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Soltani S, Sangsefidi ZS, Asoudeh F, Torabynasab K, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Hejazi M, Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Meshkini F, Razmpoosh E, Abdollahi S. Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae069. [PMID: 38899499 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current evidence on the effect of a low-fat (LF) diet on depression scores has been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of an LF diet on depression scores of adults by systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES The PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to June 7, 2023, to identify trials investigating the effect of an LF diet (fat intake ≤30% of energy intake) on the depression score. DATA EXTRACTION Random-effects meta-analyses were used to estimate pooled summary effects of an LF diet on the depression score (as Hedges g). DATA ANALYSIS Finding from 10 trials with 50 846 participants indicated no significant change in depression score following LF diets in comparison with usual diet (Hedges g = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.03; P = 0.12; I2 = 70.7% [for I2, 95% CI, 44%, 85%]). However, a significant improvement was observed in both usual diet and LF diets when the content of protein was 15-20% of calorie intake (LF, normal protein diet: n = 5, Hedges g = -0.21, 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.01, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%; usual, normal protein diet: n = 3, Hedges g = -0.28, 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.05, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis also found the depression score improved following LF diet intervention in participants without baseline depression. CONCLUSION This study revealed that LF diet may have small beneficial effect on depression score in the studies enrolled mentally healthy participants. Moreover, achieving to adequate dietary protein is likely to be a better intervention than manipulating dietary fat to improve depression scores. However, it is not clear whether this effect will last in the long term. Conducting more studies may change the results due to the low-certainty of evidence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42023420978 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soltani
- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Asoudeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Disease, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kimia Torabynasab
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elham Razmpoosh
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Sun M, Chen Z. Unveiling the Complex Role of Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3921-3948. [PMID: 38911990 PMCID: PMC11193473 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s466821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative illness, characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases. AD is characterized by senile plaques made up of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein linked with microtubules, and neuronal loss. Currently, therapeutic treatments and nanotechnological developments are effective in treating the symptoms of AD, but a cure for the illness has not yet been found. Recently, the increased study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to a growing awareness of their significant involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that transport various components including messenger RNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNA, and other bioactive compounds from one cell to another, facilitating information transmission and material movement. There is growing evidence indicating that exosomes have complex functions in AD. Exosomes may have a dual role in Alzheimer's disease by contributing to neuronal death and also helping to alleviate the pathological progression of the disease. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to outline the updated understandings on exosomes biogenesis and many functions of exosomes in the generation, conveyance, distribution, and elimination of hazardous proteins related to Alzheimer's disease. This review is intended to provide novel insights for understanding the development, specific treatment, and early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People’s Republic of China
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Richter AL, Diepeveen-de Bruin M, Balvers MG, de Groot LC, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Witkamp RF, Vermeiren Y. Association between Low Vitamin D Status, Serotonin, and Clinico-Biobehavioral Parameters in Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2023; 52:318-326. [PMID: 37806302 PMCID: PMC10911141 DOI: 10.1159/000534492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest a role of vitamin D in the progression and symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with few in vitro studies pointing to effects on serotonergic and amyloidogenic turnover. However, limited data exist in AD patients on the potential association with cognition and behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we, therefore, explored potential correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations, indicative of vitamin D status, with serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels, cognitive/BPSD scorings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. METHODS Frozen serum samples of 25 well-characterized AD subjects as part of a previous BPSD cohort were analyzed, of which 15 had a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were analyzed by means of LC-MS/MS, whereas 5-HT concentrations were quantified by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Among AD patients, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent, defined as levels below 50 nmol/L. Regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and psychotropic medications, revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 and 5-HT levels were positively associated (p = 0.012). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations correlated inversely with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) levels (p = 0.006), and serum 5-HT levels correlated positively with aggressiveness (p = 0.001), frontal behavior (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.004), and partly with cognitive performance (p < 0.005). Lastly, AD patients on cholinesterase inhibitors had higher serum 25(OH)D3 (p = 0.030) and lower serum 5-HT (p = 0.012) levels. CONCLUSIONS The molecular associations between low vitamin D status, serum 5-HT, and CSF Aβ1-42 levels are highly remarkable, warranting further mechanistic and intervention studies to disclose potential involvement in the clinico-biobehavioral pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Richter
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Diepeveen-de Bruin
