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Gappa M, Bush A, Ersu RH, Soto-Martinez ME, Moeller A, Pijnenburg MW, Singh V, Vijverberg SJH, Zar HJ. Children and the European Respiratory Society: from silos to synergies. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301692. [PMID: 37945040 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01692-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gappa
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrew Bush
- Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Refika Hamutcu Ersu
- Division of Pediatric Respirology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel E Soto-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Saénz Herrera", Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariëlle W Pijnenburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and assoc Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Golding J, Tunstall H, Gregory S, Granell R, Dodd JW, Iles-Caven Y, Watkins S, Suderman M. A history of asthma may be associated with grandparents' exposures to stress and cigarette smoking. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1253442. [PMID: 37808180 PMCID: PMC10556739 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1253442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Within human epidemiological studies, associations have been demonstrated between grandparental exposures during childhood and grandchildren's outcomes. A few studies have assessed whether asthma has ancestral associations with exposure to cigarette smoking, but results have been mixed so far. Material and methods: In this study we used four generations: (F0 great-grandparents, F1 grandparents, F2 parents, F3 study children) of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to determine whether there is evidence of associations between asthma in generations F2 or F3 and exposures to severe trauma in childhood and/or active cigarette smoking during the adolescence of grandmothers and grandfathers in generations F0 and F1 respectively, or of a history of a F0 or F1 grandmother smoking during pregnancy. Results: We have shown that: a) stress exemplified by the death of a F1 grandparent's parent during the grandparents' childhood was associated with increased risk of asthma in generation F3, especially if the grandparent involved was the paternal grandmother; b) if the grandparents of generations F0 or F1 smoked during adolescence (i.e. < 17 years), their grandchildren in generations F2 and F3 were more likely to have a history of asthma; c) paternal F1 grandmother's smoking in pregnancy was associated with her F3 grandchild's asthma at age 7; d) There were differences between the results for the grandsons and granddaughters of the paternal grandmother with exposure to smoking in adolescence and with smoking in pregnancy. e) The addition of all of the individual exposure variables to the different analyses often provided a considerable increase in goodness of fit compared with only adding demographic factors associated with asthma at P < 0.10 such as social class; this was particularly true when all four exposure variables were combined in one model, suggesting possible synergistic effects between them. Discussion: We have shown associations between all four types of exposure to the grandparents to be associated with asthma in the grandchildren, such that the results both depended on whether the male or female line was involved, and the sex of the grandchildren. It was notable that the paternal grandmother was particularly involved in many of the associations. We emphasize that these are exploratory analyses, that asthma diagnostic criteria likely changed over time and may not be consistent between generations, and that the results should be tested in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Tunstall
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Granell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Dodd
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Watkins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Jones SK, McCarthy DM, Stanwood GD, Schatschneider C, Bhide PG. Learning and memory deficits produced by aspartame are heritable via the paternal lineage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14326. [PMID: 37652922 PMCID: PMC10471780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures produce heritable traits that can linger in the population for one or two generations. Millions of individuals consume substances such as artificial sweeteners daily that are declared safe by regulatory agencies without evaluation of their potential heritable effects. We show that consumption of aspartame, an FDA-approved artificial sweetener, daily for up to 16-weeks at doses equivalent to only 7-15% of the FDA recommended maximum daily intake value (equivalent to 2-4 small, 8 oz diet soda drinks per day) produces significant spatial learning and memory deficits in mice. Moreover, the cognitive deficits are transmitted to male and female descendants along the paternal lineage suggesting that aspartame's adverse cognitive effects are heritable, and that they are more pervasive than current estimates, which consider effects in the directly exposed individuals only. Traditionally, deleterious environmental exposures of pregnant and nursing women are viewed as risk factors for the health of future generations. Environmental exposures of men are not considered to pose similar risks. Our findings suggest that environmental exposures of men can produce adverse impact on cognitive function in future generations and demonstrate the need for considering heritable effects via the paternal lineage as part of the regulatory evaluations of artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Jones
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Deirdre M McCarthy
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Christopher Schatschneider
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Golding J, Gregory S, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Ellis G, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Suderman M. Possible transgenerational associations between grandparents’ childhood exposures and religious belief in their granddaughters: a longitudinal cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18049.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research in non-genetic inheritance indicates that grandparents’ smoking habits and their childhood experiences of trauma can influence the physical and psychological attributes of their grandchildren. This was particularly apparent for outcomes such as autism and obesity where the population prevalence changed over time. Other factors which have changed temporally include religious and spiritual beliefs (RSBs) which have been declining in Western populations. Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to explore whether grandparental exposures were associated with the religious and/or spiritual beliefs of their grandchildren as measured with a positive response to the question “Do you believe in God or some divine power?” . In line with other inter/trans-generational human studies we hypothesised that: (H1) grandparents’ childhood exposures to cigarette smoking (whether in utero or by active smoking) and/or exposure to traumatic events during childhood will be associated with their grandchild’s RSB; (H2) associations will differ between maternal and paternal lines of inheritance; (H3) relationships will vary with age at grandparental exposure, and (H4) associations will differ between grandsons and granddaughters. Results: We found significant associations between the grandchild’s RSB and both the grandparents’ smoking and their childhood trauma histories (H1 supported). These associations were mainly found down the maternal line (H2 possibly supported) and results varied with age of exposure of the grandparents; being strongest for in utero exposure of cigarette smoke and for pre-puberty exposure of traumatic events (H3 supported), and that granddaughters were more affected than grandsons (H4 supported). Conclusions: We hope that these results will motivate collection of similar data to further evaluate these questions in other populations, including a possible role for biological mechanisms.
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Kamga A, Rochefort-Morel C, Guen YL, Ouksel H, Pipet A, Leroyer C. Asthma and smoking: A review. Respir Med Res 2022; 82:100916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Golding J, Gregory S, Northstone K, Pembrey M, Ellis G, Watkins S, Iles-Caven Y, Suderman M. Possible transgenerational associations between grandparents’ childhood exposures and religious belief in their granddaughters: a longitudinal cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18049.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research in non-genetic inheritance indicates that grandparents’ smoking habits and their childhood experiences of trauma can influence the physical and psychological attributes of their grandchildren. This was particularly apparent for outcomes such as autism and obesity where the population prevalence changed over time. Other factors which have changed temporally include religious and spiritual beliefs (RSBs) which have been declining in Western populations. Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to explore whether grandparental exposures were associated with the religious and/or spiritual beliefs of their grandchildren. In line with other inter/trans-generational human studies we predicted that: (P1) grandparents’ childhood exposures to cigarette smoking (whether in utero or by active smoking) and/or exposure to traumatic events during childhood will be associated with their grandchild’s RSB; (P2) associations will differ between maternal and paternal lines of inheritance; (P3) relationships will vary with age at grandparental exposure, and (P4) associations will differ between grandsons and granddaughters. Results: We found significant associations between the grandchild’s RSB and both the grandparents’ smoking and their childhood trauma histories (P1 supported). These associations were mainly found down the maternal line (P2 possibly supported) and results varied with age of exposure of the grandparents; being strongest for in utero exposure of cigarette smoke and for pre-puberty exposure of traumatic events (P3 supported), and that granddaughters were more affected than grandsons (P4 supported). Conclusions: We hope that these results will motivate collection of similar data to further evaluate these questions in other populations, including a possible role for biological mechanisms.
