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Chen Q, Abudukeremu A, Li K, Zheng M, Li H, Huang T, Huang C, Wen K, Wang Y, Zhang Y. High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7856. [PMID: 39063097 PMCID: PMC11277419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. HDL-C is one content type of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL consists of diverse proteins and lipids and can be classified into different subclasses based on size, shape, charge, and density, and can change dynamically in disease states. Therefore, HDL-C levels alone cannot represent HDLs' cardioprotective role. In this review, we summarized the methods for separating HDL subclasses, the studies on the association between HDL subclasses and cardiovascular risk (CVR), and the impact of lipid-modifying medications and nonpharmacological approaches (exercise training, dietary omega fatty acids, and low-density lipoprotein apheresis) on HDL subclasses. As HDL is a natural nanoplatform, recombinant HDLs (rHDLs) have been used as a delivery system in vivo by loading small interfering RNA, drugs, contrast agents, etc. Therefore, we further reviewed the HDL subclasses used in rHDLs and their advantages and disadvantages. This review would provide recommendations and guidance for future studies on HDL subclasses' cardioprotective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Ayiguli Abudukeremu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Minglong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tongsheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Canxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kexin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Q.C.); (A.A.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (T.H.); (C.H.); (K.W.); (Y.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Martagon AJ, Zubirán R, González-Arellanes R, Praget-Bracamontes S, Rivera-Alcántara JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA. HDL abnormalities in type 2 diabetes: Clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117213. [PMID: 37580206 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the primary cause of mortality among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this population, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles exhibit abnormalities in number, composition, and function, culminating in diminished anti-atherosclerotic capabilities despite normal HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Hyperglycemic conditions contribute to these alterations in HDL kinetics, composition, and function, causing T2DM patients' HDL particles to exhibit decreased concentrations of diverse lipid species and proteins. Treatment of hyperglycemia has the potential to correct abnormal HDL particle attributes in T2DM; however, pharmacological interventions, including metformin and thiazolidinediones, yield inconsistent outcomes with respect to HDL-C concentrations and functionality. Despite numerous attempts with diverse drugs, pharmacologically augmenting HDL-C levels has not resulted in clinical benefits in mitigating ASCVD risk. In contrast, reducing Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via statins and ezetimibe has demonstrated significant efficacy in curtailing CVD risk among T2DM individuals. Promising results have been observed in animal models and early-phase trials utilizing recombinant HDL and Lecitin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) -enhancing agents, but the evaluation of their efficacy and safety in large-scale clinical trials is ongoing. While aberrant HDL metabolism constitutes a prevalent aspect of dyslipidemia in T2DM, HDL cholesterol concentrations and composition no longer offer valuable insights for informing therapeutic decisions. Nevertheless, HDL metabolism remains a critical research area in T2DM, necessitating further investigation to elucidate the role of HDL particles in the development of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro J Martagon
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Zubirán
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Samantha Praget-Bracamontes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Nasr A, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, Orchard T, Billheimer J, Wang NC, McConnell D, Rader DJ, El Khoudary SR. High-density lipoprotein metrics during midlife and future subclinical atherosclerosis in women: the SWAN HDL study. Menopause 2024; 31:567-574. [PMID: 38743910 PMCID: PMC11213666 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical utility of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in risk classification is limited, especially in midlife women. Novel metrics of HDL may better reflect this risk. We clustered a comprehensive profile of HDL metrics into favorable and unfavorable clusters and assessed how these two clusters are related to future subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima media thickness [cIMT], interadventitial diameter [IAD], and carotid plaque presence) in midlife women. METHODS Four hundred sixty-one women (baseline age: 50.4 [2.7] years; 272 White, 137 Black, 52 Chinese) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL ancillary study who had baseline measures of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC), lipid contents (HDL-phospholipids [HDL-PL] and HDL triglycerides [HDL-Tg]), and HDL particle (HDL-P) distribution and size, followed by carotid ultrasound (average 12.9 [SD: 2.6] years later), were included. Using latent cluster analysis, women were clustered into a favorable (high HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, less HDL-Tg and small HDL-P, larger size) or an unfavorable HDL cluster (low HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, more HDL-Tg, and small HDL-P, smaller size) and then linked to future subclinical atherosclerosis using linear or logistic regression. RESULTS The favorable HDL cluster was associated with lower cIMT, IAD, and odds of carotid plaque presence. These associations were attenuated by body mass index, except in Chinese women where the association with cIMT persisted (0.72 [0.63, 0.83]). CONCLUSIONS The association between favorable HDL clusters and a better postmenopausal subclinical atherosclerosis profile is largely explained by body mass index; however, racial/ethnic differences may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nasr
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria M. Brooks
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Suite 338, Pittsburgh PA 15213
| | - Trevor Orchard
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norman C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop Street, South Tower, 3 Floor, Room 352.9, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Daniel McConnell
- University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Public Health Building, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Ghaemi F, Rabizadeh S, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Asadigandomani H, Bafrani MA, Reyhan SK, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. ApoA1/HDL-C ratio as a predictor for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 38914982 PMCID: PMC11194875 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the possible relationship between the Apo lipoprotein A1 /high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ApoA1/HDL-C) ratio and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This was a matched case-control study of 482 patients with T2D in two groups of CAD and (n = 241) non-CAD (n = 241). The patients were classified into four quartiles according to the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between ApoA1/HDL-C and CAD. ROC analysis was also conducted. RESULTS This study showed that the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio has an independent association with CAD in individuals with T2D. The CAD group exhibited a significantly higher ApoA1/HDL-C ratio than those without CAD (p-value = 0.004). Moreover, the risk of CAD increased significantly across the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio quartiles, with the highest odds in the fourth quartile. The second quartile showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (p-value = 0.048) compared to the first. Moving to the third quartile, the OR increased to 2.23 (p-value = 0.023). The highest OR was noted in the fourth, reaching 3.41 (p-value = 0.001). Employing a cut-off value of 2.66 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.885, the ApoA1/HDL-C ratio predicts CAD among patients with T2D with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 91% (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The current study revealed an independent association between ApoA1/HDL-C ratio and CAD in patients with T2D. This ratio can be a promising tool for predicting CAD during the follow-up of patients with T2D, aiding in identifying those at higher risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ghaemi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yadegar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Asadigandomani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Arab Bafrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Karimpour Reyhan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen T, Wu S, Feng L, Long S, Liu Y, Lu W, Chen W, Hong G, Zhou L, Wang F, Luo Y, Zou H. The Association of HDL2b with Metabolic Syndrome Among Normal HDL-C Populations in Southern China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:363-377. [PMID: 38288339 PMCID: PMC10822767 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The annual prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. Therefore, early screening and recognition of MetS are critical. This study aimed to evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and MetS and to examine whether they could serve as early indicators in a Chinese community-based population with normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Methods We used microfluidic chip technology to measure HDL subclasses in 463 people with normal HDL levels in 2018. We assessed how HDL subclasses correlated with and predicted insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), evaluated by homeostatic model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the 2009 International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) criteria, respectively. We used correlation tests and ROC curves for the analysis. Results The results indicate that there was a negative association between HDL2b% and the risk of IR and MetS in both sexes. Subjects in the highest quartile of HDL2b% had a significantly lower prevalence of IR and MetS than those in the lowest quartile (P<0.01). Correlation analysis between HDL2b% and metabolic risk factors showed that HDL2b% had a stronger association with these factors than HDL-C did in both sexes. ROC curve analysis also showed that HDL2b% had significant diagnostic value for IR and MetS compared to other lipid indicators. Conclusion This study showed that MetS alters the distribution of HDL subclasses even when HDL-C levels are within the normal range. HDL-2b% has better diagnostic value for IR and MetS than HDL-C alone and may be a useful marker for early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiquan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYu Long
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenQian Lu
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoai Hong
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuechan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Hong BV, Zheng J, Zivkovic AM. HDL Function across the Lifespan: From Childhood, to Pregnancy, to Old Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15305. [PMID: 37894984 PMCID: PMC10607703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles has emerged as a promising therapeutic target and the measurement of HDL function is a promising diagnostic across several disease states. The vast majority of research on HDL functional biology has focused on adult participants with underlying chronic diseases, whereas limited research has investigated the role of HDL in childhood, pregnancy, and old age. Yet, it is apparent that functional HDL is essential at all life stages for maintaining health. In this review, we discuss current data regarding the role of HDL during childhood, pregnancy and in the elderly, how disturbances in HDL may lead to adverse health outcomes, and knowledge gaps in the role of HDL across these life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.V.H.); (J.Z.)
