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Baglivo I, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Colantuono S, Menzella F, Selvaggio D, Carpagnano GE, Caruso C. The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5747. [PMID: 38891935 PMCID: PMC11171572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier damage plays a central role in the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation. Rises in the epithelial barrier permeability of airways alter tissue homeostasis and allow the penetration of allergens and other external agents. Different factors contribute to barrier impairment, such as eosinophilic infiltration and allergen protease action-eosinophilic cationic proteins' effects and allergens' proteolytic activity both contribute significantly to epithelial damage. In the airways, allergen proteases degrade the epithelial junctional proteins, allowing allergen penetration and its uptake by dendritic cells. This increase in allergen-immune system interaction induces the release of alarmins and the activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways, causing or worsening the main symptoms at the skin, bowel, and respiratory levels. We aim to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying allergenic protease-induced epithelial barrier damage and the role of immune response in allergic asthma onset, maintenance, and progression. Moreover, we will explore potential clinical and radiological biomarkers of airway remodeling in allergic asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital-AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - David Selvaggio
- UOS di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio Ospedale Cristo Re, 00167 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Valdez RM, Rivera BN, Chang Y, Pennington JM, Fischer KA, Löhr CV, Tilton SC. Assessing susceptibility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity in an in vitro 3D respiratory model for asthma. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1287863. [PMID: 38706568 PMCID: PMC11066177 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increased emphasis on understanding cumulative risk from the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors as it relates to public health. Recent animal studies have identified pulmonary inflammation as a possible modifier and risk factor for chemical toxicity in the lung after exposure to inhaled pollutants; however, little is known about specific interactions and potential mechanisms of action. In this study, primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) cultured in 3D at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are utilized as a physiologically relevant model to evaluate the effects of inflammation on toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of contaminants generated from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Normal HBEC were differentiated in the presence of IL-13 for 14 days to induce a profibrotic phenotype similar to asthma. Fully differentiated normal and IL-13 phenotype HBEC were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BAP; 1-40 μg/mL) or 1% DMSO/PBS vehicle at the ALI for 48 h. Cells were evaluated for cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, and transcriptional biomarkers of chemical metabolism and inflammation by quantitative PCR. Cells with the IL-13 phenotype treated with BAP result in significantly (p < 0.05) decreased barrier integrity, less than 50% compared to normal cells. The effect of BAP in the IL-13 phenotype was more apparent when evaluating transcriptional biomarkers of barrier integrity in addition to markers of mucus production, goblet cell hyperplasia, type 2 asthmatic inflammation and chemical metabolism, which all resulted in dose-dependent changes (p < 0.05) in the presence of BAP. Additionally, RNA sequencing data showed that the HBEC with the IL-13 phenotype may have increased potential for uncontrolled proliferation and decreased capacity for immune response after BAP exposure compared to normal phenotype HBEC. These data are the first to evaluate the role of combined environmental factors associated with inflammation from pre-existing disease and PAH exposure on pulmonary toxicity in a physiologically relevant human in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reese M. Valdez
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brianna N. Rivera
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yvonne Chang
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jamie M. Pennington
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kay A. Fischer
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Lee PH, Choi SM, An MH, Hwang DY, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Nectin4 is a potential therapeutic target for asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049900. [PMID: 36457999 PMCID: PMC9707334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nectins comprise a family of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Neither the biological significance nor clinical potential of Nectin4 for asthma has been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to elucidate the role of Nectin4 in airway inflammation and to determine the relationship between Nectin4 and clinical variables in patients with asthma. METHODS The relationship between Nectin4 levels in the blood of asthmatic patients and clinical variables was examined. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 (Der p1)-exposed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and Nectin4-deficient (Nectin4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), were used to investigate the involvement of Nectin4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via the Src/Rac1 pathway. RESULTS Plasma Nectin4 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than controls and correlated with specific IgE D1, D2, lung function. The ROC curves for Nectin4 levels differed between asthma patients and controls. Nectin4/Afadin and Src/Rac1 levels were significantly increased in NHBE cells exposed to Der p1, but decreased in NHBE cells treated with Nectin4 siRNA. Airway obstruction and inflammation, as well as the levels of Th2 cytokines, Nectin4, and Src/Rac1, were increased in WT OVA/OVA mice compared with WT sham mice. Nectin4 knockdown resulted in lower levels of Afadin and Src/Rac1 in Nectin4-/-OVA/OVA than WT OVA/OVA mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Nectin4 is involved in airway inflammation and may be a therapeutic target in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Seon Muk Choi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyeok An
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Hwang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Graduate School of Soonchunhyang University, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Paucigranulocytic Asthma: Potential Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Therapeutic Management. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050850. [PMID: 35629272 PMCID: PMC9145917 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation, in which several phenotypes have been described, related to the age of onset, symptoms, inflammatory characteristics and treatment response. The identification of the inflammatory phenotype in asthma is very useful, since it allows for both the recognition of the asthmatic triggering factor as well as the optimization of treatment The paucigranulocytic phenotype of asthma (PGA) is characterized by sputum eosinophil levels <1−3% and sputum neutrophil levels < 60%. The precise characteristics and the pathobiology of PGA are not fully understood, and, in some cases, it seems to represent a previous eosinophilic phenotype with a good response to anti-inflammatory treatment. However, many patients with PGA remain uncontrolled and experience asthmatic symptoms and exacerbations, irrespective of the low grade of airway inflammation. This observation leads to the hypothesis that PGA might also be either a special phenotype driven by different kinds of cells, such as macrophages or mast cells, or a non-inflammatory phenotype with a low grade of eosinophilic inflammation. In this review, we aim to describe the special characteristics of PGA and the potential therapeutic interventions that could be offered to these patients.
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Wang J, Zhang W, Jin Z, Ding Y, Zhang S, Wu D, Cao Y. A lethal model of Leptospira infection in hamster nasal mucosa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010191. [PMID: 35192629 PMCID: PMC8863242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a fatal zoonosis caused by contact between skin or a mucosal surface and contaminated soil or water. Hamsters were infected by intraperitoneal injection fto establish experimental leptospirosis, which is not a natural route of infection. There are no reports of nasal mucosal infection in hamsters. In this study, infection of the nasal mucosa was performed to establish a model of natural infection. Both methods of infection can cause lethal models with similar symptoms in the later stages of infection, such as weight loss, blood concentration, increased neutrophils (GRAN), and decreased lymphocytes (LYM) in the blood, severe organ damage and liver function obstruction. The burden of Leptospira in the organs and blood was lower in the mucosal inoculation groups at 1 day after infection. However, mucosal infection induced a higher Leptospira burden in urine than intraperitoneal infection in the late stages of infection. After nasal mucosal infection, antibody levels were higher and lasted longer. These results indicated that the route of nasal mucosal infection is a good choice for studying leptospirosis in hamsters. The establishment of a leptospirosis experimental model is still key to elucidating the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. Hamsters were infected by intraperitoneal injection to establish experimental leptospirosis, although this is not a natural route of infection. The transmission characteristics of Leptospira and the disease progression in hamsters infected by a natural transmission route (e.g. through mucosal surfaces) had not been explored. In this study, we compared the dynamics of Leptospira infection in hamsters inoculated via the nasal mucosa or by intraperitoneal inoculation, and compared the burden of Leptospira and the level of antibodies produced with disease progression, such as body weight, serology, haematological changes and histopathological changes. Our data suggested that there are significant differences in the dynamics of infection between intraperitoneal and mucosal infection pathways. Although the result was the same in the later stage of infection, the course of mucosal infection was slower, which may better recapitulate the natural history of the disease, assist in studying kidney disease caused by Leptospira, and provide an animal model for the study of leptospirosis mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianjun Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DW); (YC)
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (DW); (YC)
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Involvement and therapeutic implications of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation of asthma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:519-531. [PMID: 35170505 PMCID: PMC8920422 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma, which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe. The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community. The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter- and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation. Accordingly, preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma. This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma, the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier, and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity. The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed. In addition, the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants, and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.