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Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Moreira A. Environmental inequality: Air pollution and asthma in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33. [PMID: 35754123 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether you benefit from high-quality urban environments, such as those rich in green and blue spaces, that may offer benefits to allergic and respiratory health depends on where you live and work. Environmental inequality, therefore, results from the unequal distribution of the risks and benefits that stem from interactions with our environment. METHODS Within this perspective, this article reviews the evidence for an association between air pollution caused by industrial activities, traffic, disinfection-by-products, and tobacco/e-cigarettes, and asthma in children. We also discuss the proposed mechanisms by which air pollution increases asthma risk, including environmental epigenetic regulations, oxidative stress, and damage, disrupted barrier integrity, inflammatory pathways, and enhancement of respiratory sensitization to aeroallergens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Environmental air pollution is a major determinant of childhood asthma, but the magnitude of effect is not shared equally across the population, regions, and settings where people live, work, and spend their time. Improvement of the exposure assessment, a better understanding of critical exposure time windows, underlying mechanisms, and drivers of heterogeneity may improve the risk estimates. Urban conditions and air quality are not only important features for national and local authorities to shape healthy cities and protect their citizens from environmental and health risks, but they also provide opportunities to mitigate inequalities in the most deprived areas where the environmental burden is highest. Actions to avoid exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants should be complementary at different levels-individual, local, and national levels-to take effective measures to protect children who have little or no control over the air they breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yim G, Roberts A, Ascherio A, Wypij D, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf AMG. Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation. Epidemiology 2022; 33:431-440. [PMID: 35213510 PMCID: PMC9010055 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal experiments indicate that environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke, can have multigenerational effects through the germline. However, there are little data on multigenerational effects of smoking in humans. We examined the associations between grandmothers' smoking while pregnant and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in her grandchildren. METHODS Our study population included 53,653 Nurses' Health Study II (NHS-II) participants (generation 1 [G1]), their mothers (generation 0 [G0]), and their 120,467 live-born children (generation 2 [G2]). In secondary analyses, we used data from 23,844 mothers of the nurses who were participants in the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study (NMCS), a substudy of NHS-II. RESULTS The prevalence of G0 smoking during the pregnancy with the G1 nurse was 25%. ADHD was diagnosed in 9,049 (7.5%) of the grandchildren (G2). Grand-maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of ADHD among the grandchildren (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.2), independent of G1 smoking during pregnancy. In the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study, odds of ADHD increased with increasing cigarettes smoked per day by the grandmother (1-14 cigarettes: aOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2; 15+: aOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.3), compared with nonsmoking grandmothers. CONCLUSIONS Grandmother smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ADHD among the grandchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoon Yim
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Roberts
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David Wypij
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
| | | | - And Marc G Weisskopf
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Golding J, Pembrey ME, Gregory S, Suderman M, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K. Paternal grandmother's smoking in pregnancy is associated with extreme aversion to bitter taste in their grandchildren. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac003. [PMID: 35299985 PMCID: PMC8923060 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although there are many examples in the experimental literature of an environmental exposure in one generation impacting the phenotypes of subsequent generations, there are few studies that can assess whether such associations occur in humans. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) has, however, been able to determine whether there are associations between grandparental exposures and their grandchildren's development. Several of our studies, including sensitivity to loud noise, have shown associations between a grandmother smoking in pregnancy and the phenotype of the grandchild. These results were mostly specific to the sex of the grandchild and to whether the prenatal (i.e. during pregnancy) smoking occurred in the maternal or paternal grandmother. Here, we have used ancestral data on prenatal smoking among the grandmothers of the ALSPAC index children to examine possible effects on the grandchild's ability to detect the bitter taste of PROP (6 n-propylthiouracil), distinguishing between the 10% deemed 'extreme tasters', and the rest of the population (total N = 4656 children). We showed that grandchildren whose paternal (but not maternal) grandmothers had smoked in pregnancy were more likely than those of non-smoking grandmothers to be extreme tasters [odds ratio (OR) 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.59] and that this was more likely in granddaughters (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.03, 1.95) than grandsons (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.88, 1.60). This pattern of association between paternal foetal exposure and the granddaughter's development has been found with several other outcomes, suggesting that investigations should be undertaken to investigate possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- **Correspondence address. Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK. Tel: +44 117 3310198; E-mail:
| | - Marcus E Pembrey
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven Gregory
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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McCarthy DM, Zhang L, Wilkes BJ, Vaillancourt DE, Biederman J, Bhide PG. Nicotine and the developing brain: Insights from preclinical models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 214:173355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bush A. Impact of early life exposures on respiratory disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:24-32. [PMID: 34144911 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antecedents of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lie before school age. Adverse effects are transgenerational, antenatal and in the preschool years. Antenatal adverse effects impair spirometry by causing low birth weight, altered lung structure and immune function, and sensitizing the foetus to later insults. The key stages of normal lung health are lung function at birth, lung growth to a plateau age 20-25 years, and the phase of decline thereafter; contrary to perceived wisdom, accelerated decline is not related to smoking. There are different trajectories of lung function. Lung function usually tracks from preschool to late middle age. Asthma is driven by antenatal and early life influences. The airflow obstruction, emphysema and multi-morbidity of COPD all start early. Failure to reach a normal plateau and accelerated decline in lung function are risk factors for COPD. Airway disease cannot be prevented in adult life; prevention must start early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Imperial College, UK; Imperial Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, UK; Consultant Paediatric Chest Physician, Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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López-Cervantes JP, Lønnebotn M, Jogi NO, Calciano L, Kuiper IN, Darby MG, Dharmage SC, Gómez-Real F, Hammer B, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Würtz AML, Mørkve Knudsen T, Koplin J, Pape K, Skulstad SM, Timm S, Tjalvin G, Krauss-Etschmann S, Accordini S, Schlünssen V, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C. The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12684. [PMID: 34886409 PMCID: PMC8657011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult since the human reproductive cycle spans decades and the access to germ cells is limited. The exposome is defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures on an organism (external exposome), and the associated biological responses (endogenous exposome) throughout the lifespan, from conception and onwards. An exposome approach implies a targeted or agnostic analysis of the concurrent and temporal multiple exposures, and may, together with recent technological advances, improve the assessment of the environmental contributors to health and disease. This review describes the current knowledge on preconception environmental exposures as related to respiratory health outcomes in offspring. We discuss the usefulness and feasibility of using an exposome approach in this research, advocating for the preconception exposure window to become included in the exposome concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo López-Cervantes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nils Oskar Jogi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Toril Mørkve Knudsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathrine Pape
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
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13
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Luo R, Zhang H, Mukherjee N, Karmaus W, Patil V, Arshad H, Mzayek F. Association of grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy with DNA methylation of grandchildren: the Isle of Wight study. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1473-1483. [PMID: 34596434 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the intergenerational effects of grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy (GMSDP) on the DNA methylation of grandchildren. Methods: Data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort with information regarding GMSDP and DNA methylation profiling at the birth of grandchildren (n = 161) were used. Differentially methylated CpG sites related to GMSDP were identified using testing-training screening, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance. The association between identified CpG sites and expression levels of neighboring genes was tested by linear regression. Results: Twenty-three CpG sites were differentially methylated in grandchildren because of GMSDP, and eight of these were associated with expression levels of 13 neighboring genes. Conclusion: GMSDP has an intergenerational effect on the DNA methylation profile of grandchildren independent of maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Veeresh Patil
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Newport, PO30 5TG, UK
| | - Hasan Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Newport, PO30 5TG, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Fawaz Mzayek
