1
|
Mancusi G, Miuli A, Santorelli M, Cavallotto C, Susini O, Pernaci G, Výborová E, Rosa I, d'Onofrio AM, Camardese G, Pettorruso M, Sensi SL, Martinotti G. Exploring peripheral biomarkers in psychostimulant use: A systematic review on neurotrophins, stress-related hormones, oxidative stress molecules and genetic factors. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115046. [PMID: 38761859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aims to comprehensively explore the impact of psychostimulant substances on neurotrophic and inflammatory pathways, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pro-BDNF, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), interleukins, and the role of genetic factors. The study seeks to address existing gaps in the literature by providing a thorough evaluation of neurotrophic and inflammatory system alterations associated with different stages of psychostimulant dependence for a more nuanced understanding of substance use disorder (SUD) neurobiology. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The research encompasses 50 studies with a participant pool totaling 6792 individuals using psychostimulant substances. RESULTS Key findings include diverse impacts of cocaine on BDNF levels, mainly consisting of their significant increase during withdrawal. In contrast, NGF showed an opposite behavior, reducing during withdrawal. Cortisol and DHEAS levels exhibited relevant increases after psychostimulant use, while TBARS showed conflicting results. Genetic investigations predominantly focused on the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene, revealing associations with susceptibility to stimulant addiction. CONCLUSIONS Neurotrophins and inflammatory molecules play a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms following psychostimulant use. A better understanding of their complex interplay could aid clinicians in identifying biomarkers of different disease stages. Moreover, clinical interventions designed to interfere with neurotrophic and inflammatory pathways could possibly lead to craving-modulatory strategies and reduce pathological neuronal and systemic consequences of psychostimulant use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mancusi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Miuli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASL 2 Abruzzo Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mario Santorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Cavallotto
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ottavia Susini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Pernaci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eliška Výborová
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria d'Onofrio
- Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camardese
- Institute of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASL 2 Abruzzo Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, and Institute for Advanced Biotechnology (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASL 2 Abruzzo Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Chieti, Italy; Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viola TW, Danzer C, Mardini V, Szobot C, Chrusciel JH, Stertz L, Schmitz JM, Walss-Bass C, Fries GR, Grassi-Oliveira R. Prenatal cocaine exposure and its influence on pediatric epigenetic clocks and epigenetic scores in humans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1946. [PMID: 38253635 PMCID: PMC10803757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on offspring has been inconsistent, with few studies investigating biological outcomes in humans. We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) of umbilical cord blood (UCB) from newborns with (n = 35) and without (n = 47) PCE. We used DNAm data to (1) assess pediatric epigenetic clocks at birth and (2) to estimate epigenetic scores (ES) for lifetime disorders. We generated gestational epigenetic age estimates (DNAmGA) based on Knight and Bohlin epigenetic clocks. We also investigated the association between DNAmGA and UCB serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Considering the large-scale DNAm data availability and existing evidence regarding PCE as a risk for health problems later in life, we generated ES for tobacco smoking, psychosis, autism, diabetes, and obesity. A gene ontology (GO) analysis on the CpGs included in the ES with group differences was performed. PCE was associated with lower DNAmGA in newborns, and this effect remained significant when controlling for potential confounders, such as blood cell type composition predicted by DNAm and obstetric data. DNAmGA was negatively correlated with BDNF levels in the serum of UCB. Higher tobacco smoking, psychosis, and diabetes ES were found in the PCE group. The GO analysis revealed GABAergic synapses as a potential pathway altered by PCE. Our findings of decelerated DNAmGA and ES for adverse phenotypes associated with PCE, suggest that the effects of gestational cocaine exposure on the epigenetic landscape of human newborns are detectable at birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- School of Medicine, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christina Danzer
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, A701-129, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor Mardini
- Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudia Szobot
- Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Chrusciel
- School of Medicine, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Stertz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, A701-129, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morelos-Santana E, Islas-Preciado D, Alcalá-Lozano R, González-Olvera J, Estrada-Camarena E. Peripheral neurotrophin levels during controlled crack/cocaine abstinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1410. [PMID: 38228745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocaine/crack abstinence periods have higher risk of relapse. Abstinence as initial part of the recovery process is affected by learning and memory changes that could preserve the addictive cycle. To further understand how the interruption of cocaine/crack consumption affects neurotrophin level we performed the present systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA statement (number CRD42019121643). The search formula was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criterion was cocaine use disorder in 18 to 60-year-old people, measuring at least one neurotrophin in blood before and after a controlled abstinence period. Studies without pre-post design were excluded. Five investigations had nine different reports, four of them were subjected to a meta-analysis (n = 146). GRADE risk of bias method was followed. Individual studies reported increased peripheral brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after abstinence, evidence pooled by Hedge's g showed no significant change in BDNF after abstinence. Relevant heterogeneity in the length of the abstinence period (12-32 days), last cocaine/crack consumption monitoring and blood processing were detected that could help to explain non-significant results. Further improved methods are suggested, and a potential BDNF augmentation hypothesis is proposed that, if true, would help to understand initial abstinence as a re-adaptation period influenced by neurotrophins such as the BDNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Morelos-Santana
