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5
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Neyens D, Hirsch T, Abdel Aziz Issa Abdel Hadi A, Dauguet N, Vanhaver C, Bayard A, Wildmann C, Luyckx M, Squifflet JL, D’Hondt Q, Duhamel C, Huaux A, Montiel V, Dechamps M, van der Bruggen P. HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308539. [PMID: 38187391 PMCID: PMC10770868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transcription factor HELIOS is primarily known for its expression in CD4 regulatory T cells, both in humans and mice. In mice, HELIOS is found in exhausted CD8 T cells. However, information on human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is limited and conflicting. Methods In this study, we characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells. Results These T cells primarily consist of memory cells and constitute approximately 21% of blood CD8 T cells. In comparison with memory HELIOS- T-BEThigh CD8 T cells that displayed robust effector functions, the memory HELIOS+ T-BEThigh CD8 T cells produce lower amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α and have a lower cytotoxic potential. We wondered if these cells participate in the immune response against viral antigens, but did not find HELIOS+ cells among CD8 T cells recognizing CMV peptides presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-B7. However, we found HELIOS+ CD8 T cells that recognize a CMV peptide presented by MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E. Additionally, a portion of HELIOS+ CD8 T cells is characterized by the expression of CD161, often used as a surface marker for identifying TC17 cells. These CD8 T cells express TH17/TC17-related genes encoding RORgt, RORa, PLZF, and CCL20. Discussion Our findings emphasize that HELIOS is expressed across various CD8 T cell populations, highlighting its significance beyond its role as a transcription factor for Treg or exhausted murine CD8 T cells. The significance of the connection between HELIOS and HLA-E restriction is yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Neyens
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibault Hirsch
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Dauguet
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Bayard
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Wildmann
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Luyckx
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Département de gynécologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Squifflet
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Département de gynécologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin D’Hondt
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Duhamel
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Huaux
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Montiel
- Unité de soins intensifs, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Dechamps
- Unité de soins intensifs, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre van der Bruggen
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wavre, Belgium
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Koh CH, Lee S, Kwak M, Kim BS, Chung Y. CD8 T-cell subsets: heterogeneity, functions, and therapeutic potential. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2287-2299. [PMID: 37907738 PMCID: PMC10689838 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells play crucial roles in immune surveillance and defense against infections and cancer. After encountering antigenic stimulation, naïve CD8 T cells differentiate and acquire effector functions, enabling them to eliminate infected or malignant cells. Traditionally, cytotoxic T cells, characterized by their ability to produce effector cytokines and release cytotoxic granules to directly kill target cells, have been recognized as the constituents of the predominant effector T-cell subset. However, emerging evidence suggests distinct subsets of effector CD8 T cells that each exhibit unique effector functions and therapeutic potential. This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of CD8 T-cell subsets and the contributions of these cells to various disease pathologies. Understanding the diverse roles and functions of effector CD8 T-cell subsets is crucial to discern the complex dynamics of immune responses in different disease settings. Furthermore, the development of immunotherapeutic approaches that specifically target and regulate the function of distinct CD8 T-cell subsets holds great promise for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kwak
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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Hipp AV, Bengsch B, Globig AM. Friend or Foe - Tc17 cell generation and current evidence for their importance in human disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad010. [PMID: 38567057 PMCID: PMC10917240 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The term Tc17 cells refers to interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing CD8+ T cells. While IL-17 is an important mediator of mucosal defense, it is also centrally involved in driving the inflammatory response in immune-mediated diseases, such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to gather the current knowledge on the phenotypic and transcriptional profile, the in vitro and in vivo generation of Tc17 cells, and the evidence pointing towards a relevant role of Tc17 cells in human diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer, and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Veronika Hipp
