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Hall MS, Talge NM, Upson K. Urinary cadmium and endometriosis prevalence in a US nationally representative sample: results from NHANES 1999-2006. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1835-1842. [PMID: 37487110 PMCID: PMC10477936 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is exposure to toxic metal cadmium associated with increased endometriosis prevalence among a nationally representative sample of the US population? SUMMARY ANSWER Concentrations of urinary cadmium, a long-term biomarker (10-30 years) of cadmium exposure, were associated with an increased prevalence of endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cadmium exhibits estrogenic properties and may increase the risk of endometriosis, a gynecologic condition associated with substantial morbidity, for which estrogen has a central pathogenic role. Previous epidemiological studies of cadmium and endometriosis have yielded mixed results, with null, positive, and inverse associations being reported. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study population comprised participants aged 20-54 years who had an endometriosis diagnosis, available data on urinary cadmium, and a glomerular filtration rate ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (unweighted n = 1647). Urinary cadmium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and we used urinary creatinine concentrations and covariate-adjusted standardization to account for urinary dilution. Self-reported diagnosis of endometriosis was ascertained by interview. We examined the association between quartiles of urinary cadmium and endometriosis using log-binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed twice the prevalence of endometriosis for participants with cadmium concentrations in the second quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.9) and the third quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.7). Our data also suggested a 60% increased prevalence of endometriosis with urinary cadmium concentrations in the fourth quartile (versus the first quartile) (aPR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8, 3.2). In a sensitivity analysis, restricting the study population to premenopausal participants with an intact uterus and at least one ovary (unweighted n = 1298), stronger associations accompanied by wider CIs were observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We were limited by the ascertainment of urinary cadmium and endometriosis diagnosis at a single time point, given the cross-sectional study design, and we relied on self-report of endometriosis diagnosis. However, urinary cadmium characterizes long-term exposure and findings from validation studies suggest that misclassification of self-reported endometriosis diagnosis may be minimal. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study suggests that cadmium is associated with an increased endometriosis prevalence. Given the substantial morbidity conferred by endometriosis and that the general population is ubiquitously exposed to cadmium, further research is warranted to confirm our findings. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research (grant R00NR017191 to K.U.) of the National Institutes of Health. The authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy S Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nicole M Talge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Yan M. State-level disparities in burden of ischemic heart diseases mortality attributable to ambient fine particulate matter in the United States, 1990-2019: Observational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease (2019) study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137033. [PMID: 36349585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is an important yet often overlooked risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the United States. However, epidemiologic evidence suggests that current knowledge does not comprehensively capture state-level disparities in mortality for ambient PM2.5-related ischemic heart diseases. METHODS I performed serial cross sectional analysis with ambient PM2.5-attributable ischemic heart diseases decedents between 1990 and 2019. I used the Global Health Data Exchange to extract age adjusted mortality rates in each state, and used Joinpoint software to calculate average annual percentage change. RESULTS the average age adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) for ischemic heart diseases attributable to ambient PM2.5 for both sex ranged from 1.5 (1.3-1.8) per 100,000 in Hawaii to 1.1 (0.9-1.3) per 100,000 in Mississippi, respectively. The rate of change in AAMR varied widely across states. Compared with the national level, the number of states with smaller decline has increased from 3 before 2002 to 10 after 2011. Oregon, Idaho, and Montana showed an upward trend in AAMR, which was independent of sex after 2011. Between 1990 and 2019, average AAMR for ischemic heart diseases attributable to ambient PM2.5 was higher for male than female in all states. But the number of states with sex disparities in the rate of change has decreased, from 13 in 1990-2002 to 5 after 2011. CONCLUSIONS wide state-level disparities exist in burden of ischemic heart diseases attributable to ambient PM2.5. After 2011, the association between rate of AAMR decline and sex weakened across states. State-level policies and programs are needed to address the avoidable burden of ischemic heart diseases deaths attributable to ambient particulate pollution, with priority for states with a higher burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- Urban Vocational College of Sichuan, Chengdu, China; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Kemp B, Grumbach JM, Montez JK. U.S. State Policy Contexts and Physical Health among Midlife Adults. SOCIUS : SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2022; 8:10.1177/23780231221091324. [PMID: 36268202 PMCID: PMC9581408 DOI: 10.1177/23780231221091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how state policy contexts may have contributed to unfavorable adult health in recent decades. It merges individual-level data from the 1993-2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=2,166,835) with 15 state-level policy domains measured annually on a conservative to liberal continuum. We examined associations between policy domains and health among adults ages 45-64 years and assess how much of the associations is accounted by adults' socioeconomic, behavioral/lifestyle, and family factors. A more liberal version of the civil rights domain was associated with better health. It was disproportionately important for less-educated adults and women, and its association with adult health was partly accounted by educational attainment, employment, and income. Environment, gun safety, and marijuana policy domains were, to a lesser degree, predictors of health in some model specifications. In sum, health improvements require a greater focus on macro-level factors that shape the conditions in which people live.