- Laboratorio de Neuromodulación, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Islas-Preciado
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Alcalá-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Neuromodulación, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J González-Olvera
- Secretariado Técnico del Consejo Nacional de Salud Mental, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, CP 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ornell F, Scherer JN, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Halpern SC, Rebelatto FP, Bristot G, Kapczinski F, Roglio VS, Pechansky F, Kessler FHP, von Diemen L. Serum BDNF levels increase during early drug withdrawal in alcohol and crack cocaine addiction. Alcohol 2023; 111:1-7. [PMID: 37037287 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in several drug-induced brain neuroadaptations. The impact of withdrawal from substances that have different neurological mechanisms on BDNF levels is unclear. Our goal was to compare serum BDNF levels in inpatients with alcohol or crack cocaine use disorders during the early withdrawal period, and to evaluate the association with substance-related outcomes. We performed a follow-up study with 101 men under detoxification treatment (drug preference: alcohol [n = 37] and crack cocaine [n = 64]). Blood samples were collected on the 1st and 15th days of hospitalization to measure serum BDNF levels. Serum BDNF levels increased during the early stage of withdrawal (28.2 ± 10.0 vs. 32.6 ± 13.3, p < 0.001), similarly in individuals with alcohol and crack cocaine use. In the alcohol group, BDNF levels on the 15th day of hospitalization were negatively correlated with age (r = -0.394, p = 0.023). Delta BDNF levels were also negatively correlated with BDNF on the 1st day of hospitalization (p = 0.011). No significant correlation was found regarding substance-related outcomes. This is the first study to compare BDNF levels in alcohol and crack cocaine users undergoing similar treatment conditions. These findings could be related to clinical improvement after abstinence or even to drug withdrawal itself, decreasing neuronal injury. Furthermore, age may be a crucial factor, hindering the recovery of neuroplasticity in alcohol users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana N Scherer
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Anne O Sordi
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Silvia C Halpern
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Rebelatto
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Bristot
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Bipolar Disorder Program, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius S Roglio
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felix H P Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Deane FP, Kelly PJ, Robinson L. A narrative review of outcome measures used in drug and alcohol inpatient withdrawal treatment research. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:415-426. [PMID: 36633552 PMCID: PMC10108086 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Assessing drug and alcohol inpatient withdrawal treatment programs is important, as these represent a first step of treatment among people with alcohol and drug problems. However, there are many ways of measuring outcomes making it difficult for service providers to decide which domains and methods to use. This narrative review aims to clarify frequencies of the domains and methods used to assess withdrawal treatment outcomes. APPROACH We reviewed published studies that examined outcomes of inpatient drug and alcohol withdrawal treatment. The types of outcome measures used and the frequency of use were summarised. KEY FINDINGS The review showed that assessment of withdrawal treatment outcomes goes beyond traditional abstinence measures. Outcomes mainly focus on biological and psychological outcomes, with social outcomes rarely measured. Even within outcome domains (e.g., cravings), there were many assessment methods. IMPLICATIONS The review provides service providers with an outline of common outcome domains and measures. Given the importance of social functioning to recovery from alcohol and drug problems, greater emphasis on such measures is desirable. Future research could develop greater consensus on outcome measures for use in withdrawal management services to facilitate clarity around factors associated with treatment success. CONCLUSION Outcome assessment in withdrawal treatment goes beyond abstinence to include holistic measurement of biological, psychological and some social outcomes; but more work needs to be done to cohere the different assessment methods and broaden the scope to include social functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Frank P Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Laura Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Benedetto MG, Scassellati C, Cattane N, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Neurotrophic factors, childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of genetic, biochemical, cognitive and imaging studies to identify potential biomarkers. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:76-88. [PMID: 35378148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic experience represents one of the key environmental factors influencing the risk for several psychiatric disorders, in particular when suffered during childhood, a critical period for brain development, characterized by a high level of neuroplasticity. Abnormalities affecting neurotrophic factors might play a fundamental role in the link between childhood trauma (CT) and early life stress (ELS) and psychiatric disorders. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, considering genetic, biochemical and expression studies along with cognitive and brain structure imaging investigations, based on PubMed and Web of Science databases (available up until November 2021), to identify potential neuroplasticity related biomarkers associated both with CT/ELS and psychiatric disorders. The search was followed by data abstraction and study quality assessment (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). RESULTS 103 studies met our eligibility criteria. Among them, 65 were available for genetic, 30 for biochemical and 3 for mRNA data; 45 findings were linked to specific symptomatology/pathologies, 16 with various cognitive functions, 19 with different brain areas, 6 on methylation and 36 performed on control subjects for the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF); whereas 4 expression/biochemical studies covered Neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor (VEGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of assessments (biological, psychological, of symptomatology, and CT/ELS), age range and ethnicity of samples for BDNF studies; limited studies for other neurotrophins. CONCLUSIONS Results support the key role of BDNF (in form of Met allele) as biomarker, both at genetic and biochemical level, in mediating the effect of CT/ELS in psychiatric disorders, passing through specific cognitive functions and specific brain region architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Di Benedetto