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Picard FSR, Lutz V, Brichkina A, Neuhaus F, Ruckenbrod T, Hupfer A, Raifer H, Klein M, Bopp T, Pfefferle PI, Savai R, Prinz I, Waisman A, Moos S, Chang HD, Heinrich S, Bartsch DK, Buchholz M, Singh S, Tu M, Klein L, Bauer C, Liefke R, Burchert A, Chung HR, Mayer P, Gress TM, Lauth M, Gaida M, Huber M. IL-17A-producing CD8 + T cells promote PDAC via induction of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-327855. [PMID: 36759154 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by an abundant desmoplastic stroma composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and interspersed immune cells. A non-canonical CD8+ T-cell subpopulation producing IL-17A (Tc17) promotes autoimmunity and has been identified in tumours. Here, we evaluated the Tc17 role in PDAC. DESIGN Infiltration of Tc17 cells in PDAC tissue was correlated with patient overall survival and tumour stage. Wild-type (WT) or Il17ra-/- quiescent pancreatic stellate cells (qPSC) were exposed to conditional media obtained from Tc17 cells (Tc17-CM); moreover, co-culture of Tc17-CM-induced inflammatory (i)CAF (Tc17-iCAF) with tumour cells was performed. IL-17A/F-, IL-17RA-, RAG1-deficient and Foxn1nu/nu mice were used to study the Tc17 role in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC mouse models. RESULTS Increased abundance of Tc17 cells highly correlated with reduced survival and advanced tumour stage in PDAC. Tc17-CM induced iCAF differentiation as assessed by the expression of iCAF-associated genes via synergism of IL-17A and TNF. Accordingly, IL-17RA controlled the responsiveness of qPSC to Tc17-CM. Pancreatic tumour cells co-cultured with Tc17-iCAF displayed enhanced proliferation and increased expression of genes implicated in proliferation, metabolism and protection from apoptosis. Tc17-iCAF accelerated growth of mouse and human tumours in Rag1-/- and Foxn1nu/nu mice, respectively. Finally, Il17ra-expressed by fibroblasts was required for Tc17-driven tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We identified Tc17 as a novel protumourigenic CD8+ T-cell subtype in PDAC, which accelerated tumour growth via IL-17RA-dependent stroma modification. We described a crosstalk between three cell types, Tc17, fibroblasts and tumour cells, promoting PDAC progression, which resulted in poor prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Lutz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brichkina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Neuhaus
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Ruckenbrod
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hupfer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core-Facility Flow Cytometry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig Universitat, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Moos
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Department of Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Division of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shiv Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mengyu Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Liefke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg Faculty of Medicine, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infection, Center for Tumor and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Joint Unit Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz and TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Zhang S, Zhou Y, Yang P, Jia S, Peng C, Hu H, Liu W. Characterization of pathogenic synovial IL-17A-producing CD8 + T cell subsets in collagen-induced arthritis. Cell Immunol 2023; 383:104655. [PMID: 36516652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using a murine collagen-induced arthritis model, we characterized the heterogeneity of synovial CD8+ T cells based on the expression of chemokine receptors, cytokines, and nuclear transcription factors. Four subsets, i.e. CXCR3-CCR4- cells, CXCR3+CCR4- cells, CXCR3+CCR4+ cells, and CXCR3-CCR4+ cells, were present in synovial CD8+CD62L-CCR6+IL-23R+CCR10- T cells. CXCR3-CCR4- cells belonged to exhausted CD8+ T cells. CXCR3+CCR4- cells were Tc17.1 cells expressing both IL-17A and IFN-γ. CXCR3+CCR4+ cells were transitional Tc17.1 cells expressing IL-17A but lower IFN-γ, and CXCR3-CCR4+ cells were Tc17 cells expressing IL-17A but no IFN-γ. Transitional Tc17.1 cells can differentiate into Tc17.1 cells in vitro under the instruction of IL-12. Tc17.1 cells and transitional Tc17.1 cells strongly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in synovial fibroblasts, whereas Tc17 cells were less potent in doing so. IFN-γ was involved in the higher pathogenicity of Tc17.1 cells and transitional Tc17.1 cells on synovial fibroblasts. This study expands the understanding of Tc17 biology by unveiling the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of synovial IL-17A-expressing CD8+ T cells. These heterogeneous IL-17A-expressing CD8+ T cells could be novel therapeutic targets in future arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Pu Yang
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Shuo Jia
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Haiqing Hu
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Division of Orthopedics & Arthritis, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430060, China.