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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14
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Golding J, Pembrey M, Iles-Caven Y, Watkins S, Suderman M, Northstone K. Ancestral smoking and developmental outcomes: a review of publications from a population birth cohort†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:625-631. [PMID: 34170302 PMCID: PMC8444670 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects on the child of maternal smoking in pregnancy is well-recognized, but little research has been carried out on the possible non-genetic effects of ancestral smoking prior to the pregnancy including parental initiation of cigarette smoking in their own childhoods or a grandmother smoking during pregnancy. Here, we summarize the studies that have been published mainly using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We demonstrate evidence that ancestral smoking prior to or during pregnancy can often be beneficial for offspring health and both ancestor- and sex-specific. More specifically, we report evidence of (i) adverse effects of the father starting to smoke pre-puberty on his son's development; (ii) beneficial effects on the grandson if his maternal grandmother had smoked in pregnancy; and (iii) mainly adverse effects on the granddaughter when the paternal grandmother had smoked in pregnancy. The ancestor- and sex-specificity of these results are consistent with earlier studies reporting associations of health and mortality with ancestral food supply in their parents' and grandparents' pre-pubertal childhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Watkins
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Public Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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15
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Yim G, Roberts A, Ascherio A, Wypij D, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf MG. Association Between Periconceptional Weight of Maternal Grandmothers and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Grandchildren. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2118824. [PMID: 34323981 PMCID: PMC8322994 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neurodevelopmental disorders have been proposed to involve alterations to epigenetic regulation, and epigenetic effects may extend to germline cells to affect later generations. Weight status may affect DNA methylation, and maternal weight before and during pregnancy has been associated with offspring DNA methylation as well as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). OBJECTIVE To assess whether a woman's weight before and during pregnancy is associated with ADHD in her grandchild. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study analyzed data from 19 835 grandmother-mother dyads and 44 720 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS-II) cohort (2001-2013), a population-based prospective cohort study. Cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations were modeled to estimate the association of grandmother's prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with grandchild risk of ADHD. Data analyses were conducted from May 2018 to April 2021. Grandmothers reported their height and weight before, and weight gain during, their pregnancy with the NHS-II participants. Mothers self-reported height and weight prior to pregnancy. From those data, grandmother BMI and mother BMI were calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and categorized as underweight (<18.5), healthy/normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), or obese (≥30). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cases of ADHD identified by maternal report of having a child with a diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS In total, 19 835 grandmothers (97.6% White race/ethnicity; 2113 [10.7%] prepregnancy underweight and 1391 [7.0%] prepregnancy overweight or obese) were included in this cohort study. Of 44 720 grandchildren, 3593 (8%) received a diagnosis of ADHD. Higher odds of ADHD among grandchildren were found for those whose grandmother was underweight compared with healthy weight prior to pregnancy with the NHS-II participant (adjusted odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.42). By contrast, grandmother gestational weight gain was not significantly associated with risk of grandchild ADHD (adjusted odds ratio for <20 lbs [9.1 kg], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.96-1.16; adjusted odds ratio for >29 lbs [13.2 kg], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91-1.13). Mother prepregnancy BMI showed an association with ADHD among offspring, with a stronger association detected for obese status (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.49) than for overweight status (adjusted odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) compared with normal weight as a reference group. The positive association between grandmother prepregnancy underweight and ADHD risk among the grandchildren remained unchanged after further adjustment for potential mediators, including maternal prepregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this cohort study indicate that grandmother underweight prior to pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ADHD among grandchildren, independent of grandmother gestational weight gain and independent of maternal prepregnancy weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoon Yim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Wypij
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc G. Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Breton CV, Landon R, Kahn LG, Enlow MB, Peterson AK, Bastain T, Braun J, Comstock SS, Duarte CS, Hipwell A, Ji H, LaSalle JM, Miller RL, Musci R, Posner J, Schmidt R, Suglia SF, Tung I, Weisenberger D, Zhu Y, Fry R. Exploring the evidence for epigenetic regulation of environmental influences on child health across generations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:769. [PMID: 34158610 PMCID: PMC8219763 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome or epigenome over generations. While there have been clear successes in large-scale human genetic studies in recent decades, there is still a substantial amount of missing heritability to be elucidated for complex childhood disorders. Mounting evidence, primarily in animals, suggests environmental exposures may generate or perpetuate altered health outcomes across one or more generations. One putative mechanism for these environmental health effects is via altered epigenetic regulation. This review highlights the current epidemiologic literature and supporting animal studies that describe intergenerational and transgenerational health effects of environmental exposures. Both maternal and paternal exposures and transmission patterns are considered, with attention paid to the attendant ethical, legal and social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Remy Landon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia K Peterson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Rashelle Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Golding J, van den Berg G, Northstone K, Suderman M, Ellis G, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Pembrey M. Grandchild's IQ is associated with grandparental environments prior to the birth of the parents. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:198. [PMID: 33842694 PMCID: PMC8008356 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16205.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Despite convincing animal experiments demonstrating the potential for environmental exposures in one generation to have demonstrable effects generations later, there have been few relevant human studies. Those that have been undertaken have demonstrated associations, for example, between exposures such as nutrition and cigarette smoking in the grandparental generation and outcomes in grandchildren. We hypothesised that such transgenerational associations might be associated with the IQ of the grandchild, and that it would be likely that there would be differences in results between the sexes of the grandparents, parents, and children. Method. We used three-generational data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We incorporated environmental factors concerning grandparents (F0) and focussed on three exposures that we hypothesised may have independent transgenerational associations with the IQ of the grandchildren (F2): (i) UK Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at grandparental birth year; (ii) whether grandfather smoked; and (iii) whether the grandmother smoked in the relevant pregnancy. Potential confounders were ages of grandparents when the relevant parent was born, ethnic background, education level and social class of each grandparent. Results. After adjustment, all three target exposures had specific associations with measures of IQ in the grandchild. Paternal grandfather smoking was associated with reduced total IQ at 15 years; maternal grandfather smoking with reduced performance IQ at 8 years and reduced total IQ at 15. Paternal grandmother smoking in pregnancy was associated with reduced performance IQ at 8, especially in grandsons. GDP at grandparents' birth produced independent associations of reduced IQ with higher GDP; this was particularly true of paternal grandmothers. Conclusions. These results are complex and need to be tested in other datasets. They highlight the need to consider possible transgenerational associations in studying developmental variation in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Genette Ellis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Steve Gregory
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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18
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Mahon GM, Koppelman GH, Vonk JM. Grandmaternal smoking, asthma and lung function in the offspring: the Lifelines cohort study. Thorax 2021; 76:441-447. [PMID: 33542091 PMCID: PMC8070652 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background/objective Limited research exists regarding the association between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk for asthma and altered lung function in grandchildren. This study aimed to investigate this association in a three-generation design. Methods 37 291 participants (25 747 adults and 11 544 children) were included from the Lifelines study, a prospective longitudinal three generation cohort study in The Netherlands. Spirometry was available in 69.5% and 61.1% of the included adults and children. Logistic and linear regression were used to analyse the association between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and (1) asthma, (2) early childhood asthma (ie, onset before 6 years) and (3) lung function level. Maternal and paternal grandmaternal smoking were studied separately and the analyses were stratified by adult/child and by gender. The analyses were adjusted for gender, current smoking, birth variables and socioeconomic status. Results In the adult population, maternal grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk for asthma (OR (95% CI): 1.38 (1.06 to 1.79)), early childhood asthma (1.49 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.11)) and a lower FEV1/FVC% predicted (B (95% CI): −1.04 (−1.91 to −0.16) in men. These findings were not observed in a separate analysis of children that participated in this study. There was also no significant association between paternal grandmaternal smoking and asthma/lung function. Conclusion Maternal grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher asthma risk and lower lung function in male grandchildren and a reverse effect in male grandchildren of subsequent generations. Our study highlights the deep-rooted effects of tobacco smoking across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Mahon