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association Between Recent Cannabis Consumption and Withdrawal-Related Symptoms During Early Abstinence Among Females With Smoked Cocaine Use Disorder. J Addict Med 2021; 14:e37-e43. [PMID: 31972760 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cannabis on clinical outcomes of treatment services for other drug use disorders remains unclear. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of recent cannabis consumption on the severity of cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms during a 3-week inpatient treatment program for women with cocaine use disorder. The second goal of this study was to test the effect of recent alcohol or tobacco use on the aforementioned outcomes. METHODS This was a longitudinal study with 2 assessment time points: at enrollment and upon discharge from a medically managed intensive inpatient unit. The sample was composed of 214 early abstinence females with cocaine use disorder. Cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms were measured using the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) and the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI-II). Recent substance use was evaluated using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6). RESULTS Patients with cocaine use disorder and with frequent recent cannabis use reported higher severity of cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms after 3 weeks of inpatient treatment. Neither recent alcohol nor tobacco use was associated with increased CSSA or BDI outcomes, suggesting these substances play a minor role compared to recent cannabis use in affecting withdrawal-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of recent cannabis use may help identify patients in need of additional treatment to manage severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms and depressive symptoms during early abstinence.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosário BDA, de Nazaré MDFS, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA, Viana MDB. Behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by chronic use of crack cocaine. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:59-75. [PMID: 31129656 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine and can be smoked, and rapidly absorbed, and, in part for this reason, is potently addictive. It is hypothesized that crack cocaine is able to induce important changes in different tissues and organs, and thus dramatically alter behavior. Nevertheless, which alterations in the central nervous system are related to its frequent use is still a matter of discussion. The present study is a literature review of articles published between the years 2008 and 2018 on the theme 'crack cocaine and brain' available in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar databases. The results show that the use of crack cocaine induces important behavioral, neuroanatomical, and biochemical alterations. The main behavioral sequelae include cognitive and emotional changes, such as increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, attention and memory deficits, and hyperactivity. Among the neurobiological alterations are reductions in the activity of the prefrontal, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Molecular changes include decreases in neurotrophic factors and increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which may be responsible for the morphological alterations observed. It is also hypothesized that these neurobiological changes might explain the emotional and cognitive dysfunctions experienced by crack cocaine addicts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Dos Anjos Rosário
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Regier PS, Kampman KM, Childress AR. Clinical Trials for Stimulant Use Disorders: Addressing Heterogeneities That May Undermine Treatment Outcomes. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 258:299-322. [PMID: 32193666 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, use of cocaine and amphetamines and deaths associated with stimulants have been on the rise, and there are still no FDA-approved medications for stimulant use disorders. One contributing factor may involve heterogeneity. At the neurobiological level, dual dopamine dysfunction may be undermining medication efficacy, suggesting a need for combination pharmacotherapies. At the population level, individual variability is expressed in a number of ways and, if left unaddressed, may interfere with medication efficacy. This chapter reviews studies investigating medications to address dopamine dysfunction, and it also identifies several prominent heterogeneities associated with stimulant (and other substance) use disorders. The chapter has implications for improving interventions to treat stimulant use disorders, and the theme of individual heterogeneity may have broader application across substance use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kyle M Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sordi AO, von Diemen L, Kessler FH, Schuch S, Ornell F, Kapczinski F, Pfaffenseller B, Gubert C, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Salum GA, Pechansky F. Effects of childhood trauma on BDNF and TBARS during crack-cocaine withdrawal. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019; 42:214-217. [PMID: 31826099 PMCID: PMC7115455 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between childhood trauma (CT) and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) during crack-cocaine withdrawal. Method: Thirty-three male crack-cocaine users were recruited at admission to a public addiction treatment unit. Serum BDNF and TBARS levels were evaluated at intake and discharge. Information about drug use was assessed by the Addiction Severity Index-6th Version (ASI-6); CT was reported throughout the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). CTQ scores were calculated based on a latent analysis model that divided the sample into low-, medium-, and high-level trauma groups. Results: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels from admission to discharge, which did not differ across CT subgroups. For TBARS levels, we found a significant time vs. trauma interaction (F2,28 = 6.357, p = 0.005,ηp2 = 0.312). In participants with low trauma level, TBARS decreased, while in those with a high trauma level, TBARS increased during early withdrawal. Conclusion: TBARS levels showed opposite patterns of change in crack-cocaine withdrawal according to baseline CT. These results suggest that CT could be associated with more severe neurological impairment during withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne O Sordi