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10
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Arra A, Lingel H, Pierau M, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. PD-1 limits differentiation and plasticity of Tc17 cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104730. [PMID: 37205114 PMCID: PMC10186197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of surface co-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1; CD279) has been established as an important immunotherapeutic approach to treat malignancies. On a cellular level, PD-1 is demonstrated to be of particular importance in inhibiting differentiation and effector function of cytotoxic Tc1 cells (CTLs). Nevertheless, the role of PD-1 in modulating interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8+ T-cells (Tc17 cells), which generally display suppressed cytotoxic nature, is not well understood. To evaluate the impact of PD-1 in Tc17 responses, we examined its functioning using different in vitro and in vivo models. Upon activation of CD8+ T-cells in Tc17 environment, we found that PD-1 was rapidly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T-cells and triggered a T-cell-internal mechanism that inhibited the expression of IL-17 and Tc17-supporting transcription factors pSTAT3 and RORγt. Expression of type17-polarising cytokine IL-21 and the receptor for IL-23 were also suppressed. Intriguingly, adoptively transferred, PD-1-/- Tc17 cells were highly efficient in rejection of established B16 melanoma in vivo and displayed Tc1 like characteristics ex vivo. When using IL-17A-eGFP reporter mice for in vitro fate tracking, IL-17A-eGFP expressing cells lacking PD-1 signaling upon re-stimulation with IL-12 quickly acquired Tc1 characteristics such as IFN-γ, and granzyme B expression, implicating lineage independent upregulation of CTL-characteristics that are needed for tumor control. In line with plasticity characteristics, absence of PD-1 signaling in Tc17 cells increased the expression of the stemness and persistence-associated molecules TCF1 and BCL6. Thus, PD-1 plays a central role in the specific suppression of Tc17 differentiation and its plasticity in relation to CTL-driven tumor rejection, which provides further explanation as to why the blockade of PD-1 is such an efficient therapeutic target for inducing tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arra
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University Hospital, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl,
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11
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Woodring T, Deepe GS, Levitz SM, Wuethrich M, Klein BS. They shall not grow mold: Soldiers of innate and adaptive immunity to fungi. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101673. [PMID: 36459927 PMCID: PMC10311222 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous commensals, seasoned predators, and important agents of emerging infectious diseases [1 ]. The immune system assumes the essential responsibility for responding intelligently to the presence of known and novel fungi to maintain host health. In this Review, we describe the immune responses to pathogenic fungi and the varied array of fungal agents confronting the vertebrate host within the broader context of fungal and animal evolution. We provide an overview of the mechanistic details of innate and adaptive antifungal immune responses, as well as ways in which these basic mechanisms support the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Woodring
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - George S Deepe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marcel Wuethrich
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA; Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA.
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12
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GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells are required to bolster vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia without causing overt pathology. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111543. [PMID: 36288707 PMCID: PMC9641983 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF co-expressing T17 cells instigate pathologic inflammation during autoimmune disorders, but their function in immunity to infections is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the role of GM-CSF+Tc17 cells for vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia and the cytokine requirements for their induction and memory homeostasis. Vaccine-induced GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells are necessary to bolster pulmonary fungal immunity without inflating pathology. Although GM-CSF expressing Tc17 cells preferentially elevate during the memory phase, their phenotypic attributes strongly suggest they are more like Tc17 cells than IFNγ-producing Tc1 cells. IL-1 and IL-23, but not GM-CSF, are necessary to elicit GM-CSF+Tc17 cells following vaccination. IL-23 is dispensable for memory Tc17 and GM-CSF+ Tc17 cell maintenance, but recall responses of effector or memory Tc17 cells in the lung require it. Our study reveals the beneficial, nonpathological role of GM-CSF+ Tc17 cells during fungal vaccine immunity. GM-CSF+ and IL-17A+ lineages of T cells are instrumental in controlling many fungal and bacterial infections and implicated in autoimmune pathology, host-microbial interactions at the mucosal surfaces, and neuro-immune nexus. Mudalagiriyappa et al. show that GM-CSF expressing Tc17 cells are necessary for mediating fungal vaccine immunity without augmenting pathology.
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13
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a pathologically similar disease used to model MS in rodents, are typical CD4+ T cell-dominated autoimmune diseases. CD4+ interleukin (IL)17+ T cells (Th17 cells) have been well studied and have shown that they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE. However, studies have suggested that CD8+IL17+ T cells (Tc17 cells) have a similar phenotype and cytokine and transcription factor profiles to those of Th17 cells and have been found to be crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including MS/EAE, psoriasis, type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the evidence for this is indirect and insufficient. Therefore, we searched for related publications and attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of MS/EAE, as well as in the pathogenesis of other autoimmune diseases, and to find out whether Tc17 cells or Th17 cells play a more critical role in autoimmune disease, especially in MS and EAE pathogenesis, or whether the interaction between these two cell types plays a critical role in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Xiang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yandan Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, China
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14
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Sharma J, Mudalagiriyappa S, Nanjappa SG. T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905867. [PMID: 36177012 PMCID: PMC9513067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fungal vaccine research emanated significant findings in the field of antifungal T-cell immunity. The generation of effector T cells is essential to combat many mucosal and systemic fungal infections. The development of antifungal memory T cells is integral for controlling or preventing fungal infections, and understanding the factors, regulators, and modifiers that dictate the generation of such T cells is necessary. Despite the deficiency in the clear understanding of antifungal memory T-cell longevity and attributes, in this review, we will compile some of the existing literature on antifungal T-cell immunity in the context of memory T-cell development against fungal infections.
