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Ellithorpe ME, Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Jordan A, Stevens R, Maloney E. Athletes Drink Gatorade: DMA Advertising Expenditures, Ad Recall, and Athletic Identity Influence Energy and Sports Drink Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3031-3039. [PMID: 36214773 PMCID: PMC10083192 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why sports and energy drinks remain increasingly popular among adolescents despite declines in other sugar sweetened beverages is critical. This study points to memory for advertising exposure and adolescent athletic identity as two aspects that together help to explain consumption. An online survey of U.S. adolescents aged 14-18 (n = 503) was combined with Nielsen data for television and social media advertising expenditures by sports and energy drink brands in participants' designated market areas (DMAs). Advertisement recall mediates the relationship between social media DMA expenditures and sports and energy drink consumption. Recall for television advertisements is related to consumption but is unrelated to television DMA expenditures. Athletic identity moderated the relationship between recall and consumption such that consumption increased as both recall and athletic identity increased, suggesting a role for motivated memory and motivated processing of ad messages based on athletic identity consistent with the limited capacity model of motivated media message processing. Based on these results, we conclude that effectiveness of expenditures in influencing behavior is dependent upon both ad recall and ad relevance, and that athletic identity is an important factor in ad effectiveness in the context of sports and energy drinks advertising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware
| | | | - Amy Jordan
- Department of Journalism and Media Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey
| | - Robin Stevens
- USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Erin Maloney
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware
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2
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Calderon SJ, Comnick CL, Villhauer A, Marshall T, Dahl JU, Banas JA, Drake DR. A Social Media Intervention for Promoting Oral Health Behaviors in Adolescents: A Non-Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial. ORAL (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:203-214. [PMID: 38162993 PMCID: PMC10757568 DOI: 10.3390/oral3020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Poor oral hygiene and excessive consumption of soda are among the main drivers of systemic health issues in adolescents in the United States. This non-randomized pilot clinical trial focused on the effects of a health text message system and smartphone-based intervention on adolescent tooth-brushing behavior and dietary choices, with a convenience sample of 94 participants aged 12 to 14 years old. A group of 75 participants agreed to use a tooth-brushing app and received a health text message; the other group of 15 agreed to use the tooth-brushing app, but did not receive a health text message. Saliva specimens were collected directly before and at the end of each experiment; changes in the salivary presence of cariogenic bacteria over the duration of the study were evaluated and compared with the demographics and behavioral variables. Within the text message group, 5% of participants increased the frequency of daily tooth brushing. Within the non-intervention group, 29% of participants increased the frequency of their daily tooth brushing. There were reductions in the total salivary bacteria and total streptococci in both groups (p < 0.001), but no change in the presence of cariogenic Mutans streptococci. Raising adolescents' consciousness of oral health behavior resulted in marginal to moderate improvements to oral hygiene and dietary choices, as well as reductions in total salivary bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana J. Calderon
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Carissa L. Comnick
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alissa Villhauer
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Teresa Marshall
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jan-Ulrik Dahl
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David R. Drake
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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3
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Maloney EK, Bleakley A, Stevens R, Ellithorpe M, Jordan A. Urban Youth Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Insights for Health Promotion Messaging. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2023; 82:324-335. [PMID: 37223247 PMCID: PMC10205042 DOI: 10.1177/00178969231157699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine urban adolescents' beliefs about sports and energy drinks to identify factors for health messaging to discourage youth consumption. Design Focus group study involving thirty-four adolescents in urban areas (12 female, 12 male, and 10 unreported sex; 19 Hispanic, 11 Non-Hispanic Black, 2 Asian, and 1 unknown race or ethnicity). Setting Four focus groups were conducted with adolescents in urban areas. Method Each on-time moderated group discussion was structured to generate an inventory of attitudinal, normative and efficacy beliefs associated with sports and energy drink consumption and reduction. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Attitudinal and normative beliefs were more positive towards sports drink consumption and energy drink reduction. Misperceptions about the need for sports drinks to avoid dehydration during physical activity were evident. Product accessibility and advertising pervasiveness were facilitators influencing consumption and barriers to reduction for both products. Conclusion Results highlight important differences in perceptions about sports and energy drinks that indicate the need for different approaches and messages for interventions designed to curb consumption of these products. Recommendations for message design are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Maloney
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Robin Stevens
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Ellithorpe
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences Department of Communication, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Amy Jordan
- School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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4