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Reddy KD, Oliver BGG. Sex-specific effects of in utero and adult tobacco smoke exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L63-L72. [PMID: 33084360 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00273.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke has harmful effects on a multiorgan level. Exposure to smoke, whether in utero or environmental, significantly increases susceptibility. This susceptibility has been identified to be divergent between males and females. However, there remains a distinct lack of thorough research into the relationship between sex and exposure to tobacco. Females tend to generate a more significant response than males during adulthood exposure. The intrauterine environment is meticulously controlled, and exposure to tobacco presents a significant factor that contributes to poor health outcomes and susceptibility later in life. Analysis of these effects in relation to the sex of the offspring is yet to be holistically reviewed and summarized. In this review, we will delineate the time-dependent relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and sex-specific disease susceptibility. We further outline possible biological mechanisms that may contribute to the identified pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham D Reddy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Golding J, van den Berg G, Northstone K, Suderman M, Ellis G, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Pembrey M. Grandchild's IQ is associated with grandparental environments prior to the birth of the parents. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:198. [PMID: 33842694 PMCID: PMC8008356 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In spite of convincing animal experiments demonstrating the potential for environmental exposures in one generation to have demonstrable effects generations later, there have been few relevant human studies. Those that have been undertaken have demonstrated associations, for example, between exposures such as nutrition and cigarette smoking in the grandparental generation and outcomes in grandchildren. We hypothesised that such transgenerational associations might be associated with the IQ of the grandchild, and that it would be likely that there would be differences in results between the sexes of the grandparents, parents and children. Methods: We used three-generational data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We incorporated environmental factors concerning grandparents (F0) and focussed on three exposures that we hypothesised may have independent transgenerational associations with the IQ of the grandchildren (F2): (i) UK Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at grandparental birth year; (ii) whether the grandfather smoked; and (iii) whether the grandmother smoked in the relevant pregnancy. Potential confounders were ages of grandparents when the relevant parent was born, ethnic background, education level and social class of each grandparent. Results: After adjustment, all three target exposures had specific associations with measures of IQ in the grandchild. Paternal grandfather smoking was associated with reduced total IQ at 15 years; maternal grandfather smoking with reduced performance IQ at 8 years and reduced total IQ at 15. Paternal grandmother smoking in pregnancy was associated with reduced performance IQ at 8, especially in grandsons. GDP at grandparents' birth produced independent associations of reduced IQ with higher GDP; this was particularly true of paternal grandmothers. Conclusions: These results are complex and need to be tested in other datasets. They highlight the need to consider possible transgenerational associations in studying developmental variation in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Golding
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Genette Ellis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Steve Gregory
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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21
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Torchin H, Le Lous M, Houdouin V. [In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Impact on the Child from Birth to Adulthood - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines for Smoking Management during Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:567-577. [PMID: 32247092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal passive smoking. It is associated with several obstetrical complications and is a major modifiable factor of maternal and fetal morbidity. Long-term consequences also exist but are less well known to health professionals and in the general population. METHODS Consultation of the Medline® database. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in the offspring with sudden infant death syndrome (NP2), impaired lung function (NP2), lower respiratory infections and asthma (NP2), overweight and obesity (NP2), cancers (NP3), risk of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and early smoking initiation (NP2). Unadjusted analyses show associations between in utero tobacco exposure and cognitive deficits (NP3), impaired school performance (NP3) and behavioral disorders in children (NP2), which are in a large part explained by environmental factors. There is a cross-generational effect of smoking during pregnancy. For example, an increased risk of asthma is observed in the grandchildren of smoking women (NP4). The respective roles of ante- and post-natal smoking remain difficult to assess. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of prevention measures against tobacco use in the general population, as well as screening measures and support for smoking cessation before or at the beginning of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torchin
- Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, INRA, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Houdouin
- Service de pneumologie, allergologie et CRCM pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Inserm UMR S 976, immunologie humaine, physiologie et immunothérapie, faculté Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
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22
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Hammer B, Wagner C, Divac Rankov A, Reuter S, Bartel S, Hylkema MN, Krüger A, Svanes C, Krauss-Etschmann S. In utero exposure to cigarette smoke and effects across generations: A conference of animals on asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 48:1378-1390. [PMID: 30244507 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has risen markedly over the last decades and is reaching epidemic proportions. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, hampering the urgently needed development of approaches to prevent these diseases. It is well established from epidemiological studies that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the main risk factors for aberrant lung function development or reduced fetal growth, but also for the development of asthma and possibly COPD later in life. Of note, recent evidence suggests that the disease risk can be transferred across generations, that is, from grandparents to their grandchildren. While initial studies in mouse models on in utero smoke exposure have provided important mechanistic insights, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be filled. OBJECTIVE Thus, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on this topic derived from mouse models, while also introducing two other relevant animal models: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS This review is based on an intensive review of PubMed-listed transgenerational animal studies from 1902 to 2018 and focuses in detail on selected literature due to space limitations. RESULTS This review gives a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights obtained in studies with the three species, while highlighting the remaining knowledge gaps. We will further discuss potential (dis)advantages of all three animal models. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE Many studies have already addressed transgenerational inheritance of disease risk in mouse, zebrafish or fly models. We here propose a novel strategy for how these three model organisms can be synergistically combined to achieve a more detailed understanding of in utero cigarette smoke-induced transgenerational inheritance of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hammer
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Divac Rankov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Krüger
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute for Life Science and Technology, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Williams C, Suderman M, Guggenheim JA, Ellis G, Gregory S, Iles-Caven Y, Northstone K, Golding J, Pembrey M. Grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy is associated with a reduced prevalence of early-onset myopia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15413. [PMID: 31659193 PMCID: PMC6817861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia (near sightedness) is the most common vision disorder resulting in visual impairment worldwide. We tested the hypothesis that intergenerational, non-genetic heritable effects influence refractive development, using grandparental prenatal smoking as a candidate exposure. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we found that the prevalence of myopia at age 7 was lower if the paternal grandmother had smoked in pregnancy, an association primarily found among grandsons compared to granddaughters. There was a weaker, non-sex-specific, reduction in the prevalence of myopia at age 7 if the maternal grandmother had smoked in pregnancy. For children who became myopic later (between 7 and 15 years of age) there were no associations with either grandmother smoking. Differences between early and late-onset myopia were confirmed with DNA methylation patterns: there were very distinct and strong associations with methylation for early-onset but not later-onset myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Genette Ellis
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Steve Gregory
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Yasmin Iles-Caven
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- ALSPAC, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Marcus Pembrey
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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24
