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Zhang M, Chen Y, Sun S, Zhang S, Yuan L, Xu Y, Li X, Chen G, Wei X, Liu C. Ketogenic diet alleviates β-cell dedifferentiation but aggravates hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice. Nutrition 2024; 119:112284. [PMID: 38118383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) on β-cell dedifferentiation and hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice. METHODS After a 3-wk habituation, male db/db mice ages 8 wk were assigned into one of three groups: normal diet (ND), KD, and 75% calorie restriction (CR) group. Free access to a standard diet, a KD, and 75% of a standard diet, respectively, were given to each group. Additionally, sex-matched 8-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were used to construct a control (C) group. After a 4-wk dietary intervention, mouse body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, fasting insulin (FINS), glucose tolerance, and β-hydroxybutyric acid level were measured. The morphologies of the islet and liver were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Positive expressions of β-cell-specific transcription factors in mouse islets were determined by double immunofluorescence staining. The size and number of lipid droplets in mouse liver were examined by Oil Red O staining. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected relative levels of adipogenesis-associated and lipolysis-associated genes in mouse liver. Additionally, expressions of CD36 protein in the mouse liver were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. RESULTS After a 4-wk dietary intervention, FBG, FINS, and glucose area under the curve in the KD group became significantly lower than in the ND group (all P < 0.05). Regular morphology of mouse islets was observed in the KD group, with an increased number of islet cells. The KD significantly reversed the decrease in β-cell number, disarrangement of β-cells, decline of β/α-cell ratio, and downregulation of β-cell-specific transcription factors in db/db mice. Serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were comparable between the ND and KD groups. In contrast, serum triacylglycerol levels were significantly lower in the CR group than in the ND group (P < 0.05). Vacuolar degeneration and lipid accumulation in the liver were more prominent in the KD group than in the ND and CR groups. The mRNA levels of Pparα and Acox1 in the KD group were lower than those in the ND group, although no significant differences were detected. Relative levels of Cd36 and inflammatory genes in the mouse liver were significantly higher in the KD group than in the ND group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The KD significantly reduced FBG and FINS and improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice by upregulating β-cell-specific transcription factors and reversing β-cell dedifferentiation. However, the KD also induced hepatic lipid accumulation and aggravated inflammatory response in the liver of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuoshuo Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijiao Xu
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Bu H, Li Z, Lu Y, Zhuang Z, Zhen Y, Zhang L. Deciphering the multifunctional role of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) and its therapeutic potential in disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115404. [PMID: 37098296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK, MAP3K12), a serine/threonine protein kinase, plays a key role in neuronal development, as it regulates axon regeneration and degeneration through its downstream kinase. Importantly, DLK is closely related to the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and the induction of β-cell apoptosis that leads to diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of DLK function, and then discuss the role of DLK signaling in human diseases. Furthermore, various types of small molecule inhibitors of DLK that have been published so far are described in detail in this paper, providing some strategies for the design of DLK small molecule inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Bu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhuang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Park YM, Yang CM, Cho HY. Therapeutic Effects of Insulin-Producing Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6877. [PMID: 35805883 PMCID: PMC9266974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), compromised pancreatic β-cell functions are compensated through daily insulin injections or the transplantation of pancreatic tissue or islet cells. However, both approaches are associated with specific challenges. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a potential alternative, as MSCs have tissue-forming capacity and can be isolated from various tissues. The human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of freely available MSCs, which can be collected through pain-free, non-invasive methods subject to minimal ethical concerns. We sought to develop a method for the in vitro generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) using MSCs. We examined the potential therapeutic uses and efficacy of IPCs generated from hUC-derived MSCs (hUC-IPCs) and human adipose tissue (hAD)-derived MSCs (hAD-IPCs) through in vitro experiments and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced C57BL/6 T1D mouse models. We discovered that compared to hAD-IPCs, hUC-IPCs exhibited a superior insulin secretion capacity. Therefore, hUC-IPCs were selected as candidates for T1D cell therapy in mice. Fasting glucose and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test levels were lower in hUC-IPC-transplanted mice than in T1D control mice and hAD-IPC-transplanted mice. Our findings support the potential use of MSCs for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Chang Mo Yang
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hee Yeon Cho
- Cell Therapy R&D Center, HansBiomed Corp, 7, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (C.M.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
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Wang CM, Green DP, Dong X. Transcription Factor MAFA Regulates Mechanical Sensation by Modulating Piezo2 Expression. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:933-937. [PMID: 35585476 PMCID: PMC9352837 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming Wang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dustin P Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Second MAFA Variant Causing a Phosphorylation Defect in the Transactivation Domain and Familial Insulinomatosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071798. [PMID: 35406570 PMCID: PMC8997416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset familial insulinomatosis is a rare disorder with recurrent, severe hypoglycemia caused by multiple insulin-secreting pancreatic tumors. The etiology was unclear until the variant p.Ser64Phe in the transcription factor MAFA, a key coordinator of β-cell insulin secretion, was defined as the cause in two families. We here describe detailed genetic, clinical, and family analyses of two sisters with insulinomatosis, aiming to identify further disease causes. Using exome sequencing, we detected a novel, heterozygous missense variant, p.Thr57Arg, in MAFA’s highly conserved transactivation domain. The impact of the affected region is so crucial that in vitro expression studies replacing Thr57 have already been performed, demonstrating a phosphorylation defect with the impairment of transactivation activity and degradation. However, prior to our study, the link to human disease was missing. Furthermore, mild hyperglycemia was observed in six additional, heterozygote family members, indicating that not only insulinomatosis but also MODY-like symptoms co-segregate with p.Thr57Arg. The pre-described MAFA variant, p.Ser64Phe, is located in the same domain, impairs the same phosphorylation cascade, and results in the same symptoms. We confirm MAFA phosphorylation defects are important causes of a characteristic syndrome, thus complementing the pathophysiological and diagnostic disease concept. Additionally, we verify the high penetrance and autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
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Venugopal V, Geethanjali S, Poonguzhali S, Padmavathi R, Mahadevan S, Silambanan S, Maheshkumar K. Effect of Yoga on Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e050421192663. [PMID: 33820522 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210405104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has a significant impact on public health. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), leading to various complications of T2DM. Yoga is being widely used in the management of T2DM. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to understand the effects of yoga on oxidative stress parameters among adult patients diagnosed with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science Direct from start of the study till March 2020 were searched to obtain eligible studies. Study designs of all nature were included (except case studies and reviews). The primary outcome was Malondialdehyde (MDA) and secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels. RESULTS A total of four trials with a total of 440 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analysis indicated that yoga significantly reduced MDA (SMD: -1.4; 95% CI -2.66 to -0.13; P = 0.03; I2 = 97%), fasting plasma glucose levels (SMD: -1.87: 95% CI -3.83 to -0.09; P = 0.06; I2= 99%), and HbA1c (SMD: -1.92; 95% CI - 3.03 to -0.81; P = 0.0007; I2 = 92%) in patients with T2DM. No such effect was found for SOD (SMD: -1.01; 95% CI -4.41 to 2.38; P = 0.56; I2= 99%). CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that yoga reduces MDA, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1C, and thus would be beneficial in the management of T2DM as a complementary therapy. However, considering the limited number of studies and its heterogeneity, further robust studies are necessary to strengthen our findings and investigate the long-term benefits of yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venugopal
- Department of Yoga, Government Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai-600106, India
| | - S Geethanjali
- Department of Nutrition & Psychology, Government Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai-600106, India
| | - S Poonguzhali
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai- 600106, India
| | - R Padmavathi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Maheshkumar
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Govt. Yoga & Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai-600106, India
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Serra-Navarro B, Fernandez-Ruiz R, García-Alamán A, Pradas-Juni M, Fernandez-Rebollo E, Esteban Y, Mir-Coll J, Mathieu J, Dalle S, Hahn M, Ahlgren U, Weinstein LS, Vidal J, Gomis R, Gasa R. Gsα-dependent signaling is required for postnatal establishment of a functional β-cell mass. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101264. [PMID: 34091063 PMCID: PMC8239471 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early postnatal life is a critical period for the establishment of the functional β-cell mass that will sustain whole-body glucose homeostasis during the lifetime. β cells are formed from progenitors during embryonic development but undergo significant expansion in quantity and attain functional maturity after birth. The signals and pathways involved in these processes are not fully elucidated. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule that is known to regulate insulin secretion, gene expression, proliferation, and survival of adult β cells. The heterotrimeric G protein Gs stimulates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase. In this study, we sought to explore the role of Gs-dependent signaling in postnatal β-cell development. METHODS To study Gs-dependent signaling, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the α subunit of the Gs protein (Gsα) was ablated from β-cells using the Cre deleter line Ins1Cre. Mice were characterized in terms of glucose homeostasis, including in vivo glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. β-cell mass was studied using histomorphometric analysis and optical projection tomography. β-cell proliferation was studied by ki67 and phospho-histone H3 immunostatining, and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Gene expression was determined in isolated islets and sorted β cells by qPCR. Intracellular cAMP was studied in isolated islets using HTRF-based technology. The activation status of the cAMP and insulin-signaling pathways was determined by immunoblot analysis of the relevant components of these pathways in isolated islets. In vitro proliferation of dissociated islet cells was assessed by BrdU incorporation. RESULTS Elimination of Gsα in β cells led to reduced β-cell mass, deficient insulin secretion, and severe glucose intolerance. These defects were evident by weaning and were associated with decreased proliferation and inadequate expression of key β-cell identity and maturation genes in postnatal β-cells. Additionally, loss of Gsα caused a broad multilevel disruption of the insulin transduction pathway that resulted in the specific abrogation of the islet proliferative response to insulin. CONCLUSION We conclude that Gsα is required for β-cell growth and maturation in the early postnatal stage and propose that this is partly mediated via its crosstalk with insulin signaling. Our findings disclose a tight connection between these two pathways in postnatal β cells, which may have implications for using cAMP-raising agents to promote β-cell regeneration and maturation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Serra-Navarro