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Nikniaz Z, Tabrizi JS, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Hosseini M, Tahmasebi S, Nikniaz L. Community‐based interventions to reduce sugar intake in healthy populations: A systematic review. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Medicine Faculty Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Jafar S. Tabrizi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | | | - Sanaz Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics Tabriz Iran
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5
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A content analysis of sports and energy drink advertising. Appetite 2022; 174:106010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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An Investigation on Korean Adolescents' Dietary Consumption: Focused on Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Health, and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189773. [PMID: 34574695 PMCID: PMC8466886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of healthful dietary intake in adolescents is an important public health concern, as obesity is on the rise among adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake (breakfast, vegetables, milk, fruits, fast food, carbohydrate beverages, and caffeine beverages) and to examine the influences of physical and mental health on dietary intake. A nationally representative sample of 187,622 adolescents who attended middle and high schools and participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015, 2017, and 2019) was used. The results showed a decrease in breakfast, vegetable, milk, and fruit consumption and an increase in the obesity rate from 2015 to 2019. There was a significant association between dietary intake and gender, economic status, BMI, and academic achievement. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the consumption of breakfast, vegetables, milk, and fruit were associated with greater odds of having enough sleep. Fast food intake was shown to be a significant risk factor for depression with an odds ratio of 1.204 (95% CI = 1.169–1.239), and carbonated beverage consumption was shown to be a significant risk factor for stress with an odds ratio of 1.042 (95% CI = 1.030–1.054). These results provide fundamental data that can be used to develop an effective nutrition intervention program or nutrition policy for adolescents or school food service programs.
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McGurk MD, Cacal SL, Vu U, Sentell T, Beckelman T, Lee J, Yang A, Pirkle CM. Baseline Assessment of Children's Meals and Healthy Beverage Options Prior to a State-Level Healthy Default Beverage (HDB) Law. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2021; 1:63-73. [PMID: 37789908 PMCID: PMC10544922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In January 2020, Hawai'i became the second state with a healthy default beverage (HDB) law, requiring restaurants to offer HDBs with their children's meals. This observational study presents baseline characteristics of restaurants with a children's menu and meal. The study describes pre-law beverage options to inform future HDB policy language, implementation, and evaluation. Between November and December 2019, data were collected from a statewide sample of unique restaurants (N = 383) with health inspection permits. Restaurants were assessed separately for a children's menu and meal using website reviews, telephone calls, and in-person visits. Meals were evaluated for pre-law beverage type and compliance. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of having a children's menu and meal. Most of the restaurants were full-service (70.2%) and non-chains (67.9%). While 49.3% of restaurants had a children's menu, only 16.7% had a children's meal. Significant predictors of having a children's menu were being full-service, national/international or local chains, neighbor island (non-Honolulu) locations, and hotel locations. Only being a national/international chain significantly predicted having a children's meal. Although 35.9% of children's meals offered a non-sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) option, only 3.1% offered law-compliant beverages. Inclusion of an SSB default option (60.9%) and not specifying the type of default beverage were the predominant factors for pre-law non-compliance. Results support the need for HDB regulations, especially for national/international chains, which were most likely to have children's meals, and provide data to inform policies in other jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uyen Vu
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
| | | | | | - Jessica Lee
- Hawai‘i State Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
| | - Alyssa Yang
- Hawai‘i State Department of Health, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
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8
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Haque M, Akter F. Smash of diabetes mellitus on smile. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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Cantoral A, Muñoz-Rocha TV, Luna-Villa L, Mantilla-Rodriguez A, Ureña-Cirett JL, Castiblanco GA, Solano M, Howard HH, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martínez-Mier EA. Association of Dietary Fluoride Intake and Diet Variables with Dental Caries in Adolescents from the ELEMENT Cohort Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:88-98. [PMID: 33535210 PMCID: PMC9944613 DOI: 10.1159/000511699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the association of dietary fluoride intake, total carbohydrate consumption and other key dietary variables with dental caries experience among adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a sample of 402 participants from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. The presence and severity of dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) to calculate the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (D1MFT/D4MFT). The dietary intake of fluoride, energy, carbohydrates, and food groups was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and negative binomial regression models were run to estimate the association of fluoride intake (mg/day) and total carbohydrate intake (g/day) with the D1MFT/D4MFT index. We found that 80% of the adolescents experienced dental caries (D1MFT >0), with 30% presenting cavitated lesions (D4MFT >0). The mean scores for D1MFT and D4MFT were 6.2 (SD 5.3) and 0.67 (SD 1.3), respectively. The median intake of fluoride estimated by the FFQ was 0.015 mg/kg/day. This intake was statistically higher in participants with a D4MFT = 0 