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G.J. Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Middelheim General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gao D, Hao JP, Li BY, Zheng CC, Miao BB, Zhang L, Li YL, Li L, Li XJ, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside ameliorates neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease via cGAS-STING. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175809. [PMID: 37328043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as senile dementia, is the most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Neuroinflammation is currently believed to be a crucial factor in the progression of AD, while its exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that AD transgenic mice exhibited cognitive deficits accompanied by the elevated serum and brain inflammation. Treating with a natural active ingredient tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) from the Chinese herb Polygonum multiflorum that has been well known for its unique anti-aging effect, learning-memory ability of AD mice was distinctly improved. Meanwhile, it was observed that the expressions of serum inflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were suppressed after TSG treatment, which was probably attributable to the decrease of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) triggered immune response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, cell culture experiments employing LPS combined with IFN-γ induced microglia activation showed that TSG reversed the polarization status of M1-type microglia to restore the quiescence, and cGAS-STING elevation was observed in the activated microglia and normalized by TSG incubation. In addition, TSG suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-β, as well as the expression of IFN regulatory proteins such as IFIT1 and IRF7 in the LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated inflammatory response in BV2 cell. Finally, it was also verified that TSG are, in part, through a cGAS-STING dependent pathway and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation to inhibit neuroinflammation through interfering with cGAS-STING inhibitors. Taken together, our findings highlight the health benefits of TSG and its potential application in preventing cognitive disorders by inhibiting neuroinflammation through cGAS-STING signaling pathway in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jin-Ping Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bo-Ya Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ceng-Ceng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Bei-Bei Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xing-Jie Li
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Liu CC, Wang QH, Xin JY, Liu YH, Zeng F, Chen DW, Li HY, Yi X, Zeng GH, Wang YJ, Xiang Y, Chen Y. Association of Adipokines with Alzheimer's Disease in a Chinese Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:523-533. [PMID: 37807776 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between plasma adipose factor levels and Alzheimer's patients is not entirely clear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations between AD and plasma levels of three adipokines including plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. METHODS A single-center, cross-sectional study recruited AD patients (n = 148) and cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 110). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associations of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin with the presence of AD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the diagnostic power of adiponectin, leptin and resistin for AD. RESULTS After adjusted for the conventional risk factors, plasma levels of leptin (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.272-0.638, p < 0.0001) and adiponectin (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 1.151-1.354, p < 0.0001) were associated with the presence of AD. In total participants, the plasma adiponectin level was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001) and was positively with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001). The plasma level of leptin was negatively correlated with CDR scores (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with MMSE scores (p < 0.0001). Both adiponectin (p < 0. 0001) and leptin (p < 0. 0001) featured higher AUC than the random chance. CONCLUSIONS Plasma adiponectin and leptin were associated with the presence, symptomatic severity, and diagnostic power of AD, suggesting a potential role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yan Xin
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
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de Souza MM, Cenci AR, Teixeira KF, Machado V, Mendes Schuler MCG, Gonçalves AE, Paula Dalmagro A, André Cazarin C, Gomes Ferreira LL, de Oliveira AS, Andricopulo AD. DYRK1A Inhibitors and Perspectives for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:669-688. [PMID: 35726411 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220620162018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia, especially in the elderly. Due to the increase in life expectancy, in recent years, there has been an excessive growth in the number of people affected by this disease, causing serious problems for health systems. In recent years, research has been intensified to find new therapeutic approaches that prevent the progression of the disease. In this sense, recent studies indicate that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, which is located on chromosome 21q22.2 and overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), may play a significant role in developmental brain disorders and early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss and dementia in DS and AD. Inhibiting DYRK1A may serve to stop the phenotypic effects of its overexpression and, therefore, is a potential treatment strategy for the prevention of ageassociated neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer-type pathology. OBJECTIVE In this review, we investigate the contribution of DYRK1A inhibitors as potential anti-AD agents. METHODS A search in the literature to compile an in vitro dataset including IC50 values involving DYRK1A was performed from 2014 to the present day. In addition, we carried out structure-activity relationship studies based on in vitro and in silico data. RESULTS molecular modeling and enzyme kinetics studies indicate that DYRK1A may contribute to AD pathology through its proteolytic process, reducing its kinase specificity. CONCLUSION further evaluation of DYRK1A inhibitors may contribute to new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Maria de Souza
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ribeiro Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Kerolain Faoro Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Valkiria Machado
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, R. João Pessoa, 2750 - Velha, 89036-002, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Elisa Gonçalves