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernandez-Ruiz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ainhoa García-Alamán
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Marta Pradas-Juni
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Rebollo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Yaiza Esteban
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Joan Mir-Coll
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Mathieu
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Dalle
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Max Hahn
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josep Vidal
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells) synthesize and secrete insulin in response to rising glucose levels and thus are a prime target in both major forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes ensues due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells. On the other hand, the prevailing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) elicits a compensatory response from β-cells that involves increases in β-cell mass and function. However, the sustained metabolic stress results in β-cell failure, characterized by severe β-cell dysfunction and loss of β-cell mass. Dynamic changes to β-cell mass also occur during pancreatic development that involves extensive growth and morphogenesis. These orchestrated events are triggered by multiple signaling pathways, including those representing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. TGF-β pathway ligands play important roles during endocrine pancreas development, β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, new findings are suggestive of TGF-β's role in regulation of adult β-cell mass and function. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic utility of targeting TGF-β in diabetes. Summarizing the role of the various TGF-β pathway ligands in β-cell development, growth and function in normal physiology, and during diabetes pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Sushil G. Rane, PhD, Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Building 10, CRC-West 5-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Eom YS, Gwon AR, Kwak KM, Youn JY, Park H, Kim KW, Kim BJ. Notch1 Has an Important Role in β-Cell Mass Determination and Development of Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:86-96. [PMID: 32174059 PMCID: PMC7850870 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cell fate during pancreas development. Notch signaling is also expressed in adult pancreas. There are few studies on the effect of Notch on adult pancreas. Here, we investigated the role of Notch in islet mass and glucose homeostasis in adult pancreas using Notch1 antisense transgenic (NAS). METHODS Western blot analysis was performed for the liver of 8-week-old male NAS mice. We also conducted an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test in 8-week-old male NAS mice and male C57BL/6 mice (control). Morphologic observation of pancreatic islet and β-cell was conducted in two groups. Insulin secretion capacity in islets was measured by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and perifusion. RESULTS NAS mice showed higher glucose levels and lower insulin secretion in IPGTT than the control mice. There was no significant difference in insulin resistance. Total islet and β-cell masses were decreased in NAS mice. The number of large islets (≥250 µm) decreased while that of small islets (<250 µm) increased. Reduced insulin secretion was observed in GSIS and perifusion. Neurogenin3, neurogenic differentiation, and MAF bZIP transcription factor A levels increased in NAS mice. CONCLUSION Our study provides that Notch1 inhibition decreased insulin secretion and decreased islet and β-cell masses. It is thought that Notch1 inhibition suppresses islet proliferation and induces differentiation of small islets. In conclusion, Notch signaling pathway may play an important role in β-cell mass determination and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - A-Ryeong Gwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Youn
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heekyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Kong CM, Arjunan S, Gan SU, Biswas A, Bongso A, Fong CY. Tissues derived from reprogrammed Wharton's jelly stem cells of the umbilical cord as a platform to study gestational diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101880. [PMID: 32622342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been strongly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later child and adulthood. The human umbilical cord and its contents are of fetal origin and represent the fetus genetically and physiologically. Since it is not possible to obtain tissues from the fetus and newborn to investigate the association between GDM and later T2DM, we reprogrammed the stem cells from the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cords (hWJSCs) of GDM and non-GDM mothers into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then differentiated the iPSCs into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) to provide pancreatic tissues that represent the fetus of GDM and normal mothers. These tissues are an attractive model to study the effects of glucose on the fetus. Interestingly, GDM-iPSCs had a decreased potential towards differentiation into IPCs. IPCs differentiated from GDM-iPSCs also had lower total insulin content and a lower capacity for insulin secretion to glucose stimulation compared to their normal-iPSC counterparts. This abnormal pathogenesis in GDM-iPSCs pancreatic differentiation recapitulates the pathology that may be observed in the infants of the diabetic mother (IDM) and while indicating adaptive mechanisms for fetal survival, may lead to the development of T2DM later in life. (199 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou Mee Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Subramanian Arjunan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Ariff Bongso
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chui-Yee Fong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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11
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Zhu K, Lai Y, Cao H, Bai X, Liu C, Yan Q, Ma L, Chen D, Kanaporis G, Wang J, Li L, Cheng T, Wang Y, Wu C, Xiao G. Kindlin-2 modulates MafA and β-catenin expression to regulate β-cell function and mass in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:484. [PMID: 31980627 PMCID: PMC6981167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell dysfunction and reduction in β-cell mass are hallmark events of diabetes mellitus. Here we show that β-cells express abundant Kindlin-2 and deleting its expression causes severe diabetes-like phenotypes without markedly causing peripheral insulin resistance. Kindlin-2, through its C-terminal region, binds to and stabilizes MafA, which activates insulin expression. Kindlin-2 loss impairs insulin secretion in primary human and mouse islets in vitro and in mice by reducing, at least in part, Ca2+ release in β-cells. Kindlin-2 loss activates GSK-3β and downregulates β-catenin, leading to reduced β-cell proliferation and mass. Kindlin-2 loss reduces the percentage of β-cells and concomitantly increases that of α-cells during early pancreatic development. Genetic activation of β-catenin in β-cells restores the diabetes-like phenotypes induced by Kindlin-2 loss. Finally, the inducible deletion of β-cell Kindlin-2 causes diabetic phenotypes in adult mice. Collectively, our results establish an important function of Kindlin-2 and provide a potential therapeutic target for diabetes. Beta cell dysfunction and reduction in beta cell mass are hallmark events in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We identify focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 as a key factor that controls insulin synthesis and secretion and beta cell mass by modulating MafA and beta-catenin proteins in pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huiling Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Qinnan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liting Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Giedrius Kanaporis
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Junqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Nankai University College of Pharmacy, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 300020, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- UVA Islet Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Surgery, the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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12
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Duvillié B, Kourdoughli R, Druillennec S, Eychène A, Pouponnot C. Interplay Between Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Insulinoma: The Role of Aging, Genetic Factors, and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563267. [PMID: 33101198 PMCID: PMC7556217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic analyses have shed light on an association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent data also suggest a potential relationship between T2D and insulinoma. Under rare circumstances, type 1 diabetes (T1D) can also be implicated in tumorigenesis. The biological mechanisms underlying such relationships are extremely complex. Some genetic factors contributing to the development of T2D are shared with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tumors. Obesity and overweight can also contribute to the initiation and severity of T2D, while aging may influence both endocrine and exocrine tumors. Finally, pharmacological treatments of T2D may have an impact on PDAC. On the other hand, some treatments for insulinoma can trigger diabetes. In the present minireview, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain these interactions. This analysis may help to define new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Duvillié
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Duvillié,
| | - Rayane Kourdoughli
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Druillennec
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Eychène
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
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13