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15
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Alhabbab RY, Algaissi A, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Al-Amri S, Alfaleh MA, Basabrain M, Alsubki RA, Almarshad IS, Alhudaithi AM, Gafari OAA, Alshamlan YA, Aldossari HM, Alsafi MM, Bukhari A, Bajhmom W, Memish ZA, Al Salem WS, Hashem AM. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Elicits Long-lasting Specific Antibody, T and B Cell Immune Responses in Recovered Individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e308-e318. [PMID: 35675306 PMCID: PMC9384236 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic betacoronavirus and a global public health concern. Better undersetting of the immune responses to MERS-CoV is needed to characterize the correlates of protection and durability of the immunity and to aid in developing preventative and therapeutic interventions. Although MERS-CoV-specific circulating antibodies could persist for several years post-recovery, their waning raises concerns about their durability and role in protection. Nonetheless, memory B and T cells could provide long-lasting protective immunity despite the serum antibodies levels. METHODS Serological and flow cytometric analysis of MERS-CoV-specific immune responses were performed on samples collected from a cohort of recovered individuals who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission as well as hospital or home isolation several years after infection to characterize the longevity and quality of humoral and cellular immune responses. RESULTS Our data showed that MERS-CoV infection could elicit robust long-lasting virus-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as T- and B-cell responses up to 6.9 years postinfection regardless of disease severity or need for ICU admission. Apart from the persistent high antibody titers, this response was characterized by B-cell subsets with antibody-independent functions as demonstrated by their ability to produce tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) cytokines in response to antigen stimulation. Furthermore, virus-specific activation of memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets from MERS-recovered patients resulted in secretion of high levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS MERS-CoV infection could elicit robust long-lasting virus-specific humoral and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sawsan Al-Amri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Basabrain
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua Abdullah Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Research & Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Waleed S Al Salem
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Correspondence: A. M. Hashem, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ()
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16
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Liu CH, Lin BS, Wu MY, Song YC, Ke TW, Chou YL, Liu CT, Lin CH, Radojcic V, Drake C, Yen HR. Adoptive transfer of IL-4 reprogrammed Tc17 cells elicits anti-tumor immunity through functional plasticity. Immunology 2022; 166:310-326. [PMID: 35322421 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ability of IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) to transform into cytotoxic anti-tumor effectors makes them a promising candidate for immune effector cell (IEC) therapy. However, key factors regulating Tc17 reprograming remain poorly defined, hindering translation of Tc17-based IEC use from bench to bedside. We probed the effects of multiple cytokines and underlying signaling pathways on Tc17 cells and identified pivotal role for IL-4 and PI3K/AKT in promoting Tc17 transformation into cytotoxic IFN-γ-producing IECs, an effect dependent on Eomes expression. IL-4 not only triggered Tc17 cytotoxicity, but also induced cell expansion, which significantly improved the antitumor potential of Tc17 cells compared to that of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc1) in a murine model. Furthermore, IL-4/AKT signaling drove the upregulation of the T-cell receptor-associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (Trat1) in Tc17 cells to promote IL-4-induced T-cell receptor stabilization and Tc17 cytotoxicity. Finally, we proposed a possible procedure to expand human Tc17 from peripheral blood of cancer patients, and confirmed the function of IL-4 in Tc17 reprogramming. Collectively, these results document a novel IL-4/AKT/Eomes/Trat1 axis that promotes expansion and transformation of Tc17 cells into cytotoxic effectors with a therapeutic potential. IL-4 priming of Tc17 cells should be further explored as a cell therapy engineering strategy to generate IECs to augment anti-tumor responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shiou Lin
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yao Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Chou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Teng Liu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Lin
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vedran Radojcic
- Division of Hematology & Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Charles Drake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Vaccine protection by Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 is mediated by γδ T cells via TLR2 signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1416-1430. [PMID: 36229573 PMCID: PMC9705245 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that administration of Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 mutant vaccine, accumulating sterylglucosides (SGs) and having normal capsule (GXM), protects mice from a subsequent infection even during CD4+ T cells deficiency, a condition commonly associated with cryptococcosis. Here, we studied the immune mechanism that confers host protection during CD4+T deficiency. Mice receiving Δsgl1 vaccine produce IFNγ and IL-17A during CD4+ T (or CD8+ T) deficiency, and protection was lost when either cytokine was neutralized. IFNγ and/or IL-17A are produced by γδ T cells, and mice lacking these cells are no longer protected. Interestingly, ex vivo γδ T cells are highly stimulated in producing IFNγ and/or IL-17A by Δsgl1 vaccine, but this production was significantly decreased when cells were incubated with C. neoformans Δcap59/Δsgl1 mutant, accumulating SGs but lacking GXM. GXM modulates toll-like receptors (TLRs), including TLR2. Importantly, neither Δsgl1 nor Δcap59/Δsgl1 stimulate IFNγ or IL-17A production by ex vivo γδ T cells from TLR2-/- mice. Finally, TLR2-/- animals do not produce IL-17A in response to Δsgl1 vaccine and were no longer protected from WT challenge. Our results suggest that SGs may act as adjuvants for GXM to stimulate γδ T cells in producing IFNγ and IL-17A via TLR2, a mechanism that is still preserved upon CD4+ T deficiency.