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Camila André Cazarin
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458 F6 lab 206 Campus I, Centro, Itajai, SC, 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Center for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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R. R, Uthaiah CA, C. M. R, Madhunapantula SV, Salimath PV, K. P, M. SK, M. R. K. Comparative assessment of cognitive impairment and oxidative stress markers among vitamin D insufficient elderly patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269394. [PMID: 35709193 PMCID: PMC9202850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders of mental health are known to affect cognitive functions, hence called as cognitive disorders. Impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, vitamin-D deficiency and oxidative stress are some of the key early events reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of most common cognitive disorders, which include Alzheimer's disease. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the known contributing factors of cognitive impairment and dementia. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in 145 subjects, who were assessed for cognitive function by modified mini mental status examination (3MS). In addition, measurement of fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, vitamin D and oxidative markers was performed. Participants were divided into different groups based on (a) vitamin D insufficiency and sufficiency; (b) diabetic and non-diabetic with and without cognitive impairment. RESULTS The study included a total of 145 subjects; 51 males and 94 females and the mean age was 68.24±9.70 years. Among diabetics with vitamin D insufficiency, 35 subjects (71.43%) had cognitive impairment, but, among non-diabetics with vitamin D insufficiency, 27 subjects (62.79%) had cognitive impairment. Chi square test showed no significant association between diabetes, vitamin D insufficiency and cognitive impairment. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were non-significantly lower in cognition-impaired subjects, when compared to cognition normal subjects in diabetics with vitamin D insufficiency. CONCLUSION Our study showed that cognitive impairment is more predominant in individuals with diabetes. However, our study did not find any significant relationship between T2DM, vitamin D deficiency, cognitive impairment, and oxidative stress. A significant association was found only with GPx and 3MSE score in vitamin D insufficient non-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi R.
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinnappa A. Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya C. M.
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Paramahans V. Salimath
- JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen K.
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath K. M.
- Department of Medicine, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishor M. R.
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Adenosine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Fine Regulators of Neurotransmission and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031219. [PMID: 35163142 PMCID: PMC8835915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine exerts an important role in the modulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Through the interaction with four G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, adenosine subtly regulates neurotransmission, interfering with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid systems. The inhibitory and facilitating actions of adenosine on neurotransmission are mainly mediated by A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (ARs), respectively. Given their role in the CNS, ARs are promising therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders where altered neurotransmission represents the most likely etiological hypothesis. Activating or blocking ARs with specific pharmacological agents could therefore restore the balance of altered neurotransmitter systems, providing the rationale for the potential treatment of these highly debilitating conditions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant studies concerning AR modulation in psychotic and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as neurodevelopment disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Neuropathogenesis, Deterioration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221078418. [PMID: 35133907 PMCID: PMC10581113 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221078418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors display marked clinical signs of neurocognitive impairments. SARS-CoV-2-mediated peripheral cytokine storm and its neurotropism appear to elicit the activation of glial cells in the brain proceeding to neuroinflammation. While adult neurogenesis has been identified as a key cellular basis of cognitive functions, neuroinflammation-induced aberrant neuroregenerative plasticity in the hippocampus has been implicated in progressive memory loss in ageing and brain disorders. Notably, recent histological studies of post-mortem human and experimental animal brains indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs neurogenic process in the hippocampus of the brain due to neuroinflammation. Considering the facts, this article describes the prominent neuropathogenic characteristics and neurocognitive impairments in COVID-19 and emphasizes a viewpoint that neuroinflammation-mediated deterioration of hippocampal neurogenesis could contribute to the onset and progression of dementia in COVID-19. Thus, it necessitates the unmet need for regenerative medicine for the effective management of neurocognitive deficits in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risna K. Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
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10