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Beier JI, Arteel GE. Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3768-3778. [PMID: 35024305 PMCID: PMC8727918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus “pure” genetic and “pure” xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors, identified or unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the development of liver disease by other causes. This exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component, but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is sufficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a possibility. This review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the future. Taken together, identifying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward, or at the very least to “know what we don't know.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding authors.
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5
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Vanni R, Bussuan RM, Rombaldi RL, Arbex AK. Endocrine Disruptors and the Induction of Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e102220187107. [PMID: 33092513 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201022121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased at an alarming rate worldwide and constitutes a serious challenge to public health care in the 21st century. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are defined as "substances or mixtures of substances that alter the endocrine system functions and, hence, adversely affect organisms, their progeny, or sub populations" and may be associated with this increase in prevalence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in insulin resistance and the importance of approaching the subject during anamnesis. METHODS A full review of the literature regarding insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and endocrine disruptors were conducted. CONCLUSION Large-scale production and distribution of endocrine disrupting chemicals coincide with the increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance globally. In recent years, studies have shown that endocrine disrupting chemicals are positively associated with insulin resistance syndrome, evidenced by worse prognoses among individuals with higher levels of exposure. Health professionals should recognize the forms of exposure, most susceptible people, and lifestyle habits that can worsen patients' prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vanni
- IPEMED Medical School/ AFYA Educational, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto K Arbex
- Medical Clinic in Schleswig-Flensburg, State of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Montez JK, Beckfield J, Cooney JK, Grumbach JM, Hayward MD, Koytak HZ, Woolf SH, Zajacova A. US State Policies, Politics, and Life Expectancy. Milbank Q 2020; 98:668-699. [PMID: 32748998 PMCID: PMC7482386 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Changes in US state policies since the 1970s, particularly after 2010, have played an important role in the stagnation and recent decline in US life expectancy. Some US state policies appear to be key levers for improving life expectancy, such as policies on tobacco, labor, immigration, civil rights, and the environment. US life expectancy is estimated to be 2.8 years longer among women and 2.1 years longer among men if all US states enjoyed the health advantages of states with more liberal policies, which would put US life expectancy on par with other high‐income countries.