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Kuniyoshi KM, Rehan VK. The impact of perinatal nicotine exposure on fetal lung development and subsequent respiratory morbidity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1270-1283. [PMID: 31580538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy remains as a significant public health crisis as it did decades ago. Although its prevalence is decreasing in high-income countries, it has worsened globally, along with a concerning emergence of electronic-cigarette usage within the last two decades. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental evidence exists from both human and animal studies, demonstrating the detrimental long-term pulmonary outcomes in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Even secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure to the developing lung might be as or even more harmful than firsthand smoke exposure. Furthermore, these effects are not limited only to the exposed progeny, but can also be transmitted transgenerationally. There is compelling evidence to support that the majority of the effects of perinatal smoke exposure on the developing lung, including the transgenerational transmission of asthma, is mediated by nicotine. Nicotine exposure induces cell-specific molecular changes in lungs, which offers a unique opportunity to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the resultant damage through targeted molecular interventions. Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring. However, the development of a safe and effective intervention is still many years away. In the meantime, electropuncture at specific acupoints appears to be emerging as a more practical and safe physiologic approach to block the harmful pulmonary consequences of perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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25
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Johannessen A, Lønnebotn M, Calciano L, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Dharmage S, Franklin KA, Gislason T, Holm M, Janson C, Jarvis D, Jõgi R, Kim JL, Kirkeleit J, Lodge C, Malinovschi A, Martinez-Moratalla J, Nilsen RM, Pereira-Vega A, Real FG, Schlünssen V, Accordini S, Svanes C. Being overweight in childhood, puberty, or early adulthood: Changing asthma risk in the next generation? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:791-799.e4. [PMID: 31505189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight status and asthma have increased during the last decades. Being overweight is a known risk factor for asthma, but it is not known whether it might also increase asthma risk in the next generation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether parents being overweight in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood is associated with asthma in their offspring. METHODS We included 6347 adult offspring (age, 18-52 years) investigated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) multigeneration study of 2044 fathers and 2549 mothers (age, 37-66 years) investigated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study. Associations of parental overweight status at age 8 years, puberty, and age 30 years with offspring's childhood overweight status (potential mediator) and offspring's asthma with or without nasal allergies (outcomes) was analyzed by using 2-level logistic regression and 2-level multinomial logistic regression, respectively. Counterfactual-based mediation analysis was performed to establish whether observed associations were direct or indirect effects mediated through the offspring's own overweight status. RESULTS We found statistically significant associations between both fathers' and mothers' childhood overweight status and offspring's childhood overweight status (odds ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.45-3.42] and 2.45 [95% CI, 1.86-3.22], respectively). We also found a statistically significant effect of fathers' onset of being overweight in puberty on offspring's asthma without nasal allergies (relative risk ratio, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.23-4.33]). This effect was direct and not mediated through the offspring's own overweight status. No effect on offspring's asthma with nasal allergies was found. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that metabolic factors long before conception can increase asthma risk and that male puberty is a time window of particular importance for offspring's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy & Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jeong-Lim Kim
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Lodge
- Department of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jesus Martinez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Bråbäck L, Olsson D, Forsberg B. Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and asthma in grandchildren. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:624. [PMID: 31213286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - David Olsson
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Section of Sustainable Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Escher J, Robotti S. Pregnancy drugs, fetal germline epigenome, and risks for next-generation pathology: A call to action. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:445-454. [PMID: 30891817 DOI: 10.1002/em.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect three generations at once: the gestating woman (F0), her exposed fetus (F1), and the fetal germ cells that confer heritable information for the grandchildren (F2). Unfortunately, despite growing evidence for connections between F0 drug exposures and F2 pathology, current approaches to risk assessment overlook this important dimension of risk. In this commentary, we argue that the unique molecular vulnerabilities of the fetal germline, particularly with regard to global epigenomic reprogramming, combined with empirical evidence for F2 effects of F1 in utero drug and other exposures, should change the way we consider potential long-term consequences of pregnancy drugs and alter toxicology's standard somatic paradigm. Specifically, we (1) suggest that pregnancy drugs common in the postwar decades should be investigated as potential contributors to the "missing heritability" of many pathologies now surging in prevalence; (2) call for inclusion of fetal germline risks in pregnancy drug safety assessment; and (3) highlight the need for intensified research to ascertain generational impacts of diethylstilbestrol, a vanguard question of human germline toxicity. Only by fully addressing this important dimension of transplacental exposure can we responsibly evaluate safety of drug exposures during pregnancy and convey the full scope of risks, while also retrospectively comprehending the generational legacy of recent history's unprecedented glut of evolutionarily novel intrauterine exposures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:445-454, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Escher Fund for Autism, San Jose, California
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28
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Accordini S, Calciano L, Johannessen A, Portas L, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Carsin AE, Dharmage SC, Dratva J, Forsberg B, Gomez Real F, Heinrich J, Holloway JW, Holm M, Janson C, Jögi R, Leynaert B, Malinovschi A, Marcon A, Martínez-Moratalla Rovira J, Raherison C, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Schlünssen V, Bono R, Corsico AG, Demoly P, Dorado Arenas S, Nowak D, Pin I, Weyler J, Jarvis D, Svanes C. A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking with asthma. Int J Epidemiol 2019. [PMID: 29534228 PMCID: PMC6124624 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mothers’ smoking during pregnancy increases asthma risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that grandmothers’ smoking may have a similar effect, and biological plausibility that fathers’ smoking during adolescence may influence offspring’s health through transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years) had ever had asthma and whether it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and fathers also provided information on their parents’ (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre three-generation framework were fitted separately within the maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines. Results Fathers’ smoking before they were 15 [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.01] and mothers’ smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies in their offspring. Grandmothers’ smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.55). Conclusions Fathers’ smoking during early adolescence and grandmothers’ and mothers’ smoking during pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring. Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents and before conception. Funding European Union (Horizon 2020, GA-633212).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Portas
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Dratva
- ZHAW School of Health Professions, Institute of Health Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- INSERM UMR 1152, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jesús Martínez-Moratalla Rovira
- Pneumology Service of the University Hospital Complex of Albacete (CHUA), Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo G Corsico
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS 'San Matteo' Hospital Foundation-University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, Paris, France
| | | | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Pediatrie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM 1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Joost Weyler
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine and the StatUA Statistics Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Zakarya R, Adcock I, Oliver BG. Epigenetic impacts of maternal tobacco and e-vapour exposure on the offspring lung. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:32. [PMID: 30782202 PMCID: PMC6381655 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero exposure to tobacco products, whether maternal or environmental, have harmful effects on first neonatal and later adult respiratory outcomes. These effects have been shown to persist across subsequent generations, regardless of the offsprings' smoking habits. Established epigenetic modifications induced by in utero exposure are postulated as the mechanism underlying the inherited poor respiratory outcomes. As e-cigarette use is on the rise, their potential to induce similar functional respiratory deficits underpinned by an alteration in the foetal epigenome needs to be explored. This review will focus on the functional and epigenetic impact of in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoke, maternal environmental tobacco smoke, environmental tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapour on foetal respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Zakarya
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Section of Respiratory Diseases, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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30
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Mørkve Knudsen T, Rezwan FI, Jiang Y, Karmaus W, Svanes C, Holloway JW. Transgenerational and intergenerational epigenetic inheritance in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:765-772. [PMID: 30040975 PMCID: PMC6167012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has become clear that early life (including in utero exposures) is a key window of vulnerability during which environmental exposures can alter developmental trajectories and initiate allergic disease development. However, recent evidence suggests that there might be additional windows of vulnerability to environmental exposures in the parental generation before conception or even in previous generations. There is evidence suggesting that information of prior exposures can be transferred across generations, and experimental animal models suggest that such transmission can be conveyed through epigenetic mechanisms. Although the molecular mechanisms of intergenerational and transgenerationational epigenetic transmission have yet to be determined, the realization that environment before conception can alter the risks of allergic diseases has profound implications for the development of public health interventions to prevent disease. Future research in both experimental models and in multigenerational human cohorts is needed to better understand the role of intergenerational and transgenerational effects in patients with asthma and allergic disease. This will provide the knowledge basis for a new approach to efficient intervention strategies aimed at reducing the major public health challenge of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal I Rezwan