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Sun Q, Yang Q, Xu H, Xue J, Chen C, Yang X, Gao X, Liu Q. miR-149 Negative Regulation of mafA Is Involved in the Arsenite-Induced Dysfunction of Insulin Synthesis and Secretion in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:116-125. [PMID: 29905828 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic, a potent environmental oxidative stressor, is associated with the incidence of diabetes. However, the mechanisms for arsenite-induced reduction of insulin remain largely unclear. After CD1 mice were treated with 20 or 40 ppm arsenite in the drinking water for 12 months, the mice showed reduced fasting insulin levels, a depression in glucose clearance, and lower insulin content in the pancreas. The levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells isolated from arsenite-exposed mice were low compared with those for control mice. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that arsenite exposure resulted a reduction of insulin content in the pancreas of mice. Exposure of Min6 cells, a pancreatic beta cell line, to low levels of arsenite led to lower GSIS in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in pancreatic β-cell function and the pathogenesis of diabetes, we hypothesized that arsenite exposure activates miR-149, decreases insulin transcription factor v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (mafA), and induces an insulin synthesis and secretion disorder. In arsenite-exposed Min6 cells, mafA activity was lowered by the increase of its target miRNA, miR-149. Luciferase assays illustrated an interaction between miR-149 and the mafA 3' untranslated region. In Min6 cells transfected with an miR-149 inhibitor, arsenite did not regulate GSIS and mafA expression. In control cells, however, arsenite decreased GSIS or mafA expression. Our results suggest that low levels of arsenite affect β-cell function and regulate insulin synthesis and secretion by modulating mafA expression through miR-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hu L, He F, Luo Y, Luo H, Hai L, Li Y, Zhou Z, Liu F, Dai YS. Reduced Compensatory β-Cell Proliferation in Nfatc3-Deficient Mice Fed on High-Fat Diet. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 129:651-660. [PMID: 31546271 DOI: 10.1055/a-1008-9110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat-diet induces pancreatic β-cell compensatory proliferation, and impairments in pancreatic β-cell proliferation and function can lead to defects in insulin secretion and diabetes. NFATc3 is important for HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. But it is unknown whether NFATc3 is required for β cell compensatory growth in mice fed with HFD. METHODS NFATc3 mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively, in pancreatic islets of WT mice fed on HFD for 12-20 weeks. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 were conducted in Min6 cells and cultured primary mouse islets. NFATc3-/- mice and WT control mice were fed with HFD and metabolic and functional parameters were measured. RESULTS We observed that the NFATc3 expression level was reduced in the islets of high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NFATc3 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β-cell gene expression in cultured primary mouse islets. Nfatc3-/- mice initially developed similar glucose tolerance at 2-4 weeks after HFD feeding than HFD-fed WT mice, but Nfatc3-/- mice developed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after 8 weeks of HFD feeding compared to Nfatc3+/+fed with HFD. Furthermore, Nfatc3-/- mice on HFD exhibited decreased β-cell mass and reduced expression of genes important for β-cell proliferation and function compared to Nfatc3+/+mice on HFD. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that NFATc3 plays a role in maintaining the pancreatic β-cell compensatory growth and gene expression in response to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengli He
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luo Hai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yabin Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan-Shan Dai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
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15
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Aljaibeji H, Mukhopadhyay D, Mohammed AK, Dhaiban S, Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Sulaiman N, Salehi A, Taneera J. Reduced Expression of PLCXD3 Associates With Disruption of Glucose Sensing and Insulin Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31781030 PMCID: PMC6851018 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that reduced expression of PLCXD3, a member of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases (PI-PLC) family, impaired insulin secretion with an unclear mechanism. In the current study, we aim to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect using human islets and rat INS-1 (832/13) cells. Microarray and RNA sequencing data showed that PLCXD3 is among the highly expressed PI-PLCs in human islets and INS-1 (832/13) cells. Expression of PLCXD3 was reduced in human diabetic islets, correlated positively with Insulin and GLP1R expression and inversely with the donor's body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Expression silencing of PLCXD3 in INS-1 (832/13) cells was found to reduce glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin content. In addition, the expression of Insulin, NEUROD1, GLUT2, GCK, INSR, IRS2, and AKT was downregulated. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were unaffected. In conclusion, our data suggest that low expression of PLCXD3 in pancreatic β-cells associates with downregulation of the key insulin signaling and insulin biosynthesis genes as well as reduction in glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Aljaibeji
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Debasmita Mukhopadhyay
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Dhaiban
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmood Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Jalal Taneera
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16
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Lin S, Wu G, Zhao D, Han J, Yang Q, Feng Y, Liu M, Yang J, Hu J. Taurine Increases Insulin Expression in STZ-Treated Rat Islet Cells In Vitro. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:319-328. [PMID: 28849466 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This research aims at figure out the effects and the pathway of taurine on insulin in islet cells cultured in vitro treated by STZ. In the experiment, islet cells were isolated from pancreatic tissue by in situ perfusion with collagenase V. The pancreatic islet cells, maintained in RPMI 1640 culture medium were divided into six groups: C: control, E: supplemented with 10 mmol/L of taurine, group M, T1, T2 and T3 was treated with STZ (0.5 mmol/L), at the same time, taurine were added in group T1,T2 and T3 for 30 min, and then culture medium were collected by centrifugation and then insulin levels were detected by radioimmunoassay, the cells were then rinsed with Hanks, and 0,10, 0, 5, 10, 20 mmol/L of taurine in group C, E, M, T1, T2 and T3 were added for 24 h respectively. Total RNA was extracted, then insulin gene and its transcription regulator such as PDX-1, NeuroD1 were amplified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that, the release of insulin from islet cells treated by STZ could be inhibited by taurine, gene expression of insulin, PDX-1 and NeuroD1 in STZ group decreased significantly, which were up-regulated by taurine administration. In conclusion, taurine exerts a certain degree of protective and reconstructive effects on islet cells treated by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Sun Q, Xu H, Xue J, Yang Q, Chen C, Yang P, Han A, Tu Q, Lu J, Gao X, Xiang Q, Liu Q. MALAT1 via microRNA-17 regulation of insulin transcription is involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells induced by cigarette smoke extract. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8862-8873. [PMID: 29856480 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes contain various chemicals with the potential to influence metabolic health. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes a dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells and impairs insulin production. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke-induced reduction of insulin remain largely unclear. Data from 558 patients with diabetes showed that, with smoking pack-years, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-β (a method for assessing β-cell function) decreased and that HOMA of insulin resistance increased. For β-cells (MIN6), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and the long noncoding (lnc)RNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and downregulated the levels of the transcription factor, mafA, and microRNA (miR)-17. MALAT1, one of four lncRNAs predicted to regulate miR-17, was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). For these cells, an miR-17 mimic inhibited TXNIP and enhanced the production of insulin. Knockdown of MALAT1 induced an increase in miR-17, which suppressed TXNIP and promoted the production of insulin. In the sera of patients with diabetes who smoked, there were higher MALAT1 levels and lower miR-17 levels than in the sera of nonsmokers. Thus, CSE inhibits insulin production by upregulating TXNIP via MALAT1-mediated downregulation of miR-17, which provides an understanding of the processes involved in the reduced β-cells function caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aohan Han
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Tu
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Kitamoto T, Sakurai K, Lee EY, Yokote K, Accili D, Miki T. Distinct roles of systemic and local actions of insulin on pancreatic β-cells. Metabolism 2018; 82:100-110. [PMID: 29320716 PMCID: PMC7391221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic β-cell mass and function are critical in glucose homeostasis. Their regulatory mechanisms have been studied principally under experimental conditions of reduced β-cell numbers, such as β-cell ablation and partial pancreatectomy. In the present study, we generated an opposite mouse model with an excessive amount of ectopic β-cells, and analyzed its consequence on β-cell mass and survival. METHODS Mice underwent sub-renal transplantation (SRT) of pseudo-islets generated from a pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 or intra-pancreatic transplantation (IPT) of MIN6 cells, and morphological and functional changes of their endocrine pancreata were analyzed. Cellular fate of pancreatic β-cells after transplantation was traced using RipCre:Rosa26-tdTomato mice. By using MIN6 cells, we evaluated the roles of extracellular glucose, membrane potential, and insulin signaling on β-cell survival. RESULTS SRT mice developed severe, progressive hypoglycemia associated with marked reduction in insulin-positive (Ins+) cell mass and apparent increase in apoptotic Ins+ cells. In in vitro experiments of MIN6 cells, insulin signaling blockade potently induced cell death, suggesting that local insulin action is required for β-cell survival. In fact, IPT (i.e. transplantation close to endogenous β-cells) resulted in fewer apoptotic Ins+ cells compared with those induced by SRT. On the other hand, β-cell mass was decreased in proportion to the decrease in blood glucose levels in both SRT and IPT mice, suggesting a contribution of hypoglycemia induced by systemic hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSION Insulin plays distinct roles in β-cell survival and β-cell mass regulation through its local and systemic actions on β-cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA
| | - Takashi Miki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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A Comprehensive Survey of the Roles of Highly Disordered Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102010. [PMID: 28934129 PMCID: PMC5666700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive disease that is strongly associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) related to either insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Among the various molecular events and players implicated in the manifestation and development of diabetes mellitus, proteins play several important roles. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database has information on 34 human proteins experimentally shown to be related to the T2DM pathogenesis. It is known that many proteins associated with different human maladies are intrinsically disordered as a whole, or contain intrinsically disordered regions. The presented study shows that T2DM is not an exception to this rule, and many proteins known to be associated with pathogenesis of this malady are intrinsically disordered. The multiparametric bioinformatics analysis utilizing several computational tools for the intrinsic disorder characterization revealed that IRS1, IRS2, IRS4, MAFA, PDX1, ADIPO, PIK3R2, PIK3R5, SoCS1, and SoCS3 are expected to be highly disordered, whereas VDCC, SoCS2, SoCS4, JNK9, PRKCZ, PRKCE, insulin, GCK, JNK8, JNK10, PYK, INSR, TNF-α, MAPK3, and Kir6.2 are classified as moderately disordered proteins, and GLUT2, GLUT4, mTOR, SUR1, MAPK1, IKKA, PRKCD, PIK3CB, and PIK3CA are predicted as mostly ordered. More focused computational analyses and intensive literature mining were conducted for a set of highly disordered proteins related to T2DM. The resulting work represents a comprehensive survey describing the major biological functions of these proteins and functional roles of their intrinsically disordered regions, which are frequently engaged in protein–protein interactions, and contain sites of various posttranslational modifications (PTMs). It is also shown that intrinsic disorder-associated PTMs may play important roles in controlling the functions of these proteins. Consideration of the T2DM proteins from the perspective of intrinsic disorder provides useful information that can potentially lead to future experimental studies that may uncover latent and novel pathways associated with the disease.