Context Life expectancy in the United States has increased little in previous decades, declined in recent years, and become more unequal across US states. Those trends were accompanied by substantial changes in the US policy environment, particularly at the state level. State policies affect nearly every aspect of people's lives, including economic well‐being, social relationships, education, housing, lifestyles, and access to medical care. This study examines the extent to which the state policy environment may have contributed to the troubling trends in US life expectancy. Methods We merged annual data on life expectancy for US states from 1970 to 2014 with annual data on 18 state‐level policy domains such as tobacco, environment, tax, and labor. Using the 45 years of data and controlling for differences in the characteristics of states and their populations, we modeled the association between state policies and life expectancy, and assessed how changes in those policies may have contributed to trends in US life expectancy from 1970 through 2014. Findings Results show that changes in life expectancy during 1970‐2014 were associated with changes in state policies on a conservative‐liberal continuum, where more liberal policies expand economic regulations and protect marginalized groups. States that implemented more conservative policies were more likely to experience a reduction in life expectancy. We estimated that the shallow upward trend in US life expectancy from 2010 to 2014 would have been 25% steeper for women and 13% steeper for men had state policies not changed as they did. We also estimated that US life expectancy would be 2.8 years longer among women and 2.1 years longer among men if all states enjoyed the health advantages of states with more liberal policies. Conclusions Understanding and reversing the troubling trends and growing inequalities in US life expectancy requires attention to US state policy contexts, their dynamic changes in recent decades, and the forces behind those changes. Changes in US political and policy contexts since the 1970s may undergird the deterioration of Americans’ health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Zajacova
- University of Western Ontario.,Coauthors listed alphabetically
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Wen X, Xiong Y, Jin L, Zhang M, Huang L, Mao Y, Zhou C, Qiao Y, Zhang Y. Bisphenol A Exposure Enhances Endometrial Stromal Cell Invasion and Has a Positive Association with Peritoneal Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:704-712. [PMID: 32046440 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Results of previous epidemiology studies on BPA exposure and endometriosis (EMs) risk were inconsistent, and were limited by inappropriate control selection, incorrect BPA detection method, and the generalization of different subtypes of EMs. Upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 are involved in the development of EMs. We conducted a case-control study among 120 EMs patients and 100 healthy women to evaluate the relationships between BPA exposure and MMP2, MMP9 expressions, and the risk of EMs subtypes. Besides, we used human endometrial stromal cell lines (HESCs) to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA concentrations were positively correlated with serum MMP2, MMP9 levels, and the risk of peritoneal EMs (third vs lowest quartile: OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.47, 16.50; fourth versus lowest quartile: OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.07, 12.74, Ptrend = 0.030). The risk of peritoneal EMs increased approximately tenfold when creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA concentration was 2 μg/g. In vitro study found that BPA exposure increased MMP2, MMP9 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of BPA on HESCs could be blocked by G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) inhibitor or mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor. This study provides evidence that BPA exposure promotes peritoneal EMs, and raises a concern about the potential toxicity of BPA on the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Priyam A, Singh PP, Gehlout S. Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Engineered Nanomaterials in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 30542324 PMCID: PMC6277880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative technologies and products for several industrial sectors. Their unique physicochemical and size-dependent properties make the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) superior for devising solutions for various research and development sectors, which are otherwise unachievable by their bulk forms. However, the remarkable advantages mediated by ENMs and their applications have also raised concerns regarding their possible toxicological impacts on human health. The actual issue stems from the absence of systematic data on ENM exposure-mediated health hazards. In this direction, a comprehensive exploration on the health-related consequences, especially with respect to endocrine disruption-related metabolic disorders, is largely lacking. The reasons for the rapid increase in diabetes and obesity in the modern world remain largely unclear, and epidemiological studies indicate that the increased presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment may influence the incidence of metabolic diseases. Functional similarities, such as mimicking natural hormonal actions, have been observed between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and ENMs, which supports the view that different types of NMs may be capable of altering the physiological activity of the endocrine system. Disruption of the endocrine system leads to hormonal imbalance, which may influence the development and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence from many in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, suggests