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Lares-Villaseñor E, Guevara-Cruz M, Salazar-García S, Granados-Portillo O, Vega-Cárdenas M, Martinez-Leija ME, Medina-Vera I, González-Salazar LE, Arteaga-Sanchez L, Guízar-Heredia R, Hernández-Gómez KG, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, López-Barradas AM, Guevara-Pedraza L, Ordaz-Nava G, Avila-Nava A, Tovar AR, Cossío-Torres PE, de la Cruz-Mosso U, Aradillas-García C, Portales-Pérez DP, Noriega LG, Vargas-Morales JM. Genetic risk score for insulin resistance based on gene variants associated to amino acid metabolism in young adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299543. [PMID: 38422035 PMCID: PMC10903913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentration of arginine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, taurine and valine are increased in subjects with insulin resistance, which could in part be attributed to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes associated with amino acid metabolism. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) for insulin resistance in young adults based on SNPs present in genes related to amino acid metabolism. We performed a cross-sectional study that included 452 subjects over 18 years of age. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters were assessed including measurement of serum amino acids by high performance liquid chromatography. Eighteen SNPs were genotyped by allelic discrimination. Of these, ten were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and only four were used to construct the GRS through multiple linear regression modeling. The GRS was calculated using the number of risk alleles of the SNPs in HGD, PRODH, DLD and SLC7A9 genes. Subjects with high GRS (≥ 0.836) had higher levels of glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower levels of arginine than subjects with low GRS (p < 0.05). The application of a GRS based on variants within genes associated to amino acid metabolism may be useful for the early identification of subjects at increased risk of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Lares-Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Samuel Salazar-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias en Investigación Aplicadas en Ambiente y Salud, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Arteaga-Sanchez
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocío Guízar-Heredia
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Guillermo Ordaz-Nava
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia E. Cossío-Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Ulises de la Cruz-Mosso
- Red de Inmunonutrición y Genómica Nutricional en las Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Celia Aradillas-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Diana P. Portales-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan M. Vargas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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da Silva ACR, Yadegari A, Tzaneva V, Vasanthan T, Laketic K, Shearer J, Bainbridge SA, Harris C, Adamo KB. Metabolomics to Understand Alterations Induced by Physical Activity during Pregnancy. Metabolites 2023; 13:1178. [PMID: 38132860 PMCID: PMC10745110 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been associated with a reduced risk of cancer, obesity, and diabetes. In the context of pregnancy, maintaining an active lifestyle has been shown to decrease gestational weight gain (GWG) and lower the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, and macrosomia in offspring. The main pathways activated by PA include BCAAs, lipids, and bile acid metabolism, thereby improving insulin resistance in pregnant individuals. Despite these known benefits, the underlying metabolites and biological mechanisms affected by PA remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further investigation. Metabolomics, a comprehensive study of metabolite classes, offers valuable insights into the widespread metabolic changes induced by PA. This narrative review focuses on PA metabolomics research using different analytical platforms to analyze pregnant individuals. Existing studies support the hypothesis that exercise behaviour can influence the metabolism of different populations, including pregnant individuals and their offspring. While PA has shown considerable promise in maintaining metabolic health in non-pregnant populations, our comprehension of metabolic changes in the context of a healthy pregnancy remains limited. As a result, further investigation is necessary to clarify the metabolic impact of PA within this unique group, often excluded from physiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Rosa da Silva
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Anahita Yadegari
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Velislava Tzaneva
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Tarushika Vasanthan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5G 2A7, Canada
| | - Katarina Laketic
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shannon A. Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cory Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Kristi B. Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
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Castillo P, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Pomar CA, Palou A, Palou M, Picó C. Stachydrine, N-acetylornithine and trimethylamine N-oxide levels as candidate milk biomarkers of maternal consumption of an obesogenic diet during lactation. Biofactors 2023; 49:1022-1037. [PMID: 37227188 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether improving maternal diet during lactation in diet-induced obese rats reverts the impact of western diet (WD) consumption on the metabolome of milk and offspring plasma, as well as to identify potential biomarkers of these conditions. Three groups of dams were followed: control-dams (CON-dams), fed with standard diet (SD); WD-dams, fed with WD prior and during gestation and lactation; and reversion-dams (REV-dams), fed as WD-dams but moved to SD during lactation. Metabolomic analysis was performed in milk at lactation days 5, 10, and 15, and in plasma from their male and female offspring at postnatal day 15. Milk of WD-dams presented, throughout lactation and compared to CON-dams, altered profiles of amino acids and of the carnitine pool, accompanied by changes in other polar metabolites, being stachydrine, N-acetylornithine, and trimethylamine N-oxide the most relevant and discriminatory metabolites between groups. The plasma metabolome profile was also altered in the offspring of WD-dams in a sex-dependent manner, and stachydrine, ergothioneine and the acylcarnitine C12:1 appeared as the top three most discriminating metabolites in both sexes. Metabolomic changes were largely normalized to control levels both in the milk of REV-dams and in the plasma of their offspring. We have identified a set of polar metabolites in maternal milk and in the plasma of the offspring whose alterations may indicate maternal intake of an unbalanced diet during gestation and lactation. Levels of these metabolites may also reflect the beneficial effects of implementing a healthier diet during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castillo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation) of the University of the Balearic Islands, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Catalina Amadora Pomar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation) of the University of the Balearic Islands, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation) of the University of the Balearic Islands, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation) of the University of the Balearic Islands, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation) of the University of the Balearic Islands, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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Puljiz Z, Kumric M, Vrdoljak J, Martinovic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Krnic MO, Urlic H, Puljiz Z, Zucko J, Dumanic P, Mikolasevic I, Bozic J. Obesity, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolome: From Pathophysiology to Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102236. [PMID: 37242119 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disorder identified by an inappropriate increase in weight in relation to height and is considered by many international health institutions to be a major pandemic of the 21st century. The gut microbial ecosystem impacts obesity in multiple ways that yield downstream metabolic consequences, such as affecting systemic inflammation, immune response, and energy harvest, but also the gut-host interface. Metabolomics, a systematized study of low-molecular-weight molecules that take part in metabolic pathways, represents a serviceable method for elucidation of the crosstalk between hosts' metabolism and gut microbiota. In the present review, we confer about clinical and preclinical studies exploring the association of obesity and related metabolic disorders with various gut microbiome profiles, and the effects of several dietary interventions on gut microbiome composition and the metabolome. It is well established that various nutritional interventions may serve as an efficient therapeutic approach to support weight loss in obese individuals, yet no agreement exists in regard to the most effective dietary protocol, both in the short and long term. However, metabolite profiling and the gut microbiota composition might represent an opportunity to methodically establish predictors for obesity control that are relatively simple to measure in comparison to traditional approaches, and it may also present a tool to determine the optimal nutritional intervention to ameliorate obesity in an individual. Nevertheless, a lack of adequately powered randomized trials impedes the application of observations to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivana Puljiz
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ozren Krnic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Urlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Puljiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Dumanic
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Division, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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5
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Prevalence of Stroke in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2023.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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Role of Impaired Glycolysis in Perturbations of Amino Acid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021724. [PMID: 36675238 PMCID: PMC9863464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent alterations in plasma amino acid concentrations in type 1 and type 2 diabetes are decreased L-serine and increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) levels. The likely cause of L-serine deficiency is decreased synthesis of 3-phosphoglycerate, the main endogenous precursor of L-serine, due to impaired glycolysis. The BCAA levels increase due to decreased supply of pyruvate and oxaloacetate from glycolysis, enhanced supply of NADH + H+ from beta-oxidation, and subsequent decrease in the flux through the citric acid cycle in muscles. These alterations decrease the supply of α-ketoglutarate for BCAA transamination and the activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism. L-serine deficiency contributes to decreased synthesis of phospholipids and increased synthesis of deoxysphinganines, which play a role in diabetic neuropathy, impaired homocysteine disposal, and glycine deficiency. Enhanced BCAA levels contribute to increased levels of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), insulin resistance, and accumulation of various metabolites, whose influence on diabetes progression is not clear. It is concluded that amino acid concentrations should be monitored in patients with diabetes, and systematic investigation is needed to examine the effects of L-serine and glycine supplementation on diabetes progression when these amino acids are decreased.