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Excessive Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and Extremely High Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HALP) in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort Baseline. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051221. [PMID: 36904219 PMCID: PMC10005235 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has already been established that the consumption of alcoholic beverages increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in dose-response. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional analysis was carried out with 6132 participants of both sexes aged between 35 and 74 years, who were active and retired workers from six Brazilian states. Heavy drinkers were categorized by sex: men > 210 g/week and women > 140 g/week; moderate drinkers: men ≤ 209 g/week and women ≤ 139 g/week. The HDL-C level was dichotomized into normal (40 mg/dL-82.9 mg/dL) and extremely high (≥83 mg/dL). We used binary logistic regression to assess associations between baseline alcohol intake and HDL-C, which were adjusted for sex, age, income, physical activity, kilocalories and body mass index (BMI), and we found an positive association between extremely high HDL-C and the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. These participants were mostly women with a high income, lower waist circumference, kilocalorie consumption and also a higher consumption in all categories of alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with a higher probability of extremely high HDL-C.
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Choi KA, Kim JH, Ryu K, Kaushik N. Current Nanomedicine for Targeted Vascular Disease Treatment: Trends and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012397. [PMID: 36293254 PMCID: PMC9604340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been developed to deliver cargos effectively to the vascular system. Nanomedicine is a novel and effective approach for targeted vascular disease treatment including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, and cancer. It has been well known for some time that vascular disease patients have a higher cancer risk than the general population. During atherogenesis, the endothelial cells are activated to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin. This biological activation of endothelial cells gives a targetability clue for nanoparticle strategies. Nanoparticle formation has a passive targeting pathway due to the increased adhesion molecule expression on the cell surface as well as increased cell activation. In addition, the VCAM-1-targeting peptide has been widely used to target the inflamed endothelial cells. Biomimetic nanoparticles using platelet and leukocyte membrane fragment strategies have been promising techniques for targeted vascular disease treatment. Cyclodextrin, a natural oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic cavity, increase the solubility of cholesterol crystals at the atherosclerotic plaque site and has been used to deliver the hydrophobic drug statin as a therapeutic in a targeted manner. In summary, nanoparticles decorated with various targeting molecules will be an effective and promising strategy for targeted vascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Choi
- National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin 16979, Korea
| | - June Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Korea
| | - Kitae Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Suwon 18323, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (N.K.)
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9
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McEneny J, Henry SL, Woodside J, Moir S, Rudd A, Vaughan N, Thies F. Lycopene-rich diets modulate HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers without affecting lipoprotein size and distribution in moderately overweight, disease-free, middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:954593. [PMID: 35978954 PMCID: PMC9377013 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.954593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of lycopene-rich foods may lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Lycopene circulates in the blood bound to lipoproteins, including high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Preliminary data from our group showed that increased consumption of tomato-based food or lycopene supplement in middle-aged subjects led to functional changes to HDL's sub-fractions, HDL2 and HDL3. These changes were also associated with a decrease in serum amyloid A (SAA), potentially enhancing their anti-atherogenic properties. Objective We carried out a comprehensive randomized controlled intervention trial with healthy middle-aged volunteers to assess whether the consumption of tomato-based foods or lycopene supplements affects HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers, and lipoprotein subfractions size and distribution. Design Volunteers (225, aged 40–65 years) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary intervention groups and asked to consume a control diet (low in tomato-based foods, <10 mg lycopene/week), a lycopene-rich diet (224–350 mg lycopene/week), or the control diet with a lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week). HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Compliance was monitored by assessing lycopene concentration in serum. Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring SAA concentrations. HDL functionality was determined by monitoring paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed by NMR. Results Lycopene in serum and HDL significantly increased following consumption of both the high tomato diet and lycopene supplement (p ≤ 0.001 for both). Lycopene, either as a tomato-rich food or a supplement, enhanced both serum- and HDL3-PON-1 activities (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), while significantly reducing HDL3-SAA-related inflammation (p = 0.001). Lycopene supplement also significantly increased HDL3-LCAT activity (p = 0.05), and reduced the activity of both HDL2- and HDL3-CETP (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). These changes were not associated with changes in the subclasses distribution for all lipoprotein fractions or the size of lipoprotein subclasses. Conclusion Our results showed that dietary lycopene can significantly enhance HDL functionality, without associated changes in particle size and distribution, by modulating the activity of HDL-associated enzymes. Concomitantly, dietary lycopene significantly decreased serum- and HDL3-associated SAA, confirming that SAA may represent a sensitive inflammatory biomarker to dietary change. Clinical Trial Register (https://www.isrctn.com), ISRCTN34203810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McEneny
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah-Louise Henry
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Woodside
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Moir
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Rudd
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Vaughan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Thies
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhang Q, Jiang Z, Xu Y. HDL and Oxidation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:63-77. [PMID: 35575921 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will focus on HDLs' activity of inhibiting LDL oxidation and neutralizing some other oxidants. ApoA-I was known as the main antioxidant component in HDLs. The regulation of antioxidant capacity of HDL is mainly exhibited in regulation of apoA-I and alterations at the level of the HDL lipidome and the modifications of the proteome, especially MPO and PON1. HDL oxidation will influence the processes of inflammation and cholesterol transport, which are important processes in atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases, and many other diseases. In a word, HDL oxidation might be an effective antioxidant target in treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Bressan MC, Belo AT, Amaral A, Cordeiro D, Boari CA, Bettencourt C, van Harten S, Moreira O, da Gama LT, Almeida JM. The impact of genetic groups (Alentejano and F1 Landrace x Large White pigs) and body weight (90, 120 and 160kg) on blood metabolites. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Shinohata R, Shibakura M, Arao Y, Watanabe S, Hirohata S, Usui S. A high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but not high-cholesterol alone, increases free cholesterol and apoE-rich HDL serum levels in rats and upregulates hepatic ABCA1 expression. Biochimie 2022; 197:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Hancock-Cerutti W, Millar JS, Valentini S, Liu J, Billheimer JT, Rader DJ, Cuchel M. Assessing HDL Metabolism in Subjects with Elevated Levels of HDL Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:6862. [PMID: 34833954 PMCID: PMC8623898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is thought to be atheroprotective yet some patients with elevated HDL-C levels develop cardiovascular disease, possibly due to the presence of dysfunctional HDL. We aimed to assess the metabolic fate of circulating HDL particles in patients with high HDL-C with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) using in vivo dual labeling of its cholesterol and protein moieties. We measured HDL apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoA-II, free cholesterol (FC), and cholesteryl ester (CE) kinetics using stable isotope-labeled tracers (D3-leucine and 13C2-acetate) as well as ex vivo cholesterol efflux to HDL in subjects with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) CAD that had HDL-C levels >90th percentile. Healthy controls with HDL-C within the normal range (n = 6) who underwent the same procedures were used as the reference. Subjects with high HDL-C with and without CAD had similar plasma lipid levels and similar apoA-I, apoA-II, HDL FC, and CE pool sizes with no significant differences in fractional clearance rates (FCRs) or production rates (PRs) of these components between groups. Subjects with high HDL-C with and without CAD also had similar basal and cAMP-stimulated ex vivo cholesterol efflux to HDL. When all subjects were considered (n = 18), unstimulated non-ABCA1-mediated efflux (but not ABCA1-specific efflux) was correlated positively with apoA-I production (r = 0.552, p = 0.017) and HDL FC and CE pool sizes, and negatively with the fractional clearance rate of FC (r = -0.759, p = 4.1 × 10-4) and CE (r = -0.652, p = 4.57 × 10-3). Our data are consistent with the concept that ex vivo non-ABCA1 efflux capacity may correlate with slower in vivo turnover of HDL cholesterol moieties. The use of a dual labeling protocol provided for the first time the opportunity to assess the association of ex vivo cholesterol efflux capacity with in vivo HDL cholesterol metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.H.-C.); (J.S.M.); (S.V.); (J.L.); (J.T.B.); (D.J.R.)