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Perotin JM, Wheway G, Tariq K, Azim A, Ridley RA, Ward JA, Schofield JP, Barber C, Howarth P, Davies DE, Djukanovic R. Vulnerability to acid reflux of the airway epithelium in severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.01634-2021. [PMID: 34996831 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01634-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is associated with multiple co-morbidities, including gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) which can contribute to exacerbation frequency and poor quality of life. Since epithelial dysfunction is an important feature in asthma, we hypothesised that in severe asthma the bronchial epithelium is more susceptible to the effects of acid reflux. METHODS We developed an in vitro model of GORD using differentiated bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from normal or severe asthmatic donors exposed to a combination of pepsin, acid pH, and bile acids using a multiple challenge protocol (MCP-PAB). We also analysed bronchial biopsies and undertook RNA-sequencing of bronchial brushings from controls and severe asthmatics without or with GORD. RESULTS Exposure of BECs to the MCP-PAB caused structural disruption, increased permeability, IL-33 expression, inflammatory mediator release and changes in gene expression for multiple biological processes. Cultures from severe asthmatics were significantly more affected than those from healthy donors. Analysis of bronchial biopsies confirmed increased IL-33 expression in severe asthmatics with GORD. RNA-sequencing of bronchial brushings from this group identified 15 of the top 37 dysregulated genes found in MCP-PAB treated BECs, including genes involved in oxidative stress responses. CONCLUSIONS By affecting epithelial permeability, GORD may increase exposure of the airway submucosa to allergens and pathogens, resulting in increased risk of inflammation and exacerbations. CLINICAL IMPLICATION These results suggest the need for research into alternative therapeutic management of GORD in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK .,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, UMRS1250, University Hospital of Reims, France
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kamran Tariq
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Adnan Azim
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert A Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan A Ward
- The Histochemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Pr Schofield
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clair Barber
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Howarth
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,joint senior authors
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,joint senior authors
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Lee PH, Park S, Lee YG, Choi SM, An MH, Jang AS. The Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Barrier Dysfunction in Respiratory Disease. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:850-862. [PMID: 34734504 PMCID: PMC8569032 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.6.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory epithelial cells form a selective barrier between the outside environment and underlying tissues. Epithelial cells are polarized and form specialized cell-cell junctions, known as the apical junctional complex (AJC). Assembly and disassembly of the AJC regulates epithelial morphogenesis and remodeling processes. The AJC consists of tight and adherens junctions, functions as a barrier and boundary, and plays a role in signal transduction. Endothelial junction proteins play important roles in tissue integrity and vascular permeability, leukocyte extravasation, and angiogenesis. Air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, and biologic contaminants penetrate deep into the airways, reaching the bronchioles and alveoli before entering the bloodstream to trigger airway inflammation. Pollutants accumulating in the lungs exacerbate the symptoms of respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Biological contaminants include bacteria, viruses, animal dander and cat saliva, house dust mites, cockroaches, and pollen. Allergic inflammation develops in tissues such as the lung and skin with large epithelial surface areas exposed to the environment. Barrier dysfunction in the lung allows allergens and environmental pollutants to activate the epithelium and produce cytokines that promote the induction and development of immune responses. In this article, we review the impact of environmental pollutants on the cell barrier in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Gi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Seon-Muk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Min-Hyeok An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Effects of Air Pollutants on Airway Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189905. [PMID: 34574829 PMCID: PMC8465980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants include toxic particles and gases emitted in large quantities from many different combustible materials. They also include particulate matter (PM) and ozone, and biological contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which can penetrate the human airway and reach the bloodstream, triggering airway inflammation, dysfunction, and fibrosis. Pollutants that accumulate in the lungs exacerbate symptoms of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Asthma, a heterogeneous disease with complex pathological mechanisms, is characterized by particular symptoms such as shortness of breath, a tight chest, coughing, and wheezing. Patients with COPD often experience exacerbations and worsening of symptoms, which may result in hospitalization and disease progression. PM varies in terms of composition, and can include solid and liquid particles of various sizes. PM concentrations are higher in urban areas. Ozone is one of the most toxic photochemical air pollutants. In general, air pollution decreases quality of life and life expectancy. It exacerbates acute and chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, and increases the morbidity and risk of hospitalization associated with respiratory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Therefore, we reviewed the impact of air pollutants on airway diseases such as asthma and COPD, focusing on their underlying mechanisms.
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Chorioamnionitis induces changes in ovine pulmonary endogenous epithelial stem/progenitor cells in utero. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:549-558. [PMID: 33070161 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chorioamnionitis, an intrauterine infection of the placenta and fetal membranes, is a common risk factor for adverse pulmonary outcomes in premature infants including BPD, which is characterized by an arrest in alveolar development. As endogenous epithelial stem/progenitor cells are crucial for organogenesis and tissue repair, we examined whether intrauterine inflammation negatively affects these essential progenitor pools. METHODS In an ovine chorioamnionitis model, fetuses were intra-amniotically exposed to LPS, 2d or 7d (acute inflammation) before preterm delivery at 125d of gestation, or to intra-amniotic Ureaplasma parvum for 42d (chronic inflammation). Lung function, pulmonary endogenous epithelial stem/progenitor pools, and downstream functional markers were studied. RESULTS Lung function was improved in the 7d LPS and 42d Ureaplasma groups. However, intrauterine inflammation caused a loss of P63+ basal cells in proximal airways and reduced SOX-9 expression and TTF-1+ Club cells in distal airways. Attenuated type-2 cell numbers were associated with lower proliferation and reduced type-1 cell marker Aqp5 expression, indicative for impaired progenitor function. Chronic Ureaplasma infection only affected distal airways, whereas acute inflammation affected stem/progenitor populations throughout the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic prenatal inflammation improve lung function at the expense of stem/progenitor alterations that potentially disrupt normal lung development, thereby predisposing to adverse postnatal outcomes. IMPACT In this study, prenatal inflammation improved lung function at the expense of stem/progenitor alterations that potentially disrupt normal lung development, thereby predisposing to adverse postnatal outcomes. Importantly, we demonstrate that these essential alterations can already be initiated before birth. So far, stem/progenitor dysfunction has only been shown postnatally. This study indicates that clinical protocols to target the consequences of perinatal inflammatory stress for the immature lungs should be initiated as early as possible and ideally in utero. Within this context, our data suggest that interventions, which promote function or repair of endogenous stem cells in the lungs, hold great promise.
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12
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Aboushousha R, Elko E, Chia SB, Manuel AM, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, MacPherson M, Erickson C, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Wouters EFM, Reynaert NL, Lam YW, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Seward DJ, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Glutathionylation chemistry promotes interleukin-1 beta-mediated glycolytic reprogramming and pro-inflammatory signaling in lung epithelial cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21525. [PMID: 33817836 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002687rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a well-known process by which metabolically active cells, such as tumor or immune cells meet their high metabolic demands. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that in airway epithelial cells, the pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) induces glycolysis and that this contributes to allergic airway inflammation and remodeling. Activation of glycolysis is known to increase NADPH reducing equivalents generated from the pentose phosphate pathway, linking metabolic reprogramming with redox homeostasis. In addition, numerous glycolytic enzymes are known to be redox regulated. However, whether and how redox chemistry regulates metabolic reprogramming more generally remains unclear. In this study, we employed a multi-omics approach in primary mouse airway basal cells to evaluate the role of protein redox biochemistry, specifically protein glutathionylation, in mediating metabolic reprogramming. Our findings demonstrate that IL1B induces glutathionylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic regulation, notably in the glycolysis pathway. Cells lacking Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx), the enzyme responsible for reversing glutathionylation, show modulation of multiple metabolic pathways including an enhanced IL1B-induced glycolytic response. This was accompanied by increased secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine important in asthma pathogenesis. Targeted inhibition of glycolysis prevented TSLP release, confirming the functional relevance of enhanced glycolysis in cells stimulated with IL1B. Collectively, data herein point to an intriguing link between glutathionylation chemistry and glycolytic reprogramming in epithelial cells and suggest that glutathionylation chemistry may represent a therapeutic target in pulmonary pathologies with perturbations in the glycolysis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Shi B Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Allison M Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maximilian MacPherson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Cuixia Erickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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13