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felix H Kessler
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Schuch
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Gubert
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni A Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viola TW, Heberle BA, Zaparte A, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Wainer LM, Fries GR, Walss-Bass C, Grassi-Oliveira R. Peripheral blood microRNA levels in females with cocaine use disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:48-54. [PMID: 31026664 PMCID: PMC6546503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing emphasis in the field of psychiatry on the need to identify candidate biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and clinical management of addictive disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small nucleotide sequences with the ability to regulate gene expression at the transcriptomic level. However, the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for addiction is still underexplored. Based on translational and clinical findings, we compared the expression levels of microRNA-124 (miR-124), microRNA-181 (miR-181), and microRNA-212 (miR-212) between a group of females with cocaine use disorder (CUD; n = 30) and a group of healthy female controls (HC; n = 20). METHODS Blood expression levels of miR-124, miR-181, and miR-212 in the HC and CUD group were determined by qPCR, using two miRNAs as endogenous controls (miR-24 and miR-126). Substance use behavior was assessed by self-report using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) and depressive symptoms severity was measured using the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI-II). Urine screen test was performed to detect cocaine metabolites. RESULTS Mir-124 and miR-181 were upregulated in the CUD group (p > 0.01). Furthermore, increased cognitive/affective depression symptoms were identified among a CUD subgroup with the higher miR-181 expression levels (p > 0.05). No significant difference in expression levels was found for miR-212. CONCLUSIONS MiR-124 and miR-181 show promise as biomarkers for CUD when assessed in the peripheral blood. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations and to validate target genes regulated by these miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Aguzzoli Heberle
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience & Psychopharmacology (BNP), University of Kentucky (UKY), 741 South Limestone, Room B453, Lexington, KY, 40506-0509, USA
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mendes Wainer
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigo Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77054 East Rd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77054 East Rd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanvicente-Vieira B, Rovaris DL, Ornell F, Sordi A, Rothmann LM, Niederauer JPO, Schuch JB, von Diemen L, Kessler FHP, Grassi-Oliveira R. Sex-based differences in multidimensional clinical assessments of early-abstinence crack cocaine users. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218334. [PMID: 31226126 PMCID: PMC6588218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crack cocaine use disorder (CUD) has been related to sex differences. This work aimed to compare the severity of drug use and the severity of other negative related outcomes in males and females with CUD. A total of 1344 inpatients (798 males and 546 females) with crack cocaine use disorder (CUD) were evaluated by a detailed multidimensional clinical assessment, including addiction severity and trauma exposure. Linear regression predicted higher drug use severity (β = 0.273, p < 0.001) and more problems in domains related to childcare issues (β = 0.321), criminal involvement (β = 0.108), work-related problems (β = 0.281) and social support impairments (β = 0.142) for females, all with p < 0.001. Alcohol problems were predicted to be higher in males (β = -0.206, P < 0.001). Females had higher rates of other mental disorders, particularly trauma and stress-related disorders (OR: 3.206, CI: 2.22, 4.61). Important sex differences also emerged in trauma history and HIV infection prevalence. CUD has a more severe clinical presentation among females facing early abstinence. Sex differences in the CUD course indicate the need for consideration of sex-specific interventions and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Attention Deficit Disorder Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anne Sordi
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Melo Rothmann
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Ottolia Niederauer
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bohrer Schuch
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nery SF, Paiva SPC, Vieira ÉL, Barbosa AB, Sant'Anna EM, Casalechi M, Dela Cruz C, Teixeira AL, Reis FM. Mindfulness-based program for stress reduction in infertile women: Randomized controlled trial. Stress Health 2019; 35:49-58. [PMID: 30328241 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infertile women often experience chronic stress, which may have a negative impact on general well-being and may increase the burden of infertility. In this open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial, infertile women aged 18-50 years (median 37 years) were assigned to an 8-week mindfulness-based program (MBP) or no intervention. The primary outcome was stress severity measured by the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory (ISSL). Data were analyzed by modified intent-to-treat principle, which included all cases available to follow-up regardless of adherence to the intervention (62 participants from the MBP group and 37 from the control group). The median number of symptoms of chronic stress recorded in the past month decreased from six (interquartile range 2 to 9) before the MBP to two (interquartile range 1 to 4) after the intervention (p < 0.001, repeated measures analysis of variance with Time × Group interaction). Depressive symptoms also decreased after MBP, whereas general well-being improved (p < 0.01 for both outcomes). Hair cortisol and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) did not change significantly between preintervention and postintervention. None of the outcomes changed significantly in the control group. MBP was effective in reducing stress and depressive symptoms while increasing general well-being in infertile women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone F Nery