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Pu J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Gui S, Yu Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Yang L, Ran Y, Zhong X, Xu S, Song X, Liu L, Zheng P, Wang H, Xie P. An integrated meta-analysis of peripheral blood metabolites and biological functions in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4265-4276. [PMID: 31959849 PMCID: PMC8550972 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness, characterized by high morbidity, which has increased in recent decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MDD remain unclear. Previous studies have identified altered metabolic profiles in peripheral tissues associated with MDD. Using curated metabolic characterization data from a large sample of MDD patients, we meta-analyzed the results of metabolites in peripheral blood. Pathway and network analyses were then performed to elucidate the biological themes within these altered metabolites. We identified 23 differentially expressed metabolites between MDD patients and controls from 46 studies. MDD patients were characterized by higher levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, tyramine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, phosphatidylcholine (32:1), and taurochenodesoxycholic acid and lower levels of L-acetylcarnitine, creatinine, L-asparagine, L-glutamine, linoleic acid, pyruvic acid, palmitoleic acid, L-serine, oleic acid, myo-inositol, dodecanoic acid, L-methionine, hypoxanthine, palmitic acid, L-tryptophan, kynurenic acid, taurine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D compared with controls. L-tryptophan and kynurenic acid were consistently downregulated in MDD patients, regardless of antidepressant exposure. Depression rating scores were negatively associated with decreased levels of L-tryptophan. Pathway and network analyses revealed altered amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, especially for the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism, in the peripheral system of MDD patients. Taken together, our integrated results revealed that metabolic changes in the peripheral blood were associated with MDD, particularly decreased L-tryptophan and kynurenic acid levels, and alterations in the tryptophan-kynurenine and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Our findings may facilitate biomarker development and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that underly MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Pu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Lu Tian
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Siwen Gui
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yue Yu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901 USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yue Chen
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Lining Yang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yanqin Ran
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xuemian Song
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Peng Zheng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XNHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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11
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Ma J, Gao J, Niu M, Zhang X, Wang J, Xie A. P2X4R Overexpression Upregulates Interleukin-6 and Exacerbates 6-OHDA-Induced Dopaminergic Degeneration in a Rat Model of PD. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:580068. [PMID: 33328961 PMCID: PMC7671967 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains elusive. Current thinking suggests that the activation of microglia and the subsequent release of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is a member of the P2X superfamily of ion channels activated by ATP. To study the possible effect of the ATP-P2X4R signal axis on IL-6 in PD, lentivirus carrying the P2X4R-overexpression gene or empty vector was injected into the substantia nigra (SN) of rats, followed by treatment of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline 1 week later. The research found the relative expression of P2X4R in the 6-OHDA-induced PD rat models was notably higher than that in the normal. And P2X4R overexpression could upregulate the expression of IL-6, reduce the amount of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the SN of PD rats, suggesting that P2X4R may mediate the production of IL-6 to damage DA neurons in the SN. Our data revealed the important role of P2X4R in modulating IL-6, which leads to neuroinflammation involved in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinzhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Bacterial Metabolites of Human Gut Microbiota Correlating with Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239234. [PMID: 33287416 PMCID: PMC7730936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global threat to mental health that affects around 264 million people worldwide. Despite the considerable evolution in our understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, no reliable biomarkers that have contributed to objective diagnoses and clinical therapy currently exist. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced scientists to study the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of depression. Over the last decade, many of studies were conducted in this field. The productions of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties among mechanisms such as the mediating effects of the GM on the brain, have been identified. This comprehensive review was focused on low molecular weight compounds implicated in depression as potential products of the GM. The other possible mechanisms of GM involvement in depression were presented, as well as changes in the composition of the microbiota of patients with depression. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of functional foods and psychobiotics in relieving depression were considered. The described biomarkers associated with GM could potentially enhance the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in clinical practice and represent a potential future diagnostic tool based on metagenomic technologies for assessing the development of depressive disorders.
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13
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Roe K. An inflammation classification system using cytokine parameters. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12970. [PMID: 32892387 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can be created by several different causes, including a blood clot, an immune system disorder, a cancer, an infection, a chemical exposure, a physical injury, or a neurological condition, such as Alzheimer's or depression. In particular, many infections by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens can cause inflammation. Inflammations can have far-reaching medical consequences, because chronic or frequent inflammation can assist cancers and initiate autoimmune diseases. Determining the cause of an inflammation can be essential for the medical treatment of an individual, and a classification system can be a useful tool to help a diagnosis, confirm a diagnosis and to determine the most appropriate treatment. However, at present there is no classification system for the different causes of inflammation. This paper describes a classification system that uses seven distinct cytokine parameters to enable the determination of the cause of an inflammation. This classification system is expandable, and it can help determine whether an inflammation is caused by an ischaemia, an immune system disorder, a cancer, an infection, a chemical, a physical injury, or a neurological condition. In some cases, this classification system can help enable a quick primary or secondary determination of an urgent medical emergency when other medical diagnostic resources are unavailable.