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14
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Banach M, Burchardt P, Chlebus K, Dobrowolski P, Dudek D, Dyrbuś K, Gąsior M, Jankowski P, Jóźwiak J, Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L, Kowalska I, Małecki M, Prejbisz A, Rakowski M, Rysz J, Solnica B, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G, Sypniewska G, Tomasik T, Windak A, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D, Cybulska B. PoLA/CFPiP/PCS/PSLD/PSD/PSH guidelines on diagnosis and therapy of lipid disorders in Poland 2021. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1447-1547. [PMID: 34900032 PMCID: PMC8641518 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Poland there are still nearly 20 million individuals with hypercholesterolaemia, most of them are unaware of their condition; that is also why only ca. 5% of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia have been diagnosed; that is why other rare cholesterol metabolism disorders are so rarely diagnosed in Poland. Let us hope that these guidelines, being an effect of work of experts representing 6 main scientific societies, as well as the network of PoLA lipid centers being a part of the EAS lipid centers, certification of lipidologists by PoLA, or the growing number of centers for rare diseases, with a network planned by the Ministry of Health, improvements in coordinated care for patients after myocardial infarction (KOS-Zawał), reimbursement of innovative agents, as well as introduction in Poland of an effective primary prevention program, will make improvement in relation to these unmet needs in diagnostics and treatment of lipid disorders possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Medicine, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Unit, J. Strus Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chlebus
- First Department and Chair of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dyrbuś
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department and Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rakowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Chair of Nephrology, Arterial Hypertension, and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, L. Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz
- Department and Chair of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, K. Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Cybulska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Jensen MK, He Z, Cai T. Biomarker evaluation under imperfect nested case-control design. Stat Med 2021; 40:4035-4052. [PMID: 33915597 PMCID: PMC8286316 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nested case-control (NCC) design has been widely adopted as a cost-effective sampling design for biomarker research. Under the NCC design, markers are only measured for the NCC subcohort consisting of all cases and a fraction of the controls selected randomly from the matched risk sets of the cases. Robust methods for evaluating prediction performance of risk models have been derived under the inverse probability weighting framework. The probabilities of samples being included in the NCC cohort can be calculated based on the study design ``a previous study'' or estimated non-parametrically ``a previous study''. Neither strategy works well due to model mis-specification and the curse of dimensionality in practical settings where the sampling does not entirely follow the study design or depends on many factors. In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy to estimate the sampling probabilities based on a varying coefficient model, which attains a balance between robustness and the curse of dimensionality. The complex correlation structure induced by repeated finite risk set sampling makes the standard resampling procedure for variance estimation fail. We propose a perturbation resampling procedure that provides valid interval estimation for the proposed estimators. Simulation studies show that the proposed method performs well in finite samples. We apply the proposed method to the Nurses' Health Study II to develop and evaluate prediction models using clinical biomarkers for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Zeling He
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Duran MJ, Kannampuzha-Francis J, Nydam D, Behling-Kelly E. Characterization of Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Dairy Cattle Using High-Resolution Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.678085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins play critical roles in energy metabolism and inflammation. Concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are linked to reproductive outcomes and milk yields in dairy cattle. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are enzymatically formed in the blood from very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) following secretion by the liver, have been used as a surrogate marker of liver function due to the rapid influx of circulating VLDL into the lactating mammary gland. In humans, the composition of plasma lipoproteins is reflected in lipoprotein particle size distribution, and both of these parameters are highly predictive of disease development and related health outcomes. Bovine HDL are overall larger, less dense particles compared to human HDL. Lipoprotein particle size distribution in both health and disease is understudied in the bovine. We hypothesize that a more detailed analysis of lipoproteins could hold diagnostic and/or prognostic value in the study of dairy cattle health and production. In this study, we took the first steps in this characterization and used a high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic assay to better define LDL and HDL at the subfraction level in Holstein cows at different stages of lactation. We extensively characterized the lipoprotein particle size distribution in healthy lactating dairy cattle. We identified subfractions of LDL that were prominent only in the dry period and subfractions of HDL that were highest in cows during mid-lactation. Use of this method could be informative in the study of multiple herds and management strategies, including longitudinal evaluation of animals and production parameters.
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17
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Yoshida H. To be Functional, or not to be Low in Cholesterol, that is the Clinical Concern when Evaluating Anti-Atherosclerotic Actions of High-Density Lipoproteins. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:694-695. [PMID: 34024874 PMCID: PMC8265429 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Stadler JT, Wadsack C, Marsche G. Fetal High-Density Lipoproteins: Current Knowledge on Particle Metabolism, Composition and Function in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040349. [PMID: 33808220 PMCID: PMC8067099 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and other lipids carried by lipoproteins play an indispensable role in fetal development. Recent evidence suggests that maternally derived high-density lipoprotein (HDL) differs from fetal HDL with respect to its proteome, size, and function. Compared to the HDL of adults, fetal HDL is the major carrier of cholesterol and has a unique composition that implies other physiological functions. Fetal HDL is enriched in apolipoprotein E, which binds with high affinity to the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Thus, it appears that a primary function of fetal HDL is the transport of cholesterol to tissues as is accomplished by low-density lipoproteins in adults. The fetal HDL-associated bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate shows strong vasoprotective effects at the fetoplacental vasculature. Moreover, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 carried by fetal-HDL exerts anti-oxidative and athero-protective functions on the fetoplacental endothelium. Notably, the mass and activity of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 are about 5-fold lower in the fetus, accompanied by an attenuation of anti-oxidative activity of fetal HDL. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity is reduced in fetal circulation despite similar amounts of the enzyme in maternal and fetal serum. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fetal HDL as a potential vasoprotective lipoprotein during fetal development. We also provide an overview of whether and how the protective functionalities of HDL are impaired in pregnancy-related syndromes such as pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74115 (J.T.S.); +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-74115 (J.T.S.); +43-316-385-74128 (G.M.)