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara P C Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érica L Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andressa B Barbosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edna M Sant'Anna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maira Casalechi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fernando M Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Torres-Berrio A, Cuesta S, Lopez-Guzman S, Nava-Mesa MO. Interaction Between Stress and Addiction: Contributions From Latin-American Neuroscience. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2639. [PMID: 30622500 PMCID: PMC6308142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that escalates from an initial exposure to drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, cannabis, or heroin, to compulsive drug-seeking and intake, reduced ability to inhibit craving-induced behaviors, and repeated cycles of abstinence and relapse. It is well-known that chronic changes in the brain’s reward system play an important role in the neurobiology of addiction. Notably, environmental factors such as acute or chronic stress affect this system, and increase the risk for drug consumption and relapse. Indeed, the HPA axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the extended amygdala, among other brain stress systems, interact with the brain’s reward circuit involved in addictive behaviors. There has been a growing interest in studying the molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms of stress and addiction in Latin-America over the last decade. Nonetheless, these contributions may not be as strongly acknowledged by the broad scientific audience as studies coming from developed countries. In this review, we compile for the first time a series of studies conducted by Latin American-based neuroscientists, who have devoted their careers to studying the interaction between stress and addiction, from a neurobiological and clinical perspective. Specific contributions about this interaction include the study of CRF receptors in the lateral septum, investigations on the neural mechanisms of cross-sensitization for psychostimulants and ethanol, the identification of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a critical neural substrate for stress and addiction, and the emergence of the cannabinoid system as a promising therapeutic target. We highlight animal and human studies, including for instance, reports coming from Latin American laboratories on single nucleotide polymorphisms in stress-related genes and potential biomarkers of vulnerability to addiction, that aim to bridge the knowledge from basic science to clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Torres-Berrio
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Silvia Lopez-Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ornell F, Hansen F, Schuch FB, Pezzini Rebelatto F, Tavares AL, Scherer JN, Valerio AG, Pechansky F, Paim Kessler FH, von Diemen L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 193:91-103. [PMID: 30347311 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. It is not clear, however, whether BDNF levels are modified in substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases to identify studies comparing peripheral plasma or serum BDNF levels in adults with SUDs vs. non-user controls. Forty studies were included in the meta-analysis involving a total of 2238 participants with SUDs and 2574 controls. RESULTS After trim and fill adjustment, current drug users presented lower serum BDNF levels (SMD = -0.99, 95%CI -1.40 to -0.58, I2 = 95.9) than non-user controls. However, this difference disappears during withdrawal. Studies using serum or plasma BDNF samples have shown different results. Subgroup analysis revealed lower levels of serum BDNF in alcohol users (SMD = -0.70, 95%CI -1.15 to -0.25, I2 = 89.81) and crack/cocaine users (SMD = -1.78, 95%CI -2.92 to -0.65, I2 = 97.59) than controls. Meta-regression analysis revealed that gender, age, and age of first use moderate the effects of drug use in peripheral BDNF levels. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral BDNF levels are decreased in the serum, but not the plasma, of active drug users. Altogether, these findings suggest that BDNF levels may be related to acute use and addiction severity and also point to BDNF's potential utility as a biomarker in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ornell
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade La Salle, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pezzini Rebelatto
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Tavares
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrei Garziera Valerio
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felix Henrique Paim Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research and Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Professor Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren W, Luan X, Zhang J, Gutteea P, Cai Y, Zhao J, Gu Y, Wu C, Su H, Tao J, Xie Y, Lv D, Feng L, He J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and depression during methamphetamine withdrawal. J Affect Disord 2017. [PMID: 28647666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression symptoms is highly comorbid with methamphetamine (METH) dependence. Except for the role in the pathophysiology of depression symptoms, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also involved in the METH dependence. The present study aims to explore whether BDNF plays a role in the development of depression symptoms during METH withdrawal. METHODS We recruited 179 patients with METH dependence who were followed up for two weeks. Ultimately, 131 (73.2%) patients finished the follow-up. Besides, 90 healthy controls were also recruited. Serum BDNF levels were measured by DuoSet ELISA Development System upon admission. The short form (13 items) of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire (AWQ) were used to measure the depression and withdrawal symptoms. Patients with BDI score ≥ 8 were identified to have depression symptoms. RESULTS Of the 131 patients, 64 (48.9%) were identified to have depression symptoms at the two-week endpoint. Patients with depression symptoms showed significantly lower BDNF levels than those with no depression symptoms. Serum BDNF levels (≤ 1251.0pg/ml) were independently associated with the development of depression symptoms during METH withdrawal (OR = 3.50, 95% CI, 1.14-10.73, p = 0.028). LIMITATIONS BDNF levels were tested in serum but not in brain and the baseline BDI and AWQ scores between the depression and non-depression groups were not matched. Besides, the follow-up time was relatively short. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that patients with serum BDNF levels ≤ 1251.0pg/ml had higher risk of depression symptoms during METH withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Luan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Priyanka Gutteea