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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31
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Richmond RC, Suderman M, Langdon R, Relton CL, Davey Smith G. DNA methylation as a marker for prenatal smoke exposure in adults. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1120-1130. [PMID: 29860346 PMCID: PMC6124615 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal smoke exposure is known to be robustly associated with DNA methylation among offspring in early life, but whether the association persists into adulthood is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of maternal smoke exposure on DNA methylation in 754 women (mean age 30 years); to replicate findings in the same women 18 years later and in a cohort of 230 men (mean age 53 years); and to assess the extent to which a methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure. Methods We first carried out an epigenome-wide association analysis for prenatal smoke exposure and performed replication analyses for the top CpG sites in the other samples. We derived a DNA methylation score based on previously identified CpG sites and generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the performance of these scores as predictors of prenatal smoke exposure. Results We observed associations at 15 CpG sites in 11 gene regions: MYO1G, FRMD4A, CYP1A1, CNTNAP2, ARL4C, AHRR, TIFAB, MDM4, AX748264, DRD1, FTO (false discovery rate <5%). Most of these associations were specific to exposure during pregnancy, were present 18 years later and were replicated in a cohort of men. A DNA methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure (30 years previously) with an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 0.76). Conclusions The results of this study provide robust evidence that maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with changes in DNA methylation that persist in the exposed offspring for many years after prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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32
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Kuiper IN, Svanes C, Benediktsdottir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Dharmage SC, Holm M, Janson C, Jögi R, Malinovschi A, Matheson M, Moratalla JM, Real FG, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Schlünssen V, Timm S, Johannessen A. Agreement in reporting of asthma by parents or offspring - the RHINESSA generation study. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:122. [PMID: 30053806 PMCID: PMC6062946 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-report questionnaires are commonly used in epidemiology, but may be susceptible to misclassification, especially if answers are given on behalf of others, e.g. children or parents. The aim was to determine agreement and analyse predictors of disagreement in parents’ reports of offspring asthma, and in offspring reports of parents’ asthma. Methods In the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study, 6752 offspring (age range 18–51 years) and their parents (age range 39–66 years) reported their own and each other’s asthma status. Agreement between asthma reports from offspring and parents was determined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Cohen’s kappa. The participants’ own answers regarding themselves were defined as the gold standard. To investigate predictors for disagreement logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for sex, smoking status, education, comorbidity and severity of asthma. Results Agreement was good for parental report of offspring early onset asthma (< 10 years, Cohen’s kappa 0.72) and moderate for offspring later onset asthma (Cohen’s kappa 0.46). Specificity was 0.99 for both, and sensitivity was 0.68 and 0.36, respectively. For offspring report of maternal and paternal asthma the agreement was good (Cohen’s kappa 0.69 and 0.68), specificity was 0.96 and 0.97, and sensitivity was 0.72 and 0.68, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was lowest for offspring report of maternal asthma (0.75), and highest for parents’ report of early onset asthma in the offspring (0.83). The negative predictive value (NPV) was high for all four groups (0.94–0.97). In multivariate analyses current smokers (OR = 1.46 [95% CI 1.05, 2.02]) and fathers (OR = 1.31 [95% CI 1.08, 1.59]) were more likely to report offspring asthma incorrectly. Offspring wheeze was associated with reporting parental asthma incorrectly (OR = 1.60 [95% CI 1.21, 2.11]), both under- and over reporting. Conclusions Asthma reports across generations show moderate to good agreement, making information from other generations a useful tool in the absence of direct reports. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-018-0687-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N Kuiper
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melanie Matheson
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jesús Martínez Moratalla
- Servicio de Salud de Castilla, Servicio de Neumología del Complejo Hospitalario Univerisitario de Albacete, La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Berlin I. [Maternal smoking during pregnancy: A risk factor for respiratory disorders in children]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:686-693. [PMID: 29954637 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is a well-established risk factor for negative pregnancy outcomes, but its negative effects on the health of the child after birth are less well known by both health professionals and the general public. Large cohort studies over the past 10 years have shown that MSDP is an independent risk factor for several childhood health problems such as e.g. obesity and smoking. A large number of recent studies and 3 meta-analyses demonstrate that MSDP is an independent risk factor of wheezing and asthma of the child exposed in utero to maternal smoking. MSDP is associated with epigenetic toxicities the currently most plausible hypothesis to explain the diversity of its postnatal negative effects. The eradication of MSDP could contribute to the reduction of health problems in the next generation, including the incidence of childhood respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Berlin
- Département de pharmacologie, CESP-Inserm 1018, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, faculté de médecine,Sorbonne université, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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34
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Bråbäck L, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, Dharmage SC, Olsson D, Forsberg B. Childhood asthma and smoking exposures before conception-A three-generational cohort study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29512835 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some human and animal studies have recently shown that maternal grandmother's smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of asthma in the grandchildren. We have investigated whether sex of the exposed parent and/or grandchild modifies the association between grandmaternal smoking and grandchild asthma. METHODS We formed a cohort study based on linkage of national registries with prospectively collected data over three generations. Smoking habits in early pregnancy were registered since 1982 and purchases of prescribed medication since 2005. In all, 10 329 children born since 2005 had information on maternal and grandmaternal smoking on both sides and were followed from birth up to 6 years of age. Ages when medication was purchased were used to classify the cohort into never, early transient (0-3 years), early persistent (0-3 and 4-6 years), and late-onset (4-6 years) phenotypes of childhood asthma. RESULTS Maternal grandmother's smoking was associated with an increased odds of early persistent asthma after adjustment for maternal smoking and other confounders (odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.51). Grandchild sex did not modify the association. Paternal grandmother's smoking was not associated with any of the asthma phenotypes. CONCLUSION Maternal but not paternal exposure to nicotine before conception was related to an increased risk of early persistent childhood asthma, but not other asthma phenotypes. Our findings are possibly consistent with a sex-specific mode of epigenetic transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline J Lodge
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David Olsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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35
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Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1033. [PMID: 29883409 PMCID: PMC5982072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the skewed inflammatory profile that aggravates inflammation, promotes infections, induces tissue damage, and may promote the development of allergy in individuals exposed to ETS. We demonstrate how the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke leads to oxidative stress, increased mucosal inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ([TNF]-α). Direct cellular effects of ETS on epithelial cells results in increased permeability, mucus overproduction, impaired mucociliary clearance, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and disturbed lymphocyte balance towards Th2. The plethora of presented phenomena fully justifies a restrictive policy aiming at limiting the domestic and public exposure to ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
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36
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Intrauterine smoke exposure deregulates lung function, pulmonary transcriptomes, and in particular insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in a sex-specific manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7547. [PMID: 29765129 PMCID: PMC5953988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is a significant risk-factor for airway disease development. Furthermore, the high prevalence of pregnant smoking women requires the establishment of strategies for offspring lung protection. Therefore, we here aimed to understand the molecular mechanism of how prenatal smoke exposure affects fetal lung development. We used a mouse model recapitulating clinical findings of prenatally exposed children, where pregnant mice were exposed to smoke until c-section or spontaneous delivery, and offspring weight development and lung function was monitored. Additionally, we investigated pulmonary transcriptome changes in fetal lungs (GD18.5) by mRNA/miRNA arrays, network analyses and qPCR. The results demonstrated that prenatally exposed mice showed intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, and impaired lung function. 1340 genes and 133 miRNAs were found to be significantly dysregulated by in utero smoke exposure, and we identified Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) as a top hierarchical node in a network analysis. Moreover, Igf1 mRNA was increased in female murine offspring and in prenatally exposed children. These findings suggest that prenatal smoking is associated with a dysregulation of several genes, including Igf1 in a sex-specific manner. Thus, our results could represent a novel link between smoke exposure, abberant lung development and impaired lung function.