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20
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Li F, Sheng C, Song K, Zhang M, Bu L, Yang P, Sheng H, Li H, Qu S. Preventative Sleeve Gastrectomy Contributes to Maintaining β Cell Function in db/db Diabetic Mouse. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2402-10. [PMID: 26916639 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used the leptin-receptor (LPR)-deficient mice model (db/db), a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes with early β cell dysfunction to determine whether a preventative sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective technique for the treatment of β cell failure. METHODS The animals operated at an early stage of life, prior to metabolic alterations, were used to study the molecular mechanisms of β cell function improvement after a SG. RESULTS β cell function was significantly increased, and islet morphology remained normal, after the SG. The expression of Glut2, Pdx1, MafA, and Nkx6.1 were significantly increased after the SG. The expression of GLP-1 in the colonic tissue, as well as GLP-1R and PKC in islets, was significantly increased after the SG. CONCLUSIONS β cell dysfunction can be ameliorated by a preventative SG for db/db mice. Maintaining the GLP-1 pathway and key transcript factor (TF) activation contributes to the improvement of β cell function after a preventative SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China.
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Kexiu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Manna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong-Ji University, 301 Middle Yan-Chang Road, ShangHai, 200072, China.
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21
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Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Programs the Development of the Pancreas and the Secretion of Insulin in Rats. Pediatr Neonatol 2017; 58:135-144. [PMID: 27531015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing epidemiological evidence indicating that many chronic diseases originate during early life, even before birth, through what are termed fetal programming effects. Prenatal glucocorticoid is frequently used clinically to accelerate the maturation of the lung, but its long-term effects remain unclear. METHODS We gave pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats either intraperitoneal dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle at Gestational Days 14-20 and assessed the effects to pancreas at Postnatal Days 7 and 120. RESULTS We found fewer pancreatic β cell fractions (0.31±0.05 % vs. 0.49±0.05 %, p=0.013) and tissues (0.0017±0.0002 % vs. 0.0025±0.0002 %, p=0.042) and decreased secretion of insulin in response to a glucose challenge at Postnatal Day 105 (1.00±0.19 ng/mL vs. 1.57±0.17 ng/mL at the 15-minute time-point, p=0.046) in rats treated prenatally with dexamethasone. At Postnatal Day 7 in rats treated prenatally with dexamethasone, the expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox gene-1 and V-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A was lower than that in the rats in the Vehicle group (0.22±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.41 fold, p=0.01, 0.20±0.12 vs. 1.00±0.35 fold, p=0.01) while the histone deacetylases activity (54.2±3.7 ng/h/mL vs. 37.6±3.5 ng/h/mL, p=0.012) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine staining (1.34±0.01 vs. 1.00±0.02 fold, p<0.01) were higher. CONCLUSION Prenatal dexamethasone exposure affects early postnatal gene expression related to pancreas development and may exert an effect on β-cell development at 120 postnatal days.
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22
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Oittinen M, Popp A, Kurppa K, Lindfors K, Mäki M, Kaikkonen MU, Viiri K. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Enacts Wnt Signaling in Intestinal Homeostasis and Contributes to the Instigation of Stemness in Diseases Entailing Epithelial Hyperplasia or Neoplasia. Stem Cells 2016; 35:445-457. [PMID: 27570105 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the homeostasis of intestinal epithelium by controlling the balance between intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation but epigenetic mechanisms enacting the process are not known. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulator, Polycomb Repressive Complex-2 (PRC2), is involved in Wnt-mediated epithelial homeostasis on the crypt-villus axis and aberrancies therein are implicated both in celiac disease and in intestinal malignancies. We found that PRC2 establishes repressive crypt and villus specific trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) signature on genes responsible for, for example, nutrient transport and cell killing in crypts and, for example, proliferation and differentiation in mature villi, suggesting that PRC2 facilitates the Wnt-governed intestinal homeostasis. When celiac patients are on gluten-containing diet PRC2 is out-of-bounds active and consequently its target genes were found affected in intestinal epithelium. Significant set of effective intestinal PRC2 targets are also differentially expressed in colorectal adenoma and carcinomas. Our results suggest that PRC2 gives rise and maintains polar crypt and villus specific H3K27me3 signatures. As H3K27me3 is a mark enriched in developmentally important genes, identified intestinal PRC2 targets are possibly imperative drivers for enterocyte differentiation and intestinal stem cell maintenance downstream to Wnt-signaling. Our work also elucidates the mechanism sustaining the crypt hyperplasia in celiac disease and suggest that PRC2-dependent fostering of epithelial stemness is a common attribute in intestinal diseases in which epithelial hyperplasia or neoplasia prevails. Finally, this work demonstrates that in intestine PRC2 represses genes having both pro-stemness and pro-differentiation functions, fact need to be considered when designing epigenetic therapies including PRC2 as a drug target. Stem Cells 2017;35:445-457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Oittinen
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alina Popp
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Mother and Child Care, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Mäki
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Keijo Viiri
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Department of Pediatrics and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Oetjen E. Regulation of Beta-Cell Function and Mass by the Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:410-3. [PMID: 27100796 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most rapidly increasing diseases worldwide, whereby approximately 90-95% of patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Considering its micro- and macrovascular complications like blindness and myocardial infarction, a reliable anti-diabetic treatment is needed. Maintaining the function and the mass of the insulin producing beta-cells despite elevated levels of beta-cell-toxic prediabetic signals represents a desirable mechanism of action of anti-diabetic drugs. The dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) inhibits the action of two transcription factors within the beta-cell, thereby interfering with insulin secretion and production and the conservation of beta-cell mass. Furthermore, DLK action is regulated by prediabetic signals. Hence, the inhibition of this kinase might protect beta-cells against beta-cell-toxic prediabetic signals and prevent the development of diabetes. DLK might thus present a novel drug target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Oetjen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology for Pharmacist's Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Sheng C, Li F, Lin Z, Zhang M, Yang P, Bu L, Sheng H, Li H, Qu S. Reversibility of β-Cell-Specific Transcript Factors Expression by Long-Term Caloric Restriction in db/db Mouse. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6035046. [PMID: 26998492 PMCID: PMC4779534 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6035046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by β-cell dedifferentiation, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the current study was to explore the mechanisms of β-cell dedifferentiation with and without long-term control of calorie intake. We used a diabetes mouse model (db/db) to analyze the changes in the expression levels of β-cell-specific transcription factors (TFs) and functional factors with long-term caloric restriction (CR). Our results showed that chronic euglycemia was maintained in the db/db mice with long-term CR intervention, and β-cell dedifferentiation was significantly reduced. The expression of Glut2, Pdx1, and Nkx6.1 was reversed, while MafA expression was significantly increased with long-term CR. GLP-1 pathway was reactivated with long-term CR. Our work showed that the course of β-cell dedifferentiation can intervene by long-term control of calorie intake. Key β-cell-specific TFs and functional factors play important roles in maintaining β-cell differentiation. Targeting these factors could optimize T2D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- *Feng Li: and
| | - Ziwei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Manna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- *Shen Qu:
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25
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Ding Y, Xu Y, Shuai X, Shi X, Chen X, Huang W, Liu Y, Liang X, Zhang Z, Su D. Reg3α Overexpression Protects Pancreatic β Cells from Cytokine-Induced Damage and Improves Islet Transplant Outcome. Mol Med 2015; 20:548-558. [PMID: 25826674 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of islet transplantation for treating type 1 diabetes has been limited by the high level of graft failure. This may be overcome by locally delivering trophic factors to enhance engraftment. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (Reg3α) is a pancreatic secretory protein which functions as an antimicrobial peptide in control of inflammation and cell proliferation. In this study, to investigate whether Reg3α could improve islet engraftment, a marginal mass of syngeneic islets pretransduced with adenoviruses expressing Reg3α or control EGFP were transplanted under the renal capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mice receiving islets with elevated Reg3α production exhibited significantly lower blood glucose levels (9.057 ± 0.59 mmol/L versus 13.48 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P < 0.05) and improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (1.80 ± 0.17 ng/mL versus 1.16 ± 0.16 ng/mL, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The decline of apoptotic events (0.57% ± 0.15% versus 1.06% ± 0.07%, P < 0.05) and increased β-cell proliferation (0.70% ± 0.10% versus 0.36% ± 0.14%, P < 0.05) were confirmed in islet grafts overexpressing Reg3α by morphometric analysis. Further experiments showed that Reg3α production dramatically protected cultured islets and pancreatic β cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis and the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, exposure to cytokines led to the activation of MAPKs in pancreatic β cells, which was reversed by Reg3α overexpression in contrast to control group. These results strongly suggest that Reg3α could enhance islet engraftments through its cytoprotective effect and advance the therapeutic efficacy of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyu Shuai