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Bayarri MA, Milara J, Estornut C, Cortijo J. Nitric Oxide System and Bronchial Epithelium: More Than a Barrier. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687381. [PMID: 34276407 PMCID: PMC8279772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium forms a physical barrier that protects the lung from the entrance of inhaled allergens, irritants, or microorganisms. This epithelial structure is maintained by tight junctions, adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent the diffusion of soluble mediators or proteins between apical and basolateral cell surfaces. This apical junctional complex also participates in several signaling pathways involved in gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, the airway epithelium can produce chemokines and cytokines that trigger the activation of the immune response. Disruption of this complex by some inflammatory, profibrotic, and carcinogens agents can provoke epithelial barrier dysfunction that not only contributes to an increase of viral and bacterial infection, but also alters the normal function of epithelial cells provoking several lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF) or lung cancer, among others. While nitric oxide (NO) molecular pathway has been linked with endothelial function, less is known about the role of the NO system on the bronchial epithelium and airway epithelial cells function in physiological and different pathologic scenarios. Several data indicate that the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is altered in lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis, and cancer among others, and that reactive oxygen species mediate uncoupling NO to promote the increase of peroxynitrite levels, thus inducing bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, iNOS and the intracellular pathway sGC-cGMP-PKG are dysregulated in bronchial epithelial cells from patients with lung inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancies which represents an attractive drug molecular target. In this review we describe in detail current knowledge of the effect of NOS-NO-GC-cGMP-PKG pathway activation and disruption in bronchial epithelial cells barrier integrity and its contribution in different lung diseases, focusing on bronchial epithelial cell permeability, inflammation, transformation, migration, apoptosis/necrosis, and proliferation, as well as the specific NO molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Borkar NA, Roos B, Prakash YS, Sathish V, Pabelick CM. Nicotinic α7 acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in human airway smooth muscle. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108897. [PMID: 34004182 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diseases such as asthma are exacerbated by inflammation, cigarette smoke and even nicotine delivery devices such as e-cigarettes. However, there is currently little information on how nicotine affects airways, particularly in humans, and changes in the context of inflammation or asthma. Here, a longstanding assumption is that airway smooth muscle (ASM) that is key to bronchoconstriction has muscarinic receptors while nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are only on airway neurons. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that human ASM expresses α7nAChR and explored its profile in inflammation and asthma using ASM of non-asthmatics vs. mild-moderate asthmatics. mRNA and western analysis showed the α7 subunit is most expressed in ASM cells and further increased in asthmatics and smokers, or by exposure to nicotine, cigarette smoke or pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-13. In these effects, signaling pathways relevant to asthma such as NFκB, AP-1 and CREB are involved. These novel data demonstrate the expression of α7nAChR in human ASM and suggest their potential role in asthma pathophysiology in the context of nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Benjamin Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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15
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Cremades-Jimeno L, de Pedro MÁ, López-Ramos M, Sastre J, Mínguez P, Fernández IM, Baos S, Cárdaba B. Prioritizing Molecular Biomarkers in Asthma and Respiratory Allergy Using Systems Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640791. [PMID: 33936056 PMCID: PMC8081895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergy remain a pressing health challenge. Currently, there is an unmet need for precise diagnostic tools capable of predicting the great heterogeneity of these illnesses. In a previous study of 94 asthma/respiratory allergy biomarker candidates, we defined a group of potential biomarkers to distinguish clinical phenotypes (i.e. nonallergic asthma, allergic asthma, respiratory allergy without asthma) and disease severity. Here, we analyze our experimental results using complex algorithmic approaches that establish holistic disease models (systems biology), combining these insights with information available in specialized databases developed worldwide. With this approach, we aim to prioritize the most relevant biomarkers according to their specificity and mechanistic implication with molecular motifs of the diseases. The Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics’ TPMS technology) was used to generate one mathematical model per disease: allergic asthma (AA), non-allergic asthma (NA), and respiratory allergy (RA), defining specific molecular motifs for each. The relationship of our molecular biomarker candidates and each disease was analyzed by artificial neural networks (ANNs) scores. These analyses prioritized molecular biomarkers specific to the diseases and to particular molecular motifs. As a first step, molecular characterization of the pathophysiological processes of AA defined 16 molecular motifs: 2 specific for AA, 2 shared with RA, and 12 shared with NA. Mechanistic analysis showed 17 proteins that were strongly related to AA. Eleven proteins were associated with RA and 16 proteins with NA. Specificity analysis showed that 12 proteins were specific to AA, 7 were specific to RA, and 2 to NA. Finally, a triggering analysis revealed a relevant role for AKT1, STAT1, and MAPK13 in all three conditions and for TLR4 in asthmatic diseases (AA and NA). In conclusion, this study has enabled us to prioritize biomarkers depending on the functionality associated with each disease and with specific molecular motifs, which could improve the definition and usefulness of new molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles de Pedro
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María López-Ramos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mínguez
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hellings PW, Steelant B. Epithelial barriers in allergy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 145:1499-1509. [PMID: 32507228 PMCID: PMC7270816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium provides a physical, functional, and immunologic barrier to protect the host from the potential harming effects of inhaled environmental particles and to guarantee maintenance of a healthy state of the host. When compromised, activation of immune/inflammatory responses against exogenous allergens, microbial substances, and pollutants might occur, rendering individuals prone to develop chronic inflammation as seen in allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma. The airway epithelium in asthma and upper airway diseases is dysfunctional due to disturbed tight junction formation. By putting the epithelial barrier to the forefront of the pathophysiology of airway inflammation, different approaches to diagnose and target epithelial barrier defects are currently being developed. Using single-cell transcriptomics, novel epithelial cell types are being unraveled that might play a role in chronicity of respiratory diseases. We here review and discuss the current understandings of epithelial barrier defects in type 2-driven chronic inflammation of the upper and lower airways, the estimated contribution of these novel identified epithelial cells to disease, and the current clinical challenges in relation to diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Hellings
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ghent, Laboratory of Upper Airway Research, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brecht Steelant
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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17
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Lee YG, Lee SH, Hong J, Lee PH, Jang AS. Titanium dioxide particles modulate epithelial barrier protein, Claudin 7 in asthma. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:209-216. [PMID: 33483086 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier dysfunction is involved in allergic inflammation and asthma, due to increased exposure of sub-epithelial tissues to inhaled allergens and air pollutants. The tight junction proteins claudins (CLDNs) are important regulators of paracellular permeability. CLDN7 is expressed in the alveolar epithelium; however, its contribution to airway barrier function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TiO2 on epithelial barrier function in asthma. Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA or exposed to TiO2 on days 21-23. The effect of TiO2 on CLDN7 was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The levels of CLDN7 in the plasma of patients with asthma and healthy individuals were also examined. CLDN7 levels were lower in plasma from patients with asthma compared with healthy individuals. CLDN7 levels were associated with FEV1/FVC and the blood eosinophils (%) in patients with asthma. Although CLDN7 expression was elevated in the lungs of mice with asthma and in NHBE cells treated with HDM extracts, its expression was suppressed by exposure to TiO2. p-AKT and p-ERK was increased in asthmatic mice and decreased in mice with TiO2 treatment. p-AKT and p-ERK was decreased in NHBE cells treated with TiO2 and HDM extracts. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was higher in NHBE cells treated with TiO2 or HDM extracts; however, this was decreased by concurrent TiO2 and HDM extracts treatment. Our data suggest that particulate matter contributes to airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and results in airway inflammation and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Michalski JE, Schwartz DA. Genetic Risk Factors for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights into Immunopathogenesis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1305-1318. [PMID: 33447070 PMCID: PMC7801923 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s280958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an etiologically complex interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of the lungs with a subsequent decline in lung function. While much of the pathogenesis of IPF still remains unclear, it is now understood that genetic variation accounts for at least one-third of the risk of developing the disease. The single-most validated and most significant risk factor, genetic or otherwise, is a gain-of-function promoter variant in the MUC5B gene. While the functional impact of these IPF risk variants at the cellular and tissue levels are areas of active investigation, there is a growing body of evidence that these genetic variants may influence disease pathogenesis through modulation of innate immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Michalski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Richards LB, Li M, Folkerts G, Henricks PA, Garssen J, van Esch BC. Butyrate and Propionate Restore the Cytokine and House Dust Mite Compromised Barrier Function of Human Bronchial Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010065. [PMID: 33374733 PMCID: PMC7793466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrier dysfunction of airway epithelium contributes to the development of allergies, airway hyper-responsiveness and immunological respiratory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) enhance and restore the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. This study investigated whether acetate, propionate and butyrate enhance the integrity of bronchial epithelial cells. Differentiating human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) grown on transwells were exposed to butyrate, propionate and acetate while trans-epithelial electrical resistance was monitored over time. Restorative effects of SCFA were investigated by subsequent incubation of cells with IL-4, IL-13 or house dust mite extract and SCFA. SCFA effects on IL-4-induced cytokine production and the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathways were investigated by ELISA and Western blot assays. Propionate and butyrate enhanced the barrier function of differentiating 16HBE cells and induced complete recovery of the barrier function after exposure to the above-mentioned stimuli. Butyrate decreased IL-4-induced IL-6 production. IL-4 decreased ZO-1 protein expression and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in 16HBE cells, both of which could be restored by SCFA. SCFA showed prophylactic and restorative effects on airway epithelial barrier function, which might be induced by increased ZO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi B. Richards
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Li
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Paul A.J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C.A.M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.B.R.); (M.L.); (G.F.); (P.A.J.H.); (J.G.)
