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Liu R, Tang R, Li Y, Zhong Q, Cao Y, Yang Q. A novel function of benzoic acid to enhance intestinal barrier defense against PEDV infection in Piglets. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110152. [PMID: 38896938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier of newborn piglets is vulnerable and underdeveloped, making them susceptible to enteric virus infections. Benzoic acid (BA), employed as a growth promoter, exhibits the potential to enhance the gut health of piglets by modulating intestinal morphometry and tight junction dynamics. However, the extent to which BA regulates the intestinal mucus barrier through its impact on stem cells remains inadequately elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of BA on the intestinal barrier and the differentiation of intestinal stem cells, employing in vivo piglet and in vitro intestinal organoid models. Our investigation revealed a significant increase in the number of goblet cells within the small intestine, as well as the strengthening of the mucus barrier in vivo following oral treatment with BA, providing partial protection against PEDV infection in piglets. Additionally, in vitro cultivation of enteroids with BA led to a notable increase in the number of MUC2+ GCs, indicating the promotion of GC differentiation by BA. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of the number of GCs and the expression of cell vesicle transport-related genes during BA stimulation, accompanied by the downregulation of the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Mechanistically, MCT1 facilitated the transport of BA, subsequently activating the MAPK pathway to mediate GC differentiation. Overall, this study highlights a novel function for BA as a feed additive in enhancing the intestinal mucus barrier by promoting intestinal GC differentiation, and further prevents viral infection in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongfeng Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunlei Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. Better maintenance of enzymatic capacity and higher levels of substrate transporter proteins in skeletal muscle of aging female mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1100-1114. [PMID: 38710106 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated sex-specific differences in high-energy phosphate, glycolytic, and mitochondrial enzyme activities and also metabolite transporter protein levels in the skeletal muscles of adult (5 months old), middle-aged (12 months old), and advanced-aged (24 months old) mice. While gastrocnemius glycogen content increased with age regardless of sex, gastrocnemius triglyceride levels increased only in advanced-aged female mice. Aging decreased creatine kinase and adenylate kinase activities in the plantaris muscle of both sexes and in the soleus muscle of male mice but not in female mice. Irrespective of sex, phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities decreased in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Additionally, hexokinase activity in the plantaris muscle and LDH activity in the soleus muscle decreased to a greater extent in aged male mice compared with those in aged female mice. Mitochondrial enzyme activities increased in the plantaris muscle of aged female mice but did not change in male mice. The protein content of the glucose transporter 4 in the aged plantaris muscle and fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 increased in the aged plantaris and soleus muscles of both sexes, with a significantly higher content in female mice. These findings suggest that females possess a better ability to maintain metabolic enzyme activity and higher levels of metabolite transport proteins in skeletal muscle during aging, despite alterations in lipid metabolism. Our data provide a basis for studying muscle metabolism in the context of age-dependent metabolic perturbations and diseases that affect females and males differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Qi Z, Huang C, Yang L, Lin D. Lactate-induced metabolic remodeling and myofiber type transitions via activation of the Ca 2+-NFATC1 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31290. [PMID: 38686599 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate can serve as both an energy substrate and a signaling molecule, exerting diverse effects on skeletal muscle physiology. Due to the apparently positive effects, it would be interesting to consider it as a sports supplement. However, the mechanism behind these effects are yet to be comprehensively understood. In this study, we observed that lactate administration could improve the ability of antifatigue, and we further found that lactate upregulated the expression of myosin heavy chain (MYHC I) and MYHC IIa, while downregulating the expression of MYHC IIb. Besides, transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile of gastrocnemius muscle following lactate administration. Furthermore, lactate enhanced the activities of metabolic enzymes, including HK, LDHB, IDH, SDM, and MDH, and promoted the expression of lactate transport-related proteins MCT1 and CD147, thereby improving the transport and utilization of lactate in both vivo and vitro. More importantly, lactate administration increased cellular Ca2+ concentration and facilitated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATC1) in myotubes, whereas inhibition of NFATC1 significantly attenuated the effects of lactate treatment on NFATC1 nuclear translocation and MyHC expression. Our results elucidate the ability of lactate to induce metabolic remodeling in skeletal muscle and promote myofiber-type transitions by activating the Ca2+-NFATC1 signaling pathway. This study is useful in exploring the potential of lactate as a nutritional supplement for skeletal muscle adaptation and contributing to a mechanistic understanding of the central role of lactate in exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen Qi
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Komiya Y, Sakazaki Y, Goto T, Kawabata F, Suzuki T, Sato Y, Sawano S, Nakamura M, Tatsumi R, Ikeuchi Y, Arihara K, Mizunoya W. Eicosapentaenoic acid increases proportion of type 1 muscle fibers through PPARδ and AMPK pathways in rats. iScience 2024; 27:109816. [PMID: 38779480 PMCID: PMC11108975 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle fiber type composition (% slow-twitch and % fast-twitch fibers) is associated with metabolism, with increased slow-twitch fibers alleviating metabolic disorders. Previously, we reported that dietary fish oil intake induced a muscle fiber-type transition in a slower direction in rats. The aim of this study was to determine the functionality of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a unique fatty acid in fish oil, to skeletal muscle fiber type and metabolism in rats. Here, we showed that dietary EPA promotes whole-body oxidative metabolism and improves muscle function by increasing proportion of slow-twitch type 1 fibers in rats. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that EPA supplementation activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in L6 myotube cultures, which potentially increasing slow-twitch fiber share. This highlights the role of EPA as an exercise-mimetic dietary component that improves metabolism and muscle function, with potential benefits for health and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Yuka Sakazaki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawabata