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14
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Gavrilova SI, Alvarez A. Cerebrolysin in the therapy of mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: 30 years of clinical use. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:2775-2803. [PMID: 32808294 DOI: 10.1002/med.21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder and a global health problem. The prevalence of AD is growing dramatically, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and will reach 131.5 million cases worldwide by 2050. Therefore, developing a disease-modifying therapy capable of delaying or even preventing the onset and progression of AD has become a world priority, and is an unmet need. The pathogenesis of AD, considered as the result of an imbalance between resilience and risk factors, begins many years before the typical clinical picture develops and involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Since the pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, it is not surprising that all attempts done to modify the disease course with drugs directed towards a single therapeutic target have been unsuccessful. Thus, combined modality therapy, using multiple drugs with a single mechanism of action or multi-target drugs, appears as the most promising strategy for both effective AD therapy and prevention. Cerebrolysin, acting as a multitarget peptidergic drug with a neurotrophic mode of action, exerts long-lasting therapeutic effects on AD that could reflect its potential utility for disease modification. Clinical trials demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is safe and efficacious in the treatment of AD, and may enhance and prolong the efficacy of cholinergic drugs, particularly in moderate to advanced AD patients. In this review, we summarize advances of therapeutic relevance in the pathogenesis and the biomarkers of AD, paying special attention to neurotrophic factors, and present results of preclinical and clinical investigations with Cerebrolysin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Gavrilova
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Cognitive Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Alvarez
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, A Coruña, Spain.,Clinical Research Department, QPS Holdings, A Coruña, Spain
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15
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Postolache TT, Akram F, Lee EE, Lowry CA, Stiller JW, Brenner LA, Streeten EA, Turecki G, Dwivedi Y. Increased brain vitamin D receptor expression and decreased expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in individuals who died by suicide. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 125:75-84. [PMID: 32213352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with immune dysregulation, increased vulnerability to infections, depression, and suicidal behavior. One mediator of vitamin D-dependent immune regulation and antimicrobial defense is the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37), encoded by the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) gene. We compared the mRNA expression of the CRAMP gene, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, as well as the CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes (involved in vitamin D metabolism) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) between depressed individuals who died by suicide (n = 15) and matched (age, gender, and post-mortem interval) non-psychiatric controls (n = 15). Gene expression was measured through qRT-PCR with TaqMan® primers and probes, with GAPDH and β-actin genes as endogenous controls. Statistical analyses included t-tests and Pearson correlations. CRAMP mRNA expression was downregulated and VDR mRNA expression was upregulated in both dlPFC and ACC in suicides relative to controls, with no significant differences in expression of CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. To our knowledge, this is the first study on brain cathelicidin expression in the human brain in relationship to suicide. Increased VDR and decreased CRAMP expression are consistent with previously reported associations between vitamin D deficiency, immune dysregulation, and suicidal behavior, and should lead to future studies uncovering novel interactive targets for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Capitol MIRECC, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore MD, USA.