compared to those with a D4MFT >0 (0.90 vs. 0.82 mg/day; 0.016 vs. 0.014 mg/kg/day; p < 0.05). For D1MFT, D1MFS, D4MFT, and D4MFS scores, a higher fluoride consumption (mg/day) from foods and beverages was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of lesions. The reported frequency of consumption of sugary foods in a whole day was statistically higher in those with D1MFT >0 than in those with D1MFT = 0 (p < 0.05). The total carbohydrate intake (g/day) was positively associated with dental caries experience. We conclude that a higher fluoride intake through foods and beverages is associated with a lower dental caries experience among adolescents; this effect was seen even when the dietary intake of fluoride was 0.015 mg/kg/day, which is lower than the average intake recommendation. In contrast, a higher total carbohydrate intake and the frequency of intake of sugary foods were associated with a higher dental caries experience, with no apparent threshold for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Teresa V. Muñoz-Rocha
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lynda Luna-Villa
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andres Mantilla-Rodriguez
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Gina A. Castiblanco
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Hu H Howard
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA,School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza A. Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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10
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Martin M, Pugach O, Avenetti D, Lee H, Salazar S, Rosales G, Songthangtham N. Oral Health Behaviors in Very Young Children in Low-Income Urban Areas in Chicago, Illinois, 2018-2019. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E152. [PMID: 33274700 PMCID: PMC7735487 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because most data on oral health do not include infants and toddlers, we aimed to describe the oral health behaviors of low-income children younger than 3 years and determine factors associated with child tooth brushing. Methods We obtained data from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago study, which included 420 families with children aged 6 to 36 months and their caregivers in Cook County, Illinois. We assessed child frequency of brushing from caregiver reports and objectively determined child dental plaque scores. Significant factors associated with tooth brushing frequency and dental plaque score were identified using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator variable selection. Results Mean child age was 21.5 (SD, 6.9) months, and only 45% of caregivers brushed their children’s teeth twice per day or more. The mean plaque score was 1.9 (SD, 0.6), indicating high levels of plaque. Child brushing frequency was higher when children were older; used the correct toothpaste amount; brushed for a longer duration; and when caregivers brushed their own teeth more frequently, had more help with the overall care of the child’s teeth, and had family to help. Child brushing frequency was lower for caregivers with more interference from activities of daily life. Children whose caregivers had more adult help with child brushing had better plaque scores; worse plaque scores were seen in children with higher sugary beverage and food consumption and lower household incomes. Conclusion The tooth brushing behaviors of young children are strongly associated with those of their parents and with the level of family support for brushing. Interventions to improve brushing in young children should focus on the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Martin
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood St, M/C 856, Chicago, IL 60612.
| | - Oksana Pugach
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Avenetti
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,College of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Helen Lee
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shojanny Salazar
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Genesis Rosales
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nattanit Songthangtham
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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11
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Urwannachotima N, Hanvoravongchai P, Ansah JP, Prasertsom P, Koh VRY. Impact of sugar-sweetened beverage tax on dental caries: a simulation analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:76. [PMID: 32183817 PMCID: PMC7079374 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tiered sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax was implemented in Thailand to encourage industries to reduce sugar content in beverages, and consequently reduce sugar consumption in the population. The aim of the study is to explore the expected impact of the new SSB tax policy in Thailand, a middle-income country in Asia, and other alternative policies on oral health outcomes as measured by the prevalence and severity of dental caries among the Thai population. Methods A qualitative system dynamics model that captures the complex interrelationships among SSB tax, sugar consumption and dental caries, was elicited through participatory stakeholder engagement. Based on the qualitative model, a quantitative system dynamics model was developed to simulate the SSB tax policy and other alternative scenarios in order to evaluate their impact on dental caries among Thai adults from 2010 to 2040. Results Under the base-case scenario, the dental caries prevalence among the Thai population 15 years and older, is projected to increase from 61.3% in 2010 to 74.9% by 2040. Implementation of SSB tax policy is expected to decrease the prevalence of dental caries by only 1% by 2040, whereas the aggressive policy is projected to decrease prevalence of dental caries by 21% by 2040. Conclusions In countries where a majority of the sugar consumed is from non-tax sugary food and beverages, especially Asian countries where street food culture is ubiquitous and contributes disproportionately to sugar intake, SSB tax alone is unlikely to have meaningful impact on oral health unless it is accompanied with a comprehensive public health policy that aims to reduce total sugar intake from non-SSB sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Urwannachotima
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Piya Hanvoravongchai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Pastor Ansah
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Piyada Prasertsom