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19
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Shinohata R, Shiga Y, Miura SI, Hirohata S, Shibakura M, Ueno-Iio T, Watanabe S, Arao Y, Usui S. Low plasma apolipoprotein E-rich high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:531-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Chiappe EL, Martin M, Molli AI, Millan A, Tetzlaff W, Botta E, Ferraro F, Sáez MS, Lorenzon Gonzalez MV, Boero L, Sorroche P, Beskow A, Gutierrez M, Cerrone G, Gutt S, Frechtel G, Brites F. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Lipoprotein Metabolism and Markers of HDL Functionality in Morbid Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2020; 31:1092-1098. [PMID: 33128217 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morbid obesity represents the most severe form of obesity and surgical intervention would be its only successful treatment. Bariatric surgery could generate modifications in carbohydrate metabolism and in lipid profile plus lipoprotein-associated proteins and enzymes, such as lipoprotein-associated phoslipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and paraoxonase (PON) 1. The aim of the present study was to analyze changes in inflammation markers, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid parameters in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with morbid obesity were recruited. Evaluations were performed before (T0) and 1 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after surgery. Glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, and B plus Interleukin 1β and 6 levels in addition to CETP, Lp-PLA2, and PON 1 activities were determined. RESULTS Body mass index decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.01). An improvement in all markers of insulin resistance (p < 0.05) was observed at T1. hsCRP levels diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). Triglyceride levels decreased at T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). HDL-C and apo A-I showed a decrease at T1 which was completely reversed at T2 (p < 0.05). Lp-PLA2 activity increased at T1, which was reversed at T2 (p < 0.05), and CETP activity was diminished at T2 (p < 0.05). PON and ARE activities decreased at T1 and partially recovered at T2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results would be indicative of a favorable effect of bariatric surgery on markers of carbohydrate metabolism and cardiovascular disease lipid risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Iglesias Molli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Millan
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Botta
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Sáez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria V Lorenzon Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Sorroche
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Pres. Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Beskow
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Gutierrez
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Cerrone
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Gutt
- Servicio de Clinica Médica, Sección Nutrición, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Tte. Gral. Juan Domingo Perón 4190, C1199 ABH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Frechtel
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lipidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Makkar R, Behl T, Kumar A, Uddin MS, Bungau S. Untying the correlation between apolipoproteins and rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2020; 70:19-28. [PMID: 33057973 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The concentration of lipoproteins and apolipoprotein are extremely low in the synovial fluid of any healthy person as compared to the concentrations in plasma. However, in the synovial fluid of any diseased patient the amount of cholesterol and lipids is sharply increased. The current review defines the role of various apolipoproteins and lipoproteins and their constituent subfractions in the synovial fluid embarking its principal role in rheumatoid arthritis. It also explains the need to define synovial fluid lipids, lipoprotein particle subfractions and their constituent apolipoproteins in synovial fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various research and review articles highlighting the role of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins were procured from medical websites mainly Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, etc., and studied for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Mainly apolipoproteins A-1, B and E are prominently increased in chronic inflammatory joint disorders. Several theories have been proposed to understand the source of increase of lipids and apolipoproteins in synovial fluid of the diseased patients compared to healthy individuals, yet the precise mechanism is still not lucid. Lipoproteins are believed to play both functional role and pathological role in the synovial fluid. The activated T-lymphocytes in patients of RA lead to activation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukins which embark to be the principal mechanism for induction of the disease. It can be thus concluded that the apolipoproteins prevent the activation of monocytes by blocking their contact of activation and thus play critical role in management of RA by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashita Makkar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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22
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Engineered biomimetic nanoparticle for dual targeting of the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24205-24212. [PMID: 32934143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911229117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog subtype of medulloblastoma (SHH MB) is associated with treatment failure and poor outcome. Current strategies utilizing whole brain radiation therapy result in deleterious off-target effects on the normal developing childhood brain. Most conventional chemotherapies remain limited by ineffective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance. These challenges signify an unmet need for drug carriers that can cross the BBB and deliver drugs to targeted sites with high drug-loading efficiency and long-term stability. We herein leverage the enhanced stability and targeting ability of engineered high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanoparticles (eHNPs) to cross the BBB and deliver a SHH inhibitor effectively to the cancer stem-like cell population in SHH MB. Our microfluidic technology enabled highly reproducible production of multicomponent eHNPs incorporated with apolipoprotein A1, anti-CD15, and a SHH inhibitor (LDE225). We demonstrate the dual-targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic effect of eHNP-A1-CD15-LDE225 via scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and CD15 on brain SHH MB cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Moreover, we show that eHNP-A1 not only serves as a stable drug carrier, but also has a therapeutic effect itself through SR-B1-mediated intracellular cholesterol depletion in SHH MB cells. Through the facilitated and targeted cellular uptake of drugs and direct therapeutic role of this engineered biomimetic nanocarrier in SHH MB, our multifunctional nanoparticle provides intriguing therapeutic promise as an effective and potent nanomedicine for the treatment of SHH MB.
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Soria-Florido MT, Schröder H, Grau M, Fitó M, Lassale C. High density lipoprotein functionality and cardiovascular events and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 302:36-42. [PMID: 32438197 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize studies assessing the associations between high-density lipoprotein functionality and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. METHODS We searched Medline and Embase for the identification of observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA statement and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017065857). We pooled risk estimates with a random-effect model separately for cardiovascular disease (fatal and non-fatal) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Out of 29 manuscripts, 20 articles investigated cholesterol efflux capacity (13 prospective and 7 cross-sectional), 10 antioxidant capacity (7 prospective and 3 cross-sectional) and two anti-inflammatory capacity of high-density lipoprotein (1 prospective and 1 cross-sectional). A greater cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in 8 studies (RR for 1SD increase: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98) and of mortality in 5 studies (RR for 1SD increase: 0,77; 0.60-1.00). Better antioxidant capacity was non-significantly associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in 2 studies (RR for 1SD increase 0.70; 0.32-1.53) and significantly with mortality in 3 studies (RR for 1SD increase 0.48; 0.28-0.81). High-density lipoprotein anti-inflammatory ability was associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk in the only prospective study. CONCLUSIONS Greater high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory capacities were associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the heterogeneity between studies and evidence of publication bias warrants caution and highlights the need for larger prospective studies with standardized assays and specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Campus de l'Alimentació Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Grau
- Registre Gironí del COR. Group, Cardiovascular, Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Solnica B, Sygitowicz G, Sitkiewicz D, Cybulska B, Jóźwiak J, Odrowąż-Sypniewska G, Banach M. 2020 Guidelines of the Polish Society of Laboratory Diagnostics (PSLD) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) on laboratory diagnostics of lipid metabolism disorders. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:237-252. [PMID: 32190133 PMCID: PMC7069434 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Cybulska
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Samadi S, Mehramiz M, Kelesidis T, Mobarhan MG, Sahebkar AH, Esmaily H, Moohebati M, Farjami Z, Ferns GA, Mohammadpour AH, Avan A. High-density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation as a molecular signature of the risk for developing cardiovascular disease: Results from MASHAD cohort. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16168-16177. [PMID: 30784041 PMCID: PMC6699926 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than level may better predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the contribution of the impaired antioxidant function of HDL that is associated with increased HDL lipid peroxidation (HDLox) to the development of clinical CVD remains unclear. We have investigated the association between serum HDLox with incident CVD outcomes in Mashhad cohort. Three-hundred and thirty individuals who had a median follow-up period of 7 years were recruited as part of the cohort. The primary end point was cardiovascular event, including myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. In both univariate/multivariate analyses adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, HDLox was an independent risk factor for CVD (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.86; p < 0.001). For every increase in HDLox by 0.1 unit, there was an increase in CVD risk by 1.62-fold. In an adjusted analysis, there was a >2.5-fold increase in cardiovascular risk in individuals with HDLox higher than cutoff point of 1.06 compared to those with lower scores, suggesting HDLox > 1.06 is related to the impaired HDL oxidant function and in turn exposed to elevated risk of CVD outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.88-3.94). Higher HDLox is a surrogate measure of reduced HDL antioxidant function that positively associated with cardiovascular events in a population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hosein Sahebkar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Hwang YC, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, Boyko EJ. Higher High Density Lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) to Total HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with a Lower Risk for Incident Hypertension. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:114-122. [PMID: 30302964 PMCID: PMC6387875 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely associated with the development of hypertension. We aimed to determine the association between different HDL cholesterol subclasses and risk of future hypertension. METHODS A total of 270 Japanese Americans (130 men, 140 women) without hypertension between the ages of 34 to 75 years were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and average blood pressure was calculated. Incident hypertension was determined 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 years after enrollment. HDL2, HDL3, and total HDL cholesterol were measured at baseline. RESULTS During 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 28.1% (76/270). In univariate analysis, age, diabetes, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral adipose tissue were significant predictors for incident hypertension. Among the HDL cholesterol subclass, HDL2 cholesterol was inversely associated with hypertension incidence, but both total and HDL3 cholesterol were not. In addition, HDL2/HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with future hypertension risk. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.31; P=0.001), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.56; P<0.001), and HDL2/HDL cholesterol (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.98; P=0.035), were associated with future development of hypertension. CONCLUSION A higher proportion of HDL2 cholesterol among total HDL cholesterol predicted a lower risk for incident hypertension. However, concentrations of total HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol were not independent predictors of incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Cheol Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Wilfred Y Fujimoto
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Hospital and Specialty Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna L Leonetti
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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He Y, Song HD, Anantharamaiah GM, Palgunachari MN, Bornfeldt KE, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Apolipoprotein A1 Forms 5/5 and 5/4 Antiparallel Dimers in Human High-density Lipoprotein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:854-864. [PMID: 30659061 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), the major protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), contains 10 helical repeats that play key roles in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. The current structural model for HDL proposes that APOA1 forms an antiparallel dimer in which helix 5 in monomer 1 associates with helix 5 in monomer 2 along a left-left (LL5/5) interface, forming a protein complex with a 2-fold axis of symmetry centered on helix 5. However, computational studies suggest that other orientations are possible. To test this idea, we used a zero-length chemical cross-linking reagent that forms covalent bonds between closely apposed basic and acidic residues. Using proteolytic digestion and tandem mass spectrometry, we identified amino acids in the central region of the antiparallel APOA1 dimer of HDL that were in close contact. As predicted by the current model, we found six intermolecular cross-links that were consistent with the antiparallel LL5/5 registry. However, we also identified three intermolecular cross-links that were consistent with the antiparallel LL5/4 registry. The LL5/5 is the major structural conformation of the two complexes in both reconstituted discoidal HDL particles and in spherical HDL from human plasma. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that that LL5/5 and LL5/4 APOA1 dimers possess similar free energies of dimerization, with LL5/5 having the lowest free energy. Our observations indicate that phospholipidated APOA1 in HDL forms different antiparallel dimers that could play distinct roles in enzyme regulation, assembly of specific protein complexes, and the functional properties of HDL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- From the Departments of ‡Medicine and
| | - Hyun D Song
- ‖Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- ¶Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - M N Palgunachari
- ¶Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Departments of ‡Medicine and; §Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Jere P Segrest
- ‖Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
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29
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Atta AM, Silva JPCG, Santiago MB, Oliveira IS, Oliveira RC, Sousa Atta MLB. Clinical and laboratory aspects of dyslipidemia in Brazilian women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Gao D, Podrez EA. Characterization of covalent modifications of HDL apoproteins by endogenous oxidized phospholipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:57-67. [PMID: 29155052 PMCID: PMC5767518 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is cardioprotective, unless it is pathologically modified under oxidative stress. Covalent modifications of lipid-free apoA-I, the most abundant apoprotein in HDL, compromise its atheroprotective functions. HDL is enriched in oxidized phospholipids (oxPL) in vivo in oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidized phospholipids can covalently modify HDL apoproteins. We have now carried out a systematic analysis of modifications of HDL apoproteins by endogenous oxPL. Human HDL or plasma were oxidized using a physiologically relevant MPO-H2O2-NO2- system or AIPH, or were exposed to synthetic oxPL. Protein adduction by oxPL was assessed using LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS. The pattern of HDL apoprotein modification by oxPL was independent of the oxidation systems used. ApoA-I and apoA-II were the major modification targets. OxPL with a γ-hydroxy (or oxo)-alkenal were mostly responsible for modifications, and the Michael adduct was the most abundant adduct. Histidines and lysines in helices 5-8 of apoA-I were highly susceptible to oxPL modifications, while lysines in helices 1, 2, 4 and 10 were resistant to modification by oxPL. In plasma exposed to oxidation or synthetic oxPL, oxPL modification was highly selective, and four histidines (H155, H162, H193 and H199) in helices 6-8 of apoA-I were the main modification target. H710 and H3613 in apoB-100 of LDL and K190 of human serum albumin were also modified by oxPL but to a lesser extent. Comparison of oxPL with short chain aldehyde HNE using MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated high selectivity and efficiency of oxPL in the modification of HDL apoproteins. These findings provide a novel insight into a potential mechanism of the loss of atheroprotective function of HDL in conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detao Gao
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
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Kumar P, Choudhary AK, Das N. An association between apo-A4 gene polymorphism (Thr347Ser and Gln360His) and coronary artery disease in northern India. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kjellmo CA, Karlsson H, Nestvold TK, Ljunggren S, Cederbrant K, Marcusson-Ståhl M, Mathisen M, Lappegård KT, Hovland A. Bariatric surgery improves lipoprotein profile in morbidly obese patients by reducing LDL cholesterol, apoB, and SAA/PON1 ratio, increasing HDL cholesterol, but has no effect on cholesterol efflux capacity. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sen Roy S, Nguyen HCX, Angelovich TA, Hearps AC, Huynh D, Jaworowski A, Kelesidis T. Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29053671 DOI: 10.3791/56325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are one of the most powerful independent negative predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The structure and function of HDL rather than HDL-C may more accurately predict atherosclerosis. Several HDL protein and lipid compositional changes that impair HDL function occur in inflammatory states such as atherosclerosis. HDL function is usually determined by cell based assays such as cholesterol efflux assay but these assays have numerous drawbacks lack of standardization. Cell-free assays may give more robust measures of HDL function compared to cell-based assays. HDL oxidation impairs HDL function. HDL has a major role in lipid peroxide transport and high amount of lipid peroxides is related to abnormal HDL function. Lipid-probe interactions should be considered when interpreting the results of non-enzymatic fluorescence assays for measuring the lipid oxidative state. This motivated us to develop a cell-free biochemical enzymatic method to assess HDL lipid peroxide content (HDLox) that contributes to HDL dysfunction. This method is based on the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the fluorochrome Amplex Red that can quantify (without cholesterol oxidase) the lipid peroxide content per mg of HDL-C. Here a protocol is describedfor determination of HDL-lipid peroxidation using the fluorochrome reagent. Assay variability can be reduced by strict standardization of experimental conditions. Higher HDLox values are associated with reduced HDL antioxidant function. The readout of this assay is associated with readouts of validated cell-based assays, surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk phenotypes. This technical approach is a robust method to assess HDL function in human disease where systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and oxidized lipids have a key role (such as atherosclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas A Angelovich
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University
| | | | - Diana Huynh
- University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University
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Predictors of Impaired HDL Function in HIV-1 Infected Compared to Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:354-363. [PMID: 28346318 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than absolute level may be a more accurate indicator for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Novel methods can measure HDL function using patient samples. The objective of this study is to identify factors that may contribute to HDL dysfunction in chronic treated HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Retrospective study of HDL function measured in 2 ways in HIV-1-infected men with low overall CVD risk and healthy men with no known CVD risk matched by race to the HIV-1-infected participants. METHODS We examined patient-level factors associated with 2 different measures of HDL dysfunction: reduced antioxidant function (oxidized HDL, HDLox) and reduced HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE), a measure of HDL remodeling, in the HIV infected and control men. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used adjusting for false discovery rate, age, race, body mass index (BMI), CD4 count, viremia, CVD risk, smoking, lipids, apoA-I, and albumin. RESULTS In multivariate analysis among HIV-1-infected men (n = 166) (median age 45 years, CD4 T-cell count 505 cells/mm, 30.1% were viremic), higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and lower albumin were among the most notable correlates of higher HDLox and lower HAE (P < 0.05). In HIV-1 uninfected participants, lower albumin and higher BMI were associated with lower HAE and higher HDLox, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). HDLox was inversely related to HAE in HIV-1-infected individuals (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased HDLox correlates with reduced HAE in chronic HIV-1 infection. Higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and albumin were identified as factors associated with HDL dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection using 2 independent methods.