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ikeuchi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Rappelt L, Held S, Micke F, Wiedenmann T, Deutsch JP, Kleinöder H, Donath L. Handcycling with concurrent lower body low-frequency electromyostimulation significantly increases acute oxygen uptake in elite wheelchair basketball players: an acute crossover trial. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm40028. [PMID: 38850087 PMCID: PMC11182031 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.40028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wheelchair basketball (WCB) demands high-intensity training due to its intermittent nature. However, acute oxygen uptake (V˙O2) in handcycling is restricted. Combining handcycling with low-frequency electromyostimulation (LF-EMS) may enhance V˙O2 in elite WBC athletes. DESIGN Randomized crossover trail. SUBJECTS Twelve German national team WCB players (age: 25.6 [5.6] years, height: 1.75 [0.16] m, mass: 74.0 [21.7] kg, classification: 2.92 [1.26]). METHOD Participants underwent 2×5 min of handcycling (60 rpm, ¾ bodyweight resistance in watts) (HANDCYCLE) and 2×5 min of handcycling with concurrent LF-EMS (EMS_HANDCYCLE). LF-EMS (4Hz, 350µs, continuous stimulation) targeted gluteal, quadriceps, and calf muscles, adjusted to individual pain thresholds (buttocks: 69.5 [22.3] mA, thighs: 66.8 [20.0] mA, calves: 68.9 [31.5] mA). RESULTS Significant mode-dependent differences between HANDCYCLE and EMS_HANDCYCLE were found in V˙O2 (17.60 [3.57] vs 19.23 [4.37] ml min-1 kg-1, p = 0.001) and oxygen pulse (16.69 [4.51] vs 18.41 [5.17] ml, p = 0.002). ΔLactate was significantly lower in HANDCYCLE (0.04 [0.28] vs 0.31 [0.26] mmol l-1). Although perceived effort did not differ (p = 0.293), discomfort was rated lower in HANDCYCLE (1.44 [1.28] vs 3.94 [2.14], p = 0.002). CONCLUSION LF-EMS applied to the lower extremities increases oxygen demand during submaximal handcycling. Thus, longitudinal application of LF-EMS should be investigated as a potential training stimulus to improve aerobic capacity in wheelchair athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Rappelt
- 1Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Sport and Management, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Micke
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Sport and Management, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Wiedenmann
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Deutsch
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. Effects of endurance training under calorie restriction on energy substrate metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle and liver. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:32. [PMID: 38849720 PMCID: PMC11157813 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether calorie restriction (CR) enhances metabolic adaptations to endurance training (ET). Ten-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed ad libitum or subjected to 30% CR. The mice were subdivided into sedentary and ET groups. The ET group performed treadmill running (20-25 m/min, 30 min, 5 days/week) for 5 weeks. We found that CR decreased glycolytic enzyme activity and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4 protein content, while enhancing glucose transporter 4 protein content in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Although ET and CR individually increased citrate synthase activity in the plantaris muscle, the ET-induced increase in respiratory chain complex I protein content was counteracted by CR. In the soleus muscle, mitochondrial enzyme activity and protein levels were increased by ET, but decreased by CR. It has been suggested that CR partially interferes with skeletal muscle adaptation to ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Benítez-Muñoz JA, Cupeiro R, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Amigo T, González-Lamuño D. Exercise influence on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) in the skeletal muscle: A systematic review. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14083. [PMID: 38240467 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to systematically analyze the effect of exercise on muscle MCT protein levels and mRNA expression of their respective genes, considering exercise intensity, and duration (single-exercise session and training program) in humans and rodents, to observe whether both models offer aligned results. The review also aims to report methodological aspects that need to be improved in future studies. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was followed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 studies were included and evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration tool for risk of bias assessment. The main findings indicate that exercise is a powerful stimulus to increase MCT1 protein content in human muscle. MCT4 protein level increases can also be observed after a training program, although its responsiveness is lower compared to MCT1. Both transporters seem to change independently of exercise intensity, but the responses that occur with each intensity and each duration need to be better defined. The effect of exercise on muscle mRNA results is less defined, and more research is needed especially in humans. Moreover, results in rodents only agree with human results on the effect of a training program on MCT1 protein levels, indicating increases in both. Finally, we addressed important and feasible methodological aspects to improve the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Benítez-Muñoz
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Teresa Amigo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria-Hospital M. Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria-Hospital M. Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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Mukai K, Ohmura H, Takahashi Y, Ebisuda Y, Yoneda K, Miyata H. Physiological and skeletal muscle responses to high-intensity interval exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1241266. [PMID: 38026631 PMCID: PMC10679931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1241266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute high-intensity interval exercise or sprint interval exercise induces greater physiological and skeletal muscle responses compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in horses. Methods In a randomized crossover design, eight trained Thoroughbred horses performed three treadmill exercise protocols consisting of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (6 min at 70% VO2max; MICT), high-intensity interval exercise (6 × 30 s at 100% VO2max; HIIT), and sprint interval exercise (6 × 15 s at 120% VO2max; SIT). Arterial blood samples were collected to measure blood gas variables and plasma lactate concentration. Biopsy samples were obtained from the gluteus medius muscle before, immediately after, 4 h, and 24 h after exercise for biochemical analysis, western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. Effects of time and exercise protocol were analyzed using mixed models (p < 0.05). Results Heart rate and plasma lactate concentration at the end of exercise were higher in HIIT and SIT than those in MICT (heart rate, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0005; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0015; lactate, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0014; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0003). Arterial O2 saturation and arterial pH in HIIT and SIT were lower compared with MICT (SaO2, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0035; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0265; pH, HIIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0011; SIT vs. MICT, p = 0.0023). Muscle glycogen content decreased significantly in HIIT (p = 0.0004) and SIT (p = 0.0016) immediately after exercise, but not in MICT (p = 0.19). Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in HIIT showed a significant increase immediately after exercise (p = 0.014), but the increase was not significant in MICT (p = 0.13) and SIT (p = 0.39). At 4 h after exercise, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α mRNA increased in HIIT (p = 0.0027) and SIT (p = 0.0019) and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA increased in SIT (p = 0.0002). Discussion Despite an equal run distance, HIIT and SIT cause more severe arterial hypoxemia and lactic acidosis compared with MICT. In addition, HIIT activates the AMPK signaling cascade, and HIIT and SIT elevate mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas MICT did not induce any significant changes to these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Mukai
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohmura
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yusaku Ebisuda
- Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Koki Yoneda
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyata
- Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Barayan D, Khalaf F, Knuth CM, Abdullahi A, Rehou S, Screaton RA, Jeschke MG. Reply to Lund et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E423-E424. [PMID: 37812085 PMCID: PMC10642985 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00283.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Barayan
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fadi Khalaf
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly M Knuth
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdikarim Abdullahi
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rehou
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Lund J, Breum AW, Gil C, Falk S, Sass F, Isidor MS, Dmytriyeva O, Ranea-Robles P, Mathiesen CV, Basse AL, Johansen OS, Fadahunsi N, Lund C, Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Ma T, Emanuelli B, Kleinert M, Sørensen CM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Clemmensen C. The anorectic and thermogenic effects of pharmacological lactate in male mice are confounded by treatment osmolarity and co-administered counterions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:677-698. [PMID: 37055619 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is a circulating metabolite and a signalling molecule with pleiotropic physiological effects. Studies suggest that lactate modulates energy balance by lowering food intake, inducing adipose browning and increasing whole-body thermogenesis. Yet, like many other metabolites, lactate is often commercially produced as a counterion-bound salt and typically administered in vivo through hypertonic aqueous solutions of sodium L-lactate. Most studies have not controlled for injection osmolarity and the co-injected sodium ions. Here, we show that the anorectic and thermogenic effects of exogenous sodium L-lactate in male mice are confounded by the hypertonicity of the injected solutions. Our data reveal that this is in contrast to the antiobesity effect of orally administered disodium succinate, which is uncoupled from these confounders. Further, our studies with other counterions indicate that counterions can have confounding effects beyond lactate pharmacology. Together, these findings underscore the importance of controlling for osmotic load and counterions in metabolite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alberte Wollesen Breum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cláudia Gil
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederike Sass
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Sand Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Akter M, Ma H, Hasan M, Karim A, Zhu X, Zhang L, Li Y. Exogenous L-lactate administration in rat hippocampus increases expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1117146. [PMID: 37008779 PMCID: PMC10062455 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
L-lactate plays a critical role in learning and memory. Studies in rats showed that administration of exogenous L-lactate into the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus (HPC) improved decision-making and enhanced long-term memory formation, respectively. Although the molecular mechanisms by which L-lactate confers its beneficial effect are an active area of investigations, one recent study found that L-lactate supplementation results in a mild reactive oxygen species burst and induction of pro-survival pathways. To further investigate the molecular changes induced by L-lactate, we injected rats with either L-lactate or artificial CSF bilaterally into the dorsal HPC and collected the HPC after 60 minutes for mass spectrometry. We identified increased levels of several proteins that include SIRT3, KIF5B, OXR1, PYGM, and ATG7 in the HPC of the L-lactate treated rats. SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3) is a key regulator of mitochondrial functions and homeostasis and protects cells against oxidative stress. Further experiments identified increased expression of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial proteins (ATPB, Cyt-c) as well as increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in the HPC of L-lactate treated rats. OXR1 (Oxidation resistance protein 1) is known to maintain mitochondrial stability. It mitigates the deleterious effects of oxidative damage in neurons by inducing a resistance response against oxidative stress. Together, our study suggests that L-lactate can induce expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. These findings create new research avenues to explore their contribution to the L-lactate’s beneficial effect in cognitive functions as these cellular responses might enable neurons to generate more ATP to meet energy demand of neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity as well as attenuate the associated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anwarul Karim
- School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Li,