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-62-573-2735
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20
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Bissonnette EY, Lauzon-Joset JF, Debley JS, Ziegler SF. Cross-Talk Between Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells is Essential to Maintain Lung Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583042. [PMID: 33178214 PMCID: PMC7593577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in inhaled air. Resident cells must keep lung homeostasis and eliminate pathogens by inducing protective immune response and silently remove innocuous particles. Which lung cell type is crucial for this function is still subject to debate, with reports favoring either alveolar macrophages (AMs) or lung epithelial cells (ECs) including airway and alveolar ECs. AMs are the main immune cells in the lung in steady-state and their function is mainly to dampen inflammatory responses. In addition, they phagocytose inhaled particles and apoptotic cells and can initiate and resolve inflammatory responses to pathogens. Although AMs release a plethora of mediators that modulate immune responses, ECs also play an essential role as they are more than just a physical barrier. They produce anti-microbial peptides and can secrete a variety of mediators that can modulate immune responses and AM functions. Furthermore, ECs can maintain AMs in a quiescent state by expressing anti-inflammatory membrane proteins such as CD200. Thus, AMs and ECs are both very important to maintain lung homeostasis and have to coordinate their action to protect the organism against infection. Thus, AMs and lung ECs communicate with each other using different mechanisms including mediators, membrane glycoproteins and their receptors, gap junction channels, and extracellular vesicles. This review will revisit characteristics and functions of AMs and lung ECs as well as different communication mechanisms these cells utilize to maintain lung immune balance and response to pathogens. A better understanding of the cross-talk between AMs and lung ECs may help develop new therapeutic strategies for lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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21
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Spred2-deficiency enhances the proliferation of lung epithelial cells and alleviates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16490. [PMID: 33020583 PMCID: PMC7536438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in many cellular processes, including the development of fibrosis. Here, we examined the role of Sprouty-related EVH-1-domain-containing protein (Spred) 2, a negative regulator of the MAPK-ERK pathway, in the development of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Compared to WT mice, Spred2−/− mice developed milder PF with increased proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells. Spred2−/− lung epithelial cells or MLE-12 cells treated with spred2 siRNA proliferated faster than control cells in vitro. Spred2−/− and WT macrophages produced similar levels of TNFα and MCP-1 in response to BLM or lipopolysaccharide and myeloid cell-specific deletion of Spred2 in mice had no effect. Spred2−/− fibroblasts proliferated faster and produced similar levels of MCP-1 compared to WT fibroblasts. Spred2 mRNA was almost exclusively detected in bronchial epithelial cells of naïve WT mice and it accumulated in approximately 50% of cells with a characteristic of Clara cells, 14 days after BLM treatment. These results suggest that Spred2 is involved in the regulation of tissue repair after BLM-induced lung injury and increased proliferation of lung bronchial cells in Spred2−/− mice may contribute to faster tissue repair. Thus, Spred2 may present a new therapeutic target for the treatment of PF.
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22
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Paracellular Pathway-Mediated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Migration across Porcine Airway Epithelial Barrier under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00470-20. [PMID: 32747599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00470-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen of pigs that causes persistent and secondary infections. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. In this study, we established air-liquid interface culture systems for pig bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBECs) that were comparable to the conditions in the native bronchus in vivo We used this ALI-PBECs model to study the infection and migration characteristics of M. hyopneumoniae in vitro Based on the results, we confirmed that M. hyopneumoniae was able to adhere to ALI-PBECs and disrupt mucociliary function. Importantly, M. hyopneumoniae could migrate to the basolateral chamber through the paracellular route but not the transcellular pathway, and this was achieved by reversibly disrupting tight junctions (TJs) and increasing the permeability and damaging the integrity of the epithelial barrier. We examined the migration ability of M. hyopneumoniae using an ALI-PBECs model for the first time. The disruption of the epithelial barrier allowed M. hyopneumoniae to migrate to the basolateral chamber through the paracellular route, which may be related to immune evasion, extrapulmonary dissemination, and persistent infection of M. hyopneumoniae.
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Lee PH, Hong J, Jang AS. N-acetylcysteine decreases airway inflammation and responsiveness in asthma by modulating claudin 18 expression. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1229-1237. [PMID: 32098455 PMCID: PMC7487305 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS N-acetylcysteine (NAC) affects signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth and arrest, redox-regulated gene expression, and the inflammatory response. However, it is not known how the signal mechanism for tight junctional protein claudin (CLDN) 18 is regulated in asthma patients. METHODS To investigate the effects of NAC on CLDN18 expression in a mouse model of asthma, and to assess plasma levels of CLDN18 in asthma patients. A murine model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) was established using wild-type BALB/c female mice, and the levels of CLDNs, phosphorylated-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (p-PDK1), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway proteins following NAC treatment were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the plasma levels of CLDN18 were evaluated in asthmatic patients and control subjects. RESULTS NAC diminished OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation. Levels of CLDN18 protein were higher in lung tissue from OVA mice than tissue from control mice, and were increased by treatment with NAC or dexamethasone. Treatment with NAC or dexamethasone decreased the OVA-induced increase in interleukin-1α protein levels. Although treatment with NAC increased OVA-induced p-PDK1 protein levels, it decreased phosphorylated Akt (pAkt)/Akt levels. Soluble CLDN18 levels were lower in patients with asthma than in controls and were correlated with the percentage of neutrophils, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity % (FVC%) and FEV1%. CONCLUSION CLDN18 plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma and NAC diminishes airway inflammation and responsiveness by modulating CLDN18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
- Correspondence to An-Soo Jang, M.D. Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea Tel: +82-32-621-5143 Fax: +82-32-621-6950 E-mail:
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Zhao C, Wang Y, Su Z, Pu W, Niu M, Song S, Wei L, Ding Y, Xu L, Tian M, Wang H. Respiratory exposure to PM2.5 soluble extract disrupts mucosal barrier function and promotes the development of experimental asthma. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139145. [PMID: 32402975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are important factors that contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma, but experimental evidence still needs to be collected and the mechanisms still need to be addressed. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and asthma development. The effects of PM2.5 exposure on the barrier functions of airway epithelial cells were also determined. METHODS PM2.5 was collected from Nanjing, China, and its soluble extract was prepared. Human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with different concentrations of soluble PM2.5 extract, and cell viability was detected by FACS using Annexin V-FITC staining. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory events were assessed by DCF-DA staining and qPCR. PM2.5-induced dysfunction of the airway epithelial barrier was assessed by measuring the expression of tight junction molecules. In vivo, BALB/c mice were treated with OVA in the presence or absence of PM2.5 solution, followed by exposure to OVA aerosols. Allergy-induced airway inflammation and lung injury were assessed by histopathological analyses. RESULTS Soluble PM2.5 extract exposure in vitro decreased the viability and increased apoptosis of airway epithelial cells. Soluble PM2.5 extract induced oxidative stress and enhanced pro-inflammatory factor expression by activating the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, which were accompanied by reduced airway barrier function. The in vivo data demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure increased the effects of allergy sensitization after respiratory exposure to allergens, which led to the development of asthma. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to soluble PM2.5 extract contributes to airway barrier dysfunction. The soluble mediators generated by airway epithelial cells in response to PM2.5 exposure orchestrate the breaking of inhalational tolerance and sensitization to allergic antigens, leading to the exacerbated development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yibing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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Hiranuma H, Gon Y, Maruoka S, Kozu Y, Yamada S, Fukuda A, Kurosawa Y, Tetsuo S, Nakagawa Y, Mizumura K. DsRNA induction of microRNA-155 disrupt tight junction barrier by modulating claudins. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e20. [PMID: 32411585 PMCID: PMC7203438 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impaired barrier function of the airway epithelium due to RNA virus infection is closely related to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. Objective In this study, we investigated the roles of microRNAs on the mechanisms of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. Methods 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cells were grown to confluence on Transwell inserts and exposed to poly-I:C. We studied epithelial barrier function by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of fluorescent markers and structure of tight junctions by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Poly-I:C treated 16HBE14o- cells increased paracellular permeability. Knockdown of Toll-like receptor 3 and TRIF abrogated these effects. The expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) was increased by poly-I:C in dose-dependent manner. Transfection of mir155 mimics into 16HBE14o- cells increased permeability and inhibited tight junction formation. Transfection of miR-155 inhibitor suppressed poly-I:C-induced barrier disruption. Poly-I:C treatment significantly decreased the expression of claudin members—claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, -9, -11, -16, -18 and -19. Transfection of miR-155 mimics showed similar changing expression pattern of claudin members with those of poly-I:C treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that RNA virus infection can impair the epithelial barrier disruption mechanism by down-regulation of claudin members through the induction of miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Hiranuma