| | - Faisal Akram
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Saint Elizabeths Hospital, DC Department of Behavioral Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ellen E Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, And Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Saint Elizabeths Hospital, DC Department of Behavioral Health, Washington, DC, USA; Maryland State Athletic Commission, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Li C, Wu X, Liu S, Shen D, Zhu J, Liu K. Role of Resolvins in the Inflammatory Resolution of Neurological Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:612. [PMID: 32457616 PMCID: PMC7225325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neurological diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, neuroimmune diseases, and cerebrovascular disorders is closely related to neuroinflammation. Inflammation is a response against infection or injury. Genetic abnormalities, the aging process, or environmental factors can lead to dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Our immune system can cause massive damage when the inflammatory response becomes dysregulated. Inflammatory resolution is an effective process that terminates the inflammatory response to maintain health. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-three polyunsaturated fatty acids that play a crucial regulatory role in the development of inflammation. Resolvins (Rvs) derived from EPA and DHA constitute the Rvs E and Rvs D series, respectively. Numerous studies on the effect of Rvs over inflammation using animal models reveal that they have both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving capabilities. Here, we review the current knowledge on the classification, biosynthesis, receptors, mechanisms of action, and role of Rvs in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Shen
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kangding Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Wu GD, Li ZH, Li X, Zheng T, Zhang DK. microRNA-592 blockade inhibits oxidative stress injury in Alzheimer's disease astrocytes via the KIAA0319-mediated Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113128. [PMID: 31759899 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-592 (miR-592) has been reported to play a significant role in mediating neuronal activity, but its possible link with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-592 in oxidative stress (OS) injury of astrocytes (ASTs) from AD rat models induced by D-galactose or Aβ25-35 injection. Bioinformatics website and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay clarified the binding affinity between miR-592 and KIAA0319. KIAA0319 was identified as a target gene of miR-592. The mechanism of miR-592, KIAA0319 and the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in AD was examined after transducing miR-592 mimic, miR-592 inhibitor and siRNA-KIAA0319 into ASTs to query cell viability, OS injury and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rat models of AD Exhibited highly expressed miR-592 and poorly expressed KIAA0319. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-592 diminished C-Keap1 expression and enhanced N-Nrf2 and NQO1 expression, thus promoting cell viability and reducing OS injury of ASTs. Taken together, these findings suggested that the downregulation of miR-592 inhibited OS injury of ASTs in rat models of AD by up-regulating KIAA0319 through the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-De Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - De-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, PR China.
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18
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Gómez-Gómez ME, Zapico SC. Frailty, Cognitive Decline, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Nutrition Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112842. [PMID: 31212645 PMCID: PMC6600148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the human population is aging faster. This leads to higher dependency rates and the transformation of health and social care to adapt to this aged population. Among the changes developed by this population is frailty. It is defined as a clinically detectable syndrome, related to the aging of multiple physiological systems, which prompts a situation of vulnerability. The etiology of frailty seems to be multifactorial and its pathophysiology is influenced by the interaction of numerous factors. Morley et al. propose four main mechanisms triggering the frailty: atherosclerosis, sarcopenia, cognitive deterioration and malnutrition, with their respective metabolic alterations. Malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment or functional loss, but it is also known that an inadequate nutritional status predisposes to cognitive frailty. Additionally, nutritional factors that may influence vascular risk factors will potentially have an effect on dementia decline among patients with cognitive frailty. This review aims to describe the nutritional factors that have been researched so far which may lead to the development of frailty, and especially cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara C Zapico
- International Forensic Research Institute and Chemistry Department, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St., CP323, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
- Anthropology Department, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, MRC 112, 10th and Constitution Ave, NW, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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19
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Zhu Y, Klomparens EA, Guo S, Geng X. Neuroinflammation caused by mental stress: the effect of chronic restraint stress and acute repeated social defeat stress in mice. Neurol Res 2019; 41:762-769. [PMID: 31092145 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1615670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Inflammation has been reported to play an important role in the progression of CVD. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression are associated with increased incidence of CVD epidemiologically, although the mechanisms underlying this association are not clear. In this study, we assessed the effect of the acute repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) on neuroinflammation in mice. Methods: A total of 40 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into RSDS, CRS, and corresponding control groups. In the RSDS group, male C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly subjected to bouts of social defeat by a larger CD-1 mouse for 10 min daily for 10 consecutive days. In the CRS group, the mice were exposed to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 28 consecutive days. Depressive behavior was evaluated by conducting sucrose preference test over 24 h. Peripheral blood serum and brain tissues were collected for measurement of corticosterone (CORT), epinephrine (EPI), and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) using ELISA or real-time PCR 24 h after the sucrose preference test. Results: Both RSDS and CRS decreased the sucrose preference ratio. The acute stress increased serum CORT and EPI, while the chronic stress did not significantly influence them. Both stress models induced an inflammatory response in peripheral serum and the brain. Conclusions: RSDS and CRS are two effective models of depressive behavior, and both models cause neuroinflammation, which may be responsible for the increased risk of CVD seen in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequan Zhu