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhui Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Center of Cellular Therapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Center of Metabolic Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center of Metabolic Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center of Cellular Therapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center of Metabolic Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Mulley JF, Hargreaves AD, Hegarty MJ, Heller RS, Swain MT. Transcriptomic analysis of the lesser spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) pancreas, liver and brain reveals molecular level conservation of vertebrate pancreas function. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1074. [PMID: 25480530 PMCID: PMC4362833 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the evolution of the vertebrate pancreas is key to understanding its functions. The chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays) have often been suggested to possess the most ancient example of a distinct pancreas with both hormonal (endocrine) and digestive (exocrine) roles. The lack of genetic, genomic and transcriptomic data for cartilaginous fish has hindered a more thorough understanding of the molecular-level functions of the chondrichthyan pancreas, particularly with respect to their “unusual” energy metabolism (where ketone bodies and amino acids are the main oxidative fuel source) and their paradoxical ability to both maintain stable blood glucose levels and tolerate extensive periods of hypoglycemia. In order to shed light on some of these processes, we carried out the first large-scale comparative transcriptomic survey of multiple cartilaginous fish tissues: the pancreas, brain and liver of the lesser spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Results We generated a mutli-tissue assembly comprising 86,006 contigs, of which 44,794 were assigned to a particular tissue or combination of tissues based on mapping of sequencing reads. We have characterised transcripts encoding genes involved in insulin regulation, glucose sensing, transcriptional regulation, signaling and digestion, as well as many peptide hormone precursors and their receptors for the first time. Comparisons to mammalian pancreas transcriptomes reveals that mechanisms of glucose sensing and insulin regulation used to establish and maintain a stable internal environment are conserved across jawed vertebrates and likely pre-date the vertebrate radiation. Conservation of pancreatic hormones and genes encoding digestive proteins support the single, early evolution of a distinct pancreatic gland with endocrine and exocrine functions in jawed vertebrates. In addition, we demonstrate that chondrichthyes lack pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and that reports of PP in the literature are likely due cross-reaction with PYY and/or NPY in the pancreas. A three hormone islet organ is therefore the ancestral jawed vertebrate condition, later elaborated upon only in the tetrapod lineage. Conclusions The cartilaginous fish are a great untapped resource for the reconstruction of patterns and processes of vertebrate evolution and new approaches such as those described in this paper will greatly facilitate their incorporation into the rank of “model organism”. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1074) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Mulley
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Brambell Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
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27
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Minami K, Seino S. Current status of regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 4:131-41. [PMID: 24843642 PMCID: PMC4019265 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly generated insulin‐secreting cells for use in cell therapy for insulin‐deficient diabetes mellitus require properties similar to those of native pancreatic β‐cells. Pancreatic β‐cells are highly specialized cells that produce a large amount of insulin, and secrete insulin in a regulated manner in response to glucose and other stimuli. It is not yet explained how the β‐cells acquire this complex function during normal differentiation. So far, in vitro generation of insulin‐secreting cells from embryonic stem cells, induced‐pluripotent stem cells and adult stem/progenitor‐like cells has been reported. However, most of these cells are functionally immature and show poor glucose‐responsive insulin secretion compared to that of native pancreatic β‐cells (or islets). Strategies to generate functional β‐cells or a whole organ in vivo have also recently been proposed. Establishing a protocol to generate fully functional insulin‐secreting cells that closely resemble native β‐cells is a critical matter in regenerative medicine for diabetes. Understanding the physiological processes of differentiation, proliferation and regeneration of pancreatic β‐cells might open the path to cell therapy to cure patients with absolute insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Minami
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan ; Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Japan Science and Technology Corp. Kawaguchi Saitama Japan
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28
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Stahnke MJ, Dickel C, Schröder S, Kaiser D, Blume R, Stein R, Pouponnot C, Oetjen E. Inhibition of human insulin gene transcription and MafA transcriptional activity by the dual leucine zipper kinase. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1792-9. [PMID: 24726898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin biosynthesis is an essential β-cell function and inappropriate insulin secretion and biosynthesis contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Previous studies showed that the dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) induces β-cell apoptosis. Since β-cell dysfunction precedes β-cell loss, in the present study the effect of DLK on insulin gene transcription was investigated in the HIT-T15 β-cell line. Downregulation of endogenous DLK increased whereas overexpression of DLK decreased human insulin gene transcription. 5'- and 3'-deletion human insulin promoter analyses resulted in the identification of a DLK responsive element that mapped to the DNA binding-site for the β-cell specific transcription factor MafA. Overexpression of DLK wild-type but not its kinase-dead mutant inhibited MafA transcriptional activity conferred by its transactivation domain. Furthermore, in the non-β-cell line JEG DLK inhibited MafA overexpression-induced human insulin promoter activity. Overexpression of MafA and DLK or its kinase-dead mutant into JEG cells revealed that DLK but not its mutant reduced MafA protein content. Inhibition of the down-stream DLK kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by SP600125 attenuated DLK-induced MafA loss. Furthermore, mutation of the serine 65 to alanine, shown to confer MafA protein stability, increased MafA-dependent insulin gene transcription and prevented DLK-induced MafA loss in JEG cells. These data suggest that DLK by activating JNK triggers the phosphorylation and degradation of MafA thereby attenuating insulin gene transcription. Given the importance of MafA for β-cell function, the inhibition of DLK might preserve β-cell function and ultimately retard the development of diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Dickel
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Kaiser
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Blume
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Paris Sud University Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
| | - Elke Oetjen
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Tsui S, Dai W, Lu L. CCCTC-binding factor mediates effects of glucose on beta cell survival. Cell Prolif 2013; 47:28-37. [PMID: 24354619 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic islet β-cell survival is paramount for regulation of insulin activity and for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Recently, Pax6 has been shown to be essential for many vital functions in β-cells, although many molecular mechanisms of its homeostasis in β-cells remain unclear. The present study investigates novel effects of glucose- and insulin-induced CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) activity on Pax6 gene expression as well as for subsequent effects of insulin-activated signalling pathways, on β-cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreatic β-TC-1-6 cells were cultured in DMEM and stimulated with high concentrations of glucose (5-125 mm); cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Effects of CTCF on Pax6 were evaluated in the high glucose-induced environment and CTCF/Erk-suppressed cells, by promoter reporter and western blotting analyses. RESULTS Increases in glucose and insulin concentrations upregulated CTCF and consequently downregulated Pax6 in β-cell survival and proliferation. Knocking-down CTCF directly affected Pax6 transcription through CTCF binding and blocked the response to glucose. Altered Erk activity mediated effects of CTCF on controlling Pax6 expression, which partially regulated β-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CTCF functioned as a molecular mediator between insulin-induced upstream Erk signalling and Pax6 expression in these pancreatic β-cells. This pathway may contribute to regulation of β-cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsui
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
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30