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chaowen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jingyan Tao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dezhao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castilla-Ortega E, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ. The impact of cocaine on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Potential neurobiological mechanisms and contributions to maladaptive cognition in cocaine addiction disorder. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:100-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
Orso R, Creutzberg KC, Centeno-Silva A, Carapeços MS, Levandowski ML, Wearick-Silva LE, Viola TW, Grassi-Oliveira R. NFκB1 and NFκB2 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of early life stressed mice exposed to cocaine-induced conditioned place preference during adolescence. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Differences in biomarkers of crack-cocaine adolescent users before/after abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 177:207-213. [PMID: 28618284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the variation in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and interleukin (IL) levels in crack-cocaine dependent adolescents after 21days of abstinence, comparing to levels found in a group of healthy controls. DESIGN Cross-sectional nested on a short follow-up study. SETTING Two inpatient treatment units for adolescents, and a low-income neighborhood. PARTICIPANTS 90 adolescents, of both genders, with diagnosis of crack cocaine dependence, and 81 healthy adolescents. MEASUREMENTS Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, TBARS and BDNF were assessed on admission and discharge. Drug addiction severity was assessed by the Addiction Severity Index - Teen Version (T-ASI) and Cocaine Craving Questionnaire - Brief version (CCQ-b). Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to estimate the IL-6, IL-10, TBARS and BDNF levels, adjusted for confounders. Hedges' g was used to estimate effect size. FINDINGS TBARS (p=0.005, d=0.04), IL-6 (p=0.027, d=0.40) and IL-10 (p=0.025, d=0.41) were elevated and BDNF (p<0.001, d=0.62) was reduced (p<0.001), in patients, in comparison to controls, at admission time. Variation in those levels between admission and discharge were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Crack-cocaine use seems to be associated with inflammatory and oxidative imbalances in adolescents.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lo Iacono L, Valzania A, Visco-Comandini F, Aricò E, Viscomi MT, Castiello L, Oddi D, D'Amato FR, Bisicchia E, Ermakova O, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Social threat exposure in juvenile mice promotes cocaine-seeking by altering blood clotting and brain vasculature. Addict Biol 2017; 22:911-922. [PMID: 26870906 PMCID: PMC5573927 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased severity of substance use disorder and frequent relapse to drug use following abstinence. However, the molecular and neurobiological substrates that are engaged during early traumatic events and mediate the greater risk of relapse are poorly understood and knowledge of risk factors is to date extremely limited. In this study, we modeled childhood maltreatment by exposing juvenile mice to a threatening social experience (social stressed, S‐S). We showed that S‐S experience influenced the propensity to reinstate cocaine‐seeking after periods of withdrawal in adulthood. By exploring global gene expression in blood leukocytes we found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with greater blood coagulation. In parallel, impairments in brain microvasculature were observed in S‐S mice. Furthermore, treatment with an anticoagulant agent during withdrawal abolished the susceptibility to reinstate cocaine‐seeking in S‐S mice. These findings provide novel insights into a possible molecular mechanism by which childhood maltreatment heightens the risk for relapse in cocaine‐dependent individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Italy
| | | | - Luciano Castiello
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Italy
| | - Diego Oddi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology; CNR; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Olga Ermakova
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology; CNR; Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome; Italy
- Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet’ Center; University ‘La Sapienza,’ Rome; Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of crack cocaine addiction and stress-related genes on peripheral BDNF levels. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 90:78-85. [PMID: 28237884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on susceptibility to crack cocaine addiction and BDNF levels. Crack addicted patients who sought treatment (n = 280) and non-addicted individuals (n = 241) were assessed. Three SNPs in NR3C1 (rs6198, rs41423247, and rs10052957), three in CRHR1 (rs12944712, rs110402, and rs878886), and one in BDNF (rs6265) were genotyped. No significant effect was seen in the case-control analyses. Crack cocaine addicted patients showed significantly lower serum BDNF levels. Significant effects were observed for NR3C1 rs41423247 and rs10052957. These effects were restricted to non-addicted individuals and they were supported by significant gene-by-disease status interactions. For CRHR1, all SNPs were associated with BDNF levels. Although there were significant effects only in the analysis restricted to non-addicted individuals, the lack of significant results in the gene-by-disease status interaction analyses suggest a general effect on BDNF levels. The haplotype analyses presented the same effect seen in the single marker analyses. This study suggests that SNPs in the NR3C1 and CRHR1 genes may influence BDNF levels, but this effect is blunted in the context of crack cocaine addiction. Therefore, our data may be interpreted in light of several studies showing pronounced effects of crack cocaine on BDNF levels. Since peripheral BDNF is a biomarker for several psychiatric phenotypes, our results may be useful in interpreting previous associations between stress-related SNPs, drug addiction, and depression.