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Aleluia MM, Fonseca TCC, Souza RQ, Neves FI, da Guarda CC, Santiago RP, Cunha BLA, Figueiredo CVB, Santana SS, da Paz SS, Ferreira JRD, Cerqueira BAV, Gonçalves MDS. Comparative study of sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease: clinical characterization, laboratory biomarkers and genetic profiles. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2017; 17:15. [PMID: 28932402 PMCID: PMC5602866 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-017-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In this study, we evaluate the association of different clinical profiles, laboratory and genetic biomarkers in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) in attempt to characterize the sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2014 in 200 SCD individuals (141 with SCA; 59 with HbSC) and analyzed demographic data to characterize the study population. In addition, we determined the association of hematological, biochemical and genetic markers including the βS-globin gene haplotypes and the 3.7 Kb deletion of α-thalassemia (−α3.7Kb-thal), as well as the occurrence of clinical events in both SCD genotypes. Results Laboratory parameters showed a hemolytic profile associated with endothelial dysfunction in SCA individuals; however, the HbSC genotype was more associated with increased blood viscosity and inflammatory conditions. The BEN haplotype was the most frequently observed and was associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and low S hemoglobin (HbS). The -α3.7Kb-thal prevalence was 0.09 (9%), and it was associated with elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations. Clinical events were more frequent in SCA patients. Conclusions Our data emphasize the differences between SCA and HbSC patients based on laboratory parameters and the clinical and genetic profile of both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Cardoso Fonseca
- Centro de Referência a Doença Falciforme, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Regiana Quinto Souza
- Centro de Referência a Doença Falciforme, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Camylla Villas Boas Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sânzio Silva Santana
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sousa da Paz
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil
| | - Júnia Raquel Dutra Ferreira
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Marilda de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Genética Computacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz - IGM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40296-710 Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Yoo KS, Lim WT, Choi HS. Biology of Cholangiocytes: From Bench to Bedside. Gut Liver 2017; 10:687-98. [PMID: 27563020 PMCID: PMC5003190 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocytes, the lining epithelial cells in bile ducts, are an important subset of liver cells. They are activated by endogenous and exogenous stimuli and are involved in the modification of bile volume and composition. They are also involved in damaging and repairing the liver. Cholangiocytes have many functions including bile production. They are also involved in transport processes that regulate the volume and composition of bile. Cholangiocytes undergo proliferation and cell death under a variety of conditions. Cholangiocytes have functional and morphological heterogenecity. The immunobiology of cholangiocytes is important, particularly for understanding biliary disease. Secretion of different proinflammatory mediators, cytokines, and chemokines suggests the major role that cholangiocytes play in inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, paracrine secretion of growth factors and peptides mediates extensive cross-talk with other liver cells, including hepatocytes, stellate cells, stem cells, subepithelial myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Cholangiopathy refers to a category of chronic liver diseases whose primary disease target is the cholangiocyte. Cholangiopathy usually results in end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplant. We summarize the biology of cholangiocytes and redefine the concept of cholangiopathy. We also discuss the recent progress that has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy and how such progress has influenced therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo-Sang Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Lim
- Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shiu SW, Wong Y, Tan KC. Pre-β1 HDL in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:24-28. [PMID: 28595104 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pre-β1 HDL, being a major acceptor of free cholesterol from cells, plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. This study was performed to determine whether abnormalities in pre-β1 HDL concentration were present in type 2 diabetes irrespective of their HDL-cholesterol levels, and the impact on cholesterol efflux. METHODS 640 type 2 diabetic patients with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 360 non-diabetic controls matched for serum HDL-cholesterol levels were recruited. Plasma pre-β1 HDL was measured by ELISA, and cholesterol efflux to serum, mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), was determined by measuring the transfer of [3H]cholesterol from cultured cells expressing ABCA1 to the medium containing the tested serum. RESULTS Despite the diabetic subjects having matched HDL-cholesterol and total apoA1 as controls, plasma pre-β1 HDL was significantly reduced in both male (p < 0.01) and female diabetic patients (p < 0.05), and patients with CVD had the lowest pre-β1 HDL level. Serum capacity to induce ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was impaired in the diabetic group (p < 0.01) and cholesterol efflux correlated with pre-β1 HDL (Pearson's r = 0.38, p < 0.01), and this association remained significantly even after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes status, smoking, apoA1, triglyceride and LDL. CONCLUSIONS Plasma pre-β1 HDL level was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetes and was associated with a reduction in cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA1. Our data would suggest that low pre-β1 HDL might cause impairment in reverse cholesterol transport in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Shiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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DOBIÁŠOVÁ M. Atherogenic Impact of Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Its Relation to Cholesterol Esterification Rate in HDL (FERHDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] Biomarkers: The Butterfly Effect? Physiol Res 2017; 66:193-203. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenic impact and functional capacity of LCAT was studied and discussed over a half century. This review aims to clarify the key points that may affect the final decision on whether LCAT is an anti-atherogenic or atherogenic factor. There are three main processes involving the efflux of free cholesterol from peripheral cells, LCAT action in intravascular pool where cholesterol esterification rate is under the control of HDL, LDL and VLDL subpopulations, and finally the destination of newly produced cholesteryl esters either to the catabolism in liver or to a futile cycle with apoB lipoproteins. The functionality of LCAT substantially depends on its mass together with the composition of the phospholipid bilayer as well as the saturation and the length of fatty acyls and other effectors about which we know yet nothing. Over the years, LCAT puzzle has been significantly supplemented but yet not so satisfactory as to enable how to manipulate LCAT in order to prevent cardiometabolic events. It reminds the butterfly effect when only a moderate change in the process of transformation free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters may cause a crucial turn in the intended target. On the other hand, two biomarkers – FERHDL (fractional esterification rate in HDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] can offer a benefit to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They both reflect the rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT and the composition of lipoprotein subpopulations that controls this rate. In clinical practice, AIP can be calculated from the routine lipid profile with help of AIP calculator www.biomed.cas.cz/fgu/aip/calculator.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. DOBIÁŠOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Koch M, Furtado JD, Jiang GZ, Gray BE, Cai T, Sacks F, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Jensen MK. Associations of anthropometry and lifestyle factors with HDL subspecies according to apolipoprotein C-III. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1196-1203. [PMID: 28365588 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p073288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of apoC-III on HDL impairs HDL's inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). Little is known about modifiable factors explaining variation in HDL subspecies defined according to apoC-III. The aim was to investigate cross-sectional associations of anthropometry and lifestyle with HDL subspecies in 3,631 participants from the Diet, Cancer, and Health study originally selected for a case-cohort study (36% women; age 50-65 years) who were all free of CHD. Greater adiposity and less activity were associated with higher HDL containing apoC-III and lower HDL lacking apoC-III. Per each 15 cm higher waist circumference, the level of HDL containing apoC-III was 2.8% higher (95% CI: 0.4, 5.3; P = 0.024) and the level of HDL not containing apoC-III was 4.7% lower (95% CI: -6.0, -3.4; P = <0.0001). Associations for physical activity were most robust to multivariable modeling. Each 20 metabolic equivalent task hours per week reported higher physical activity was associated with 0.9% (95% CI: -1.7, -0.1; P = 0.031) lower HDL containing apoC-III and 0.5% higher (95% CI: 0.1, 1.0; P = 0.029) HDL lacking apoC-III. Lower alcohol consumption was associated with lower HDL lacking apoC-III (percent difference per 15 g/day: 1.58 (95% CI: 0.84, 2.32; P = <0.0001). Adiposity and sedentary lifestyle were associated with a less favorable HDL subspecies profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gordon Z Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Brianna E Gray