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18
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Kim DH, Kim HY, Lee WW. Induction of Unique STAT Heterodimers by IL-21 Provokes IL-1RI Expression on CD8 + T Cells, Resulting in Enhanced IL-1β Dependent Effector Function. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e33. [PMID: 34796037 PMCID: PMC8568912 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β plays critical roles in the priming and effector phases of immune responses such as the differentiation, commitment, and memory formation of T cells. In this context, several reports have suggested that the IL-1β signal is crucial for CTL-mediated immune responses to viral infections and tumors. However, little is known regarding whether IL-1β acts directly on CD8+ T cells and what the molecular mechanisms underlying expression of IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) on CD8+ T cells and features of IL-1R+CD8+ T cells are. Here, we provide evidence that the expression of IL-1R type I (IL-1RI), the functional receptor of IL-1β, is preferentially induced by IL-21 on TCR-stimulated CD8+ T cells. Further, IL-1β enhances the effector function of CD8+ T cells expressing IL-21-induced IL-1RI by increasing cytokine production and release of cytotoxic granules containing granzyme B. The IL-21-IL-1RI-IL-1β axis is involved in an augmented effector function through regulation of transcription factors BATF, Blimp-1, and IRF4. Moreover, this axis confers a unique effector function to CD8+ T cells compared to conventional type 1 cytotoxic T cells differentiated with IL-12. Chemical inhibitor and immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that IL-21 induces a unique pattern of STAT activation with the formation of both STAT1:STAT3 and STAT3:STAT5 heterodimers, which are critical for the induction of IL-1RI on TCR-stimulated CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we propose that induction of a novel subset of IL-1RI-expressing CD8+ T cells by IL-21 may be beneficial to the protective immune response against viral infections and is therefore important to consider for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea
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19
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Abstract
The immune (innate and adaptive) system has evolved to protect the host from any danger present in the surrounding outer environment (microbes and associated MAMPs or PAMPs, xenobiotics, and allergens) and dangers originated within the host called danger or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and recognizing and clearing the cells dying due to apoptosis. It also helps to lower the tissue damage during trauma and initiates the healing process. The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in recognizing different PAMPs or MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate the pro-inflammatory immune response to clear them. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are first recognized PRRs and their discovery proved milestone in the field of immunology as it filled the gap between the first recognition of the pathogen by the immune system and the initiation of the appropriate immune response required to clear the infection by innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells or DCs, and mast cells). However, in addition to their expression by innate immune cells and controlling their function, TLRs are also expressed by adaptive immune cells. We have identified 10 TLRs (TLR1-TLR10) in humans and 12 TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) in laboratory mice till date as TLR10 in mice is present only as a defective pseudogene. The present chapter starts with the introduction of innate immunity, timing of TLR evolution, and the evolution of adaptive immune system and its receptors (T cell receptors or TCRs and B cell receptors or BCRs). The next section describes the role of TLRs in the innate immune function and signaling involved in the generation of inflammation. The subsequent sections describe the expression and function of different TLRs in murine and human adaptive immune cells (B cells and different types of T cells, including CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+CD25+Tregs, and CD8+CD25+Tregs, etc.). The modulation of TLRs expressed on T and B cells has a great potential to develop different vaccine candidates, adjuvants, immunotherapies to target various microbial infections, including current COVID-19 pandemic, cancers, and autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Kingstad-Bakke B, Toy R, Lee W, Pradhan P, Vogel G, Marinaik CB, Larsen A, Gates D, Luu T, Pandey B, Kawaoka Y, Roy K, Suresh M. Polymeric Pathogen-Like Particles-Based Combination Adjuvants Elicit Potent Mucosal T Cell Immunity to Influenza A Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:559382. [PMID: 33767689 PMCID: PMC7986715 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eliciting durable and protective T cell-mediated immunity in the respiratory mucosa remains a significant challenge. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based cationic pathogen-like particles (PLPs) loaded with TLR agonists mimic biophysical properties of microbes and hence, simulate pathogen-pattern recognition receptor interactions to safely and effectively stimulate innate immune responses. We generated micro particle PLPs loaded with TLR4 (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant, GLA) or TLR9 (CpG) agonists, and formulated them with and without a mucosal delivery enhancing carbomer-based nanoemulsion adjuvant (ADJ). These adjuvants delivered intranasally to mice elicited high numbers of influenza nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CD8+ and CD4+ effector and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) in lungs and airways. PLPs delivering TLR4 versus TLR9 agonists drove phenotypically and functionally distinct populations of effector and memory T cells. While PLPs loaded with CpG or GLA provided immunity, combining the adjuvanticity of PLP-GLA and ADJ markedly enhanced the development of airway and lung TRMs and CD4 and CD8 T cell-dependent immunity to influenza virus. Further, balanced CD8 (Tc1/Tc17) and CD4 (Th1/Th17) recall responses were linked to effective influenza virus control. These studies provide mechanistic insights into vaccine-induced pulmonary T cell immunity and pave the way for the development of a universal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Kingstad-Bakke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Randall Toy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Woojong Lee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pallab Pradhan
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gabriela Vogel
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chandranaik B Marinaik
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Autumn Larsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Daisy Gates
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tracy Luu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bhawana Pandey
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yoshihoro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Puerta-Arias JD, Mejía SP, González Á. The Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Endemic and Systemic Mycoses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:595301. [PMID: 33425780 PMCID: PMC7793882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.595301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic and endemic mycoses are considered life-threatening respiratory diseases which are caused by a group of dimorphic fungal pathogens belonging to the genera Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Talaromyces, and the newly described pathogen Emergomyces. T-cell mediated immunity, mainly T helper (Th)1 and Th17 responses, are essential for protection against these dimorphic fungi; thus, IL-17 production is associated with neutrophil and macrophage recruitment at the site of infection accompanied by chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines production, a mechanism that is mediated by some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Dectin-1, Dectine-2, TLRs, Mannose receptor (MR), Galectin-3 and NLPR3, and the adaptor molecules caspase adaptor recruitment domain family member 9 (Card9), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). However, these PRRs play distinctly different roles for each pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils have been confirmed as a source of IL-17, and different neutrophil subsets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have also been described as participating in the inflammatory process in these fungal infections. However, both the Th17/IL-17 axis and neutrophils appear to play different roles, being beneficial mediating fungal controls or detrimental promoting disease pathologies depending on the fungal agent. This review will focus on highlighting the role of the IL-17 axis and neutrophils in the main endemic and systemic mycoses: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Susana P Mejía
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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22
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Immune defence to invasive fungal infections: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Normile TG, Bryan AM, Del Poeta M. Animal Models of Cryptococcus neoformans in Identifying Immune Parameters Associated With Primary Infection and Reactivation of Latent Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581750. [PMID: 33042164 PMCID: PMC7522366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus species are environmental fungal pathogens and the causative agents of cryptococcosis. Infection occurs upon inhalation of infectious particles, which proliferate in the lung causing a primary infection. From this primary lung infection, fungal cells can eventually disseminate to other organs, particularly the brain, causing lethal meningoencephalitis. However, in most cases, the primary infection resolves with the formation of a lung granuloma. Upon severe immunodeficiency, dormant cryptococcal cells will start proliferating in the lung granuloma and eventually will disseminate to the brain. Many investigators have sought to study the protective host immune response to this pathogen in search of host parameters that keep the proliferation of cryptococcal cells under control. The majority of the work assimilates research carried out using the primary infection animal model, mainly because a reactivation model has been available only very recently. This review will focus on anti-cryptococcal immunity in both the primary and reactivation models. An understanding of the differences in host immunity between the primary and reactivation models will help to define the key host parameters that control the infections and are important for the research and development of new therapeutic and vaccine strategies against cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Arielle M Bryan
- Ingenious Targeting Laboratory Incorporated, Ronkonkoma, NY, United States