that ENMs generally exert deleterious effects on the molecular/hormonal pathways and the organ systems involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, the available data from several such studies are not congruent, especially because of discrepancies in study design, and therefore need to be carefully examined before drawing meaningful inferences. In this review, we discuss the outcomes of ENM exposure in correlation with the development of T2DM. In particular, the review focuses on the following sub-topics: (1) an overview of the sources of human exposure to NMs, (2) systems involved in the uptake of ENMs into human body, (3) endocrine disrupting engineered nanomaterials (EDENMs) and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM, (4) evidence of the role of EDENMs in the pathogenesis of T2DM from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, and (5) conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
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Cimino S, Cerniglia L, Ballarotto G, Marzilli E, Pascale E, D'Addario C, Adriani W, Tambelli R. DNA Methylation at the DAT Promoter and Risk for Psychopathology: Intergenerational Transmission between School-Age Youths and Their Parents in a Community Sample. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:303. [PMID: 29375406 PMCID: PMC5767582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of gene polymorphisms and promoter methylation, associated with maladaptive developmental outcomes, vary depending on environmental factors (e.g., parental psychopathology). Most studies have focused on 0- to 5-year-old children, adolescents, or adults, whereas there is dearth of research on school-age youths and pre-adolescents. METHODS In a sample of 21 families recruited at schools, we addressed parents' psychopathological symptoms (through SCL-90-R); offspring emotional-behavioral functioning (through CBCL-6-18); dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) for epigenetic status of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and for genotype, i.e., variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism at the 3'-UTR. Possible associations were explored between bio-genetic and psychological characteristics within the same individual and between triplets of children, mothers, and fathers. RESULTS DAT methylation of CpG at positions M1, M6, and M7 in mothers was correlated with maternal (phobic) anxiety, whereas in fathers' position M6 was related to paternal depression, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism, and higher Global Severity Index (GSI). No significant correlations were found between maternal and offspring DAT methylation. Significant correlations were found between fathers' methylation at CpG M1 and children's methylation at CpG M6. Linear regressions showed that mothers and fathers' GSI predicted children's methylation at CpG sites M2, M3, and M6, whereas fathers' GSI predicted children's methylation at CpG sites, particularly M1, M2, and M6. Moreover, offspring methylation of DAT at CpG M2 predicted somatic complaint, internalizing and attention problems; methylation of DAT at CpG M6 predicted withdraw. CONCLUSION This study may have important clinical implication for the prevention and treatment of emotional-behavioral difficulties in children, as it adds to previous knowledge about the role of genetic and environmental factors in predicting psychopathological symptoms within non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Adriani
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy.,Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, De Roos AJ, Koch HM, Scholes D, Holt VL. A population-based case-control study of urinary bisphenol A concentrations and risk of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2457-64. [PMID: 25205760 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is bisphenol A (BPA) exposure associated with the risk of endometriosis, an estrogen-driven disease of women of reproductive age? SUMMARY ANSWER Our study suggests that increased urinary BPA is associated with an increased risk of non-ovarian pelvic endometriosis, but not ovarian endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY BPA, a high-volume chemical used in the polymer industry, has been the focus of public and scientific concern given its demonstrated estrogenic effects in vivo and in vitro and widespread human exposure. Prior studies of BPA and endometriosis have yielded inconsistent results and were limited by the participant sampling framework, small sample size or use of serum (which has very low/transient concentrations) instead of urine to measure BPA concentrations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We used data from the Women's Risk of Endometriosis study, a population-based case-control study of endometriosis, conducted among female enrollees of a large healthcare system in the US Pacific Northwest. Cases were women with incident, surgically confirmed endometriosis diagnosed between 1996 and 2001 and controls were women randomly selected from the defined population that gave rise to the cases, without a current or prior diagnosis of endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Total urinary BPA concentrations were measured in 143 cases and 287 population-based controls using single, spot urine samples collected after disease diagnosis in cases. Total urinary BPA concentration (free and conjugated species) was quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for urinary creatinine concentrations, age and reference year. We also evaluated the association by disease subtypes, ovarian and non-ovarian pelvic endometriosis, that may be etiologically distinct. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We did not observe a statistically significant association between total urinary BPA concentrations and endometriosis overall. We did observe statistically significant positive associations when evaluating total urinary BPA concentrations in relation to non-ovarian pelvic endometriosis (second versus lowest quartile: OR 3.