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Hamze Z, Vercherat C, Bernigaud-Lacheretz A, Bazzi W, Bonnavion R, Lu J, Calender A, Pouponnot C, Bertolino P, Roche C, Stein R, Scoazec JY, Zhang CX, Cordier-Bussat M. Altered MENIN expression disrupts the MAFA differentiation pathway in insulinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:833-48. [PMID: 24157940 PMCID: PMC3841063 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein MENIN is the product of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) gene. Altered MENIN expression is one of the few events that are clearly associated with foregut neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), classical oncogenes or tumour suppressors being not involved. One of the current challenges is to understand how alteration of MENIN expression contributes to the development of these tumours. We hypothesised that MENIN might regulate factors maintaining endocrine-differentiated functions. We chose the insulinoma model, a paradigmatic example of well-differentiated pancreatic NETs, to study whether MENIN interferes with the expression of v-MAF musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MAFA), a master glucose-dependent transcription factor in differentiated β-cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of a series of human insulinomas revealed a correlated decrease in both MENIN and MAFA. Decreased MAFA expression resulting from targeted Men1 ablation was also consistently observed in mouse insulinomas. In vitro analyses using insulinoma cell lines showed that MENIN regulated MAFA protein and mRNA levels, and bound to Mafa promoter sequences. MENIN knockdown concomitantly decreased mRNA expression of both Mafa and β-cell differentiation markers (Ins1/2, Gck, Slc2a2 and Pdx1) and, in parallel, increased the proliferation rate of tumours as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Interestingly, MAFA knockdown alone also increased proliferation rate but did not affect the expression of candidate proliferation genes regulated by MENIN. Finally, MENIN variants with missense mutations detected in patients with MEN1 lost the WT MENIN properties to regulate MAFA. Together, our findings unveil a previously unsuspected MENIN/MAFA connection regarding control of the β-cell differentiation/proliferation balance, which could contribute to tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Female
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Insulinoma/genetics
- Insulinoma/metabolism
- Insulinoma/pathology
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/antagonists & inhibitors
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hamze
- INSERM U1052/CNRS UMR5286/Université de Lyon, Lyon1 UMR-S1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon F-69437, France UMR 3347/CNRS, U1021/INSERM, Institut Curie, Orsay F-91405, France Service Central d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon F-69437, France Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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31
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A Short-activating RNA Oligonucleotide Targeting the Islet β-cell Transcriptional Factor MafA in CD34(+) Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e97. [PMID: 23736775 PMCID: PMC3696904 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Upon functional loss of insulin producing islet β-cells, some patients with diabetes become dependent on life-long insulin supplementation therapy. Bioengineering surrogate insulin producing cells is an alternative replacement strategy. We have developed a novel approach using short-activating RNA oligonucleotides to differentiate adult human CD34(+) cells into insulin-secreting cells. By transfecting RNA to increase transcript levels of the master regulator of insulin biosynthesis, v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), several pancreatic endodermal genes were upregulated during the differentiation procedure. These included Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene-1 (PDX1), Neurogenin 3, NeuroD, and NK6 homeobox 1 (NKx6-1). Differentiated CD34(+) cells also expressed glucokinase, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1) and phogrin-all essential for glucose sensitivity and insulin secretion. The differentiated cells appropriately processed C-peptide and insulin in response to increasing glucose stimulation as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. We provide a new approach using short-activating RNA in developing insulin producing surrogate cells for treating diabetes.Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e97; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.23; advance online publication 4 June 2013.
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32
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Domínguez-Bendala J, Ricordi C. Present and future cell therapies for pancreatic beta cell replenishment. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6876-84. [PMID: 23322984 PMCID: PMC3531670 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i47.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
If only at a small scale, islet transplantation has successfully addressed what ought to be the primary endpoint of any cell therapy: the functional replenishment of damaged tissue in patients. After years of less-than-optimal approaches to immunosuppression, recent advances consistently yield long-term graft survival rates comparable to those of whole pancreas transplantation. Limited organ availability is the main hurdle that stands in the way of the widespread clinical utilization of this pioneering intervention. Progress in stem cell research over the past decade, coupled with our decades-long experience with islet transplantation, is shaping the future of cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes. Here we review the most promising avenues of research aimed at generating an inexhaustible supply of insulin-producing cells for islet regeneration, including the differentiation of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells of embryonic and adult origin along the beta cell lineage and the direct reprogramming of non-endocrine tissues into insulin-producing cells.
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33
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Zhao X, Mohan R, Özcan S, Tang X. MicroRNA-30d induces insulin transcription factor MafA and insulin production by targeting mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4) in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31155-64. [PMID: 22733810 PMCID: PMC3438947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small noncoding RNAs that play a role in many diseases, including diabetes. miRNAs target genes important for pancreas development, β-cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and exocytosis. Previously, we documented that microRNA-30d (miR-30d), one of miRNAs up-regulated by glucose, induces insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells. Here, we found that the induction of insulin production by overexpression of miR-30d is associated with increased expression of MafA, a β-cell-specific transcription factor. Of interest, overexpression of miR-30d prevented the reduction in both MafA and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) with TNF-α exposure. Moreover, we identified that mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4), a TNF-α-activated kinase, is a direct target of miR-30d. Overexpression of miR-30d protected β-cells against TNF-α suppression on both insulin transcription and insulin secretion through the down-regulation of MAP4K4 by the miR-30d. A decrease of miR-30d expression was observed in the islets of diabetic db/db mice, in which MAP4K4 expression level was elevated. Our data support the notion that miR-30d plays multiple roles in activating insulin transcription and protecting β-cell functions from impaired by proinflammatory cytokines and underscore the concept that miR-30d may represent a novel pharmacological target for diabetes intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, and
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, and
| | - Sabire Özcan
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, and
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34
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Pellegrino S, Annoni C, Contini A, Clerici F, Gelmi ML. Expedient chemical synthesis of 75mer DNA binding domain of MafA: an insight on its binding to insulin enhancer. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1995-2003. [PMID: 22476346 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An expedient chemical synthesis of a 75mer peptide corresponding to the DNA binding domain (DBD, 227-301) of the human MafA leucine zipper transcription factor is reported. The application of microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis (MW-SPPS) with a protocol modified respect to the standard one allowed obtaining the desired 75mer peptide in a short time with high quantity and optimal purity. MW-SPPS methodology was thus demonstrated as a valuable alternative to recombinant methods to obtain protein domains. Considering that recent findings suggest an involvement of MafA in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, we also performed circular dichroism studies both on DBD folding and its interaction with MafA recognition element (MARE) on insulin enhancer. From our results, it was evicted that a disorder to order transition occurs after DBD interaction with insulin MARE which is mediated by specific structural elements on the N-terminus of the DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Applicate ai Biosistemi, Sezione Chimica Organica, A. Marchesini, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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35
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Nakashima K, Shimoda M, Hamamoto S, Tatsumi F, Hirukawa H, Tawaramoto K, Kanda Y, Kaku K. Self-inducible secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that allows MIN6 cells to maintain insulin secretion and insure cell survival. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:281-8. [PMID: 22108438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that MIN6 cells could produce glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to maintain cell survival, we analyzed the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4 (Ex4), and antagonist, exendin-(9-39) (Ex9) on cell function and cell differentiation. MIN6 cells expressed proglucagon mRNAs and produced GLP-1, which was accelerated by Ex4 and suppressed by Ex9. Moreover, Ex4 further enhanced glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion, suggesting autocrine loop-contributed amplification of the GLP-1 signal. Ex4 up-regulated cell differentiation- and cell function-related CREBBP, Pdx-1, Pax6, proglucagon, and PC1/3 gene expressions. The confocal laser scanning images revealed that GLP-1 positive cells were dominant in the early stage of cells, but positive for insulin were more prominent in the mature stage of cells. Ex4 accelerated cell viability, while Ex9 and anti-GLP-1 receptor antibody enhanced cell apoptosis. MIN6 cells possess a mechanism of GLP-1 signal amplification in an autocrine fashion, by which the cells maintained insulin production and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakashima
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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36
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Briand O, Helleboid-Chapman A, Ploton M, Hennuyer N, Carpentier R, Pattou F, Vandewalle B, Moerman E, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Eeckhoute J, Staels B, Lefebvre P. The nuclear orphan receptor Nur77 is a lipotoxicity sensor regulating glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:399-413. [PMID: 22301783 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The NR4A orphan nuclear receptors Nur77, Nurr1, and Nor1 exert multiple cellular and metabolic functions. These transcriptional regulators are activated in response to extracellular stresses, including lipotoxic fatty acids (FA) and proinflammatory cytokines. The contribution of NR4As to β-cell pathophysiology is, however, unknown. We have therefore examined the role of NR4As as downstream contributors to FA-induced β-cell dysfunctions. Human pancreatic islets and insulinoma β-cells were used to determine transcriptional programs elicited by NR4A, which were compared to those triggered by palmitate treatment. Functional studies evaluated the consequence of an increased NR4A expression on insulin biosynthesis and secretion and cell viability in insulinoma β-cells. FA and cytokine treatment increased NR4A expression in pancreatic β-cells, with Nur77 being most highly inducible in murine β-cells. Nur77, Nurr1, or Nor1 modulated common and distinct clusters of genes involved notably in cation homeostasis and insulin gene transcription. By altering zinc homeostasis, insulin gene transcription, and secretion, Nur77 was found to be a major transcriptional mediator of part of FA-induced β-cell dysfunctions. The repressive role of Nur77 in insulin gene regulation was tracked down to protein-protein interaction with FoxO1, a pivotal integrator of the insulin gene regulatory network. The present study identifies a member of the NR4A nuclear receptor subclass, Nur77/NR4A1, as a modulator of pancreatic β-cell biology. Together with its previously documented role in liver and muscle, its role in β-cells establishes Nur77 as an important integrator of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Briand
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Faculté de Médecine de Lille-Pôle Recherche; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1011-Bâtiment J&K; Boulevard du Pr Leclerc, Lille cedex, France
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37
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Abstract
The incidence of and susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes increases with age, but the underlying mechanism(s) within beta cells that contribute to this increased susceptibility have not been fully elucidated. Here we review how aging affects the proliferative and regenerative capacity of beta cells and how this impacts beta cell mass. In addition we review changes that occur in beta cell function with age. Although we focus on the different rodent models that have provided insight into the characteristics of the aging beta cell, the limited knowledge from non-rodent models is also reviewed. Further studies are needed in order to identify potential beta cell targets for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetes that occurs with age.
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Abstract
Although various function of chemerin have been suggested, its physiological role remains to be elucidated. Here we show that chemerin-deficient mice are glucose intolerant irrespective of exhibiting reduced macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. The glucose intolerance was mainly due to increased hepatic glucose production and impaired insulin secretion. Chemerin and its receptor ChemR23 were expressed in β-cell. Studies using isolated islets and perfused pancreas revealed impaired glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GSIS) in chemerin-deficient mice. Conversely, chemerin transgenic mice revealed enhanced GSIS and improved glucose tolerance. Expression of MafA, a pivotal transcriptional factor for β-cell function, was downregulated in chemerin-deficient islets and a chemerin-ablated β-cell line and rescue of MafA expression restored GSIS, indicating that chemerin regulates β-cell function via maintaining MafA expression. These results indicate that chemerin regulates β-cell function and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis in a tissue-dependent manner.
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39
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Vargas N, Álvarez-Cubela S, Giraldo JA, Nieto M, Fort NM, Cechin S, García E, Espino-Grosso P, Fraker CA, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J. TAT-mediated transduction of MafA protein in utero results in enhanced pancreatic insulin expression and changes in islet morphology. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22364. [PMID: 21857924 PMCID: PMC3150355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside Pdx1 and Beta2/NeuroD, the transcription factor MafA has been shown to be instrumental in the maintenance of the beta cell phenotype. Indeed, a combination of MafA, Pdx1 and Ngn3 (an upstream regulator of Beta2/NeuroD) was recently reported to lead to the effective reprogramming of acinar cells into insulin-producing beta cells. These experiments set the stage for the development of new strategies to address the impairment of glycemic control in diabetic patients. However, the clinical applicability of reprogramming in this context is deemed to be poor due to the need to use viral vehicles for the delivery of the above factors. Here we describe a recombinant transducible version of the MafA protein (TAT-MafA) that penetrates across cell membranes with an efficiency of 100% and binds to the insulin promoter in vitro. When injected in utero into living mouse embryos, TAT-MafA significantly up-regulates target genes and induces enhanced insulin production as well as cytoarchitectural changes consistent with faster islet maturation. As the latest addition to our armamentarium of transducible proteins (which already includes Pdx1 and Ngn3), the purification and characterization of a functional TAT-MafA protein opens the door to prospective therapeutic uses that circumvent the use of viral delivery. To our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of protein transduction in utero.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/cytology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics
- Maf Transcription Factors, Large/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreas/embryology
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
- Uterus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jaime A. Giraldo
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margarita Nieto
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M. Fort
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sirlene Cechin
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Enrique García
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pedro Espino-Grosso
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Fraker
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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40
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Lu J, Luo H, Wu H, Lan MS, Tan J, Lu D. Recombinant MafA protein containing its own protein transduction domain stimulates insulin gene expression in IEC-6 cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The promise of islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes has been hampered by the lack of a renewable source of insulin-producing cells. However, steadfast advances in the field have set the stage for stem cell-based approaches to take over in the near future. This review focuses on the most intriguing findings reported in recent years, which include not only progress in adult and embryonic stem cell differentiation, but also the direct reprogramming of nonendocrine tissues into insulin-producing beta cells. RECENT FINDINGS In spite of their potential for tumorigenesis, human embryonic stem (hES) cells are poised to be in clinical trials within the next decade. This situation is mainly due to the preclinical success of a differentiation method that recapitulates beta cell development. In contrast, adult stem cells still need one such gold standard of differentiation, and progress is somewhat impeded by the lack of consensus on the best source. A concerted effort is necessary to bring their potential to clinical fruition. In the meantime, reported success in reprogramming might offer a 'third way' towards the rescue of pancreatic endocrine function. SUMMARY Here we discuss the important strategic decisions that need to be made in order to maximize the therapeutic chances of each of the presented approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; 1450 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; 1450 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; 1450 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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42
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Vanderford NL. Comment on: Matsuoka et al. (2010) Regulation of MafA expression in pancreatic beta-cells in db/db mice with diabetes. Diabetes;59:1709-1720. Diabetes 2010; 59:e23. [PMID: 20805381 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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Bourane S, Garces A, Venteo S, Pattyn A, Hubert T, Fichard A, Puech S, Boukhaddaoui H, Baudet C, Takahashi S, Valmier J, Carroll P. Low-threshold mechanoreceptor subtypes selectively express MafA and are specified by Ret signaling. Neuron 2010; 64:857-70. [PMID: 20064392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons (LTMs) of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are essential for touch sensation. They form highly specialized terminations in the skin and display stereotyped projections in the spinal cord. Functionally defined LTMs depend on neurotrophin signaling for their postnatal survival and functioning, but how these neurons arise during development is unknown. Here, we show that specific types of LTMs can be identified shortly after DRG genesis by unique expression of the MafA transcription factor, the Ret receptor and coreceptor GFRalpha2, and find that their specification is Ngn2 dependent. In mice lacking Ret, these LTMs display early differentiation defects, as revealed by reduced MafA expression, and at later stages their central and peripheral projections are compromised. Moreover, in MafA mutants, a discrete subset of LTMs display altered expression of neurotrophic factor receptors. Our results provide evidence that genetic interactions involving Ret and MafA progressively promote the differentiation and diversification of LTMs.