Collapse
|
22
|
Levandowski ML, Tractenberg SG, de Azeredo LA, De Nardi T, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD, Rizzo LB, Maurya PK, Brietzke E, Tyrka AR, Grassi-Oliveira R. Crack cocaine addiction, early life stress and accelerated cellular aging among women. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:83-9. [PMID: 27346744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) and addiction are related to age-related diseases and telomere shortening. However, the role of telomere length (TL) in crack cocaine addiction remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the TL in a sample of crack cocaine dependent-women who reported an ELS history and in a community-based sample of elderly women as a reference group for senescence. METHODS This study included treatment seeking crack cocaine dependents women (n=127) and elderly women without a psychiatric diagnosis (ELD, n=49). The crack cocaine sample was divided in two groups according to their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores: presence of history of childhood abuse and neglect (CRACK-ELS) and absence of ELS history (CRACK). TL was assessed by T/S ratio obtained from peripheral blood DNA using quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS CRACK and CRACK-ELS subjects exhibited shortened TL in comparison to the ELD group, despite their younger age. Among crack cocaine sample, CRACK-ELS group had significantly shorter telomeres than the CRACK group. Correlation analysis within crack cocaine group indicated that TL was negatively correlated with emotional abuse scores. CONCLUSIONS These results support previous findings associating telomere shortening with both ELS and drug addiction. This study suggests new evidence of a distinct biological phenotype for drug-dependent women with ELS. The results support the biological senescence hypothesis underpinning ELS experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Luz Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Saulo Gantes Tractenberg
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo de Azeredo
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Tatiana De Nardi
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Biomedical Research Institute (IPB), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Levandowski ML, Viola TW, Prado CH, Wieck A, Bauer ME, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R. Distinct behavioral and immunoendocrine parameters during crack cocaine abstinence in women reporting childhood abuse and neglect. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 167:140-8. [PMID: 27530287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess plasma levels of cortisol and cytokines between cocaine-dependent women with and without childhood maltreatment (CM) history during cocaine detoxification treatment. METHOD We assessed immunoendocrine and clinical parameters of 108 crack cocaine female users during 3 weeks of inpatient detoxification treatment, and 24 healthy women to obtain reference values. Women with (CM+, n=53) or without (CM-, n=55) CM history were identified answering the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Blood samples and clinical assessment were collected before lunch during the first, second and third week post-treatment admission. Flow cytometry was used to assess TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A plasma levels and ELISA assay was used to measure plasma cortisol levels. RESULTS At baseline, lower Th1 and Th17-related cytokines levels and higher Th2 cytokines levels were observed in crack cocaine users compared with reference values. Cytokines levels of cocaine dependents gradually became closer to reference values along detoxification treatment. However, when CM+ and CM- groups were compared, increased levels of IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-α across time were observed in CM+ group only. Additionally, a Th1/Th2 immune imbalance was observed within CM+ group, which was negatively correlated with the severity of the crack withdrawal. Finally, loading trauma exposure severity, immunoendocrine and clinical parameters in factor analysis, we identified three clusters of observed variables during detoxification: (1) systemic immunity and trauma exposure, (2) pro-inflammatory immunity and (3) behavior CONCLUSION Our results suggest the existence of an immunological phenotype variant associated with CM exposure during crack cocaine detoxification of women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Luz Levandowski
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Children Health's, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Hartmann Prado
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Departament of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Children Health's, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (PUCRS), RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pitts EG, Taylor JR, Gourley SL. Prefrontal cortical BDNF: A regulatory key in cocaine- and food-reinforced behaviors. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:326-35. [PMID: 26923993 PMCID: PMC4913044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects synaptic plasticity and neural structure and plays key roles in learning and memory processes. Recent evidence also points to important, yet complex, roles for BDNF in rodent models of cocaine abuse and addiction. Here we examine the role of prefrontal cortical (PFC) BDNF in reward-related decision making and behavioral sensitivity to, and responding for, cocaine. We focus on BDNF within the medial and orbital PFC, its regulation by cocaine during early postnatal development and in adulthood, and how BDNF in turn influences responding for drug reinforcement, including in reinstatement models. When relevant, we draw comparisons and contrasts with experiments using natural (food) reinforcers. We also summarize findings supporting, or refuting, the possibility that BDNF in the medial and orbital PFC regulate the development and maintenance of stimulus-response habits. Further investigation could assist in the development of novel treatment approaches for cocaine use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Pitts
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Limberger J, Nascimento RDSD, Schneider JA, Andretta I. Women users of crack: systematic review of Brazilian literature. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To present Brazilian’s empirical studies that address this issue between the period of 2004 to 2014. Methods It is a Brazilian literature Systematic Review using the descriptors “crack cocaine” AND “women”, in the database Scopus, Lilacs, Medline and SciELO. Results From the 785 articles found, 16 articles contemplated the inclusion criteria. It was evidenced that the use of crack by women is related to physical and sexual violence, provoking HIV risks in consequence of prostitution, and social prejudice. Conclusion Given this reality, studies evaluating treatments in the Brazilian context are essential, according the specificities of women crack users.