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12
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Kitaoka Y, Takahashi K, Hatta H. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1 and 4 reduces exercise capacity in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15457. [PMID: 36065874 PMCID: PMC9446403 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of lactate shuttle is widely accepted in exercise physiology. Lactate transport is mediated by monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), which enable cells to take up and release lactate. However, the role of lactate during exercise has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of lactate transport inhibition on exercise capacity and metabolism in mice. Here, we demonstrated that MCT1 inhibition by α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate administration (4-CIN, 200 mg/g of body weight) reduced the treadmill running duration at 20 m/min. The administration of 4-CIN increased the blood lactate concentration immediately after exercise. With matched exercise duration, the muscle lactate concentration was higher while muscle glycogen content was lower in 4-CIN-administered mice. Further, we showed that MCT4 inhibition by bindarit administration (50 mg/kg of body weight) reduced the treadmill running duration at 40 m/min. Bindarit administration increased the muscle lactate but did not alter the blood lactate and glucose concentrations, as well as muscle glycogen content, immediately after exercise. A negative correlation was observed between exercise duration at 40 m/min and muscle lactate concentration immediately after exercise. Our results suggest that lactate transport via MCT1 and MCT4 plays a pivotal role in sustaining exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human SciencesKanagawa UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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13
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Shirai T, Kitaoka Y, Uemichi K, Tokinoya K, Takeda K, Takemasa T. Effects of lactate administration on hypertrophy and mTOR signaling activation in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15436. [PMID: 35993446 PMCID: PMC9393907 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a metabolic product of glycolysis and has recently been shown to act as a signaling molecule that induces adaptations in oxidative metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether lactate administration enhanced muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis responses during resistance exercise in animal models. We used male ICR mice (7-8 weeks old) were used for chronic (mechanical overload induced by synergist ablation: [OL]) and acute (high-intensity muscle contraction by electrical stimulation: [ES]) resistance exercise models. The animals were intraperitoneally administrated a single dose of sodium lactate (1 g/kg of body weight) in the ES study, and once a day for 14 consecutive days in the OL study. Two weeks of mechanical overload increased plantaris muscle wet weight (main effect of OL: p < 0.05) and fiber cross-sectional area (main effect of OL: p < 0.05), but those were not affected by lactate administration. Following the acute resistance exercise by ES, protein synthesis and phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6, which are downstream molecules in the anabolic signaling cascade, were increased (main effect of ES: p < 0.05), but lactate administration had no effect. This study demonstrated that exogenous lactate administration has little effect on the muscle hypertrophic response during resistance exercise using acute ES and chronic OL models. Our results do not support the hypothesis that elevated blood lactate concentration induces protein synthesis responses in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion ScienceChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human SciencesKanagawa UniversityYokohama‐shiKanagawaJapan
| | - Kazuki Uemichi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion ScienceChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesGraduate School of Human Health SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachiojiTokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- School of Political Science and EconomicsMeiji UniversitySuginami‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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14
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Takahashi K, Tamura Y, Kitaoka Y, Matsunaga Y, Hatta H. Effects of Lactate Administration on Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920034. [PMID: 35845998 PMCID: PMC9280083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that mitochondrial respiratory function contributes to exercise performance and metabolic health. Given that lactate is considered a potential signaling molecule that induces mitochondrial adaptations, we tested the hypothesis that lactate would change mitochondrial respiratory function in skeletal muscle. Male ICR mice (8 weeks old) received intraperitoneal injection of PBS or sodium lactate (1 g/kg BW) 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from freshly excised gastrocnemius muscle using differential centrifugation and were used for all analyses. Lactate administration significantly enhanced pyruvate + malate- and glutamate + malate-induced (complex I-driven) state 3 (maximal/ATP synthesis-coupled) respiration, but not state 2 (basal/proton conductance) respiration. In contrast, lactate administration significantly decreased succinate + rotenone-induced (complex II-driven) state 3 and 2 respiration. No significant differences were observed in malate + octanoyl-l-carnitine-induced state 3 or 2 respiration. The enzymatic activity of complex I was tended to increase and those of complexes I + III and IV were significantly increased after lactate administration. No differences were observed in the activities of complexes II or II + III. Moreover, lactate administration increased the protein content of NDUFS4, a subunit of complex I, but not those of the other components. The present findings suggest that lactate alters mitochondrial respiratory function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsunaga
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hideo Hatta,
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15
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. Effects of endurance training on metabolic enzyme activity and transporter protein levels in the skeletal muscles of orchiectomized mice. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:14. [PMID: 35768774 PMCID: PMC10717707 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether endurance training attenuates orchiectomy (ORX)-induced metabolic alterations. At 7 days of recovery after sham operation or ORX surgery, the mice were randomized to remain sedentary or undergo 5 weeks of treadmill running training (15-20 m/min, 60 min, 5 days/week). ORX decreased glycogen concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle, enhanced phosphofructokinase activity in the plantaris muscle, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Mitochondrial enzyme activities and protein content in the plantaris and soleus muscles were also decreased after ORX, but preserved, in part, by endurance training. In the treadmill running test (15 m/min, 60 min) after 4 weeks of training, orchiectomized sedentary mice showed impaired exercise performance, which was restored by endurance training. Thus, endurance training could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the hypoandrogenism-induced decline in muscle mitochondrial content and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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16