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Csongová M, Scheijen JLJM, van de Waarenburg MPH, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Tábi T, Szökö É, Schalkwijk CG, Šebeková K. Association of α-Dicarbonyls and Advanced Glycation End Products with Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224929. [PMID: 36432614 PMCID: PMC9695161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by a variety of mechanisms. To investigate whether young insulin-resistant subjects present markers of increased dicarbonyl stress, we determined serum α-dicarbonyls-methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone; their derived free- and protein-bound, and urinary AGEs using the UPLC/MS-MS method; soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE), and cardiometabolic risk markers in 142 (49% females) insulin resistant (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) ≤ 0.319) and 167 (47% females) age-, and waist-to-height ratio-matched insulin-sensitive controls aged 16-to-22 years. The between-group comparison was performed using the two-factor (sex, presence/absence of insulin resistance) analysis of variance; multiple regression via the orthogonal projection to latent structures model. In comparison with their insulin-sensitive peers, young healthy insulin-resistant individuals without diabetes manifest alterations throughout the α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis, dominated by higher 3-deoxyglucosone levels. Variables of α-dicarbonyls-AGEs-sRAGE axis were associated with insulin sensitivity independently from cardiometabolic risk markers, and sex-specifically. Cleaved RAGE associates with QUICKI only in males; while multiple α-dicarbonyls and AGEs independently associate with QUICKI particularly in females, who displayed a more advantageous cardiometabolic profile compared with males. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether interventions alleviating dicarbonyl stress ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jean L. J. M. Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, 811 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Imenshahidi M, Hossenzadeh H. Effects of glycine on metabolic syndrome components: a review. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:927-939. [PMID: 35013990 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycine is the simplest and major amino acid in humans. It is mainly generated in the liver and kidney and is used to produce collagen, creatine, glucose and purine. It is also involved in immune function, anti-inflammatory processes and anti-oxidation reactions. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of glycine in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases for papers concerning glycine and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Available evidence shows that the amount of glycine synthesized in vivo is insufficient to meet metabolic demands in these species. Plasma glycine levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals. Interventions such as lifestyle modification, exercise, weight loss, or drugs that improve manifestations of metabolic syndrome remarkably increase circulating glycine concentrations. CONCLUSION Glycine supplementation improves various components of metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In the future, the use of glycine may have a significant clinical impact on the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hossenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Ikeda H. The Effect of Mild Renal Dysfunction on the Assessment of Plasma Amino Acid Concentration and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2048300. [PMID: 35734236 PMCID: PMC9208954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2048300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and certain aromatic amino acids, such as alanine, in plasma is correlated with insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is a leading risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Meanwhile, renal dysfunction causes changes in plasma amino acid levels. To date, no study has examined how mild renal dysfunction and IR interact with plasma amino acid levels. This study examines the effects of IR and renal dysfunction on plasma amino acid concentrations in T2DM. METHODS Data were collected from healthy male participants (controls) and male patients with T2DM between May 2018 and February 2022. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. IR and renal function were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and serum cystatin C (CysC), respectively. RESULTS A total of 49 and 93 participants were included in the control and T2DM groups, respectively. In the T2DM group, eight amino acids (alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and valine) and total BCAA showed a significant correlation with HOMA-IR (p < 0.01), whereas six amino acids (γ-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, cysteine, glycine, methionine, and valine) and total BCAA showed a significant correlation with 1/CysC (p < 0.02). However, only alanine, glutamic acid, and each BCAA showed significant differences between the control group and the IR T2DM subgroup. Increases in the BCAA levels with T2DM were canceled by renal dysfunction (CysC ≥ 0.93) in patients with intermediate IR. CONCLUSION To use plasma BCAA concentration as a marker of IR, renal function must be considered, even in mild renal dysfunction. Increased alanine and glutamic acid levels indicate IR, regardless of mild renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanyudo Hospital, Chuo 6 Chome-1-219, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-0045, Japan
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10
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Alqudah A, Wedyan M, Qnais E, Jawarneh H, McClements L. Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695418. [PMID: 34335259 PMCID: PMC8320811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hassan Jawarneh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Su L, Kong X, Loo SJ, Gao Y, Kovalik JP, Su X, Ma J, Ye L. Diabetic Endothelial Cells Differentiated From Patient iPSCs Show Dysregulated Glycine Homeostasis and Senescence Associated Phenotypes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667252. [PMID: 34136485 PMCID: PMC8201091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived cells (iPSCs) not only can be used for personalized cell transfer therapy, but also can be used for modeling diseases for drug screening and discovery in vitro. Although prior studies have characterized the function of rodent iPSCs derived endothelial cells (ECs) in diabetes or metabolic syndrome, feature phenotypes are largely unknown in hiPSC-ECs from patients with diabetes. Here, we used hiPSC lines from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and differentiated them into ECs (dia-hiPSC-ECs). We found that dia-hiPSC-ECs had disrupted glycine homeostasis, increased senescence, and impaired mitochondrial function and angiogenic potential as compared with healthy hiPSC-ECs. These signature phenotypes will be helpful to establish dia-hiPSC-ECs as models of endothelial dysfunction for understanding molecular mechanisms of disease and for identifying and testing new targets for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Su
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaocen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Programme in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Castro A, Duft RG, Silva LM, Ferreira MLV, Andrade ALL, Bernardes CF, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Understanding the Relationship between Intrinsic Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2397-2409. [PMID: 33909435 PMCID: PMC8280739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiorespiratory fitness (iCRF) indicates the CRF level in the sedentary state. However, even among sedentary individuals, a wide interindividual variability is observed in the iCRF levels, whose associated molecular characteristics are little understood. This study aimed to investigate whether serum and skeletal muscle metabolomics profiles are associated with iCRF, measured by maximal power output (MPO). Seventy sedentary young adults were submitted to venous blood sampling, a biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle and iCRF assessment. Blood serum and muscle tissue samples were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolites related to iCRF were those supported by three levels of evidence: (1) correlation with iCRF, (2) significant difference between individuals with low and high iCRF, and (3) metabolite contribution to significant pathways associated with iCRF. From 43 serum and 70 skeletal muscle analyzed metabolites, iCRF was positively associated with levels of betaine, threonine, proline, ornithine, and glutamine in serum and lactate, fumarate, NADP+, and formate in skeletal muscle. Serum betaine and ornithine and skeletal muscle lactate metabolites explained 31.2 and 16.8%, respectively, of the iCRF variability in addition to body mass. The results suggest that iCRF in young adults is positively associated with serum and skeletal muscle metabolic levels, indicative of the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina L V Ferreira
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L L Andrade