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Fukuda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurosawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimizu Tetsuo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Müller C, Obermann W, Schulte FW, Lange-Grünweller K, Oestereich L, Elgner F, Glitscher M, Hildt E, Singh K, Wendel HG, Hartmann RK, Ziebuhr J, Grünweller A. Comparison of broad-spectrum antiviral activities of the synthetic rocaglate CR-31-B (-) and the eIF4A-inhibitor Silvestrol. Antiviral Res 2020; 175:104706. [PMID: 31931103 PMCID: PMC7114339 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rocaglates, a class of natural compounds isolated from plants of the genus Aglaia, are potent inhibitors of translation initiation. They are proposed to form stacking interactions with polypurine sequences in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of selected mRNAs, thereby clamping the RNA substrate onto eIF4A and causing inhibition of the translation initiation complex. Since virus replication relies on the host translation machinery, it is not surprising that the rocaglate Silvestrol has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Unfortunately, synthesis of Silvestrol is sophisticated and time-consuming, thus hampering the prospects for further antiviral drug development. Here, we present the less complex structured synthetic rocaglate CR-31-B (−) as a novel compound with potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity in primary cells and in an ex vivo bronchial epithelial cell system. CR-31-B (−) inhibited the replication of corona-, Zika-, Lassa-, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses and, to a lesser extent, hepatitis E virus (HEV) at non-cytotoxic low nanomolar concentrations. Since HEV has a polypurine-free 5′-UTR that folds into a stable hairpin structure, we hypothesized that RNA clamping by Silvestrol and its derivatives may also occur in a polypurine-independent but structure-dependent manner. Interestingly, the HEV 5′-UTR conferred sensitivity towards Silvestrol but not to CR-31-B (−). However, if an exposed polypurine stretch was introduced into the HEV 5′-UTR, CR-31-B (−) became an active inhibitor comparable to Silvestrol. Moreover, thermodynamic destabilization of the HEV 5′-UTR led to reduced translational inhibition by Silvestrol, suggesting differences between rocaglates in their mode of action, most probably by engaging Silvestrol's additional dioxane moiety. The synthetic rocaglate CR-31-B (−) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity comparable to that of Silvestrol. Both compounds show remarkably low cytotoxicity in primary cells. Silvestrol and CR-31-B (−) are highly efficient against HCoV-229E in a primary human bronchial epithelial cell system. Both compounds reduce LASV and CCHFV titers by about 3–4 logs in primary murine hepatocytes. Only Silvestrol with its characteristic dioxane moiety can clamp polypurine-free structured RNAs onto the eIF4A helicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Müller
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Obermann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Falk W Schulte
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Abteilung Virologie, Hamburg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Elgner
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und Biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Mirco Glitscher
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und Biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und Biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Kamini Singh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10023, USA
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10023, USA
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - John Ziebuhr
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) at the Partner Site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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27
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Lan H, Luo L, Chen Y, Wang M, Yu Z, Gong Y. MIF signaling blocking alleviates airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier disruption in a HDM-induced asthma model. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:103965. [PMID: 31708110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of asthma. However the role of MIF in airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier disruption in house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma has not been addressed. We hypothesized that MIF contributed to HDM-induced the production of Th2-associated cytokines and E-cadherin dysfunction in asthmatic mice and 16HBE cells. In vivo, a HDM-induced asthma mouse model was set up and mice treated with MIF antagonist ISO-1 after HDM. The mice treated with the ISO-1 ameliorated airway hyper-reactivity, airway inflammation, increased serum IgE levels, the aberrant arrangement of E-cadherin as well as the release of Th2 cytokines induced by HDM. In vitro, the exposure of 16HBE cells to HDM and rhMIF resulted in airway epithelial barrier disruption, inflammatory cytokine production and enhanced glycolytic flux. While these changes were attenuated by MIF siRNA treatment. Sequentially, treatment of 16HBE cells with PFKFB3 antagonist PFK15 significantly lowered rhMIF-induced these changes in 16HBE cells. Therefore, these results indicate that MIF may be an important contributor in airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier disruption of HDM-induced asthma. Moreover, HDM specifically induces airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier disruption of 16HBE cells through MIF-mediated enhancement of aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Lan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqi Gong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Wan J, Cao Y, Abdelaziz MH, Huang L, Kesavan DK, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. Downregulated Rac1 promotes apoptosis and inhibits the clearance of apoptotic cells in airway epithelial cells, which may be associated with airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12752. [PMID: 30681176 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of airway apoptotic cells may be an important factor causing airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Whether the apoptotic cells can be promptly removed is related to the occurrence and course of asthma. In recent years, studies have shown that Rac1 is involved in many cellular biological activities including the formation and elimination of apoptotic cells. In this study, based on the analysis of airway local cells and related factors in asthmatic mice, we evaluated the expression of Rac1 in airway epithelial cells or phagocytes and analysed its relationship with the incidence of apoptosis or scavenging of apoptotic cells. Our data showed that the expression level of Rac1 in asthmatic mice decreased significantly, while the expression of IL-33 increased obviously. The airway epithelial cell line was stimulated by curcumin at 50 μmol/L for 24-48 hours; more than 50% of the cells were apoptotic, and of which, about 20% were late apoptosis. Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) can enhance the apoptosis effect. In addition, the ability of phagocytosis and migration in the epithelial cells or macrophages was increased following the application of Rac1 inhibitors or specific siRNA in a dose-dependent manner, and the expression level of IL-33 was simultaneously increased after blocking Rac1. It is suggested that the down regulation of Rac1 in asthma may contribute to the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells and affect the clearance of apoptotic cells, which will lead to the aggregation of the apoptotic cells in the respiratory tract and participate in AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuwen Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dinesh Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Montesanto S, Smithers NP, Bucchieri F, Brucato V, La Carrubba V, Davies DE, Conforti F. Establishment of a pulmonary epithelial barrier on biodegradable poly-L-lactic-acid membranes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210830. [PMID: 30653572 PMCID: PMC6336298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biocompatible and functional scaffolds for tissue engineering is a major challenge, especially for development of polarised epithelia that are critical structures in tissue homeostasis. Different in vitro models of the lung epithelial barrier have been characterized using non-degradable polyethylene terephthalate membranes which limits their uses for tissue engineering. Although poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) membranes are biodegradable, those prepared via conventional Diffusion Induced Phase Separation (DIPS) lack open-porous geometry and show limited permeability compromising their use for epithelial barrier studies. Here we used PLLA membranes prepared via a modification of the standard DIPS protocol to control the membrane surface morphology and permeability. These were bonded to cell culture inserts for use in barrier function studies. Pulmonary epithelial cells (H441) readily attached to the PLLA membranes and formed a confluent cell layer within two days. This was accompanied by a significant increase in trans-epithelial electrical resistance and correlated with the formation of tight junctions and vectorial cytokine secretion in response to TNFα. Our data suggest that a structurally polarized and functional epithelial barrier can be established on PLLA membranes produced via a non-standard DIPS protocol. Therefore, PLLA membranes have potential utility in lung tissue engineering applications requiring bio-absorbable membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Montesanto
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalie P. Smithers
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM) – Research Unit of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Material Science and Technology (INSTM) – Research Unit of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donna E. Davies
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Conforti
- The Brooke Laboratory, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Park JY, Ryu H, Lee B, Ha DH, Ahn M, Kim S, Kim JY, Jeon NL, Cho DW. Development of a functional airway-on-a-chip by 3D cell printing. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015002. [PMID: 30270851 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We used 3D cell printing to emulate an airway coupled with a naturally-derived blood vessel network in vitro. Decellularized extracellular matrix bioink derived from porcine tracheal mucosa (tmdECM) was used to encapsulate and print endothelial cells and fibroblasts within a designated polycarprolactone (PCL) frame. Providing a niche that emulates conditions in vivo, tmdECM gradually drives endothelial re-orientation, which leads to the formation of a lumen and blood vessel network. A fully-differentiated in vitro airway model was assembled with the printed vascular platform, and collectively reproduced a functional interface between the airway epithelium and the vascular network. The model presented respiratory symptoms including asthmatic airway inflammation and allergen-induced asthma exacerbation in physiological context. Because of the adaptable and automated nature of direct 3D cell printing, we expect that this will have relevance in vivo and high reproducibility for production of high-content platforms for preclinical trials in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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31
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Temporal differentiation of bovine airway epithelial cells grown at an air-liquid interface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14893. [PMID: 30291311 PMCID: PMC6173764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop improved, physiologically-relevant in vitro models of airway epithelia with which to better understand the pathological processes associated with infection, allergies and toxicological insults of the respiratory tract of both humans and domesticated animals. In the present study, we have characterised the proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs) grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI) at three-day intervals over a period of 42 days from the introduction of the ALI. The differentiated BBEC model was highly representative of the ex vivo epithelium from which the epithelial cells were derived; a columnar, pseudostratified epithelium that was highly reflective of native airway epithelium was formed which comprised ciliated, goblet and basal cells. The hallmark defences of the respiratory tract, namely barrier function and mucociliary clearance, were present, thus demonstrating that the model is an excellent mimic of bovine respiratory epithelium. The epithelium was fully differentiated by day 21 post-ALI and, crucially, remained healthy and stable for a further 21 days. Thus, the differentiated BBEC model has a three-week window which will allow wide-ranging and long-term experiments to be performed in the fields of infection, toxicology or general airway physiology.