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Sacks
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark and Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles from end-stage renal disease patients are defective in promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41481. [PMID: 28148911 PMCID: PMC5288657 DOI: 10.1038/srep41481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the largest cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CVD in ESRD is not explained by classical CVD risk factors such as HDL cholesterol mass levels making functional alterations of lipoproteins conceivable. HDL functions in atheroprotection by promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), comprising cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells, uptake into hepatocytes and final excretion into the feces. ESRD-HDL (n = 15) were compared to healthy control HDL (n = 15) for their capacity to promote in vitro (i) cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophage foam cells and (ii) SR-BI-mediated selective uptake into ldla[SR-BI] cells as well as (iii) in vivo RCT. Compared with HDL from controls, ESRD-HDL displayed a significant reduction in mediating cholesterol efflux (p < 0.001) and SR-BI-mediated selective uptake (p < 0.01), two key steps in RCT. Consistently, also the in vivo capacity of ESRD-HDL to promote RCT when infused into wild-type mice was significantly impaired (p < 0.01). In vitro oxidation of HDL from healthy controls with hypochloric acid was able to fully mimic the impaired biological activities of ESRD-HDL. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HDL from ESRD patients is dysfunctional in key steps as well as overall RCT, likely due to oxidative modification.
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A rapid and precise method for measuring plasma apoE-rich HDL using polyethylene glycol and cation-exchange chromatography: a pilot study on the clinical significance of apoE-rich HDL measurements. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 465:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ferreira JRD, Aleluia MM, Figueiredo CVB, Vieira LCDL, Santiago RP, da Guarda CC, Barbosa CG, Oliveira RR, Adorno EV, Gonçalves MDS. Evaluation of Cardiometabolic Parameters among Obese Women Using Oral Contraceptives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:256. [PMID: 29033897 PMCID: PMC5626867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use has been associated with an unfavorable impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diverse populations of normal weight and obese women. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of women in northeastern Brazil with respect to COC use and obesity. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study to verify cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure (BP), fasting serum glucose, lipid, and inflammatory profile, in a population of women aged 15-45 years, considering obesity and COC use. Our sample consisted of 591 women, 481 women who were COC users, and 110 age-matched women who were COC non-users, classified as obese and non-obese according to BMI. RESULTS COC use and obesity were associated with increased systolic (p ≤ 0.001) and diastolic BP (p = 0.001), blood glucose (p ≤ 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), triglycerides (p ≤ 0.001), ferritin (p = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p ≤ 0.001), and nitric oxide metabolites (p ≤ 0.001), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p ≤ 0.001) in comparison to controls. CRP and HDL-c levels in obese COC users were determined to be outside reference range values. The odds of having lower levels of HDL-c and elevated CRP increased among obese COC users. COC use was independently associated with low levels of HDL-c, especially second-generation progestins (p < 0.001; OR = 8.976; 95% CI 2.786-28.914). CONCLUSION Obesity and COC use were associated with alterations in lipid and inflammatory cardiometabolic parameters, particularly increased CRP levels and decreased HDL-c, which are considered markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Given the need to prevent unintended pregnancy among obese women, together with weight loss counseling, it is important to evaluate the most effective and safest contraceptive methods to avoid the potential risk of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júnia Raquel Dutra Ferreira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Larissa Castro de Lima Vieira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cynara Gomes Barbosa
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Vitória Adorno
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda de Souza Gonçalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz/FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marilda de Souza Gonçalves,
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Hu W, Chen L, Mao S, Qiao J. A case-control study on reduced HDL2b in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:848-851. [PMID: 27227658 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1182151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important factor associated with the increasing risk of future ischaemic heart disease. In this study, we analyzed serum HDL2b level in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Total of 60 female patients with PCOS was enrolled for assessment and another 60 non-PCOS females with matched age and weight were selected as control. A highly sensitive microfluidic chip was employed to analyze the serum HDL subfractions. Serum HDL2b and HDL2b/HDL ratio were decreased in PCOS group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum HDL2b level was negatively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, INS0, HOMA-IR, T, estradiol, triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C; and the ratio of HDL2b/HDL was negatively correlated with T, TG and LDL-C. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed a reverse correlation for HDL2b and its ratio to HDL with hyperandrogenism. The results suggested that a reduction of serum HDL2b and its ratio to total serum HDL in PCOS patients by using the microfluidic chip method assessment. Hyperandrogenism was the main factor to affect HDL2b and its ratio to total HDL in PCOS patients, and it might increase the incidence of atherosclerosis as well as the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Hu
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Beijing , China and
| | - Lin Chen
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Beijing , China and
| | - Sha Mao
- a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Beijing , China and
| | - Jie Qiao
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China
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Babintseva YD, Camont L, Chapman J, Lhomme M, Karagodin VP, Kontush A, Orekhov AN. The biological activity of high-density lipoprotein fractions and their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016889111-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the human plasma concentration of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be part of strategy for control of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HDL particles vary in their structure, metabolism, and biological activity. The review describes major HDL fractions (subpopulations) and discusses new findings on the antiatherogenic properties of HDL particles. The whole spectrum of HDL fractions, small, dense, protein-rich lipoproteins, has atheroprotective properties that are determined by the presence of specialized groups of proteins and lipids; however, this activity may be decreased in atherogenic lesion. Comprehensive structural and compositional analysis of HDL may provide key information to identify the fractions that have characteristic biological properties and lose their functionality in CVD. These fractions may be also biomarkers for the risk of CVD and hence represent pharmacological targets.