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celene F Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Dietary glutamic acid and aspartic acid as biomarkers for predicting diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7244. [PMID: 33790305 PMCID: PMC8012375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is low despite the importance of early diagnosis. We investigated the predictive value of dietary glutamic acid and aspartic acid for diagnosis of DR using the Korea National Diabetes Program cohort study. The 2067 patients with type 2 diabetes without DR were included. The baseline intakes of energy, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were assessed using a 3-day food records. The risk of DR incidence based on intake of glutamic acid and aspartic acid was analyzed. The DR group was older, and had higher HbA1c, longer DM duration, lower education level and income than non-DR group (all p < 0.05). The intake of total energy, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were lower in DR group than non-DR group (p = 0.010, p = 0.025 and p = 0.042, respectively). There was no difference in the risk of developing DR according to the intake of glutamic acid and ascorbic acid. But, aspartic acid intake had a negative correlation with PDR. Hence, the intake of glutamic acid and aspartic acid did not affect in DR incidence. However, lower aspartic acid intake affected the PDR incidence.
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Ahlin S, Cefalo C, Bondia-Pons I, Trošt K, Capristo E, Marini L, Romero M, Zorzano A, Gastaldelli A, Mingrone G, Nolan JJ. Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery - Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:786952. [PMID: 34975758 PMCID: PMC8716486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.786952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To test the hypothesis that adipose tissue gene expression patterns would be affected by metabolic surgery and we aimed to identify genes and metabolic pathways as well as metabolites correlating with metabolic changes following metabolic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study was conducted at the Obesity Unit at the Catholic University Hospital of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy. Fifteen patients, of which six patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, were included. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Small polar metabolites were analyzed with a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Gene expression analysis of genes related to metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All procedures were performed at study start and at follow-up (after 185.3 ± 72.9 days). RESULTS Twelve metabolites were significantly changed after metabolic surgery. Six metabolites were identified as 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, glutamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The branched chain amino acids displayed a significant decrease together with a decrease in BCAT1 adipose tissue mRNA levels. Changes in the identified metabolites were associated to changes in lipid, insulin and glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered by metabolic surgery and may be used as biomarkers for metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ahlin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sofie Ahlin,
| | - Consuelo Cefalo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Kajetan Trošt
- Research Department, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Esmeralda Capristo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Marini
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Montserrat Romero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Nolan
- Research Department, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Tan HC, Hsu JW, Kovalik JP, Eng A, Chan WH, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Chacko S, Jahoor F. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Oxidation Is Elevated in Adults with Morbid Obesity and Decreases Significantly after Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Nutr 2020; 150:3180-3189. [PMID: 33097955 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in obese individuals with insulin resistance (IR) and decrease after bariatric surgery. However, the metabolic mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to compare leucine kinetics between morbidly obese and healthy-weight individuals cross-sectionally, and to prospectively evaluate changes in the morbidly obese after sleeve gastrectomy. We hypothesized that leucine oxidation is slower in obese individuals and increases after surgery. METHODS Ten morbidly obese [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥32.5, age 21-50 y] and 10 healthy-weight participants (BMI <25), matched for age (median ∼30 y) but not gender, were infused with [U-13C6] leucine and [2H5] glycerol to quantify leucine and glycerol kinetics. Morbidly obese participants were studied again 6 mo postsurgery. Primary outcomes were kinetic parameters related to BCAA metabolism. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and presented as median (IQR). RESULTS Participants with obesity had IR with an HOMA-IR (4.89; 4.36-8.76) greater than that of healthy-weight participants (1.32; 0.99-1.49; P < 0.001) and had significantly faster leucine flux [218; 196-259 compared with 145; 138-149 μmol · kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 · h-1], oxidation (24.0; 17.9-29.8 compared with 16.1; 14.3-18.5 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1), and nonoxidative disposal (204; 190-247 compared with 138; 129-140 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1) (P < 0.017 for all). After surgery, the morbidly obese had a marked improvement in IR (3.54; 3.06-6.08; P = 0.008) and significant reductions in BCAA concentrations (113; 95-157 μmol/L) and leucine oxidation (9.37; 6.85-15.2 μmol · kg FFM-1 · h-1) (P = 0.017 for both). Further, leucine flux in this group correlated significantly with IR (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BCAA oxidation is not impaired but elevated in individuals with morbid obesity. Plasma BCAA concentrations are lowered after surgery owing to slower breakdown of body proteins as insulin's ability to suppress proteolysis is restored. These findings suggest that IR is the underlying cause and not the consequence of elevated BCAAs in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jean W Hsu
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alvin Eng
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Weng Hoong Chan
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Nagao K, Kimura T. Use of plasma-free amino acids as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:79-85. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews developments regarding the use of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. This work was initiated and first published in 2006 and was subsequently developed by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. After commercialization in 2011, PFAA-based tests were adopted in over 1500 clinics and hospitals in Japan, and numerous clinician-led studies have been performed to validate these tests. Evidence is accumulating that PFAA profiles can be used for diabetes prediction and evaluation of frailty; in particular, decreased plasma essential amino acids could contribute to the pathophysiology of severe frailty. Integration of PFAA evaluation as a biomarker and effective essential amino acid supplementation, which improves physical and mental functions in the elderly, could facilitate the development of precision nutrition, including personalized solutions. This present review provides the background for the technology as well as more recent clinical findings, and offers future possibilities regarding the implementation of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- the Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Holeček M. Why Are Branched-Chain Amino Acids Increased in Starvation and Diabetes? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103087. [PMID: 33050579 PMCID: PMC7600358 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are increased in starvation and diabetes mellitus. However, the pathogenesis has not been explained. It has been shown that BCAA catabolism occurs mostly in muscles due to high activity of BCAA aminotransferase, which converts BCAA and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate. The loss of α-KG from the citric cycle (cataplerosis) is attenuated by glutamate conversion to α-KG in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase reactions, in which glycolysis is the main source of amino group acceptors, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Irreversible oxidation of BCKA by BCKA dehydrogenase is sensitive to BCKA supply, and ratios of NADH to NAD+ and acyl-CoA to CoA-SH. It is hypothesized that decreased glycolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation, characteristic features of starvation and diabetes, cause in muscles alterations resulting in increased BCAA levels. The main alterations include (i) impaired BCAA transamination due to decreased supply of amino groups acceptors (α-KG, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate) and (ii) inhibitory influence of NADH and acyl-CoAs produced in fatty acid oxidation on citric cycle and BCKA dehydrogenase. The studies supporting the hypothesis and pros and cons of elevated BCAA concentrations are discussed in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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18