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Rappelt L, Held S, Donath L. Handcycling with concurrent lower body low-frequency electromyostimulation significantly increases acute oxygen uptake: implications for rehabilitation and prevention. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13333. [PMID: 35607449 PMCID: PMC9123886 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute increases in exercise-induced oxygen uptake (V̇O2) is crucial for aerobic training adaptations and depends on how much muscle mass is involved during exercising. Thus, handcycling is per se limited for higher maximal oxygen uptakes (V̇O2max) due to restricted muscle involvement. Handcycling with additional and simultaneous application of low-frequency electromyostimulation (EMS) to the lower extremities might be a promising stimulus to improve aerobic capacity in disabled and rehabilitative populations. Method Twenty-six healthy young adults (13 female, age: 23.4 ± 4.5 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m, mass: 71.7 ± 16.7 kg) completed 4 ×10 minutes of sitting (SIT), sitting with concurrent EMS (EMS_SIT), handcycling (60 rpm, 1/2 bodyweight as resistance in watts) (HANDCYCLE) and handcycling with concurrent EMS of the lower extremities (EMS_HANDCYCLE). During EMS_SIT and EMS_HANDCYCLE, low frequency EMS (impulse frequency: 4Hz, impulse width: 350 µs, continuous stimulation) was applied to gluteal, quadriceps and calf muscles. The stimulation intensity was selected so that the perceived pain could be sustained for a duration of 10 minutes (gluteus: 80.0 ± 22.7 mA, quadriceps: 94.5 ± 20.5 mA, calves: 77.5 ± 19.1 mA). Results Significant mode-dependent changes of V̇O2 were found (p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.852). Subsequent post-hoc testing indicated significant difference between SIT vs. EMS_SIT (4.70 ± 0.75 vs. 10.61 ± 4.28 ml min-1 kg-1, p < 0.001), EMS_SIT vs. HANDCYCLE (10.61 ± 4.28 vs. 13.52 ± 1.40 ml min-1 kg-1, p = 0.005), and between HANDCYCLE vs. EMS_HANDCYCLE (13.52 ± 1.40 vs. 18.98 ± 4.89 ml min-1 kg-1, p = 0.001). Conclusion Handcycling with simultaneous lower body low-frequency EMS application elicits notably higher oxygen uptake during rest and moderately loaded handcycling and may serve as an additional cardiocirculatory training stimuli for improvements in aerobic capacity in wheelchair and rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Mang ZA, Ducharme JB, Mermier C, Kravitz L, de Castro Magalhaes F, Amorim F. Aerobic Adaptations to Resistance Training: The Role of Time under Tension. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:829-839. [PMID: 35088396 DOI: 10.1055/a-1664-8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Generally, skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are perceived through a dichotomous lens where the metabolic stress imposed by aerobic training leads to increased mitochondrial adaptations while the mechanical tension from resistance training leads to myofibrillar adaptations. However, there is emerging evidence for cross over between modalities where aerobic training stimulates traditional adaptations to resistance training (e.g., hypertrophy) and resistance training stimulates traditional adaptations to aerobic training (e.g., mitochondrial biogenesis). The latter is the focus of the current review in which we propose high-volume resistance training (i.e., high time under tension) leads to aerobic adaptations such as angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased oxidative capacity. As time under tension increases, skeletal muscle energy turnover, metabolic stress, and ischemia also increase, which act as signals to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, which is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. For practical application, the acute stress and chronic adaptations to three specific forms of high-time under tension are also discussed: Slow-tempo, low-intensity resistance training, and drop-set resistance training. These modalities of high-time under tension lead to hallmark adaptations to resistance training such as muscle endurance, hypertrophy, and strength, but little is known about their effect on traditional aerobic training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Aaron Mang
- Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Jeremy B Ducharme
- Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico - Albuquerque, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Christine Mermier
- Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Len Kravitz
- Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Flavio de Castro Magalhaes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amorim
- Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
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18
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Cunha T, Vieira J, Santos J, Coelho M, Brum P, Gabriel-Costa D. Lactate modulates cardiac gene expression in mice during acute physical exercise. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11820. [PMID: 35588524 PMCID: PMC9054034 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the role of lactate as a signaling
molecule in cardiac tissue under physiological conditions. C57BL6/J male mice
were submitted to acute running bouts on a treadmill at different exercise
intensities (30, 60, and 90% of maximal speed - Smax) under the effect of two
doses (0.5 and 5 mM) of α-cyano-4-hydroxycynnamate (CINN), a blocker of lactate
transporters. Cardiac lactate levels, activity of the enzymes of glycolytic
[hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and oxidative metabolism
[citrate synthase (CS)], and expression of genes also related to metabolism
[LDH, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
(NRF-2), cytochrome oxidase IV (COX-IV),
and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
(PGC-1α)] were evaluated. Elevated cardiac lactate levels
were observed after high intensity running at 90% of Smax, which were parallel
to increased activity of the HK and CS enzymes and mRNA levels of
PGC-1α and COX-IV. No changes were
observed in cardiac lactate levels in mice running at lower exercise
intensities. Interestingly, prior intraperitoneal administration (15 min) of
CINN (0.5 mM) significantly reduced cardiac lactate concentration, activities of
HK and CS, and mRNA levels of PGC-1α and
COX-IV in mice that ran at 90% of Smax. In addition,
cardiac lactate levels were significantly correlated to both
PGC-1α and COX-IV cardiac gene expression.