- Bureau of Dental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Victoria Rui Ying Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, Singapore
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Wright CD, Tiani AG, Billingsley AL, Steinman SA, Larkin KT, McNeil DW. A Framework for Understanding the Role of Psychological Processes in Disease Development, Maintenance, and Treatment: The 3P-Disease Model. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2498. [PMID: 31824367 PMCID: PMC6879427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health psychology is multidisciplinary, with researchers, practitioners, and policy makers finding themselves needing at least some level of competency in a variety of areas from psychology to physiology, public health, and others. Given this multidisciplinary ontology, prior attempts have been made to establish a framework for understanding the role of biological, psychological, and socio-environmental constructs in disease development, maintenance, and treatment. Other models, however, do not explain how factors may interact and develop over time. The aim here was to apply and adapt the 3P model, originally developed and used in the treatment of insomnia, to couch the biopsychosocial model in a way that explains how diseases develop, are maintained, and can be treated. This paper outlines the role of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors in disease states and conditions (the 3Ps) and provides examples of how this model may be adapted and applied to a number of health-related diseases or disorders including chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders, oral disease, and heart disease. The 3P framework can aid in facilitating a multidisciplinary, theoretical approach and way of conceptualizing the study and treatment of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Wright
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alaina G. Tiani
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Amber L. Billingsley
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Shari A. Steinman
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kevin T. Larkin
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Daniel W. McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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13
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Smits KPJ, Listl S, Jevdjevic M. Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 48:7-13. [PMID: 31571246 PMCID: PMC6972589 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives People following a vegetarian diet could be more prone to oral health problems than people following a nonvegetarian diet. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible impacts of following a vegetarian diet on dental hard tissues, focusing on caries development, dental erosion and number of natural teeth. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched systematically up until 17 April 2019. Original studies comparing dental health (exclusively focusing on dental hard tissues) in vegetarians and nonvegetarians were selected. Study characteristics and outcome data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. When a dental health characteristic was reported in three or more papers in a comparable way, a meta‐analysis was performed. Results Twenty‐one papers reporting on 18 studies were included in this review. In meta‐analyses, the vegetarian diet was associated with a higher risk for dental erosion (odds ratio: 2.40 [95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.66]; P = .009) and a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (mean difference: −0.15 [95% confidence interval: −0.29, −0.02]; P = .023), although the quality of most included studies was poor and the findings for DMFT score became insignificant when only studies on adults were included in the meta‐analysis. A meta‐analysis for the other dental characteristics was not possible due to the limited number of eligible studies. There was inconsistent evidence for a link between following a vegetarian diet and dental caries or the number of natural teeth. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that following a vegetarian diet may be associated with a greater risk of dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten P J Smits
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Listl
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Section for Translational Health Economics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milica Jevdjevic
- Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cawley J, Thow AM, Wen K, Frisvold D. The Economics of Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Review of the Effects on Prices, Sales, Cross-Border Shopping, and Consumption. Annu Rev Nutr 2019; 39:317-338. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, dozens of countries, regions, and cities have enacted taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). They have been primarily motivated by a desire to raise prices, reduce sales and consumption, improve population health, and raise revenue. This review outlines the economic rationale for SSB taxes and illustrates their predicted effects. It reviews the research on the effects of these taxes on retail prices, sales, cross-border shopping, consumption, and product availability. The evidence indicates that the amount by which taxes increase retail prices (also called the pass-through of the tax) varies by jurisdiction, ranging from less than 50% to 100% of the tax. Sales tend to decrease significantly in the taxing jurisdiction, although this seems to be partly offset by residents increasingly shopping outside of the taxing jurisdiction (i.e., engaging in cross-border shopping).Overall, taxes lower consumption of the taxed beverages by adults, although not for all types of beverages or all groups of consumers. We conclude with suggestions for improving the design of such taxes and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cawley
- Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;,
- Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Anne Marie Thow
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Katherine Wen
- Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;,
| | - David Frisvold
- Department of Economics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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15
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Singh GM. Soda Consumption Among Adolescents: Implications for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Am J Public Health 2019; 107:1025-1027. [PMID: 28590863 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali M Singh