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37
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Svanes C, Koplin J, Skulstad SM, Johannessen A, Bertelsen RJ, Benediktsdottir B, Bråbäck L, Elie Carsin A, Dharmage S, Dratva J, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Holm M, Janson C, Jarvis D, Jögi R, Krauss-Etschmann S, Lindberg E, Macsali F, Malinovschi A, Modig L, Norbäck D, Omenaas E, Waatevik Saure E, Sigsgaard T, Skorge TD, Svanes Ø, Torén K, Torres C, Schlünssen V, Gomez Real F. Father's environment before conception and asthma risk in his children: a multi-generation analysis of the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:235-245. [PMID: 27565179 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas it is generally accepted that maternal environment plays a key role in child health, emerging evidence suggests that paternal environment before conception also impacts child health. We aimed to investigate the association between children's asthma risk and parental smoking and welding exposures prior to conception. Methods In a longitudinal, multi-country study, parents of 24 168 offspring aged 2-51 years provided information on their life-course smoking habits, occupational exposure to welding and metal fumes, and offspring's asthma before/after age 10 years and hay fever. Logistic regressions investigated the relevant associations controlled for age, study centre, parental characteristics (age, asthma, education) and clustering by family. Results Non-allergic early-onset asthma (asthma without hay fever, present in 5.8%) was more common in the offspring with fathers who smoked before conception {odds ratio [OR] = 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-2.41]}, whereas mothers' smoking before conception did not predict offspring asthma. The risk was highest if father started smoking before age 15 years [3.24 (1.67-6.27)], even if he stopped more than 5 years before conception [2.68 (1.17-6.13)]. Fathers' pre-conception welding was independently associated with non-allergic asthma in his offspring [1.80 (1.29-2.50)]. There was no effect if the father started welding or smoking after birth. The associations were consistent across countries. Conclusions Environmental exposures in young men appear to influence the respiratory health of their offspring born many years later. Influences during susceptible stages of spermatocyte development might be important and needs further investigation in humans. We hypothesize that protecting young men from harmful exposures may lead to improved respiratory health in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Jakobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Byndis Benediktsdottir
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anne Elie Carsin
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Dratva
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Gender & Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty
| | | | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Foundation Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tartu University, Estonia
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Divison of Experimental Asthma Research, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Macsali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland, University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars Modig
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Trude Duelien Skorge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øistein Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Torres
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Francisco Gomez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland, University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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38
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Melén E, Barouki R, Barry M, Boezen HM, Hoffmann B, Krauss-Etschmann S, Koppelman GH, Forsberg B. Promoting respiratory public health through epigenetics research: an ERS Environment Health Committee workshop report. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/4/1702410. [PMID: 29618601 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02410-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden .,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S1124, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, France.,Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maeve Barry
- Advocacy and EU Affairs Dept, European Respiratory Society, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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39
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Lodge CJ, Bråbäck L, Lowe AJ, Dharmage SC, Olsson D, Forsberg B. Grandmaternal smoking increases asthma risk in grandchildren: A nationwide Swedish cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 48:167-174. [PMID: 28925522 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in exposures prior to conception as possible risk factors for offspring asthma. Although partially supported by evidence from limited human studies, current evidence is inconsistent and based on recall of exposure status. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in grandchildren using prospectively collected population-based data. METHODS Information on grandmaternal and maternal smoking during pregnancy and grandchild use of asthma medications was collected from national Swedish registries. Associations between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy (10-12 weeks) and asthma medication use in grandchildren were investigated using generalized estimating equations. Ages at which asthma medications were prescribed classified childhood asthma into never, early transient (0-3 years), late onset (3-6 years) and early persistent (0-3 and 3-6 years) phenotypes. RESULTS From 1982 to 1986, 44 583 grandmothers gave birth to 46 197 mothers, who gave birth to 66 271 grandchildren (born 1996-2010). Children aged 1-6 years had an increased asthma risk if their grandmothers had smoked during pregnancy, with a higher risk for more exposure (10+ cigs/d; adjusted OR 1.23; 1.17, 1.30). Maternal smoking did not modify this relationship. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Children had an increased risk of asthma in the first 6 years of life if their grandmothers smoked during early pregnancy, independent of maternal smoking. Importantly, this exhibited a dose-response relationship and was associated with a persistent childhood asthma phenotype. These findings support possible epigenetic transmission of risk from environmental exposures in previous generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Bråbäck
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - D Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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40
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Saad NJ, Patel J, Minelli C, Burney PGJ. Explaining ethnic disparities in lung function among young adults: A pilot investigation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178962. [PMID: 28575113 PMCID: PMC5456386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethnic disparities in lung function have been linked mainly to anthropometric factors but have not been fully explained. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to investigate how best to study ethnic differences in lung function in young adults and evaluate whether these could be explained by birth weight and socio-economic factors. Methods We recruited 112 university students of White and South Asian British ethnicity, measured post-bronchodilator lung function, obtained information on respiratory symptoms and socio-economic factors through questionnaires, and acquired birth weight through data linkage. We regressed lung function against ethnicity and candidate predictors defined a priori using linear regression, and used penalised regression to examine a wider range of factors. We reviewed the implications of our findings for the feasibility of a larger study. Results There was a similar parental socio-economic environment and no difference in birth weight between the two ethnic groups, but the ethnic difference in FVC adjusted for sex, age, height, demi-span, father’s occupation, birth weight, maternal educational attainment and maternal upbringing was 0.81L (95%CI: -1.01 to -0.54L). Difference in body proportions did not explain the ethnic differences although parental immigration was an important predictor of FVC independent of ethnic group. Participants were comfortable with study procedures and we were able to link birth weight data to clinical measurements. Conclusion Studies of ethnic disparities in lung function among young adults are feasible. Future studies should recruit a socially more diverse sample and investigate the role of markers of acculturation in explaining such differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Saad
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaymini Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Minelli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G J Burney
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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41
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Khatun M, Al Mamun A, Scott J, William GM, Clavarino A, Najman JM. Do children born to teenage parents have lower adult intelligence? A prospective birth cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167395. [PMID: 28278227 PMCID: PMC5344312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Teenage motherhood has been associated with a wide variety of negative offspring outcomes including poorer cognitive development. In the context of limitations of previous research, this paper assesses the contemporary relevance of this finding. In this study we investigate the long-term cognitive status (IQ) among 21 year adult offspring born to teenage parents using the Mater University Study of Pregnancy- a prospective birth cohort study, which recruited all pregnant mothers attending a large obstetrical hospital in Brisbane, Australia, from 1981 to 1983. The analyses were restricted to a sub-sample of 2643 mother-offspring pair. Offspring IQ was measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at 21 year. Parental age was reported at first clinic visit. Offspring born to teenage mothers (<20 years) have -3.0 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -4.3, -1.8) points lower IQ compared to children born to mothers ≥20 years and were more likely to have a low IQ (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.3). Adjustment for a range of confounding and mediating factors including parental socioeconomic status, maternal IQ, maternal smoking and binge drinking in pregnancy, birthweight, breastfeeding and parenting style attenuates the association, though the effect remains statistically significant (-1.4 IQ points; 95% CI: -2.8,-0.1). Similarly the risk of offspring having low IQ remained marginally significantly higher in those born to teenage mothers (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.9). In contrast, teenage fatherhood is not associated with adult offspring IQ, when adjusted for maternal age. Although the reduction in IQ is quantitatively small, it is indicative of neurodevelopmental disadvantage experienced by the young adult offspring of teenage mothers. Our results suggest that public policy initiatives should be targeted not only at delaying childbearing in the population but also at supporting early life condition of children born to teenage mothers to minimize the risk for disadvantageous outcomes of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Khatun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James Scott
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail M. William
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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42
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Zacharasiewicz A. Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00042-2016. [PMID: 27730206 PMCID: PMC5034599 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00042-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) is a large modifiable risk factor for pregnancy related mortality and morbidity and also the most important known modifiable risk factor for asthma. This review summarises the effects of MSP throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence with regards to asthma (development and severity). Firstly, the direct damage caused by nicotine on fetal lung development, fetal growth and neuronal differentiation is discussed, as well as the indirect effects of nicotine on placental functioning. Secondly, the effects of MSP on later immune functioning resulting in increased infection rate are summarised and details are given on the effects of MSP modulating airway hyperreactivity, reducing lung function and therefore increasing asthma morbidity. Furthermore, epigenetic effects are increasingly being recognised. These can also result in transgenerational detrimental effects induced by cigarette smoke. In summary, the causal relationship between MSP and asthma development is well documented and presents a major health problem for generations to come. The high prevalence of MSP is alarming and epigenetic effects of nicotine on immune functioning potentiate this danger. A considerable part of the increase in asthma prevalence worldwide is due to MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zacharasiewicz