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Metabolic profiling of tissue-specific insulin resistance in human obesity: results from the Diogenes study and the Maastricht Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1376-1386. [PMID: 32203114 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that insulin resistance (IR) in obesity may develop independently in different organs, representing different etiologies toward type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IR in the liver and IR in skeletal muscle are associated with distinct metabolic profiles. METHODS This study includes baseline data from 634 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) (≤65 years; 63% women) without diabetes of the European Diogenes Study. Hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) and muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), were derived from a five-point OGTT. At baseline 17 serum metabolites were identified and quantified by nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Linear mixed model analyses (adjusting for center, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio) were used to associate HIRI and MISI with these metabolites. In an independent sample of 540 participants without diabetes (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2; 40-65 years; 46% women) of the Maastricht Study, an observational prospective population-based cohort study, 11 plasma metabolites and a seven-point OGTT were available for validation. RESULTS Both HIRI and MISI were associated with higher levels of valine, isoleucine, oxo-isovaleric acid, alanine, lactate, and triglycerides, and lower levels of glycine (all p < 0.05). HIRI was also associated with higher levels of leucine, hydroxyisobutyrate, tyrosine, proline, creatine, and n-acetyl and lower levels of acetoacetate and 3-OH-butyrate (all p < 0.05). Except for valine, these results were replicated for all available metabolites in the Maastricht Study. CONCLUSIONS In persons with obesity without diabetes, both liver and muscle IR show a circulating metabolic profile of elevated (branched-chain) amino acids, lactate, and triglycerides, and lower glycine levels, but only liver IR associates with lower ketone body levels and elevated ketogenic amino acids in circulation, suggestive of decreased ketogenesis. This knowledge might enhance developments of more targeted tissue-specific interventions to prevent progression to more severe disease stages.
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Cerón E, Bernal-Alcántara D, Vanda B, Sommer B, Gonzalez-Trujano E, Alvarado-Vásquez N. Glycine supplementation during six months does not alter insulin, glucose or triglycerides plasma levels in healthy rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:451-460. [PMID: 32091321 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, glycine is used in nutritional supplements and to attenuate chronic complications of diabetes and obesity; however, its use has side effects as insulin resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of chronic glycine supplementation on insulin, glucose and triglyceride levels in healthy Wistar rats. Groups were: Control (C), that received sterilized water only, glycine (GG), that received 1% glycine and taurine (TG), that received 0.5% taurine during 6 months (n = 10). Our results showed no differences in plasma insulin levels after six months of supplementation (C: 13.22 ± 2.0; GG: 11.4 ± 2.0; TG: 11.13 ± 2.0 ng/ml; p = 0.64). Likewise, neither glucose plasma concentration (C: 99.9 ± 3.9 mg/dl; GG: 104.3 ± 4.3 mg/dl; TG: 104.5 ± 4.8 mg/dl) (p = 0.88) nor triglyceride levels (C: 58.4 ± 5.6 mg/dl; GG: 46.9 ± 2.3 mg/dl; TG: 50.68 ± 3.3 mg/dl), showed differences after six months supplementation (p = 0.22). Furthermore, the analysis of glycine (C: 80 ± 24.6; GG: 83.9 ± 25.9; TG: 90.7 ± 13.5 nmol/ml) (p = 0.19) and taurine (C: 169 ± 15.17; GG: 148.7 ± 23.9; TG: 165.8 ± 22.5 nmol/ml) (p = 0.4) in the plasma of animals with supplementation showed no significant changes. Additionally, general urine tests and histological analysis of liver or kidneys showed no alterations. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with 1% glycine did not have any significant detrimental side effects in our model. However, more studies are still necessary to evaluate the effect of 1% glycine supplementation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Cerón
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Demetrio Bernal-Alcántara
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Vanda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Department of Bronchial Hyperreactivity, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Trujano
- National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhang Z, Hong Y, Chen M, Tan N, Liu S, Nie X, Zhou W. Serum metabolomics reveals metabolic profiling for women with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolomics 2020; 16:20. [PMID: 31980950 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder. Hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) are two important pathogenic factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the inherent disturbed metabolic profiles for women with HA or IR in PCOS as well as discover diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS A total of 286 subjects were recruited for the study. They constituted the following groups: healthy women (C), those with HA (B1), those with IR but not obese (B2) and obese women with IR (B3) in PCOS. Nine cross-comparisons with PCOS were performed to characterize metabolic disturbances. Serum metabolomic profiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We found a total of 59 differential metabolites. 28 metabolites for B1 vs C, 32 for B2 vs C and 25 for B3 vs C were discovered. Among them, palmitic acid, cholesterol, myo-inositol, D-allose, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, 1-monopalmitin, 1-monostearin, glycerol 1-phosphate, malic acid and citric acid, were the common differential metabolites among B1 vs C, B2 vs C and B3 vs C, which related to biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, citrate cycle etc. Besides, 9-biomarker panel can diagnose well between HA and IR in PCOS. They provided areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8511 to 1.000 in the discovery phase, and predictive values of 90% to 92% in the validation set. The result indicated that the differential metabolites can reflect the underlying mechanism of PCOS and serve as biomarkers for complementary diagnosis of HA and IR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanli Hong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, #155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiaowei Nie
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Reproductive Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, #155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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21
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Calvani R, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Picca A, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Laosa O, Pedraza L, Gervasoni J, Primiano A, Conta G, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Regueme SC, Bernabei R, Marzetti E, Sinclair AJ, Gambassi G. Identification of a Circulating Amino Acid Signature in Frail Older Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the Metabofrail Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010199. [PMID: 31940925 PMCID: PMC7019630 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and frailty are highly prevalent conditions that impact the health status of older adults. Perturbations in protein/amino acid metabolism are associated with both functional impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we compared the concentrations of a panel of circulating 37 amino acids and derivatives between frail/pre-frail older adults with T2DM and robust non-diabetic controls. Sixty-six functionally impaired older persons aged 70+ with T2DM and 30 age and sex-matched controls were included in the analysis. We applied a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)-based analytical strategy to characterize the metabotype of study participants. The optimal complexity of the PLS-DA model was found to be two latent variables. The proportion of correct classification was 94.1 ± 1.9% for frail/pre-frail persons with T2DM and 100% for control participants. Functionally impaired older persons with T2DM showed higher levels of 3-methyl histidine, alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, ethanolamine sarcosine, and tryptophan. Control participants had higher levels of ornithine and taurine. These findings indicate that a specific profile of amino acids and derivatives characterizes pre-frail/frail older persons with T2DM. The dissection of these pathways may provide novel insights into the metabolic perturbations involved in the disabling cascade in older persons with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Picca
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Olga Laosa
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pedraza
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Conta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Sophie C. Regueme
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (I.B.-M.); (S.C.R.)