- Gitanjali M. Singh is with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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16
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Te V, Ford P, Schubert L. Exploring social media campaigns against sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: A systematic search. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1607432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vannarath Te
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland
| | - Pauline Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland
| | - Lisa Schubert
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland
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17
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Wu Y, Jansen EC, Peterson KE, Foxman B, Goodrich JM, Hu H, Solano-González M, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Martinez-Mier EA. The associations between lead exposure at multiple sensitive life periods and dental caries risks in permanent teeth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1048-1055. [PMID: 30841379 PMCID: PMC6407640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is an important public health problem in Mexico, a country also faced with high exposure to toxicants including lead (Pb). METHODS Participants were 386 children living in Mexico City. Prenatal (trimester 1-3), early-childhood (12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age) and peri-pubertal (10-18 years of age) blood Pb levels were quantified using graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Maternal patella and tibia bone Pb at 1 month postpartum were quantified with K X-ray fluorescence instrument. Dental caries presence was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Peri-pubertal sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was estimated using a 116-item, interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total energy adjusted daily SSB intake was generated using the residual approach. Zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between Pb with D1MFT and D4MFT at adolescence. RESULTS Maternal second and third trimester and cumulative early childhood Pb exposure were positively associated with peri-pubertal D1MFT scores in unadjusted ZINB models (2nd trimester: RR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.37); 3rd trimester: RR = 1.20 (1.03, 1.40); early childhood: RR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.48)). These effect sizes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. When stratified by high/low SSB intake, a one unit increase of log-transformed 2nd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.41 times (1.06, 1.86) higher D1MFT count, and 3rd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.50 times (1.18, 1.90) higher D1MFT count among those with higher than median peri-pubertal SSB. Associations among those with lower SSB intake were roughly half those of the higher group and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Pb exposure during sensitive developmental periods was not statistically significantly associated with caries risk after accounting for confounders among our cohort. However, evidence from stratified analysis suggested a Pb-caries association among children with high SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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18
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Curtis AM, VanBuren J, Cavanaugh JE, Warren JJ, Marshall TA, Levy SM. Longitudinal associations between dental caries increment and risk factors in late childhood and adolescence. J Public Health Dent 2018; 78:321-328. [PMID: 29752831 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess longitudinal associations between permanent tooth caries increment and both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, using best subsets model selection. METHODS The Iowa Fluoride Study has followed a birth cohort with standardized caries exams without radiographs of the permanent dentition conducted at about ages 9, 13, and 17 years. Questionnaires were sent semi-annually to assess fluoride exposures and intakes, select food and beverage intakes, and tooth brushing frequency. Exposure variables were averaged over ages 7-9, 11-13, and 15-17, reflecting exposure 2 years prior to the caries exam. Longitudinal models were used to relate period-specific averaged exposures and demographic variables to adjusted decayed and filled surface increments (ADJCI) (n = 392). The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to assess optimal explanatory variable combinations. RESULTS From birth to age 9, 9-13, and 13-17 years, 24, 30, and 55 percent of subjects had positive permanent ADJCI, respectively. Ten models had AIC values within two units of the lowest AIC model and were deemed optimal based on AIC. Younger age, being male, higher mother's education, and higher brushing frequency were associated with lower caries increment in all 10 models, while milk intake was included in 3 of 10 models. Higher milk intakes were slightly associated with lower ADJCI. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of brushing frequency, modifiable risk factors under study were not significantly associated with ADJCI. When possible, researchers should consider presenting multiple models if fit criteria cannot discern among a group of optimal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Curtis
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John VanBuren
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John J Warren
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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19
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Mela DJ, Woolner EM. Perspective: Total, Added, or Free? What Kind of Sugars Should We Be Talking About? Adv Nutr 2018; 9:63-69. [PMID: 29659689 PMCID: PMC5916432 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is consistent public guidance to limit sugars intakes. However, WHO recommendations are for "free" sugars, whereas some other guidance documents and public discussion focus on "added" sugars, and globally most food labeling states "total" sugars. Total sugars comprise all mono- and disaccharides, regardless of source, whereas both added and free sugars exclude the sugars that naturally occur in dairy products and intact fruit and vegetables. Definitions of added and free sugars differ mainly in their respective exclusion or inclusion of sugars in juiced or pureed fruit and vegetables. To date, there has been little evidence-based analysis of the scientific basis for these different sugar classifications or implications of their adoption for consumer communication and nutrition labeling. Evidence of discriminating relations of total compared with added or free sugars with weight gain or energy intake, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries was identified from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The relations were weakest for total sugars and most consistent for dietary sources corresponding to free sugars (including sugars added to and in fruit juices). Consideration of these health outcomes suggests that the emphasis for intake monitoring, public health guidance, and consumer communication should be on free sugars. However, at present, the adoption of free sugars for these purposes would also carry challenges related to implementation, including consumer understanding, consensus on specifications, and current (labeling) regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Mela