The present study provides evidence that cardiac lactate levels are associated
to gene transcription during an acute bout of high intensity running
exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.F. Cunha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Paulista, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - D. Gabriel-Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade da Força Aérea, Força Aérea Brasileira, Brasil
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19
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Effects of Light Pedaling Added to Contrast Water Immersion for Recovery after Exhaustive Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413068. [PMID: 34948678 PMCID: PMC8700944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For years, athletes and coaches have been looking for new strategies to optimize post-exercise recovery; it has recently been suggested that combining several methods might be a great option. This study therefore aimed to investigate the efficacy of contrast water therapy (CWT) used alone or associated with pedaling to recover from exhaustive exercise. After high-intensity intermittent exercise, 33 participants underwent 30 min of either (i) passive rest (PASSIVE), (ii) CWT with pedaling while in water (COMB) or (iii) classic CWT (CWT). Blood lactate concentration, countermovement jump height and perceived exhaustion were recorded before exercise, immediately after, after recovery interventions and after an additional 30 min of passive rest. Blood lactate concentration returned to initial values after 30 min of COMB (5.9 mmol/L), whereas in the other conditions even 60 min was not enough (10.2 and 9.6 mmol/L for PASSIVE and CWT, respectively, p < 0.05). Jump height was close to initial values after 30 min of CWT (37.3 cm), whereas values were still depressed after 60 min in the PASSIVE (36.0 cm) and COMB (35.7 cm) conditions (p < 0.05). Perceived exertion was still high for all conditions after 60 min. The present results are in favor of the utilization of CWT after exhaustive exercise, but the modality has to be chosen depending on what comes next (subsequent exercise scheduled in the following hours or further away).
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20
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Shirai T, Uemichi K, Hidaka Y, Kitaoka Y, Takemasa T. Effect of lactate administration on mouse skeletal muscle under calorie restriction. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:202-208. [PMID: 34746839 PMCID: PMC8562144 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) involves a reductions of calorie intake without altering the nutritional balance, and has many beneficial effects, such as improving oxidative metabolism and extending lifespan. However, CR decreases in skeletal muscle mass and fat mass in correlation with the reduction in food intake. Lactate is known to have potential as a signaling molecule rather than a metabolite during exercise. In this study, we examined the effects of the combination of caloric restriction and lactate administration on skeletal muscle adaptation in order to elucidate a novel role of lactate. We first demonstrated that daily lactate administration (equivalent to 1 g/kg of body weight) for 2 weeks suppressed CR-induced muscle atrophy by activating mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, a muscle protein synthesis pathway, and inhibited autophagy-induced muscle degradation. Next, we found that lactate administration under calorie restriction enhanced mitochondrial enzyme activity (citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase) and the expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression. Our results suggest that lactate administration under caloric restriction not only suppresses muscle atrophy but also improves mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion Science, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemichi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Hidaka
- School of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 221-8686 Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
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21
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Matsunaga Y, Hatta H. Lactate administration does not affect denervation-induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2836-2844. [PMID: 34510821 PMCID: PMC8487050 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is considered to be a signaling molecule that induces mitochondrial adaptation and muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether lactate administration attenuates denervation-induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass. Eight-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection surgery. The contralateral hindlimb served as a sham-operated control. From the day of surgery, mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS or sodium lactate (equivalent to 1 g·kg-1 body weight) once daily for 9 days. After 10 days of denervation, gastrocnemius muscle weight decreased to a similar extent in both the PBS- and lactate-injected groups. Denervation significantly decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity, protein content, and MCT4 protein content in the gastrocnemius muscle. However, lactate administration did not have any significant effects. The current observations suggest that daily lactate administration for 9 days does not affect denervation-induced loss of mitochondrial content and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports SciencesThe University of TokyoMeguro‐kuJapan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human SciencesKanagawa UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Yutaka Matsunaga
- Department of Sports SciencesThe University of TokyoMeguro‐kuJapan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports SciencesThe University of TokyoMeguro‐kuJapan
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22
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Olfati A, Tvrda E. Riboflavin recovery of spermatogenic dysfunction via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway in arsenic-injured rat model. Physiol Res 2021; 70:591-603. [PMID: 34062077 PMCID: PMC8820542 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of a global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2, VB2) as a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the spermatogenic enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore potential beneficial roles of VB2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=8/group) and challenged as follows (for 30 days continuously): Group 1 received normal saline; Group 2 was treated with 3 mg As2O3/L; Group 3 received 40 mg VB2/L; Group 4 received 3 mg As2O3/L + 40 mg VB2/L. Both As2O3 and VB2 were dissolved in deionized water. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were assessed for the oxidative profile, while TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were evaluated for the antioxidant system, in both serum and testicular tissue. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and testis volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p<0.05). Furthermore, MDA content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p<0.05). Likewise, TAS and the activities of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD were reduced (p<0.05) when compared to the control. As(2)O(3) induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine assays mirrored the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1 and Mfn2. The p38 gene, responsible to stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Meanwhile, exposure to VB2 led to a significant decrease of the expression levels of mitophagy related genes. Our study revealed that VB2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and a regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olfati