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630155559; Fax: +39-063051911
| | - Alan J. Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd., Luton LU1 3UA, UK;
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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22
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Papandreou C, Bulló M, Ruiz-Canela M, Dennis C, Deik A, Wang D, Guasch-Ferré M, Yu E, Razquin C, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Fiol M, Liang L, Hernández-Alonso P, Clish CB, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Plasma metabolites predict both insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes: a metabolomics approach within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:626-634. [PMID: 30796776 PMCID: PMC7307433 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder and is often associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test whether baseline metabolites can additionally improve the prediction of insulin resistance beyond classical risk factors. Furthermore, we examined whether a multimetabolite model predicting insulin resistance in nondiabetics can also predict incident T2D. METHODS We used a case-cohort study nested within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial in subsets of 700, 500, and 256 participants without T2D at baseline and 1 and 3 y. Fasting plasma metabolites were semiquantitatively profiled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed associations between metabolite concentrations and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) through the use of elastic net regression analysis. We subsequently examined associations between the baseline HOMA-IR-related multimetabolite model and T2D incidence through the use of weighted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS We identified a set of baseline metabolites associated with HOMA-IR. One-year changes in metabolites were also significantly associated with HOMA-IR. The area under the curve was significantly greater for the model containing the classical risk factors and metabolites together compared with classical risk factors alone at baseline [0.81 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.84) compared with 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.73)] and during a 1-y period [0.69 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.72) compared with 0.57 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.62)]. The variance in HOMA-IR explained by the combination of metabolites and classical risk factors was also higher in all time periods. The estimated HRs for incident T2D in the multimetabolite score (model 3) predicting high HOMA-IR (median value or higher) or HOMA-IR (continuous) at baseline were 2.00 (95% CI: 1.58, 2.55) and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.72, 2.90), respectively, after adjustment for T2D risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The multimetabolite model identified in our study notably improved the predictive ability for HOMA-IR beyond classical risk factors and significantly predicted the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Nutrition, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Yu
- Departments of Nutrition, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Razquin
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- University Institute of Health Science Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Departments of Nutrition, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition, Boston, MA
- Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Liang X, Zou L, Ong CN, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Pan A. Serum Amino Acids in Association with Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in A Chinese Population. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010014. [PMID: 30646552 PMCID: PMC6359471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to simultaneously examine the associations of both essential and non-essential amino acids with both prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. A case-control study was nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Participants included 144 cases with prevalent and 160 cases with incident type 2 diabetes and 304 controls. Cases and controls were individually matched on age, sex, and date of blood collection. Baseline serum levels of 9 essential and 10 non-essential amino acids were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We identified that five essential (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine) and five non-essential (alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, and tyrosine) amino acids were associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes; four essential (isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, and valine) and two non-essential (glutamine and tyrosine) amino acids were associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Of these, valine and tyrosine independently led to a significant improvement in risk prediction of incident type 2 diabetes. This study demonstrates that both essential and non-essential amino acids were associated with the risk for prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes, and the findings could aid in diabetes risk assessment in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Lu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yeli Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
| | - Xu Liang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore.
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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24
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Tan HC, Hsu JW, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Yu S, Chacko S, Lai OF, Jahoor F. Alterations in branched-chain amino acid kinetics in nonobese but insulin-resistant Asian men. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1220-1228. [PMID: 30358799 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are elevated in the insulin-resistant (IR) state. The reasons for this increase remain unclear, but it may be related to abnormalities in BCAA metabolism and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Objective In this study, we quantified BCAA and FFA kinetics of IR and insulin-sensitive (IS) nonobese Asian men with the use of stable-isotope tracers. We hypothesized that in addition to greater substrate flux, the BCAA oxidative pathway is also impaired to account for the higher plasma BCAA concentration in the IR state. Design We recruited 12 IR and 14 IS nonobese and healthy Asian men. Oral-glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed to quantify insulin sensitivity, and subjects underwent 2 stable-isotope infusion studies. [U-13C6]Leucine was infused to measure leucine flux and oxidation as indexes of BCAA metabolism, whereas [U-13C16]palmitate was infused to measure palmitate flux and oxidation to represent FFA metabolism, The 2H2O dilution method was used to estimate body composition. Results IR subjects had greater adiposity and significantly higher fasting and post-OGTT glucose and insulin concentrations compared with the IS group. However, none of the subjects were diabetic. Despite similar dietary protein intake, IR subjects had a significantly higher plasma BCAA concentration and greater leucine flux. Leucine oxidation was also greater in the IR group, but the relation between leucine oxidation and flux was significantly weaker in the IR group than in the IS group (r = 0.530 compared with 0.695, P < 0.0388 for differences between slope). FFA oxidation was, however, unaffected despite higher FFA flux in the IR group. Conclusion The higher plasma BCAA concentration in healthy nonobese individuals with IR is associated with a weaker relation between BCAA oxidation and BCAA flux and this occurs in the presence of accelerated FFA flux and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean W Hsu
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Oi Fah Lai
- Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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25
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Semba RD, Gonzalez-Freire M, Moaddel R, Sun K, Fabbri E, Zhang P, Carlson OD, Khadeer M, Chia CW, Salem N, Ferrucci L. Altered Plasma Amino Acids and Lipids Associated With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Older Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3331-3339. [PMID: 29947780 PMCID: PMC6126893 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Glucose metabolism becomes progressively impaired with older age. Fasting glucose and insulin resistance are risk factors for premature death and other adverse outcomes. We aimed to identifying plasma metabolites associated with altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in older community-dwelling adults. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A targeted metabolomics approach was used to identify plasma metabolites associated with impaired fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose on oral glucose tolerance testing, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 472 participants who participated in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, with a mean (SD) age of 70.7 (9.9) years. RESULTS We measured 143 plasma metabolites. In ordinal logistic regression analyses, using a false discovery rate of 5% and adjusting for potential confounders, we found that alanine, glutamic acid, and proline were significantly associated with increased odds of abnormal fasting plasma glucose. Phosphatidylcholine (diacyl C34:4, alkyl-acyl C32:1, C32:2, C34:2, C34:3, and C36:3) was associated with decreased odds of abnormal fasting plasma glucose. Glutamic and acid phosphatidylcholine alkyl-acyl C34:2 were associated with increased and decreased odds of 2-hour plasma glucose, respectively. Glutamic acid was associated with increased odds of higher tertiles of HOMA-IR. Glycine; phosphatidylcholine (diacyl C32:0, alkyl-acyl C32:1, C32:2, C34:1, C34:2, C34:3, C36:2, C36:3, C40:5, C40:6, C42:3, C42:4, and C42:5); sphingomyelin C16:0, C24:1, and C26:1; and lysophosphatidylcholine C18:1 were associated with decreased odds of abnormal HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Targeted metabolomics identified four plasma amino acids and 16 plasma lipid species, primarily containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, that were associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Richard D. Semba, MD, MPH, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, M015, Baltimore, Maryland 21287. E-mail:
| | | | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga D Carlson
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chee W Chia
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Amberg W, Lange UEW, Ochse M, Pohlki F, Behl B, Relo AL, Hornberger W, Hoft C, Mezler M, Sydor J, Wang Y, Zhao H, Brewer JT, Dietrich J, Li H, Akritopoulou-Zanze I, Lao Y, Hannick SM, Ku YY, Vasudevan A. Discovery of Novel Aminotetralines and Aminochromanes as Selective and Competitive Glycine Transporter 1 (GlyT1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7503-7524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Willi Amberg
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Udo E. W. Lange
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Ochse
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Frauke Pohlki
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Berthold Behl
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Relo
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Wilfried Hornberger
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Carolin Hoft
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Mezler
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Research, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jens Sydor
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jason T. Brewer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Justin Dietrich
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Huanqiu Li
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | - Yanbin Lao
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven M. Hannick
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi-Yin Ku
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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27
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Lee SG, Yim YS, Lee YH, Lee BW, Kim HS, Kim KS, Lee YW, Kim JH. Fasting serum amino acids concentration is associated with insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 140:107-117. [PMID: 29601913 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated specific alterations in amino acids (AAs) profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) compared with healthy controls. In addition, we tried to find the mechanisms behind these AA alterations. METHODS Twenty AAs, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed in fasting serum samples from a total of 198 individuals (56 drug-naïve patients with T2DM, 69 patients IFG, and 73 healthy controls). The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell lines were used to examine the changes of MAFbx and MuRF1 expressions, which are muscle specific E3 ligases acting as major mediators of skeletal muscle proteolysis, after development of insulin resistance induced by palmitate treatment. RESULTS In addition to branched chain amino acids BCAAs, fasting serum AAs such as glutamic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, were higher in patients with T2DM and intermediately elevated in patients with IFG compared with normoglycemic controls. These serum AA concentrations positively correlated with fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, HOMA-IR and pro-inflammatory cytokines were two important independent predictors of serum AA levels. In vitro experiments showed that palmitate treatment in C2C12 myotubes induced insulin resistance, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and increased MAFbx gene and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The increase in fasting serum AAs can be an early manifestation of insulin resistance. Increased muscle proteolysis induced by insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines can be a possible mechanism for the rise in serum AA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Guk Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seal Yim
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Suk Kim
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Guevara-Cruz M, Vargas-Morales JM, Méndez-García AL, López-Barradas AM, Granados-Portillo O, Ordaz-Nava G, Rocha-Viggiano AK, Gutierrez-Leyte CA, Medina-Cerda E, Rosado JL, Morales JC, Torres N, Tovar AR, Noriega LG. Amino acid profiles of young adults differ by sex, body mass index and insulin resistance. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:393-401. [PMID: 29422298 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An increase in plasma branched-chain amino acids is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the basal plasma amino acid concentrations in young adults. Our aim was to determine the plasma amino acid profiles of young adults and to evaluate how these profiles were modified by sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a transversal study with 608 Mexican young adults aged 19.9 ± 2.4 years who were applicants to the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. The subjects underwent a physical examination and provided a clinical history and a blood sample for biochemical, hormonal and amino acid analyses. The women had higher levels of arginine, aspartate and serine and lower levels of α-aminoadipic acid, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine, urea and valine than the men. The obese subjects had higher levels of alanine, aspartate, cysteine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline and tyrosine and lower levels of glycine, ornithine and serine than the normal weight subjects. Subjects with IR (defined as HOMA > 2.5) had higher levels of arginine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, taurine and valine than the subjects without IR. Furthermore, we identified two main groups in the subjects with obesity and/or IR; one group was composed of amino acids that positively correlated with the clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, whereas the second group exhibited negative correlations. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that young adults with obesity or IR have altered amino acid profiles characterized by an increase in alanine, aspartate, proline and tyrosine and a decrease in glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J M Vargas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A L Méndez-García
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A M López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - O Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G Ordaz-Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A K Rocha-Viggiano
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C A Gutierrez-Leyte
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Medina-Cerda
- Centro de Salud Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J L Rosado
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - J C Morales
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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29
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Siomkajło M, Rybka J, Mierzchała-Pasierb M, Gamian A, Stankiewicz-Olczyk J, Bolanowski M, Daroszewski J. Specific plasma amino acid disturbances associated with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 2017; 58:553-562. [PMID: 29075976 PMCID: PMC5693976 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of the present study was to examine the association between branched chain and aromatic amino acid profiles (BCAA and AAA respectively) and the metabolic syndrome (MS), and to evaluate the clinical utility of these associations in the diagnostic process. METHODS Two hundred and sixty three healthy men with MS [MS(+): n = 165] and without MS [MS(-): n = 98] were enrolled in the observational study. Anthropometrical, biochemical, and amino acid measurements were performed. The ability of the BCAA and AAA to discriminate subjects with MS and insulin resistance was tested. Based on logistic discrimination, a multivariate early MS diagnostic model was built, and its discrimination properties were evaluated. RESULTS Two functionally independent amino acid clusters were identified. BCAA and phenylalanine differed significantly between MS(+) and MS(-) participants (P = 0.003). These factors were also found to be indicators of MS(+) individuals (AUC: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.5757-0.7469), and correlated with cardiometabolic factors. No statistically significant differences in amino acid concentrations between those with and without insulin resistance were noted, and none of the amino groups were indicators of insulin resistance. The proposed MS multivariate diagnostic model consisted of phenylalanine, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin, and had good discrimination properties [AUC 0.79; 95% CI: 0.7239-0.8646]. CONCLUSIONS MS is associated with selective BCAA and AAA profile disturbances, which could be part of cardiometabolic disease pathogenesis and derive neither directly from insulin sensitivity impairment, nor obesity or muscle mass. The MS diagnostic model developed and described herein should be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siomkajło
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Jacek Rybka