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Xu C, Kim NG, Gumbiner BM. Regulation of protein stability by GSK3 mediated phosphorylation. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:4032-9. [PMID: 19923896 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.24.10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) plays important roles in numerous signaling pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and embryonic development. In the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, GSK3 phosphorylation mediates proteasomal targeting and degradation of beta-catenin via the destruction complex. We recently reported a biochemical screen that discovered multiple additional protein substrates whose stability is regulated by Wnt signaling and/or GSK3 and these have important implications for Wnt/GSK3 regulation of different cellular processes.(1) In this article, we also present a bio-informatics based screen for proteins whose stability may be controlled by GSK3 and beta-Trcp, the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for beta-catenin degradation in the Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we review various GSK3 regulated proteolysis substrates described in the literature. We propose that GSK3 phosphorylation dependent proteolysis is a widespread mechanism that the cell employs to regulate a variety of cell processes in response to signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Graduate Program of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Transcription factor Glis3, a novel critical player in the regulation of pancreatic beta-cell development and insulin gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:6366-79. [PMID: 19805515 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01259-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report that the Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) is induced during the secondary transition of pancreatic development, a stage of cell lineage specification and extensive patterning, and that Glis3(zf/zf) mutant mice develop neonatal diabetes, evidenced by hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. The Glis3(zf/zf) mutant mouse pancreas shows a dramatic loss of beta and delta cells, contrasting a smaller relative loss of alpha, PP, and epsilon cells. In addition, Glis3(zf/zf) mutant mice develop ductal cysts, while no significant changes were observed in acini. Gene expression profiling and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the expression of pancreatic hormones and several transcription factors important in endocrine cell development, including Ngn3, MafA, and Pdx1, were significantly decreased in the developing pancreata of Glis3(zf/zf) mutant mice. The population of pancreatic progenitors appears not to be greatly affected in Glis3(zf/zf) mutant mice; however, the number of neurogenin 3 (Ngn3)-positive endocrine cell progenitors is significantly reduced. Our study indicates that Glis3 plays a key role in cell lineage specification, particularly in the development of mature pancreatic beta cells. In addition, we provide evidence that Glis3 regulates insulin gene expression through two Glis-binding sites in its proximal promoter, indicating that Glis3 also regulates beta-cell function.
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Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Kawashima S, Yamamoto K, Kato K, Miyatsuka T, Katakami N, Matsuhisa M. Role of MafA in pancreatic beta-cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:489-96. [PMID: 19393272 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell-specific insulin gene expression is regulated by a variety of pancreatic transcription factors and the conserved A3, C1 and E1 elements in the insulin gene enhancer region are very important for activation of insulin gene. Indeed, PDX-1 binding to the A3 element and NeuroD binding to the E1 element are crucial for insulin gene transcription. Recently, C1 element-binding transcription factor was identified as MafA, which is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor and functions as a potent transactivator for the insulin gene. Under diabetic conditions, chronic hyperglycemia gradually deteriorates pancreatic beta-cell function, which is accompanied by decreased expression and/or DNA binding activities of MafA and PDX-1. Furthermore, MafA overexpression, together with PDX-1 and NeuroD, markedly induces insulin biosynthesis in various non-beta-cells and thereby is a useful tool to efficiently induce insulin-producing surrogate beta-cells. These results suggest that MafA plays a crucial role in pancreatic beta-cells and could be a novel therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Ben-Yehudah A, White C, Navara CS, Castro CA, Ize-Ludlow D, Shaffer B, Sukhwani M, Mathews CE, Chaillet JR, Witchel SF. Evaluating protocols for embryonic stem cell differentiation into insulin-secreting beta-cells using insulin II-GFP as a specific and noninvasive reporter. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:245-57. [PMID: 19508115 PMCID: PMC2996248 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable and full differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into functional beta-cells offers the potential to treat type I diabetes with a theoretically inexhaustible source of replacement cells. In addition to the difficulties in directed differentiation, progress toward an optimized and reliable protocol has been hampered by the complication that cultured cells will concentrate insulin from the media, thus making it difficult to tell which, if any, cells are producing insulin. To address this, we utilized a novel murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) research model, in which the green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been inserted within the C-peptide of the mouse insulinII gene (InsulinII-GFP). Using this method, cells producing insulin are easily identified. We then compared four published protocols for differentiating mESCs into beta-cells to evaluate their relative efficiency by assaying intrinsic insulin production. Cells differentiated using each protocol were easily distinguished based on culture conditions and morphology. This comparison is strengthened because all testing is performed within the same laboratory by the same researchers, thereby removing interlaboratory variability in culture, cells, or analysis. Differentiated cells were analyzed and sorted based on GFP fluorescence as compared to wild type cells. Each differentiation protocol increased GFP fluorescence but only modestly. None of these protocols yielded more than 3% of cells capable of insulin biosynthesis indicating the relative inefficiency of all analyzed protocols. Therefore, improved beta-cells differentiation protocols are needed, and these insulin II GFP cells may prove to be an important tool to accelerate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmi Ben-Yehudah
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh Development Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Shao C, Cobb MH. Sumoylation regulates the transcriptional activity of MafA in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:3117-3124. [PMID: 19029092 PMCID: PMC2631948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806286200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MafA is a transcriptional regulator expressed primarily in pancreatic beta cells. It binds to the RIPE3b/C1-binding site within the ins gene promoter, which plays a critical role in regulating ins gene expression in response to glucose. Here, we show that MafA is post-translationally modified by the small ubiquitin-related modifiers SUMO-1 and -2. Mutation of a single site in MafA, Lys(32), blocks its sumoylation in beta cells. Incubation of beta cells in low glucose (2 mm) or exposure to hydrogen peroxide increases sumoylation of endogenous MafA. Forced sumoylation of MafA results in reduced transcriptional activity toward the ins gene promoter and increased suppression of the CHOP-10 gene promoter. Sumoylation of MafA has no apparent effect on either its nuclear localization in beta cells or its ubiquitin-dependent degradation. This study suggests that modification of MafA by SUMO modulates gene transcription and thereby beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041.
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Tanaka A, Kaneto H, Miyatsuka T, Yamamoto K, Yoshiuchi K, Yamasaki Y, Shimomura I, Matsuoka TA, Matsuhisa M. Role of copper ion in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2009; 56:699-706. [PMID: 19461160 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k09e-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced under diabetic conditions and are likely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. It is also known that ROS production is facilitated in the presence of copper ion through the Fenton reaction. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of copper ion in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the potential usefulness of a copper chelating agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. First, both serum copper ion and ROS levels in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were significantly higher compared to those in nondiabetic mice. Second, we treated diabetic db/db mice with a copper chelating agent tetrathiomolybdate and examined the effects on the development of type 2 diabetes. As the results, both serum copper ion and ROS levels were significantly decreased by the treatment, which were equivalent to those in non-diabetic mice. Consequently, the treatment with a copper chelating agent reduced insulin resistance and ameliorated glucose intolerance in diabetic db/db mice. In addition, serum triglyceride levels were also decreased by the treatment. In conclusion, our present results suggest that copper ion is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes and thereby a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Chen TH, Yeh CT, Ho YP, Hsu CM, Huang CC, Shiau SS, Liang CK, Chang ML. Hydrodynamics-based transfection of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 DNA improves hyperglycemia and is associated with limited complications in diabetic mice. Endocr J 2009; 56:783-90. [PMID: 19561381 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k09e-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biohazards caused by the viral delivery of pancreatic duodenal homeobox gene 1 (Pdx1) to the murine liver limits its application. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of hydrodynamics-based transfection (HBT) with Pdx1 in improving hyperglycemia. Murine hepatocellular carcinoma (Hepa1-6) cells were transfected with the Pdx1-expressing plasmid, pcDNA3.1/V5-His A (pcDNA)-Pdx1. Hepatic delivery of pcDNA-Pdx1 or pcDNA in streptozocin- induced diabetic mice was achieved by HBT. The sequential serum glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were assessed. On the 3(rd) day after transfection, the transfection efficiency in the Hepa1-6 cells and the mice livers was 5% and 0.35 %, respectively. At 1 wk after HBT, asides from hepatic expression of insulin, the diabetic mice transfected with pcDNA-Pdx1 had a significantly lower sugar (211 +/- 61.6 vs. 413 +/- 62 mg/dL; p = 0.002) level than those transfected with pcDNA; however, the difference diminished afterward. No significant difference in the ALT levels was observed between the 2 groups. No mortality was noted in the mice transfected with pcDNA-Pdx1. The hypoglycemic effect of Pdx1 delivered by HBT was transient and associated with negligible complications. In studies on the short-term biological effects of Pdx1 in vivo, HBT is a potential alternative to viral delivery of Pdx1 to the murine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsing Chen
- Liver Research Center and Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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