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands,Address correspondence to DJM (e-mail: )
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20
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The impact of price and nutrition labelling on sugary drink purchases: Results from an experimental marketplace study. Appetite 2018; 121:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Wiener RC, Shen C, Findley PA, Sambamoorthi U, Tan X. The association between diabetes mellitus, sugar-sweetened beverages, and tooth loss in adults: Evidence from 18 states. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148:500-509.e4. [PMID: 28483048 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are dietary sources of sugar that are factors in caries development and tooth loss. Dietary sugar also is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM). There is limited research related to SSBs and tooth loss in people with DM. The authors investigated the association between SSBs and tooth loss as it related to the presence or absence of DM. METHODS The authors used a cross-sectional design with data reported by adults (18 years and older) who responded to the 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire, which was used in 18 states (N = 95,897; 14,043 who had DM and 81,854 who did not have DM). The authors conducted χ2 and logistic regression analyses to determine associations related to DM status. RESULTS Overall, 12.3% of the survey respondents had DM, 15.5% had 6 or more teeth extracted, and 22.6% reported that they consumed 1 or more SSB daily. In the adjusted analyses, among adults who had DM, those who consumed at least 2 SSBs daily were more likely to have had 6 or more teeth extracted than those who reported that they did not consume SSBs (adjusted odds ratio, 2.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 4.01; P = .0018). Among adults who did not have DM, those who consumed more than 1 but fewer than 2 SSBs per day were more likely to have had at least 6 teeth extracted (adjusted odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.77; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The authors found that, among adults with DM, consuming 2 or more SSBs per day was associated with having had 6 or more teeth extracted. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Dietary sugar is a concern for oral and systemic health; however, a strong, independent relationship between the number of teeth extracted and a single source of dietary sugar is not adequate to explain the complexity of tooth loss. Clinicians should use broadly worded dietary messages when discussing caries assessment with patients.
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22
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Chi DL. Parent Refusal of Topical Fluoride for Their Children: Clinical Strategies and Future Research Priorities to Improve Evidence-Based Pediatric Dental Practice. Dent Clin North Am 2017; 61:607-617. [PMID: 28577640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of parents are refusing topical fluoride for their children during preventive dental and medical visits. This nascent clinical and public health problem warrants attention from dental professionals and the scientific community. Clinical and community-based strategies are available to improve fluoride-related communications with parents and the public. In terms of future research priorities, there is a need to develop screening tools to identify parents who are likely to refuse topical fluoride and diagnostic instruments to uncover the reasons for topical fluoride refusal. This knowledge will lead to evidence-based strategies that can be widely disseminated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Box 357475, B509 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, USA.
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23
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Kim S, Park S, Lin M. Permanent tooth loss and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in U.S. young adults. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77:148-154. [PMID: 27886383 PMCID: PMC6322216 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In young adults, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with dental caries, which in turn is a major contributor to tooth loss. The independent role of SSB intake on tooth loss, however, has not been well-described. This cross-sectional study examined associations between tooth loss and SSB intake among U.S. young adults. METHODS The outcome was number of permanent teeth lost because of dental caries or periodontal disease (0, 1-5, ≥6 teeth). Data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. The 22,526 adults aged 18-39 years completed the Sugar Drink Module. The exposure variable was daily frequency of SSB intake. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the adjusted associations between tooth loss and daily SSB consumption (0, >0 to <1, 1-2, >2 times/day). RESULTS Approximately, 26% of young adults reported losing at least one permanent tooth. Tooth loss was positively associated with SSB intake frequency; the odds of losing 1-5 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs >0-<1 times/day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.16-1.79), 1-2 times/day (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.25-1.99), and >2 times/day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.51-2.58) than non-SSB consumers. The odds of losing ≥6 teeth were higher among adults drinking SSBs 1-2 times/day (OR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.15-4.22) and >2 times/day (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.37-5.76) than non-SSB consumers. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of SSB consumption was positively associated with tooth loss among young adults even when the average SSB intake was less than one time per day. This study suggests that efforts to reduce SSB intake among young adults may help to decrease the risk of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Mei Lin