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigl 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigl 12, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Joanna Stankiewicz-Olczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteur 4, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
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30
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Okekunle AP, Li Y, Liu L, Du S, Wu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Qi J, Sun C, Feng R. Abnormal circulating amino acid profiles in multiple metabolic disorders. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 132:45-58. [PMID: 28783532 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate circulating amino acids (AA) profiles in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Serum AA were profiled among 200; healthy, obese, T2D and MetS subjects matched by sex, age and BMI using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS). A meta-analysis, including 47 case-control studies (including the current study) on serum AA in obesity, T2D and MetS searched through October 2016 was conducted to explore the AA differences in obesity, T2D and MetS. RESULTS In comparison with healthy controls, 14 AA (10 increased and 4 decreased) were significantly altered (P<0.05) in all non-healthy subjects. Also, mean differences of valine (obese: 34.13 [27.70, 40.56]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 19.49 [3.31, 35.68]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 29.18 [16.04, 42.33]µmol/L, P<0.001), glutamic acid (obese: 18.62 [11.64, 25.61]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 19.94 [0.28, 39.61]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 12.45 [3.98, 20.91]µmol/L, P<0.001), proline (obese: 16.72 [6.20, 27.24]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 20.72 [15.82, 25.61]µmol/L, P<0.001, MetS: 29.95 [25.18, 34.71]µmol/L, P<0.001) and isoleucine (obese: 11.39 [8.54, 14.24]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: 7.37 [1.52, 13.22]µmol/L, P<0.05, MetS: 10.40 [4.90, 15.89]µmol/L, P<0.001) were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Similarly, mean differences of glycine (obese: -30.99 [-39.69, -22.29]µmol/L, P<0.001, T2D: -30.37 [-41.80, -18.94]µmol/L, P<0.001 and MetS: -35.24 [-39.28, -31.21]µmol/L, P<0.001) were significantly lower compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION In both the case-control study and meta-analysis, obesity was related to the most circulating AA changes, followed by MetS and T2D. Valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and proline increased, while Glycine decreased in all metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China.
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Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Ghasemi A, Azizi F. Contribution of dietary amino acids composition to incidence of cardiovascular outcomes: A prospective population-based study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:633-641. [PMID: 28684082 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Considering the limited data on the cardiovascular effects of dietary amino acid intakes, we assessed possible association of dietary amino acids with the risk of cardiovascular (CVD) events in a prospective population-based study. METHODS Participants without CVD (n = 2369) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were followed for a mean of 6.7 years. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes were assessed at baseline (2006-2008); demographic, lifestyle and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examination (2012-2014). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of CVD across tertiles of dietary amino acids. RESULTS Mean total protein intake was 76.9 ± 27.5 g/d, and dietary protein had no significant association with the risk of CVD (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.65-2.31, and HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.19-1.41, in the second and third tertiles, respectively). After adjustment of potential confounders, the amino acid pattern with higher load of glycine, cysteine, arginine and tryptophan, was negatively associated with CVD (HR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.88, P for trend = 0.08). Higher intake of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine), and potentially cardioprotective amino acids (arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine and tyrosine) corresponded to 73% (HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09-0.86) and 74% (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.09-0.78) decreased risk of CVD events. Higher intake of glutamic acid and proline (% of dietary total protein) increased the risk of CVD (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03-1.64, and HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.10-1.60, respectively). CONCLUSION These novel data provide evidence to suggest that amino acid composition of diet may modify the risk of CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Student Research Committee, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Yan-Do R, MacDonald PE. Impaired "Glycine"-mia in Type 2 Diabetes and Potential Mechanisms Contributing to Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1064-1073. [PMID: 28323968 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The onset and/or progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented if intervention is early enough. As such, much effort has been placed on the search for indicators predictive of prediabetes and disease onset or progression. An increasing body of evidence suggests that changes in plasma glycine may be one such biomarker. Circulating glycine levels are consistently low in patients with T2D. Levels of this nonessential amino acid correlate negatively with obesity and insulin resistance. Plasma glycine correlates positively with glucose disposal, and rises with interventions such as exercise and bariatric surgery that improve glucose homeostasis. A role for glycine in the regulation of glucose, beyond being a potential biomarker, is less clear, however. Dietary glycine supplementation increases insulin, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves glucose tolerance. Emerging evidence suggests that glycine, a neurotransmitter, also acts directly on target tissues that include the endocrine pancreas and the brain via glycine receptors and as a coligand for N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors to control insulin secretion and liver glucose output, respectively. Here, we review the current evidence supporting a role for glycine in glucose homeostasis via its central and peripheral actions and changes that occur in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yan-Do
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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33
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Labonte CC, Farsijani S, Marliss EB, Gougeon R, Morais JA, Pereira S, Bassil M, Winter A, Murphy J, Combs TP, Chevalier S. Plasma Amino Acids vs Conventional Predictors of Insulin Resistance Measured by the Hyperinsulinemic Clamp. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:861-873. [PMID: 29264537 PMCID: PMC5686697 DOI: 10.1210/js.2016-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Specific plasma amino acid (AA) profiles including elevated postabsorptive branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with insulin resistance (IR), mostly estimated by homeostatic model assessment. This study assessed the associations of postabsorptive AAs with IR directly measured by insulin-mediated glucose disposal and determined the quantitative value of AAs and conventional IR predictors. Design: Fifty-one healthy, 31 overweight or obese (Ow/Ob), and 52 men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were studied retrospectively. The main outcome measures were the glucose disposal (M/I) index (using 3-[3H]-glucose) during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp and whole-body protein turnover (using 1-[13C]-leucine). Results: Compared with healthy participants, M/I was lower in Ow/Ob participants and lowest in those with T2D. BCAAs, glutamate, and lysine were higher in the Ow/Ob and T2D groups than in healthy participants; glycine and threonine were lower. Most AAs were higher in men. Principal component analysis identified component 1 (C1: BCAAs, methionine) and C3 (glycine, threonine, serine). Glutamate, C1, ornithine, lysine, methionine, and tyrosine correlated negatively with M/I; C3 and glycine correlated positively. Waist circumference and sex strongly influenced AA–IR relationships; only glutamate correlated after these factors were controlled for. From regression analysis, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFAs) negatively predicted 64% of the M/I variance; glutamate added 2% more. In nondiabetic participants, IR was predicted by waist circumference, insulin, and FFAs, without contribution from AAs. Conclusion: Several postabsorptive AAs correlated with IR but added limited predictive value to conventional markers because levels were determined largely by abdominal adiposity. Data suggest a sex-specific regulation of AA metabolism by excess adiposity, particularly the BCAAs, warranting investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherise C Labonte
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Samaneh Farsijani
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Errol B Marliss
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Réjeanne Gougeon
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Maya Bassil
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Aaron Winter
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jessica Murphy
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Terry P Combs
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