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Corsetti JP, Salzman P, Ryan D, Moss AJ, Zareba W, Sparks CE. Influences on plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 polymorphism-associated recurrent cardiovascular disease risk in patients with high HDL cholesterol and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:1-8. [PMID: 27174532 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence continues to accumulate that athero-protective effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) depend to some degree on effective HDL functionality and that such functionality can become degraded in the setting of chronic inflammation. To investigate this issue, we have studied a group of post-myocardial infarction patients with high levels of C-reactive protein as an indicator of chronic inflammation and with concurrently high levels of HDL cholesterol. For these patients we have demonstrated high-risk for recurrent cardiac events as well as a strong association of risk with a polymorphism of the gene (SERPINB2) for plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) presumptively reflective of an important role for fibrinolysis in risk. However, additional processes might be involved. The current work sought to characterize processes underlying how PAI-2 might be involved in the generation of risk. METHODS Multivariate population data were leveraged using Bayesian network modeling, a graphical probabilistic approach for knowledge discovery, to generate networks reflective of influences on PAI-2 polymorphism-associated risk. RESULTS Modeling results revealed three individual networks centering on the PAI-2 polymorphism with specific features providing information relating to how the polymorphism might associate with risk. These included racial dependency, platelet clot initiation and propagation, oxidative stress, inflammation effects on HDL metabolism and coagulation, and induction and termination of fibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS Beyond direct association of a PAI-2 polymorphism with recurrent risk in post-myocardial infarction patients, results suggest that PAI-2 likely plays a key role leading to risk through multiple pathophysiologic processes. Such knowledge could potentially be valuable with individualization of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Corsetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Peter Salzman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dan Ryan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Arthur J Moss
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Charles E Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhai L, Zhou G, Yu A, Cao H, Shucun Q. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1466-72. [PMID: 27037277 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216641218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein is expressed in various cell types and secreted into plasma, where it transfers phospholipids between lipoproteins and modulates the composition of high-density lipoprotein particles. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in vivo can lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level significantly and impact the biological quality of high-density lipoprotein. Considering high-density lipoprotein was a critical determinant for reverse cholesterol transport, we investigated the role of systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo After the littermate phospholipid transfer protein KO and WT mice were fed high-fat diet for one month, they were injected intraperitoneally with (3)H-cholesterol-labeled and acLDL-loaded macrophages. Then the appearance of (3)H-tracer in plasma, liver, bile, intestinal wall, and feces over 48 h was determined. Plasma lipid analysis indicated phospholipid transfer protein deficiency lowered total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-C and apolipoprotein A1 levels significantly but increased triglyceride level in mice. The isotope tracing experiment showed (3)H-cholesterol of plasma was decreased by 68% for male and 62% for female, and (3)H-tracer of bile was decreased by 37% for male and 21% for female in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. However, there was no difference in liver, and (3)H-tracer of intestinal wall was increased by 43% for male and 27% for female. Finally, (3)H-tracer of fecal excretion in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice was reduced significantly by 36% for male and 43% for female during 0-24 h period, but there was no significant difference during 24-48 h period. Meanwhile, Western Blot analysis showed the expressions of reverse cholesterol transport -related protein liver X receptor α (LXRα), ATP binding cassette transporter A1, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 were upregulated in liver of phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. These data reveal that systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Lei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guanghai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Haijun Cao
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qin Shucun
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
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Kuai R, Li D, Chen YE, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A. High-Density Lipoproteins: Nature's Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3015-41. [PMID: 26889958 PMCID: PMC4918468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the "good" cholesterol because it not only removes excess cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques but also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect the cardiovascular system. Circulating HDL also transports endogenous proteins, vitamins, hormones, and microRNA to various organs. Compared with other synthetic nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, HDL has unique features that allow them to deliver cargo to specific targets more efficiently. These attributes include their ultrasmall size (8-12 nm in diameter), high tolerability in humans (up to 8 g of protein per infusion), long circulating half-life (12-24 h), and intrinsic targeting properties to different recipient cells. Various recombinant ApoA proteins and ApoA mimetic peptides have been recently developed for the preparation of reconstituted HDL that exhibits properties similar to those of endogenous HDL and has a potential for industrial scale-up. In this review, we will summarize (a) clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of reconstituted HDL products, (b) comparison of HDL with inorganic and other organic nanoparticles,
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
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Walsh KB, Hart K, Roll S, Sperling M, Unruh D, Davidson WS, Lindsell CJ, Adeoye O. Apolipoprotein A-I and Paraoxonase-1 Are Potential Blood Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1360-5. [PMID: 26994915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood biomarkers for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke diagnosis remain elusive. Recent investigations suggested that apolipoprotein (Apo), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and paraoxonase-1 may be associated with stroke. We hypothesized that Apo A-I, Apo C-I, Apo C-III, MMP-3, MMP-9, and paraoxonase-1 are differentially expressed in ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and controls. METHODS In a single-center prospective observational study, consecutive stroke cases were enrolled if blood samples were obtainable within 12 hours of symptom onset. Age- (±5 years), race-, and sex-matched controls were recruited. Multiplex assays were used to measure protein levels. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare biomarker values between ischemic stroke patients and controls, hemorrhagic stroke patients and controls, and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference of 2 medians were calculated. RESULTS Fourteen ischemic stroke case-control pairs and 23 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) case-control pairs were enrolled. Median Apo A-I levels were lower in ischemic stroke cases versus controls (140 mg/dL versus 175 mg/dL, difference of 35 mg/dL, 95% CI -54 to -16) and in ischemic stroke versus ICH cases (140 mg/dL versus 180 mg/dL, difference of 40 mg/dL, 95% CI -57 to -23). Median paraoxonase-1 was lower in ischemic stroke cases than in both ICH cases and matched controls. Median Apo C-I was slightly lower in ischemic stroke cases than in ICH cases. There were no differences between groups for MMP-3, MMP-9, and Apo C-III. CONCLUSION Apo A-I and paraoxonase-1 levels may be clinically useful for ischemic stroke diagnosis and for differentiating between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Walsh
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Kimberly Hart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susan Roll
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Sperling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dusten Unruh
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Opeolu Adeoye
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Arora S, Patra SK, Saini R. HDL—A molecule with a multi-faceted role in coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 452:66-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Joshi PH, Toth PP, Lirette ST, Griswold ME, Massaro JM, Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Kulkarni KR, Khokhar AA, Correa A, D'Agustino RB, Jones SR. Association of high-density lipoprotein subclasses and incident coronary heart disease: The Jackson Heart and Framingham Offspring Cohort Studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:41-9. [PMID: 25062744 PMCID: PMC4312248 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314543890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to clarify the associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subclasses with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in two large primary prevention cohorts. METHODS We measured cholesterol at baseline from the two major HDL subfractions (larger, more buoyant HDL2 and smaller, denser HDL3) separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation in 4114 (mean age 53.8 years; 64% female) African American participants from the Jackson Heart Study and 818 (mean age 57.3 years, 52% female) predominantly Caucasian participants from the Framingham Offspring Cohort Study. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for HDL-C and its subclasses were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate associations with incident CHD events including myocardial infarction, CHD death, and revascularization. Analyses were performed for each cohort separately and as a combined population. RESULTS In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors for the combined population, HDL3-C (HR 0.76 per SD increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.94; p = 0.01), rather than HDL2-C (HR 0.88 per SD; 95% CI, 0.72-1.09; p = 0.24) drove the inverse association of HDL-C (HR 0.79 per SD; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98; p = 0.03) with CHD. Similar associations were seen in multivariable analyses within each cohort including after adjusting for apolipoprotein A1 in the Jackson Heart Study. CONCLUSION Smaller, denser HDL3-C levels are primarily responsible for the inverse association between HDL-C and incident CHD in this diverse group of primary prevention subjects. These findings have important implications ranging from considerations of HDL biology to interpretations of clinical trials utilizing HDL-C therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag H Joshi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA CGH Medical Center, Sterling, and the University of Illinois School of Medicine, Peoria, USA
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Arif A Khokhar
- St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA
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