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32
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Wang H, He L, Liu B, Feng Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Gan Y, Yuan T, Wu M, Xie X, Feng Z. Establishment and comparison of air-liquid interface culture systems for primary and immortalized swine tracheal epithelial cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 29954317 PMCID: PMC6025731 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air-liquid interface (Ali) systems allow the establishment of a culture environment more representative of that in vivo than other culture systems. They are useful for performing mechanistic studies of respiratory epithelial cells as drug permeation barriers and can be used to study the interactions between hosts and respiratory pathogens. However, there have been few studies concerning Ali cultures of primary swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs) and an immortalized STEC line, and the differences between these two systems remain poorly defined. Results In this study, we established Ali culture systems for primary STECs and for immortalized STEC line, and we systematically compared the differentiation capacities and immunological functions of these systems for the first time. Under Ali culture conditions, immortalized STEC line and primary STECs could survive for at least forty days, formed tight junctions and differentiated into stratified cells. They both possessed complete abilities to produce mucin and inflammatory cytokines and develop cilia. However, in contrast to primary STECs, which had a heterogeneous morphology, Ali-cultured immortalized STEC line appeared to be a homogenous population. The formation of tight junctions in Ali-cultured primary STECs was superior to that in immortalized STEC line. In addition, cilia in Ali-cultured immortalized STEC line were more pronounced, but their duration of expression was shorter than in primary STECs. Conclusions Ali-cultured primary STECs and immortalized STEC line systems possessing complete abilities to undergo ciliary differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production were established for the first time in this study, and several differences in morphology and the formation of tight junctions and cilia were observed between these two systems. These two systems will be important tools for drug screening studies, as well as for detailed analyses of the interactions between hosts and respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lina He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuzi Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Hassan Al-Heidary S, Ghafarifar F. Evaluation of murine lung epithelial cells (TC-1 JHU-1) line to develop Th2-promoting cytokines IL-25/IL-33/TSLP and genes Tlr2/Tlr4 in response to Aspergillus fumigatus. J Mycol Med 2018. [PMID: 29525270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the role of live and heat-killed Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in releasing interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and to express Toll-like receptor (Tlr)2 and Tlr4 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine lung epithelial cells were incubated with live and heat-killed A. fumigatus conidia at 37°C for 6, 24 and 48h. After treatments, ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP in the supernatants. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to assess the expression levels of Tlr2 and Tlr4 genes. RESULTS The concentrations of IL-25 and IL-33 significantly increased after exposure to live and heat-killed conidia for various times when compared with untreated control (P<0.05). The secretion of TSLP at different concentrations of heat-killed conidia was significantly higher than both live conidia and untreated control (P<0.05). qRT-PCR results indicated a up-regulation from 1.08 to 3.60-fold for Tlr2 gene expression and 1.20 to 1.80-fold for Tlr4 gene expression exposed to heat-killed conidia. CONCLUSION A. fumigatus has a potential ability to stimulate murine lung epithelial cells to produce IL-25/IL-33/TSLP, as well as to express Tlr2/Tlr4 genes, indicating an important role of lung epithelial cells in innate immune responses to A. fumigatus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Khosravi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - S Hassan Al-Heidary
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ghafarifar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran
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Xu CJ, Söderhäll C, Bustamante M, Baïz N, Gruzieva O, Gehring U, Mason D, Chatzi L, Basterrechea M, Llop S, Torrent M, Forastiere F, Fantini MP, Carlsen KCL, Haahtela T, Morin A, Kerkhof M, Merid SK, van Rijkom B, Jankipersadsing SA, Bonder MJ, Ballereau S, Vermeulen CJ, Aguirre-Gamboa R, de Jongste JC, Smit HA, Kumar A, Pershagen G, Guerra S, Garcia-Aymerich J, Greco D, Reinius L, McEachan RRC, Azad R, Hovland V, Mowinckel P, Alenius H, Fyhrquist N, Lemonnier N, Pellet J, Auffray C, van der Vlies P, van Diemen CC, Li Y, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM, Anto JM, Bousquet J, Laatikainen T, Laprise C, Carlsen KH, Gori D, Porta D, Iñiguez C, Bilbao JR, Kogevinas M, Wright J, Brunekreef B, Kere J, Nawijn MC, Annesi-Maesano I, Sunyer J, Melén E, Koppelman GH. DNA methylation in childhood asthma: an epigenome-wide meta-analysis. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2018; 6:379-388. [PMID: 29496485 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation profiles associated with childhood asthma might provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis. We did an epigenome-wide association study to assess methylation profiles associated with childhood asthma. METHODS We did a large-scale epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) within the Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy (MeDALL) project. We examined epigenome-wide methylation using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChips (450K) in whole blood in 207 children with asthma and 610 controls at age 4-5 years, and 185 children with asthma and 546 controls at age 8 years using a cross-sectional case-control design. After identification of differentially methylated CpG sites in the discovery analysis, we did a validation study in children (4-16 years; 247 cases and 2949 controls) from six additional European cohorts and meta-analysed the results. We next investigated whether replicated CpG sites in cord blood predict later asthma in 1316 children. We subsequently investigated cell-type-specific methylation of the identified CpG sites in eosinophils and respiratory epithelial cells and their related gene-expression signatures. We studied cell-type specificity of the asthma association of the replicated CpG sites in 455 respiratory epithelial cell samples, collected by nasal brushing of 16-year-old children as well as in DNA isolated from blood eosinophils (16 with asthma, eight controls [age 2-56 years]) and compared this with whole-blood DNA samples of 74 individuals with asthma and 93 controls (age 1-79 years). Whole-blood transcriptional profiles associated with replicated CpG sites were annotated using RNA-seq data of subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. FINDINGS 27 methylated CpG sites were identified in the discovery analysis. 14 of these CpG sites were replicated and passed genome-wide significance (p<1·14 × 10-7) after meta-analysis. Consistently lower methylation levels were observed at all associated loci across childhood from age 4 to 16 years in participants with asthma, but not in cord blood at birth. All 14 CpG sites were significantly associated with asthma in the second replication study using whole-blood DNA, and were strongly associated with asthma in purified eosinophils. Whole-blood transcriptional signatures associated with these CpG sites indicated increased activation of eosinophils, effector and memory CD8 T cells and natural killer cells, and reduced number of naive T cells. Five of the 14 CpG sites were associated with asthma in respiratory epithelial cells, indicating cross-tissue epigenetic effects. INTERPRETATION Reduced whole-blood DNA methylation at 14 CpG sites acquired after birth was strongly associated with childhood asthma. These CpG sites and their associated transcriptional profiles indicate activation of eosinophils and cytotoxic T cells in childhood asthma. Our findings merit further investigations of the role of epigenetics in a clinical context. FUNDING EU and the Seventh Framework Programme (the MeDALL project).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; GRIAC research institute Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Genomic Regulation, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nour Baïz
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, LA, USA; Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andréanne Morin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec, Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marjan Kerkhof
- GRIAC research institute Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca van Rijkom
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Soesma A Jankipersadsing
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephane Ballereau
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Campus Charles Mérieux - Université de Lyon, CIRI CNRS UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-ENS, Lyon, France; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelis J Vermeulen
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; GRIAC research institute Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raul Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lovisa Reinius
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Raf Azad
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Vegard Hovland
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Mowinckel
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathanaël Lemonnier
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Campus Charles Mérieux - Université de Lyon, CIRI CNRS UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-ENS, Lyon, France; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA-INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR5309, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Johann Pellet
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Campus Charles Mérieux - Université de Lyon, CIRI CNRS UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-ENS, Lyon, France
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Campus Charles Mérieux - Université de Lyon, CIRI CNRS UMR5308, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-ENS, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pieter van der Vlies
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Research BV, Metslawier, the Netherlands
| | - Cleo C van Diemen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Josep M Anto