- Division of Oral Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Mazarello Paes V, Hesketh K, O'Malley C, Moore H, Summerbell C, Griffin S, van Sluijs EMF, Ong KK, Lakshman R. Determinants of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young children: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2015; 16:903-13. [PMID: 26252417 PMCID: PMC4737242 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes. Improved understanding of the determinants will inform effective interventions to reduce SSB consumption. A total of 46,876 papers were identified through searching eight electronic databases. Evidence from intervention (n = 13), prospective (n = 6) and cross-sectional (n = 25) studies on correlates/determinants of SSB consumption was quality assessed and synthesized. Twelve correlates/determinants were associated with higher SSB consumption (child's preference for SSBs, TV viewing/screen time and snack consumption; parents' lower socioeconomic status, lower age, SSB consumption, formula milk feeding, early introduction of solids, using food as rewards, parental-perceived barriers, attending out-of-home care and living near a fast food/convenience store). Five correlates/determinants were associated with lower SSB consumption (parental positive modelling, parents' married/co-habiting, school nutrition policy, staff skills and supermarket nearby). There was equivocal evidence for child's age and knowledge, parental knowledge, skills, rules/restrictions and home SSB availability. Eight intervention studies targeted multi-level (child, parents, childcare/preschool setting) determinants; four were effective. Four intervention studies targeted parental determinants; two were effective. One (effective) intervention targeted the preschool environment. There is consistent evidence to support potentially modifiable correlates/determinants of SSB consumption in young children acting at parental (modelling), child (TV viewing) and environmental (school policy) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mazarello Paes
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Hesketh
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C O'Malley
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK
| | - H Moore
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK
| | - C Summerbell
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queens Campus, Stockton-On-Tees, UK
| | - S Griffin
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Lakshman
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Mazarello Paes V, Ong KK, Lakshman R. Factors influencing obesogenic dietary intake in young children (0-6 years): systematic review of qualitative evidence. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007396. [PMID: 26377503 PMCID: PMC4577937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesogenic dietary intake is prevalent in young children and is associated with obesity and other adverse health outcomes in childhood and later in life. OBJECTIVE To describe the barriers to and facilitators of obesogenic dietary intake in early childhood, in order to inform interventions and public health policies to prevent obesity. DESIGN Systematic review of qualitative literature on factors influencing obesogenic diets in children aged 0-6 years. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, British Nursing Index, ASSIA and Sociological Abstracts. REVIEW METHODS Qualitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were synthesised. Data were analysed by creating a thematic framework, underpinned by the socioecological model, which included familiarisation of data across the studies, indexing, charting, mapping and interpretation. RESULTS 20 studies from the USA (10), Europe (6) and Australia (4) included the views of 1067 participants (901 parents/caregivers, 37 children, 87 teachers, 15 dieticians and 27 nursery staff). Study designs included focus groups (n=16), individual interviews (n=6) and ethnography (n=1) with some studies using more than one design. Despite wide differences in the study context and focus, several consistent themes emerged. Parental factors increasing young children's obesogenic diets were: negative parent/family/peer modelling, lack of knowledge, time constraints, using food as reward, affordability and concerns about child's health. Child preferences also increased intake. Environmental factors increasing intake include: availability, advertising, societal, cultural and preschool/childcare influences. CONCLUSIONS Future intervention strategies should aim to promote modelling of positive behaviours, create home and preschool environments that promote healthy diets, and simultaneously target factors at the family and preschool/childcare levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This review is one of a series of systematic reviews on the determinants of obesogenic behaviours in young children, registered with the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42012002881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Mazarello Paes
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajalakshmi Lakshman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Kumar JV, Tavares V, Kandhari P, Moss M, Jolaoso IA. Changes in Caries Experience, Untreated Caries, Sealant Prevalence, and Preventive Behavior Among Third-Graders in New York State, 2002-2004 and 2009-2012. Public Health Rep 2015; 130:355-61. [PMID: 26346760 DOI: 10.1177/003335491513000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed changes in caries experience, untreated caries, sealant prevalence, and preventive behavior among third-grade children in New York State to monitor progress toward state health objectives. METHODS We analyzed children's data from the 2002-2004 (n=10,865) and 2009-2012 (n=6,758) New York State Oral Health Survey. We calculated differences in weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals for caries experience, untreated caries, sealant prevalence, and preventive behavior. We used logistic regression procedures to assess the independent effects and interaction terms on dental caries experience. RESULTS The percentage of children with dental caries and untreated caries decreased from 54.1% and 33.0% in 2002-2004 to 45.2% and 23.6% in 2009-2012, respectively. While this decrease was not uniform across income subgroups, the prevalence of sealants, a key measure of the use of preventive services, increased significantly from 16.7% to 36.0% among lower-income children. CONCLUSIONS Measurable improvement in reducing dental caries prevalence among third-grade children has been made in New York State, but this improvement was not uniform across subgroups. Specifically, disease prevalence among lower-income children remained high, underscoring the need to strengthen existing programs and identify additional policy and programmatic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth V Kumar