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Acute Administration of Exogenous Lactate Increases Carbohydrate Metabolism during Exercise in Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080553. [PMID: 34436494 PMCID: PMC8402126 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous lactate administration before exercise on energy substrate utilization during exercise. Mice were divided into exercise control (EX) and exercise with lactate intake (EXLA) groups; saline/lactate was administered 30 min before exercise. Respiratory gas was measured during moderate intensity treadmill exercise (30 min). Immediately after exercise, blood, liver, and skeletal muscle samples were collected and mRNA levels of energy metabolism-related and metabolic factors were analyzed. At 16–30 min of exercise, the respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.045) and carbohydrate oxidation level (p = 0.014) were significantly higher in the EXLA than in the EX group. Immediately after exercise, the muscle and liver glycogen content and blood glucose level of the EXLA group were lower than those of the EX group. In addition, muscle mRNA levels of HK2 (hexokinase 2; p = 0.009), a carbohydrate oxidation-related factor, were higher in the EXLA than in the EX group, whereas the expression of PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; p = 0.001), CS (citrate synthase; p = 0.045), and CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36; p = 0.002), factors related to oxidative metabolism, was higher in the EX than in the EXLA group. These results suggest that lactate can be used in various research fields to promote carbohydrate metabolism.
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Fritzen AM, Lundsgaard AM, Kiens B. Tuning fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle with dietary fat and exercise. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:683-696. [PMID: 32963340 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both the consumption of a diet rich in fatty acids and exercise training result in similar adaptations in several skeletal muscle proteins. These adaptations are involved in fatty acid uptake and activation within the myocyte, the mitochondrial import of fatty acids and further metabolism of fatty acids by β-oxidation. Fatty acid availability is repeatedly increased postprandially during the day, particularly during high dietary fat intake and also increases during, and after, aerobic exercise. As such, fatty acids are possible signalling candidates that regulate transcription of target genes encoding proteins involved in muscle lipid metabolism. The mechanism of signalling might be direct or indirect targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by fatty acid ligands, by fatty acid-induced NAD+-stimulated activation of sirtuin 1 and/or fatty acid-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Lactate might also have a role in lipid metabolic adaptations. Obesity is characterized by impairments in fatty acid oxidation capacity, and individuals with obesity show some rigidity in increasing fatty acid oxidation in response to high fat intake. However, individuals with obesity retain improvements in fatty acid oxidation capacity in response to exercise training, thereby highlighting exercise training as a potential method to improve lipid metabolic flexibility in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Green fluorescent protein-based lactate and pyruvate indicators suitable for biochemical assays and live cell imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19562. [PMID: 33177605 PMCID: PMC7659002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, whereas fermentation can then produce lactate from pyruvate. Here, we developed single fluorescent protein (FP)-based lactate and pyruvate indicators with low EC50 for trace detection of metabolic molecules and live cell imaging and named them “Green Lindoblum” and “Green Pegassos,” respectively. Green Lindoblum (EC50 of 30 µM for lactate) and Green Pegassos (EC50 of 70 µM for pyruvate) produced a 5.2- and 3.3-fold change in fluorescence intensity in response to lactate and pyruvate, respectively. Green Lindoblum measured lactate levels in mouse plasma, and Green Pegassos in combination with D-serine dehydratase successfully estimated D-serine levels released from mouse primary cultured neurons and astrocytes by measuring pyruvate level. Furthermore, live cell imaging analysis revealed their utility for dual-colour imaging, and the interplay between lactate, pyruvate, and Ca2+ in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Therefore, Green Lindoblum and Green Pegassos will be useful tools that detect specific molecules in clinical use and monitor the interplay of metabolites and other related molecules in diverse cell types.
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Response of Blood Biomarkers to Sprint Interval Swimming. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:1442-1447. [PMID: 32963121 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the effects of 2 sprint interval training (SIT) sets of different distances on biochemical markers indicative of metabolism, stress, and antioxidant capacity in competitive swimmers and, to investigate the potential influence of gender on these markers. METHODS Twenty-four adolescent, well-trained swimmers (12 men and 12 women) participated in the study. In a random and counterbalanced order, the swimmers completed 2 SIT sets (8 × 50 m and 8 × 25 m) in freestyle with maximal intensity on different days. Work-to-rest ratio was 1:1 in both sets. Blood samples were drawn preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 hour postexercise to evaluate the effects of the SIT sets on a number of biochemical parameters. RESULTS Swimming speed was higher at 8 × 25 m. The 2 SIT sets induced significant increases in lactate, glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and uric acid (P ≤ .001). No differences in these parameters were found between sets, except for irisin (higher in 8 × 50 m; P = .02). Male swimmers were faster and had higher lactate and uric acid concentrations, as well as lower reduced glutathione concentration, than female swimmers (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The 2 swimming SIT sets induced increases in most of the biochemical markers studied. The 2-fold difference between sets in distance did not differentiate the effects of sprint interval exercise on most biochemical parameters. Thus, low-volume SIT sets seem to be effective stimuli for competitive swimmers.