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Teaching Hospital Wilhelminenspital of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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43
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44
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Gibbs K, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development. Chest 2016; 149:552-561. [PMID: 26502117 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during prenatal and postnatal life can impair lung development, alter the immune response to viral infections, and increase the prevalence of wheezing during childhood. The following review examines recent discoveries in the fields of lung development and tobacco and nicotine exposure, emphasizing studies published within the last 5 years. In utero tobacco and nicotine exposure remains common, occurring in approximately 10% of pregnancies within the United States. Exposed neonates are at increased risk for diminished lung function, altered central and peripheral respiratory chemoreception, and increased asthma symptoms throughout childhood. Recently, genomic and epigenetic risk factors, such as alterations in DNA methylation, have been identified that may influence the risk for long-term disease. This review examines the impact of prenatal tobacco and nicotine exposure on lung development with a particular focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition, this review examines the role of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure and its association with augmenting infection risk, skewing the immune response toward a T-helper type 2 bias and increasing risk for developing an allergic phenotype and asthmalike symptoms during childhood. Finally, this review outlines the respiratory morbidities associated with childhood secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure and examines genetic and epigenetic modifiers that may influence respiratory health in infants and children exposed to in utero or postnatal tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gibbs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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46
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Dougan MM, Field AE, Rich-Edwards JW, Hankinson SE, Glynn RJ, Willett WC, Michels KB. Is grand-parental smoking associated with adolescent obesity? A three-generational study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:531-7. [PMID: 26388349 PMCID: PMC4800484 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Data from previous studies consistently suggest that maternal smoking is positively associated with obesity later in life. Whether this association persists across generations is unknown. We examined whether grand-parental smoking was positively associated with overweight status in adolescence. SUBJECT/METHODS Participants were grandmother-mother-child triads in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II), the Nurses Mothers' Cohort Study and the Growing up Today Study (GUTS). Grandmothers provided information on their and their partner's smoking during pregnancy with the child's mother. Information on child's weight and height at ages 12 (N=3094) and 17 (N=3433) was obtained from annual or biennial GUTS questionnaires. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of being overweight or obese, relative to normal weight. RESULTS Grand-maternal smoking during pregnancy was not associated with overweight status in adolescence. After adjusting for covariates, the OR of being overweight or obese relative to normal weight at age 12 years in girls whose grandmothers smoked 15+ cigarettes daily during pregnancy was 1.21 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.98; P(trend)=0.31) and 1.07 (0.65-1.77; P(trend)=0.41) in boys. Grand-paternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with being overweight or obese at age 12 in girls only, but not at age 17 for either sex: the OR for being overweight or obese at age 12 was 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.89; P(trend)=0.03) in girls and 1.31 (95% CI 0.97-1.76; P(trend)=0.07) in boys. Among children of non-smoking mothers, the OR for granddaughter obesity for grand-paternal smoking was attenuated and no longer significant (OR 1.28 (95% CI 0.87-1.89; P(trend)=0.18)). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the association between maternal smoking and offspring obesity may not persist beyond the first generation. However, grand-paternal smoking may affect the overweight status of the granddaughter, likely through the association between grand-paternal smoking and maternal smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dougan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Field
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R J Glynn
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
It has been recognized for centuries that allergic disease runs in families, implying a role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility. More recently, a range of evidence shows that many of these genetic factors, together with in utero environmental exposures, lead to the development of allergic disease through altered immune and organ development. Environmental exposures during pregnancy including diet, nutrient intake and toxin exposures can alter the epigenome and interact with inherited genetic and epigenetic risk factors to directly and indirectly influence organ development and immune programming. Understanding of these factors will be essential in identifying at-risk individuals and possible development of therapeutic interventions for the primary prevention of allergic disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence that suggests allergic disease begins in utero, together with possible mechanisms for the effect of environmental exposures during pregnancy on allergic disease risk, including epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johanna Huoman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Unit of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,International Inflammation network (in-FLAME) of the World Universities Network
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48
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Maccani JZ, Maccani MA. Altered placental DNA methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking: current perspectives. ADVANCES IN GENOMICS AND GENETICS 2015; 2015:205-214. [PMID: 26203295 PMCID: PMC4507353 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s61518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis states that adverse early life exposures can have lasting, detrimental effects on lifelong health. Exposure to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with morbidity and mortality in offspring, including increased risks for miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, asthma, obesity, altered neurobehavior, and other conditions. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy interferes with placental growth and functioning, and it has been proposed that this may occur through the disruption of normal and necessary placental epigenetic patterns. Epigenome-wide association studies have identified a number of differentially methylated placental genes that are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including RUNX3, PURA, GTF2H2, GCA, GPR135, and HKR1. The placental methylation status of RUNX3 and NR3C1 has also been linked to adverse infant outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively. Candidate gene analyses have also found maternal smoking-associated placental methylation differences in the NR3C1, CYP1A1, HTR2A, and HSD11B2 genes, as well as in the repetitive elements LINE-1 and AluYb8. The differential methylation patterns of several genes have been confirmed to also exhibit altered gene expression patterns, including CYP1A1, CYP19A1, NR3C1, and HTR2A. Placental methylation patterns associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy may be largely gene-specific and tissue-specific and, to a lesser degree, involve global changes. It is important for future research to investigate the mechanistic roles that these differentially methylated genes may play in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and disease in later life, as well as to elucidate the potential influence of emerging tobacco product use during pregnancy, including the use of electronic cigarettes, on placental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zj Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Maccani
- Penn State Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, College of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Hershey, PA, USA
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49
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Krauss-Etschmann S, Meyer KF, Dehmel S, Hylkema MN. Inter- and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: evidence in asthma and COPD? Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:53. [PMID: 26052354 PMCID: PMC4456695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is now emerging that early life environment can have lifelong effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary function in offspring, a concept also known as fetal or developmental programming. In mammals, developmental programming is thought to occur mainly via epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of non-coding RNAs. The effects of developmental programming can be induced by the intrauterine environment, leading to intergenerational epigenetic effects from one generation to the next. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance may be considered when developmental programming is transmitted across generations that were not exposed to the initial environment which triggered the change. So far, inter- and transgenerational programming has been mainly described for cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. In this review, we discuss available evidence that epigenetic inheritance also occurs in respiratory diseases, using asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as examples. While multiple epidemiological as well as animal studies demonstrate effects of 'toxic' intrauterine exposure on various asthma-related phenotypes in the offspring, only few studies link epigenetic marks to the observed phenotypes. As epigenetic marks may distinguish individuals most at risk of later disease at early age, it will enable early intervention strategies to reduce such risks. To achieve this goal further, well designed experimental and human studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- />Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich and Children’s Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- />Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel and Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karolin F Meyer
- />Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />University of Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dehmel
- />Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich and Children’s Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- />Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />University of Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Magnus MC, Håberg SE, Karlstad Ø, Nafstad P, London SJ, Nystad W. Grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother and asthma in the grandchild: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Thorax 2015; 70:237-43. [PMID: 25572596 PMCID: PMC5034931 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A trans-generational influence of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on asthma development has been proposed but the evidence remains sparse. METHODS We examined the grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother in relation to asthma outcomes in the grandchild (current asthma at 36 months (N=53 169, cases=3013), current asthma at 7 years (N=25 394, cases=1265) and dispensed asthma medications at 7 years in the Norwegian Prescription Database (N=45 607, cases=1787)) within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We calculated adjusted RR (adj. RR) and 95% CIs using log binomial regression. RESULTS A total of 23.5% of mothers reported that their mother smoked when pregnant with them. The grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother was positively associated with asthma at 36 months (adj. RR 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.24)), asthma at 7 years (adj. RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.37)) and dispensed asthma medications at 7 years (adj. RR 1.15 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.26)). This positive association did not differ significantly by the mother's smoking status when pregnant with the child (p values for multiplicative interaction >0.1). CONCLUSIONS The grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother increased the risk of asthma in the grandchild independent of the mother's smoking status. However, given limited information on the grandmother's socioeconomic status, asthma status and other factors, unmeasured confounding may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Magnus
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Institute Management and Staff, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Karlstad
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Nafstad
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway Medical Faculty, Department of Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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