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
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24
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Lückel C, Picard FSR, Huber M. Tc17 biology and function: Novel concepts. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1257-1267. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lückel
- Institute for ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Felix. S. R. Picard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneUniversity of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital HygieneUniversity of Marburg Marburg Germany
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25
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St Paul M, Ohashi PS. The Roles of CD8 + T Cell Subsets in Antitumor Immunity. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:695-704. [PMID: 32624246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells are typically thought to be a homogenous group of cytotoxic cells that produce interferon-(IFN) γ. However, recent findings have challenged this notion because multiple subsets of CD8+ T cells have been described, each with distinct effector functions and cytotoxic potential. These subsets, referred to as the Tc subsets, have also been detected in tumor microenvironments (TMEs), where they potentially influence the antitumor response and patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the prevalence and roles of Tc subsets in the TME. We also discuss their therapeutic applications in the context of adoptive immunotherapy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael St Paul
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1C1, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1C1, Canada.
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26
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Mielke LA, Liao Y, Clemens EB, Firth MA, Duckworth B, Huang Q, Almeida FF, Chopin M, Koay HF, Bell CA, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Park SL, Raghu D, Choi J, Putoczki TL, Hodgkin PD, Franks AE, Mackay LK, Godfrey DI, Davis MJ, Xue HH, Bryant VL, Kedzierska K, Shi W, Belz GT. TCF-1 limits the formation of Tc17 cells via repression of the MAF-RORγt axis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1682-1699. [PMID: 31142588 PMCID: PMC6605755 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mielke et al. show that TCF-1 limits IL-17–producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cell development from double-positive thymocytes through the sequential suppression of MAF and RORγt, while cementing conventional CD8+ T cell fate. Interleukin (IL)-17–producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells have emerged as key players in host-microbiota interactions, infection, and cancer. The factors that drive their development, in contrast to interferon (IFN)-γ–producing effector CD8+ T cells, are not clear. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor TCF-1 (Tcf7) regulates CD8+ T cell fate decisions in double-positive (DP) thymocytes through the sequential suppression of MAF and RORγt, in parallel with TCF-1–driven modulation of chromatin state. Ablation of TCF-1 resulted in enhanced Tc17 cell development and exposed a gene set signature to drive tissue repair and lipid metabolism, which was distinct from other CD8+ T cell subsets. IL-17–producing CD8+ T cells isolated from healthy humans were also distinct from CD8+IL-17− T cells and enriched in pathways driven by MAF and RORγt. Overall, our study reveals how TCF-1 exerts central control of T cell differentiation in the thymus by normally repressing Tc17 differentiation and promoting an effector fate outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Mielke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ella Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew A Firth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brigette Duckworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Qiutong Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francisca F Almeida
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn A Bell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Jarny Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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27
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Nanjappa SG, Mudalagiriyappa S, Fites JS, Suresh M, Klein BS. CBLB Constrains Inactivated Vaccine-Induced CD8 + T Cell Responses and Immunity against Lethal Fungal Pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1717-1726. [PMID: 30054317 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections in CD4+ T cell immunocompromised patients have risen sharply in recent years. Although vaccines offer a rational avenue to prevent infections, there are no licensed fungal vaccines available. Inactivated vaccines are safer but less efficacious and require adjuvants that may undesirably bias toward poor protective immune responses. We hypothesized that reducing the TCR signaling threshold could potentiate antifungal CD8+ T cell responses and immunity to inactivated vaccine in the absence of CD4+ T cells. In this study, we show that CBLB, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, suppresses CD8+ T cells in response to inactivated fungal vaccination in a mouse model of CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. Conversely, Cblb deficiency enhanced both the type 1 (e.g., IFN-γ) and type 17 (IL-17A) CD8+ T cell responses to inactivated fungal vaccines and augmented vaccine immunity to lethal fungal pneumonia. Furthermore, we show that immunization with live or inactivated vaccine yeast did not cause detectable pathologic condition in Cblb-/- mice. Augmented CD8+ T cell responses in the absence of CBLB also did not lead to terminal differentiation or adversely affect the expression of transcription factors T-bet, Eomes, and RORγt. Additionally, our adoptive transfer experiments showed that CBLB impedes the effector CD8+ T cell responses in a cell-intrinsic manner. Finally, we showed that ablation of Cblb overcomes the requirement of HIF-1α for expansion of CD8+ T cells upon vaccination. Thus, adjuvants that target CBLB may augment inactivated vaccines and immunity against systemic fungal infections in vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som G Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802;