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 7.3; third versus lowest quartile: OR 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.6), but not in relation to ovarian endometriosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the short elimination half-life of BPA, our study was limited by the timing of collection of the single urine sample, that occurred after case diagnosis. Thus, our BPA measurements may not accurately represent the participants' levels during the etiologically relevant time period for endometriosis development. In addition, since it was not feasible in this population-based study to surgically confirm the absence of disease, it is possible that some controls may have had undiagnosed endometriosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS By using population-based data, it is more likely that the controls represented the underlying frequency of BPA exposure in contrast to prior studies that used for comparison control women undergoing surgical evaluation, where the indication for surgery may be associated with BPA exposure. The significant associations observed in this study suggest that BPA may affect the normal dynamic structural changes of hormonally responsive endometrial tissue during the menstrual cycle, promoting the establishment and persistence of refluxed endometrial tissue in cases with non-ovarian pelvic endometriosis. Further research is warranted to confirm our novel findings in endometriosis subtypes that may be etiologically distinct. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant number R03 ES019976), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grant number R01 HD033792); US Environmental Protection Agency, Science to Achieve Results (STAR) (grant number R82943-01-0) and National Institute of Nursing Research (grant number F31NR013092) to KU for training support. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Nursing Research or the National Institutes of Health. The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Rall Building 101, MD A3-05 NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Delia Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria L Holt
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Epigenetic mechanisms in the development of behavior: advances, challenges, and future promises of a new field. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 25:1279-91. [PMID: 24342840 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there have been exciting advances in the field of behavioral epigenetics that have provided new insights into a biological basis of neural and behavioral effects of gene-environment interactions. It is now understood that changes in the activity of genes established through epigenetic alterations occur as a consequence of exposure to environmental adversity, social stress, and traumatic experiences. DNA methylation in particular has thus emerged as a leading candidate biological pathway linking gene-environment interactions to long-term and even multigenerational trajectories in behavioral development, including the vulnerability and resilience to psychopathology. This paper discusses what we have learned from research using animal models and from studies in which the translation of these findings has been made to humans. Studies concerning the significance of DNA methylation alterations in outcomes associated with stress exposure later in life and dysfunction in the form of neuropsychiatric disorders are highlighted, and several avenues of future research are suggested that promise to advance our understanding of epigenetics both as a mechanism by which the environment can contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders and as an avenue for more effective intervention and treatment strategies.
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Arndt DA, Chen J, Moua M, Klaper RD. Multigeneration impacts on Daphnia magna of carbon nanomaterials with differing core structures and functionalizations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:541-7. [PMID: 24442719 PMCID: PMC4255752 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Several classes of contaminants have been shown to have multigenerational impacts once a parental generation has been exposed. Acute and chronic toxicity are described for several types of nanomaterials in the literature; however, no information is available on the impact of nanomaterials on future generations of organisms after the exposure is removed. In the present study, the authors examined the impacts of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including fullerenes (C60), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with neutral, positive, and negative functional groups to F1 and F2 generation daphnids after an F0 exposure. Data from the present study indicate that multigenerational toxicity is present with certain nanomaterial exposures and is highly dependent on the surface chemistry of the nanomaterial. Many CNMs that showed toxicity to exposed F0 daphnids in previous experiments did not induce multigenerational toxicity. Certain nanomaterials, however, such as C60-malonate, SWCNTs, SWCNT-CONH2 , and MWCNTs, caused a significant decrease in either survival or reproduction in F1 daphnids; and SWCNT-CONH2 decreased reproduction out to the F2 generation. Impacts of nanomaterials on F1 and F2 size were small and lacked clear patterns, indicating that CNMs have minimal multigenerational impacts on size. Industries should take into account how surface chemistry influences nanomaterial toxicity to future generations of organisms to create sustainable nanomaterials that do not harm freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrah A Arndt