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Central adiposity-induced plasma-free amino acid alterations are associated with increased insulin resistance in healthy Singaporean adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1080-1087. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Ribel-Madsen A, Hellgren LI, Brøns C, Ribel-Madsen R, Newgard CB, Vaag AA. Plasma amino acid levels are elevated in young, healthy low birth weight men exposed to short-term high-fat overfeeding. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e13044. [PMID: 27956466 PMCID: PMC5260087 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) individuals exhibit a disproportionately increased, incomplete fatty acid oxidation and a decreased glucose oxidation, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals, and furthermore have an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that changes in amino acid metabolism may occur parallel to alterations in fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and could contribute to insulin resistance. Therefore, we measured fasting plasma levels of 15 individual or pools of amino acids in 18 LBW and 25 NBW men after an isocaloric control diet and after a 5-day high-fat, high-calorie diet. We demonstrated that LBW and NBW men increased plasma alanine levels and decreased valine and leucine/isoleucine levels in response to overfeeding. Also, LBW men had higher alanine, proline, methionine, citrulline, and total amino acid levels after overfeeding compared with NBW men. Alanine and total amino acid levels tended to be negatively associated with the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after overfeeding. Therefore, the higher amino acid levels in LBW men could be a consequence of their reduction in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity due to overfeeding with a possible increased skeletal muscle proteolysis and/or could potentially contribute to an impaired insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the alanine level was negatively associated with the plasma acetylcarnitine level and positively associated with the hepatic glucose production after overfeeding. Thus, the higher alanine level in LBW men could be accompanied by an increased anaplerotic formation of oxaloacetate and thereby an enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and as well an increased gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Ribel-Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars I Hellgren
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concentrations of plasma-free amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids, are associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and the future development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses recent progress in the early assessment of the risk of developing diabetes and the reversal of altered plasma-free amino acids through interventions. Additionally, recent developments that have increased the utility of amino acid profiling technology are also described. RECENT FINDINGS Plasma-free amino acid alterations in the early stage of lifestyle-related diseases are because of obesity and insulin resistance-related inflammation, and these alterations are reversed by appropriate (nutritional, drug, or surgical) interventions that improve insulin sensitivity. For clinical applications, procedures for measuring amino acids are being standardized and automated. SUMMARY Plasma-free amino acid profiles have potential as biomarkers for both assessing diabetes risk and monitoring the effects of strategies designed to lower that risk. In addition, the methodology for measuring amino acids has been refined, with the goal of routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- aInstitute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan bStanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA cCenter for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo dDepartment of Nursing, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan
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Yan-Do R, Duong E, Manning Fox JE, Dai X, Suzuki K, Khan S, Bautista A, Ferdaoussi M, Lyon J, Wu X, Cheley S, MacDonald PE, Braun M. A Glycine-Insulin Autocrine Feedback Loop Enhances Insulin Secretion From Human β-Cells and Is Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2311-21. [PMID: 27207556 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet β-cells is critical for glucose homeostasis. Disrupted insulin secretion underlies almost all forms of diabetes, including the most common form, type 2 diabetes (T2D). The control of insulin secretion is complex and affected by circulating nutrients, neuronal inputs, and local signaling. In the current study, we examined the contribution of glycine, an amino acid and neurotransmitter that activates ligand-gated Cl(-) currents, to insulin secretion from islets of human donors with and without T2D. We find that human islet β-cells express glycine receptors (GlyR), notably the GlyRα1 subunit, and the glycine transporter (GlyT) isoforms GlyT1 and GlyT2. β-Cells exhibit significant glycine-induced Cl(-) currents that promote membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) entry, and insulin secretion from β-cells from donors without T2D. However, GlyRα1 expression and glycine-induced currents are reduced in β-cells from donors with T2D. Glycine is actively cleared by the GlyT expressed within β-cells, which store and release glycine that acts in an autocrine manner. Finally, a significant positive relationship exists between insulin and GlyR, because insulin enhances the glycine-activated current in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner, a positive feedback loop that we find is completely lost in β-cells from donors with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yan-Do
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoqing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunimasa Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shara Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mourad Ferdaoussi
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xichen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Cheley
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Braun
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Harvie MN, Sims AH, Pegington M, Spence K, Mitchell A, Vaughan AA, Allwood JW, Xu Y, Rattray NJW, Goodacre R, Evans DGR, Mitchell E, McMullen D, Clarke RB, Howell A. Intermittent energy restriction induces changes in breast gene expression and systemic metabolism. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:57. [PMID: 27233359 PMCID: PMC4884347 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggest weight loss and energy restriction reduce breast cancer risk. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) reduces weight to the same extent as, or more than equivalent continuous energy restriction (CER) but the effects of IER on normal breast tissue and systemic metabolism as indicators of breast cancer risk are unknown. Methods We assessed the effect of IER (two days of 65 % energy restriction per week) for one menstrual cycle on breast tissue gene expression using Affymetrix GeneChips, adipocyte size by morphometry, and systemic metabolism (insulin resistance, lipids, serum and urine metabolites, lymphocyte gene expression) in 23 overweight premenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer. Unsupervised and supervised analyses of matched pre and post IER biopsies in 20 subjects were performed, whilst liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry assessed corresponding changes in serum and urine metabolites in all subjects after the two restricted and five unrestricted days of the IER. Results Women lost 4.8 % (±2.0 %) of body weight and 8.0 % (±5.0 %) of total body fat. Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)) reduced by 29.8 % (±17.8 %) on the restricted days and by 11 % (±34 %) on the unrestricted days of the IER. Five hundred and twenty-seven metabolites significantly increased or decreased during the two restricted days of IER. Ninety-one percent of these returned to baseline after 5 days of normal eating. Eleven subjects (55 %) displayed reductions in energy restriction-associated metabolic gene pathways including lipid synthesis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. Some of these women also had increases in genes associated with breast epithelial cell differentiation (secretoglobulins, milk proteins and mucins) and decreased collagen synthesis (TNMD, PCOLCE2, TIMP4). There was no appreciable effect of IER on breast gene expression in the other nine subjects. These groups did not differ in the degree of changes in weight, total body fat, fat cell size or serum or urine metabolomic markers. Corresponding gene changes were not seen in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Conclusion The transcriptional response to IER is variable in breast tissue, which was not reflected in the systemic response, which occurred in all subjects. The mechanisms of breast responsiveness/non-responsiveness require further investigation. Trial registration ISRCTN77916487 31/07/2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0714-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Harvie
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Carrington Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mary Pegington
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Katherine Spence
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Adam Mitchell
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew A Vaughan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - J William Allwood
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Yun Xu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nicolas J W Rattray
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ellen Mitchell
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Debbie McMullen
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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