Collapse
|
26
|
Early abstinence of crack-cocaine is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and to improve antioxidant defences. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1405-13. [PMID: 25338778 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies have shown that cocaine exposure and withdrawal are associated with cellular oxidative stress damage. However, the impact of crack-cocaine dependence on oxidative stress biomarkers remains unclear. Here, we assessed peripheral oxidative stress and antioxidant defences during two periods of crack-cocaine detoxification treatment and associated these changes with psychological morbidity. METHODS Thirty female inpatients were recruited, and plasma samples were collected at the 4th and 18th days of abstinence; 30 healthy controls were also recruited. Plasma levels of protein carbonyl, protein thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced reduced (GSH) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) were measured by standard methods; the questionnaires Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment, Beck Depressive Inventory and the Addiction Severity Index were applied. RESULTS We report higher oxidative stress damage after 4 days of detoxification, as shown by increased total thiol content and protein carbonylation when compared with control group and after 18 days of detoxification. After 18 days of treatment, we observed a recovery of the oxidative stress damage and increase of the antioxidant defences, as shown by higher levels of SOD, GPx, GSH and TRAP. There was a positive correlation between protein carbonylation and psychological variables; in contrast, there was a negative correlation between TRAP levels and clinical assessments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that drug rehabilitation treatment was effective in decreasing oxidative damage represented by the reduction in biological markers, which are closely related to the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Plasma concentrations of BDNF and IGF-1 in abstinent cocaine users with high prevalence of substance use disorders: relationship to psychiatric comorbidity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118610. [PMID: 25734326 PMCID: PMC4348520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified biomarkers related to the severity and pathogenesis of cocaine addiction and common comorbid psychiatric disorders. Monitoring these plasma mediators may improve the stratification of cocaine users seeking treatment. Because the neurotrophic factors are involved in neural plasticity, neurogenesis and neuronal survival, we have determined plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in a cross-sectional study with abstinent cocaine users who sought outpatient treatment for cocaine (n = 100) and age/body mass matched controls (n = 85). Participants were assessed with the diagnostic interview ‘Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders’. Plasma concentrations of these peptides were not different in cocaine users and controls. They were not associated with length of abstinence, duration of cocaine use or cocaine symptom severity. The pathological use of cocaine did not influence the association of IGF-1 with age observed in healthy subjects, but the correlation between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 was not significantly detected. Correlation analyses were performed between these peptides and other molecules sensitive to addiction: BDNF concentrations were not associated with inflammatory mediators, lipid derivatives or IGF-1 in cocaine users, but correlated with chemokines (fractalkine/CX3CL1 and SDF-1/CXCL12) and N-acyl-ethanolamines (N-palmitoyl-, N-oleoyl-, N-arachidonoyl-, N-linoleoyl- and N-dihomo-γ-linolenoyl-ethanolamine) in controls; IGF-1 concentrations only showed association with IGFBP-3 concentrations in controls; and IGFBP-3 was only correlated with N-stearoyl-ethanolamine concentrations in cocaine users. Multiple substance use disorders and life-time comorbid psychopathologies were common in abstinent cocaine users. Interestingly, plasma BDNF concentrations were exclusively found to be decreased in users diagnosed with both primary and cocaine-induced disorders for mood and anxiety disorders. In summary, BDNF, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were not affected by a history of pathological use of cocaine supported by the absence of associations with other molecules sensitive to cocaine addiction. However, BDNF was affected by comorbid mood disorders. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of BDNF and IGF-1 in the transition to cocaine addiction and associated psychiatric comorbidity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Viola TW, Tractenberg SG, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Levandowski ML, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Wearick-Silva LE, de Azeredo LA, Teixeira AL, Grassi-Oliveira R. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Delayed Verbal Recall in Crack/Cocaine Dependents. Eur Addict Res 2015; 21:273-8. [PMID: 26022436 DOI: 10.1159/000430436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Considering the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in memory processes and its peripheral response during the detoxification of cocaine, the aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma BDNF levels could be related to memory performance in women with crack/cocaine dependence. METHODS Twenty-five abstinent female crack/cocaine users (CCD) and 25 unmedicated healthy women (HW), carefully matched for age and years of formal education, were assessed regarding memory performance. Logical Memory was used to assess the immediate verbal recall (IVR), delayed verbal recall (DVR) and memory retention. Plasma BDNF levels were measured by Elisa immunoassay. Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, and the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment the severity of cocaine abstinence symptoms. RESULTS The CCD group had lower DVR scores and higher plasma BDNF levels when compared to HW group. In addition, a linear regression model showed that BDNF levels predicted DVR scores within CCD group independently of depressive symptoms (R = 0.51; R(2) = 0.26; t(22) = 4.025, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Despite higher plasma BDNF levels, crack users exhibited memory impairments when compared to healthy women. Specifically, peripheral BDNF levels predicted better cognitive performance only within individuals who already had cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grishkina MN, Guliaeva NV, Akzhigitov RG, Gersamia AG, Menshikova AA, Freiman SV, Guekht AB. [The effect of childhood stress on the development of mental disorders in adults]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:169-176. [PMID: 26978513 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115112169-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that not only severe stressful events, but also common low-threat events, in particular chronic ones, may cause or provoke some mental disorders. The literature data on the degree of pathogenicity of stress factors are insufficient. Authors attempted to summarize the established facts in the following aspects: current conceptions on the physiology and pathology of stress in the frames of the problem of psychosomatic disorders, deprivation in childhood, neurobiological consequences of childhood stress, psychiatric consequences of stress in childhood. Authors believe that this problem demands further investigation to find possible predictors of mental disorders in patients who had experienced stressful life events in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Grishkina
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow
| | - N V Guliaeva
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - R G Akzhigitov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow
| | - A G Gersamia
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow
| | - A A Menshikova
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow
| | - S V Freiman
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - A B Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|