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Eric Allen Klomparens
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , USA
| | - Sichao Guo
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- a China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , USA.,c Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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20
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Zhai C, Cui M, Cheng X, Ao X, Zhao T, Wu W, Shao Q, Ge D, Song H, Qi F, Ling Q, Ma M, Xu M, Jiao D. Vitamin B12 Levels in Methamphetamine Addicts. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:320. [PMID: 30618670 PMCID: PMC6305445 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been established that reduced vitamin B12 serum levels are associated with cognitive decline and mental illness. The chronic use of methamphetamine (MA), which is a highly addictive drug, can induce cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. There are few studies addressing the association of MA with vitamin B12 serum levels. This study examined whether the serum levels of B12 are associated with MA addiction. Methods: Serum vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured in 123 MA addicts and 108 controls. In addition, data were collected on their age, marital status, level of education and Body Mass Index (BMI) for all participants. In the patient group, the data for each subject were collected using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and a drug use history, which included the age of onset, total duration of MA use, the number of relapses and addiction severity. Results: Our results showed that MA addicts had lower vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.05) than those of healthy controls, but Hcy levels were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Serum B12 levels were negatively correlated with the number of relapses in the MA group. Furthermore, binary logistics regression analysis indicated that the B12 was an influencing factor contributing to addiction severity. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that some MA addicts might have vitamin B12 deficiency, and serum B12 levels may be involved in the prognosis of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Cui
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | - Dexue Ge
- Anhui Province Veterans Hospital, Bengbu, China
| | | | - Fangzhi Qi
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiang Ling
- Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilitation Center, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengdi Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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21
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Biochemical deficits and cognitive decline in brain aging: Intervention by dietary supplements. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Park JE, Pichiah PBT, Cha YS. Vitamin D and Metabolic Diseases: Growing Roles of Vitamin D. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:223-232. [PMID: 31089567 PMCID: PMC6513299 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a free sunshine vitamin available for mankind from nature, is capable to avert many health-related critical circumstances. Vitamin D is no more regarded as a nutrient involved in bone metabolism alone. The presence of vitamin D receptor in a number of tissues implies that vitamin D has various physiological roles apart from calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Low serum vitamin D has been found to be associated with various types of metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Various studies reported that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in linked with metabolic syndrome risk. This review focuses on various metabolic diseases and its relationship with serum vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - P B Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A large percentage of older adults do not receive recommended amounts of many nutrients from food alone. Accordingly, the routine use of dietary supplements has become common among older persons. Although supplement use provides potential benefits by increasing nutrient intakes, there are potential drawbacks. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical studies have pointed to potential reductions in the risk to develop age-related diseases among older people who reported long-term use of multivitamin supplements. Higher plasma levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were also associated with fewer cardiovascular deaths in older people consuming omega-3 supplements. Dietary protein supplementation combined with exercise had a strong effect in preventing age-related muscle mass attenuation and leg strength loss in older people. Finally, beneficial effects of purified flavonoids on cognitive functions have been reported in some studies, whereas in a significant number of other studies, no such effect could be observed. SUMMARY The use of dietary supplements among older people has increased over the years due to the expectation of reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases. Although some dietary supplements may indeed fulfill some of these expectations, it would be unwise to assume that they are all efficacious and safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the most recent developments in the effective diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS The clinical diagnosis of NPS in AD is facilitated by the use of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). CT and MRI scans can be useful for detecting structural changes indicating AD. Other promising diagnostic methodologies that are less frequently used in the clinical setting include positron emission tomography (PET) scans for detecting amyloid and blood tests for detecting serum biomarkers. Numerous pharmaceutical agents have been studied for their use in managing NPS, with antipsychotics being popular for managing agitation but also having significant side effects. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as reminiscence therapy and the Describe, Investigate, Create, Evaluate (DICE) approach may be able to provide treatment without such adverse effects. Diagnosing AD and the comorbid NPS remains primarily a clinical endeavor with CT and MRI scans sometimes used, but evidence is amassing for the use of other imaging modalities and different lab tests for convenient and empiric diagnosis of AD to distinguish it from other psychiatric illnesses. The number of pharmacologic treatments for NPS that are safe as well as efficacious remains limited, yet non-pharmacologic interventions have clear clinical utility. In addition to searching for more successful pharmacological treatments, further research should focus on novel diagnostic tests and non-pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wolinsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karina Drake