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Dental Health, Albany, NY ; University at Albany, School of Public Health, Albany, NY
| | | | - Priyanka Kandhari
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Dental Health, Albany, NY
| | - Mark Moss
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Dental Health, Albany, NY
| | - I Adeyemi Jolaoso
- Berkshire Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Pittsfield, MA ; Department of Dentistry, Community Health Programs, Great Barrington, MA
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27
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Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P, Lim S, Andrews KG, Engell RE, Ezzati M, Mozaffarian D. Global, Regional, and National Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Milk: A Systematic Assessment of Beverage Intake in 187 Countries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124845. [PMID: 26244332 PMCID: PMC4526649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. OBJECTIVE To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. METHODS We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. RESULTS In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali M. Singh
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Health Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Health Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shahab Khatibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Peilin Shi
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Health Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lim
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn G. Andrews
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca E. Engell
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Global Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Health Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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28
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Collins B, Capewell S, O'Flaherty M, Timpson H, Razzaq A, Cheater S, Ireland R, Bromley H. Modelling the Health Impact of an English Sugary Drinks Duty at National and Local Levels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130770. [PMID: 26121677 PMCID: PMC4486083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence associates excess refined sugar intakes with obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Worryingly, the estimated volume of sugary drinks purchased in the UK has more than doubled between 1975 and 2007, from 510 ml to 1140 ml per person per week. We aimed to estimate the potential impact of a duty on sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) at a local level in England, hypothesising that a duty could reduce obesity and related diseases. METHODS AND FINDINGS We modelled the potential impact of a 20% sugary drinks duty on local authorities in England between 2010 and 2030. We synthesised data obtained from the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), drinks manufacturers, Office for National Statistics, and from previous studies. This produced a modelled population of 41 million adults in 326 lower tier local authorities in England. This analysis suggests that a 20% SSB duty could result in approximately 2,400 fewer diabetes cases, 1,700 fewer stroke and coronary heart disease cases, 400 fewer cancer cases, and gain some 41,000 Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) per year across England. The duty might have the biggest impact in urban areas with young populations. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting health benefits for a duty on sugary drinks. It might also usefully provide results at an area level to inform local price interventions in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Collins
- University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Capewell
- Division of Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Division of Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Timpson
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Helen Bromley
- Division of Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Park S, Lin M, Onufrak S, Li R. Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake during Infancy with Dental Caries in 6-year-olds. Clin Nutr Res 2015; 4:9-17. [PMID: 25713788 PMCID: PMC4337927 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake during infancy is associated with dental caries by age 6, a longitudinal analysis of 1,274 U.S. children was conducted using data from the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II and the 2012 Follow-up Study at 6 years of age. The exposure variables were maternal-reported SSB intakes during infancy (i.e., any SSB intake during infancy, age at SSB introduction during infancy, and average frequency of SSB intake during 10-12 months of age). The outcome variable was maternal-reported dental caries of their 6-year-old in his/her lifetime. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for associations of SSB intake during infancy with having dental caries among 6-year-olds after controlling for baseline characteristics of children and mothers and child's tooth brushing habits and sweet food intake at follow-up. Based on maternal recall, almost 40% of 6-year-olds had dental caries in their lifetime. Adjusted odds of having dental caries was significantly associated with higher frequency of SSB intake during 10-12 months (aOR=1.83 for ≥3 times/week, vs. none). Any SSB intake during infancy and age at SSB introduction during infancy were not associated with dental caries. In conclusion, frequent SSB intake during 10-12 months of age significantly increased the likelihood of having dental caries among 6-year-olds. Late infancy may be an important time for mothers to establish healthy beverage practices for their children. These findings can be used to inform efforts to reduce dental caries among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Mei Lin
- Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Stephen Onufrak
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Ruowei Li
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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