| | | | - J Scott Fites
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792; and.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
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28
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McDermott AJ, Klein BS. Helper T-cell responses and pulmonary fungal infections. Immunology 2018; 155:155-163. [PMID: 29781185 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surface of the respiratory tract encounters microbes, such as fungal particles, with every inhaled breath. When pathogenic fungi breach the physical barrier and innate immune system within the lung to establish an infection, adaptive immunity is engaged, often in the form of helper CD4 T-cell responses. Type 1 responses, characterized by interferon-γ production from CD4 cells, promote clearance of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Likewise, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production from Th17 cells promotes immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides species infection by recruiting neutrophils. In contrast the development of T helper type 2 responses, characterized by IL-5 production from T cells and eosinophil influx into the lungs, drives allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and poor outcomes during C. neoformans infection. Experimental vaccines against several endemic mycoses, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus and Blastomyces dermatitidis, induce protective T-cell responses and foreshadow the development of vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections for use in humans. Additionally, recent work using antifungal T cells as immunotherapy to protect immune-compromised patients from opportunist fungal infections also shows great promise. This review covers the role of T-cell responses in driving protection and pathology in response to pulmonary fungal infections, and highlights promising therapeutic applications of antifungal T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDermott
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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29
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Flores-Santibáñez F, Cuadra B, Fernández D, Rosemblatt MV, Núñez S, Cruz P, Gálvez-Cancino F, Cárdenas JC, Lladser A, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR, Sauma D. In Vitro-Generated Tc17 Cells Present a Memory Phenotype and Serve As a Reservoir of Tc1 Cells In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:209. [PMID: 29472932 PMCID: PMC5809442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy because they can mediate long-term protection against tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of different in vitro-generated CD8+ T cell effector subsets to persist and become memory cells has not been fully characterized. Type 1 CD8+ T (Tc1) cells produce interferon-γ and are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity, whereas IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells are less cytotoxic but display enhanced self-renewal capacity. We sought to evaluate the functional properties of in vitro-generated Tc17 cells and elucidate their potential to become long lasting memory cells. Our results show that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells display a greater in vivo persistence and expansion in response to secondary antigen stimulation compared to Tc1 cells. When transferred into recipient mice, Tc17 cells persist in secondary lymphoid organs, present a recirculation behavior consistent with central memory T cells, and can shift to a Tc1 phenotype. Accordingly, Tc17 cells are endowed with a higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than Tc1 cells and express higher levels of memory-related molecules than Tc1 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro-generated Tc17 cells acquire a central memory program and provide a lasting reservoir of Tc1 cells in vivo, thus supporting the use of Tc17 lymphocytes in the design of novel and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Cuadra
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Fernández
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana V Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Núñez
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J César Cárdenas
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sauma
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Lionakis MS, Levitz SM. Host Control of Fungal Infections: Lessons from Basic Studies and Human Cohorts. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 36:157-191. [PMID: 29237128 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the AIDS pandemic and the significant advances in the medical management of individuals with neoplastic and inflammatory conditions have resulted in a dramatic increase in the population of immunosuppressed patients with opportunistic, life-threatening fungal infections. The parallel development of clinically relevant mouse models of fungal disease and the discovery and characterization of several inborn errors of immune-related genes that underlie inherited human susceptibility to opportunistic mycoses have significantly expanded our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that protect against ubiquitous fungal exposures. This review synthesizes immunological knowledge derived from basic mouse studies and from human cohorts and provides an overview of mammalian antifungal host defenses that show promise for informing therapeutic and vaccination strategies for vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655;
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