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jolene Bostwick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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25
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Leptin, hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-6 levels from normal aging to dementia: Relationship with cognitive and functional status. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 56:150-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Pooyan S, Rahimi M, Mollahosseini M, Khorrami-Nezhad L, Nasir Y, Maghbooli Z, Mirzaei K. A High-Protein/Low-Fat Diet May Interact with Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Variants to Moderate the Risk of Depression in Apparently Healthy Adults. Lifestyle Genom 2018; 11:64-72. [DOI: 10.1159/000492497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Vincent B. Neuro-nutrients as anti-alzheimer's disease agents: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2999-3018. [PMID: 29846084 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1481012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a massive neuronal death causing memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral alteration that ultimately lead to dementia and death. AD is a multi-factorial pathology controlled by molecular events such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuro inflammation. Nowadays, there is no efficient disease-modifying treatment for AD and epidemiological studies have suggested that diet and nutrition have a significant impact on the development of this disorder. Indeed, some nutrients can protect all kind of cells, including neurons. As prevention is better than cure, life style improvement, with a special emphasis on diet, should seriously be considered as an anti-AD track and intake of nutrients promoting neuronal health is the need of the hour. Diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins have been shown to protect against AD, whereas saturated fatty acids-containing diets deprived of polyphenols promote the development of the disease. Thus, Mediterranean diets, mainly composed of fruits, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids, stand as valuable, mild and preventive anti-AD agents. This review focuses on our current knowledge in the field and how one can fight this devastating neurodegenerative disorder through the simple proper modification of our life style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Paris , France
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Li Q, Chen L, Liu X, Li X, Cao Y, Bai Y, Qi F. Pterostilbene inhibits amyloid-β-induced neuroinflammation in a microglia cell line by inactivating the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7053-7062. [PMID: 29737568 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been known as an important pathogenetic contributor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pterostilbene is a natural compound which has neuroprotective activity. However, the effect of pterostilbene on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation has not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pterostilbene on Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in microglia. The results indicated that pterostilbene attenuated Aβ1-42 -induced cytotoxicity of BV-2 cells. Aβ1-42 induced NO production and iNOS mRNA and protein expression, while pterostilbene inhibited the induction. The expression and secretion levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were enhanced by Aβ1-42 treatment, whereas pterostilbene decreased them. Aβ1-42 activated NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, which was inactivated by pterostilbene. In addition, the inhibitor of caspase-1 Z-YVAD-FMK attenuated the Aβ1-42 -induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 cells. In conclusion, pterostilbene attenuated the neuroinflammatory response induced by Aβ1-42 in microglia through inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway, indicating that pterostilbene might be an effective therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xidong Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Fengjiao Qi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Ocular Pharmacokinetics of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 After Weekly Supplementation in Rabbits Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:607-613. [PMID: 29577177 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The protective role of vitamin D supplementation has recently been shown to be present in various ocular inflammatory diseases. The oral supplementation of vitamin D may take time to achieve adequate levels in intraocular fluids. Therefore, the present study was performed to understand the ocular pharmacokinetics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) in aqueous humor after weekly supplementation of 25D3 in rabbits. METHODS A total of 21 rabbits were fed orally with 25D3 (7.22 µg/kg/week) for 8 weeks and 9th dose was given at the end of 8 weeks. The blood and aqueous humor samples were collected from ear vein and though anterior chamber paracentesis, respectively. The serum and aqueous humor samples were spiked with deuterium labeled internal standard and were extracted using liquid extraction method. Furthermore, the samples were derivatized and 25D3 estimation was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS The 25D3 supplementation significantly increased the 25D3 levels in serum (78.5 ± 21.6 ng/ml) (mean ± SD) (p < 0.0001) and in aqueous humor (991.3 ± 180.6 pg/ml) (mean ± SD) (p < 0.0001) compared to baseline levels. The maximum concentration was achieved in serum after the 10th hour of supplementation of 1st and 9th dose, while the same was observed at the 24th hour in aqueous humor. CONCLUSION The oral supplementation of 25D3 was found to significantly increase 25D3 levels in aqueous humor; however, the time required to achieve 25D3 concentration in aqueous humor was higher as compared to that in serum. Therefore, weekly oral supplementation of 25D3 may have a beneficial role in ocular diseases.
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The Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6039171. [PMID: 29706800 PMCID: PMC5863336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6039171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging-related changes of the innate and adaptive immune system include decline in the preservation and enhancement of many immune functions, such as changes in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, thymic involution, T cell polyfunctionality, or production of proinflammatory cytokines, and are defined as immunosenescence. Inflammatory functions are increased with age, causing the chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as inflamm-aging, that contribute, together with immunosenescence, to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between the immune and nervous systems and how the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
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