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Matsunaga Y, Hatta H. Effect of post-exercise lactate administration on glycogen repletion and signaling activation in different types of mouse skeletal muscle. Curr Res Physiol 2020; 3:34-43. [PMID: 34746818 PMCID: PMC8562145 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is not merely a metabolic intermediate that serves as an oxidizable and glyconeogenic substrate, but it is also a potential signaling molecule. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether lactate administration enhances post-exercise glycogen repletion in association with cellular signaling activation in different types of skeletal muscle. Eight-week-old male ICR mice performed treadmill running (20 m/min for 60 min) following overnight fasting (16 h). Immediately after the exercise, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline or sodium lactate (equivalent to 1 g/kg body weight), followed by oral ingestion of water or glucose (2 g/kg body weight). At 60 min of recovery, glucose ingestion enhanced glycogen content in the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. In addition, lactate injection additively increased glycogen content in the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles, but not in the soleus muscle. Nevertheless, lactate administration did not significantly alter protein levels related to glucose uptake and oxidation in the plantaris muscle, but enhanced phosphorylation of TBC1D1, a distal protein regulating GLUT4 translocation, was observed in the soleus muscle. Muscle FBP2 protein content was significantly higher in the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles than in the soleus muscle, whereas MCT1 protein content was significantly higher in the soleus muscle than in the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. The current findings suggest that an elevated blood lactate concentration and post-exercise glucose ingestion additively enhance glycogen recovery in glycolytic phenotype muscles. This appears to be associated with glyconeogenic protein content, but not with enhanced glucose uptake, attenuated glucose oxidation, or lactate transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsunaga
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Shirai T, Aoki Y, Takeda K, Takemasa T. The order of concurrent training affects mTOR signaling but not mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14411. [PMID: 32281743 PMCID: PMC7153037 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent training involves a combination of two different modes of training. In this study, we conducted an experiment by combining resistance and endurance training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the order of concurrent training on signal molecules in skeletal muscle. The phosphorylation levels of p70 S6 kinase, S6 ribosomal protein, and 4E-binding protein 1, which are related to hypertrophy signaling, increased significantly in the resistance-endurance order group as compared with in control group not the endurance-resistance order group. The gene expressions related to metabolism were not changed by the order of concurrent training. The mitochondrial respiratory chain complex was evaluated by western blot. Although both groups of concurrent training showed a significant increase in MTCO1, UQCRC2, and ATP5A protein levels, we could not detect a difference based on the order of concurrent training. In conclusion, a concurrent training approach involving resistance training before endurance training on the same day is an effective way to activate both mTOR signaling and mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Yamamoto K, Matsunaga Y, Hatta H. Oral Lactate Administration Additively Enhances Endurance Training-Induced Increase in Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity in Mouse Soleus Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030770. [PMID: 32183387 PMCID: PMC7146285 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that oral lactate supplementation increases mitochondrial enzyme activity given the potential role of lactate for inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, mice were assigned to a saline-ingested sedentary group (S+S; n = 8), a lactate-ingested sedentary group (L+S; n = 9), a saline-ingested training group (S+T; n = 8), and a lactate-ingested training group (L+T; n = 8). Mice in the S+S and S+T groups received saline, whereas mice in the L+S and L+T groups received sodium lactate (equivalent to 5 g/kg of body weight) via oral gavage 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At 30 min after the ingestion, mice in the S+T and L+T groups performed endurance training (treadmill running, 20 m/min, 30 min, 5 days/week). At 30 min after lactate ingestion, the blood lactate level reached peak value (5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L) in the L+S group. Immediately after the exercise, blood lactate level was significantly higher in the L+T group (9.3 ± 0.9 mmol/L) than in the S+T group (2.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L) (p < 0.01). Following a 4-week training period, a main effect of endurance training was observed in maximal citrate synthase (CS) (p < 0.01; S+T: 117 ± 3% relative to S+S, L+T: 110 ± 3%) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 126 ± 4%, L+T: 121 ± 4%) in the plantaris muscle. Similarly, there was a main effect of endurance training in maximal CS (p < 0.01; S+T: 105 ± 3%, L+T: 115 ± 2%) and COX activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 113 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) in the soleus muscle. In addition, a main effect of oral lactate ingestion was found in maximal COX activity in the soleus (p < 0.05; L+S: 109 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) and heart muscles (p < 0.05; L+S: 107 ± 3%, L+T: 107 ± 2.0%), but not in the plantaris muscle. Our results suggest that lactate supplementation may be beneficial for increasing mitochondrial enzyme activity in oxidative phenotype muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan;
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yutaka Matsunaga
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; (K.T.); (K.Y.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5454-6862
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