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Department of Dermatology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des sciences fondamentales, Saguenay, QC, Canada; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, 305 Saint-Vallier, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Leioa-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- GRIAC research institute Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- GRIAC research institute Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Leiva-Juárez MM, Kolls JK, Evans SE. Lung epithelial cells: therapeutically inducible effectors of antimicrobial defense. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:21-34. [PMID: 28812547 PMCID: PMC5738267 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As immune sentinels, lung epithelial cells detect diverse pathogens through an ample repertoire of membrane-bound, endosomal, and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The highly plastic epithelial barrier responds to detected threats via modulation of paracellular flux, intercellular communications, mucin production, and periciliary fluid composition. Epithelial PRR stimulation also induces production of cytokines that recruit and sculpt leukocyte-mediated responses, and promotes epithelial generation of antimicrobial effector molecules that are directly microbicidal. The epithelium can alternately enhance tolerance to pathogens, preventing tissue damage through PRR-induced inhibitory signals, opsonization of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and attenuation of injurious leukocyte responses. The inducibility of these protective responses has prompted attempts to therapeutically harness epithelial defense mechanisms to protect against pneumonias. Recent reports describe successful strategies for manipulation of epithelial defenses to protect against a wide range of respiratory pathogens. The lung epithelium is capable of both significant antimicrobial responses that reduce pathogen burdens and tolerance mechanisms that attenuate immunopathology. This manuscript reviews inducible lung epithelial defense mechanisms that offer opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to protect vulnerable populations against pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M. Leiva-Juárez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lee PH, Kim BG, Lee SH, Lee JH, Park SW, Kim DJ, Park CS, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Alteration in Claudin-4 Contributes to Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:25-33. [PMID: 29178675 PMCID: PMC5705480 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Claudin-4 has been reported to function as a paracellular sodium barrier and is one of the 3 major claudins expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells. However, the possible role of claudin-4 in bronchial asthma has not yet been fully studied. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of claudin-4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS We determined claudin-4 levels in blood from asthmatic patients. Moreover, using mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, as well as sensitized and challenged with saline, we investigated whether claudin-4 is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Der p1 induced the inflammatory cytokines in NHBE cells. RESULTS We found that claudin-4 in blood from asthmatic patients was increased compared with that from healthy control subjects. Plasma claudin-4 levels were significantly higher in exacerbated patients than in control patients with bronchial asthma. The plasma claudin-4 level was correlated with eosinophils, total IgE, FEV1% pred, and FEV1/FVC. Moreover, lung tissues from the OVA-OVA mice showed significant increases in transcripts and proteins of claudin-4 as well as in TJ breaks and the densities of claudin-4 staining. When claudin-4 was knocked down by transfecting its siRNA, inflammatory cytokine expressions, which were induced by Der p1 treatment, were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings thus raise the possibility that regulation of lung epithelial barrier proteins may constitute a therapeutic approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - June Hyuck Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - An Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Respiratory Morbidity in Children with Repaired Congenital Esophageal Atresia with or without Tracheoesophageal Fistula. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101136. [PMID: 28953251 PMCID: PMC5664637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (CEA ± TEF) is a relatively common malformation that occurs in 1 of 2500–4500 live births. Despite the refinement of surgical techniques, a considerable proportion of children experience short- and long-term respiratory complications, which can significantly affect their health through adulthood. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms and clinical presentation of respiratory morbidity in children with repaired CEA ± TEF. The reasons for the short-term pulmonary impairments are multifactorial and related to the surgical complications, such as anastomotic leaks, stenosis, and recurrence of fistula. Long-term respiratory morbidity is grouped into four categories according to the body section or function mainly involved: upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and aspiration and dysphagia. The reasons for the persistence of respiratory morbidity to adulthood are not univocal. The malformation itself, the acquired damage after the surgical repair, various co-morbidities, and the recurrence of lower respiratory tract infections at an early age can contribute to pulmonary impairment. Nevertheless, other conditions, including smoking habits and, in particular, atopy can play a role in the recurrence of infections. In conclusion, our manuscript shows that most children born with CEA ± TEF survive into adulthood, but many comorbidities, mainly esophageal and respiratory issues, may persist. The pulmonary impairment involves many underlying mechanisms, which begin in the first years of life. Therefore, early detection and management of pulmonary morbidity may be important to prevent impairment in pulmonary function and serious long-term complications. To obtain a successful outcome, it is fundamental to ensure a standardized follow-up that must continue until adulthood.
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Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Al Ageeli E, Riad E, AbdAllah NB, Helal GM, Fawzy MS. Structure and functional impact of seed region variant in MIR-499 gene family in bronchial asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:169. [PMID: 28886711 PMCID: PMC5591547 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have been evolved to master numerous cellular processes. Genetic variants within microRNA seed region might influence microRNA biogenesis and function. The study aimed at determining the role of microRNA-499 (MIR-499) gene family polymorphism as a marker for susceptibility and progression of bronchial asthma and to analyze the structural and functional impact of rs3746444 within the seed region. METHODS Genotyping for 192 participants (96 patients and 96 controls) in the discovery phase and 319 subjects (115 patients and 204 controls) in the replication phase was performed via Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction technology. Patients underwent the methacholine challenge test and biochemical analysis. Gene structural and functional analysis, target prediction, annotation clustering, and pathway enrichment analysis were executed. Predicted functional effect of rs37464443 SNP was analyzed. RESULTS miR-499 gene family is highly implicated in inflammation-related signaling pathways. Rs374644 (A > G) in MIR499A and MIR499B within the seed region could disrupt target genes and create new genes. The G variant was associated with high risk of developing asthma under all genetic association models (G versus A: OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.53-4.22; GG versus AA: OR = 9.52, 95% CI = 5.61-16.5; AG versus AA: OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.24-3.46; GG + AG versus AA: OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.88-6.82). GG genotype was associated with poor pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (p = 0.047) and the worst bronchodilator response after Salbutamol inhalation, represented in low peaked expiratory flow rate (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS miR-499 rs3746444 (A > G) polymorphism was associated with asthma susceptibility and bronchodilator response in Egyptian children and adolescents. Further functional analysis is warranted to develop more specific theranostic agents for selecting targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt.
| | | | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Riad
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Nouran B AbdAllah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Helal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Yuksel H, Turkeli A. Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis and prognosis of respiratory tract diseases in childhood and adulthood. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1367458. [PMID: 28886270 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1367458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are in direct contact with the environment through the tubular structure that constitutes the airway. Starting from the nasal orifice, the airway is exposed to foreign particles including infectious agents, allergens, and other substances that can damage the airways. Therefore, the airway must have a functional epithelial barrier both in the upper and lower airways to protect against these threats. As with the skin, it is likely that the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is a consequence of epithelial barrier defects in these airways. The characteristics of this system, starting from the beginning of life and extending into maturing and aging, determine the prognosis of respiratory diseases. In this article, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and prognosis of respiratory diseases from newborns to adulthood in the context of epithelial barrier function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yuksel
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turkeli
- a Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology , Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty , Manisa , Turkey
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dNP2-ctCTLA-4 inhibits German cockroach extract-induced allergic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness via inhibition of Th2 responses. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e362. [PMID: 28775364 PMCID: PMC5579505 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
German cockroaches are major household allergens that can trigger allergic airway inflammatory diseases with sensitive T-cell responses. Although the use of immune modulatory biologics, such as antibodies, to mediate allergic responses has recently been examined, only systemic administration is available because of the size limitations on intranasal administration. Here we utilized a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, to deliver the cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (ctCTLA-4) through the airway epithelium to modulate Th2 responses in a German cockroach extract (GCE)-induced allergic airway inflammation model. The intranasal delivery efficiency of the dNP2-dTomato protein to the lungs was higher in GCE-induced asthmatic lung parenchymal cells compared to the sham cells. Intranasal administration of the dNP2-ctCTLA-4 protein inhibited airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced airway inflammation and remodeling, including goblet cell metaplasia and collagen deposition around the bronchi. The number of infiltrated cells, including eosinophils, and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ in the lungs were significantly reduced, presumably owing to inhibition of Th2 differentiation. However, intranasal administration of CTLA4-Ig did not inhibit airway inflammation. These results collectively suggest that dNP2-ctCTLA-4 is an efficient intranasally applicable candidate biologic for treating allergic asthma.