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maika Moua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Finkbeiner M, Ackermann R, Bach V, Berger M, Brankatschk G, Chang YJ, Grinberg M, Lehmann A, Martínez-Blanco J, Minkov N, Neugebauer S, Scheumann R, Schneider L, Wolf K. Challenges in Life Cycle Assessment: An Overview of Current Gaps and Research Needs. LCA COMPENDIUM – THE COMPLETE WORLD OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8697-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR, Lee DH, Myers JP, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT. Regulatory decisions on endocrine disrupting chemicals should be based on the principles of endocrinology. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 38:1-15. [PMID: 23411111 PMCID: PMC3902067 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For years, scientists from various disciplines have studied the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the health and wellbeing of humans and wildlife. Some studies have specifically focused on the effects of low doses, i.e. those in the range that are thought to be safe for humans and/or animals. Others have focused on the existence of non-monotonic dose-response curves. These concepts challenge the way that chemical risk assessment is performed for EDCs. Continued discussions have clarified exactly what controversies and challenges remain. We address several of these issues, including why the study and regulation of EDCs should incorporate endocrine principles; what level of consensus there is for low dose effects; challenges to our understanding of non-monotonicity; and whether EDCs have been demonstrated to produce adverse effects. This discussion should result in a better understanding of these issues, and allow for additional dialog on their impact on risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Center for Regenerative & Developmental Biology, and Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
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Schug TT, Heindel JJ, Camacho L, Delclos KB, Howard P, Johnson AF, Aungst J, Keefe D, Newbold R, Walker NJ, Thomas Zoeller R, Bucher JR. A new approach to synergize academic and guideline-compliant research: the CLARITY-BPA research program. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:35-40. [PMID: 23747832 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, medical research has seen a strong push toward translational research, or "bench to bedside" collaborations, that strive to enhance the utility of laboratory science for improving medical treatment. The success of that paradigm supports the potential application of the process to other fields, such as risk assessment. Close collaboration among academic, government, and industry scientists may enhance the translation of scientific findings to regulatory decision making. The National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a consortium-based research program to link more effectively academic and guideline-compliant research. An initial proof-of-concept collaboration, the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA), uses bisphenol A (BPA) as a test chemical. The CLARITY-BPA program combines a core perinatal guideline-compliant 2-year chronic toxicity study with mechanistic studies/endpoints conducted by academic investigators. Twelve extramural grantees were selected by NIEHS through an RFA-based initiative to participate in the overall study design and conduct disease-relevant investigations using tissues and animals from the core study. While the study is expected to contribute to our understanding of potential effects of BPA, it also has ramifications beyond this specific focus. Through CLARITY-BPA, NIEHS has established an unprecedented level of collaboration among extramural grantees and regulatory researchers. By drawing upon the strengths of academic and regulatory expertise and research approaches, CLARITY-BPA represents a potential new model for filling knowledge gaps, enhancing quality control, informing chemical risk assessment, and identifying new methods or endpoints for regulatory hazard assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus T Schug
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Division of Extramural Research, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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Brown P. Integrating medical and environmental sociology with environmental health: crossing boundaries and building connections through advocacy. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2013; 54:145-64. [PMID: 23598897 DOI: 10.1177/0022146513484473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the personal and professional processes of developing an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the complex issues of environmental health in their community, political-economic, social science, and scientific contexts. This interdisciplinary approach includes a synthesis of research, policy work, and advocacy. To examine multiple forms of interdisciplinarity, I examine pathways of integrating medical and environmental sociology via three challenges to the boundaries of traditional research: (1) crossing the boundaries of medical and environmental sociology, (2) linking social science and environmental health science, and (3) crossing the boundary of research and advocacy. These boundary crossings are discussed in light of conceptual and theoretical developments of popular epidemiology, contested illnesses, and health social movements. This interdisciplinary work offers a more comprehensive sociological lens for understanding complex problems and a practical ability to join with scientists, activists, and officials to meet public health needs for amelioration and prevention of environmental health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Brown
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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