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Hackett TL, Ferrante SC, Hoptay CE, Engelhardt JF, Ingram JL, Zhang Y, Alcala SE, Shaheen F, Matz E, Pillai DK, Freishtat RJ. A Heterotopic Xenograft Model of Human Airways for Investigating Fibrosis in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:291-299. [PMID: 27788019 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0065ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited in vivo models exist to investigate the lung airway epithelial role in repair, regeneration, and pathology of chronic lung diseases. Herein, we introduce a novel animal model in asthma-a xenograft system integrating a differentiating human asthmatic airway epithelium with an actively remodeling rodent mesenchyme in an immunocompromised murine host. Human asthmatic and nonasthmatic airway epithelial cells were seeded into decellularized rat tracheas. Tracheas were ligated to a sterile cassette and implanted subcutaneously in the flanks of nude mice. Grafts were harvested at 2, 4, or 6 weeks for tissue histology, fibrillar collagen, and transforming growth factor-β activation analysis. We compared immunostaining in these xenografts to human lungs. Grafted epithelial cells generated a differentiated epithelium containing basal, ciliated, and mucus-expressing cells. By 4 weeks postengraftment, asthmatic epithelia showed decreased numbers of ciliated cells and decreased E-cadherin expression compared with nonasthmatic grafts, similar to human lungs. Grafts seeded with asthmatic epithelial cells had three times more fibrillar collagen and induction of transforming growth factor-β isoforms at 6 weeks postengraftment compared with nonasthmatic grafts. Asthmatic epithelium alone is sufficient to drive aberrant mesenchymal remodeling with fibrillar collagen deposition in asthmatic xenografts. Moreover, this xenograft system represents an advance over current asthma models in that it permits direct assessment of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillie-Louise Hackett
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Claire E Hoptay
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - John F Engelhardt
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Jennifer L Ingram
- 5 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yulong Zhang
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Sarah E Alcala
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ethan Matz
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,6 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, and
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,8 Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C
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Gras D, Petit A, Charriot J, Knabe L, Alagha K, Gamez AS, Garulli C, Bourdin A, Chanez P, Molinari N, Vachier I. Epithelial ciliated beating cells essential for ex vivo ALI culture growth. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28468615 PMCID: PMC5415749 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial epithelium plays a key role in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. The fate of ex vivo airway epithelial cultures growing at the air liquid interface (ALI) derived from human endobronchial biopsies or brushings is not easy to predict. Calibrating and differentiating these cells is a long and expensive process requiring rigorous expertise. Pinpointing factors associated with ALI culture success would help researchers gain further insight into epithelial progenitor behavior. Methods A successful ALI culture was defined as one in which a pseudostratified epithelium has formed after 28 days in the presence of all differentiated epithelial cell types. A 4-year prospective bi-center study was conducted with adult subjects enrolled in different approved research protocols. Results 463 consecutive endobronchial biopsies were obtained from normal healthy volunteers, healthy smokers, asthmatic patients and smokers with COPD. All demographic variables, the different fiber optic centers and culture operators, numbers of endo-bronchial biopsies and the presence of ciliated cells were carefully recorded. Univariate and multivariate models were developed. A stepwise procedure was used to select the final logistic regression model. ALI culture success was independently associated with the presence of living ciliated cells within the initial biopsy (OR = 2.18 [1.50–3.16], p < 0.001). Conclusion This finding highlights the properties of the cells derived from the epithelium dedifferentiation process. The preferential selection of samples with ciliated beating cells would probably save time and money. It is still unknown whether successful ALI culture is related to indicators of general cell viability or a purported stem cell state specifically associated with ciliated beating cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gras
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Charriot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Khuder Alagha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gamez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Garulli
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, UM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Statistics, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Av Doyen G Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cx 5, France.
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Blume C, Reale R, Held M, Loxham M, Millar TM, Collins JE, Swindle EJ, Morgan H, Davies DE. Cellular crosstalk between airway epithelial and endothelial cells regulates barrier functions during exposure to double-stranded RNA. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:45-56. [PMID: 28250924 PMCID: PMC5322162 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epithelial and endothelial barriers of the airway mucosa are critical for regulation of tissue homeostasis and protection against pathogens or other tissue damaging agents. In response to a viral infection, epithelial cells must signal to the endothelium to initiate immune cell recruitment. This is a highly temporal regulated process; however, the mechanisms of this cross-talk are not fully understood. METHODS In a close-contact co-culture model of human airway epithelial and endothelial cells, cellular crosstalk was analyzed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and ELISA. Viral infections were simulated by exposing airway epithelial cells apically to double-stranded RNA (Poly(I:C)). Using a microfluidic culture system, the temporal release of mediators was analyzed in the co-culture model. RESULTS Within 4 h of challenge, double-stranded RNA induced the release of TNF-α by epithelial cells. This activated endothelial cells by triggering the release of the chemoattractant CX3CL1 (fractalkine) by 8 h post-challenge and expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1. These responses were significantly reduced by neutralising TNF-α. CONCLUSION By facilitating kinetic profiling, the microfluidic co-culture system has enabled identification of a key signaling mechanism between the epithelial and endothelial barriers. Better understanding of cell-cell cross-talk and its regulatory mechanisms has the potential to identify new therapeutic strategies to control airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Reale
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie Held
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Loxham
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Millar
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Collins
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily J. Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health ResearchSouthampton Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer SciencesFaculty of Physical and Applied SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health ResearchSouthampton Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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44
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Cohen TS. Role of MicroRNA in the Lung's Innate Immune Response. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:243-249. [PMID: 27915347 DOI: 10.1159/000452669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to respiratory pathogens must be robust enough to defend the host yet properly constrained such that inflammation-induced tissue damage is avoided. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA which posttranscriptionally influence gene expression. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence of the contribution of miRNA to the lung's response to bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Cohen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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45
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Abstract
The discovery of an ever-expanding plethora of coding and non-coding RNAs with nodal and causal roles in the regulation of lung physiology and disease is reinvigorating interest in the clinical utility of the oligonucleotide therapeutic class. This is strongly supported through recent advances in nucleic acids chemistry, synthetic oligonucleotide delivery and viral gene therapy that have succeeded in bringing to market at least three nucleic acid-based drugs. As a consequence, multiple new candidates such as RNA interference modulators, antisense, and splice switching compounds are now progressing through clinical evaluation. Here, manipulation of RNA for the treatment of lung disease is explored, with emphasis on robust pharmacological evidence aligned to the five pillars of drug development: exposure to the appropriate tissue, binding to the desired molecular target, evidence of the expected mode of action, activity in the relevant patient population and commercially viable value proposition.
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Hiram R, Sirois C, Sirois M, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Morin C, Rousseau É. MAG-DPA curbs inflammatory biomarkers and pharmacological reactivity in cytokine-triggered hyperresponsive airway models. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00263. [PMID: 28097001 PMCID: PMC5226286 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial inflammation contributes to a sustained elevation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acid derivatives have been shown to resolve inflammation in various tissues. Thus, the effects of docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) were assessed on inflammatory markers and reactivity of human distal bronchi as well as in a cultured model of guinea pig tracheal rings. Human bronchi were dissected and cultured for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or IL-13. Guinea pig tracheas were maintained in organ culture for 72 h which was previously shown to trigger spontaneous AHR. All tissues were treated with increasing concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μmol/L). Pharmacomechanical reactivity, Ca2+ sensitivity, and western blot analysis for specific phosphoproteins and transcription factors were performed to assess the effects of both cytokines, alone or in combination with MAG-DPA, on human and guinea pig airway preparations. Although 0.1 μmol/L MAG-DPA did not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers, the higher concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.3 and 1 μmol/L) blunted the activation of the TNF-α/NF κB pathway and abolished COX-2 expression in human and guinea pig tissues. Moreover, 0.3 and 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA consistently decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity and pharmacological reactivity of cultured bronchial explants. Furthermore, in human bronchi, IL-13-stimulated phosphorylation of CPI-17 was reversed by 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA. This effect was further amplified in the presence of 100 μmol/L aspirin. MAG-DPA mediates antiphlogistic effects by increasing the resolution of inflammation, while resetting Ca2+ sensitivity and contractile reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Marco Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Caroline Morin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Éric Rousseau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Zaidman NA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, O'Grady SM. Differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells: role of hydrocortisone in development of ion transport pathways involved in mucociliary clearance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C225-36. [PMID: 27306366 PMCID: PMC5129773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids strongly influence the mucosal-defense functions performed by the bronchial epithelium, and inhaled corticosteroids are critical in the treatment of patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. A common pathology associated with these diseases is reduced mucociliary clearance, a defense mechanism involving the coordinated transport of salt, water, and mucus by the bronchial epithelium, ultimately leading to retention of pathogens and particles in the airways and to further disease progression. In the present study we investigated the role of hydrocortisone (HC) in differentiation and development of the ion transport phenotype of normal human bronchial epithelial cells under air-liquid interface conditions. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated in the absence of HC (HC0) showed significantly less benzamil-sensitive short-circuit current than controls, as well as a reduced response after stimulation with the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol. Apical membrane localization of epithelial Na(+) channel α-subunits was similarly reduced in HC0 cells compared with controls, supporting a role of HC in the trafficking and density of Na(+) channels in the plasma membrane. Additionally, glucocorticoid exposure during differentiation regulated the transcription of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and β2-adrenergic receptor mRNAs and appeared to be necessary for the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent anion secretion in response to β2-agonists. HC had no significant effect on surface cell differentiation but did modulate the expression of mucin mRNAs. These findings indicate that glucocorticoids support mucosal defense by regulating critical transport pathways essential for effective mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Zaidman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Chitin-Induced Airway Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Responses Are Inhibited by Carvacrol/Thymol. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159459. [PMID: 27463381 PMCID: PMC4962986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is produced in large amounts by fungi, insects, and other organisms and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Airway epithelial cells are in direct contact with environmental particles and serve as the first line of defense against inhaled allergens and pathogens. The potential contributions of airway epithelial cells to chitin-induced asthma remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that chitin directly stimulates airway epithelial cells to release cytokines that promote type 2 immune responses and to induce expression of molecules which are important in innate immune responses. We found that chitin exposure rapidly induced the expression of three key type 2-promoting cytokines, IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP, in BEAS-2B transformed human bronchial epithelial cells and in A549 and H292 lung carcinoma cells. Chitin also induced the expression of the key pattern recognition receptors TLR2 and TLR4. Chitin induced the expression of miR-155, miR-146a and miR-21, each of which is known to up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also the expression of SOCS1 and SHIP1 which are known targets of miR-155 was repressed by chitin treatment. The monoterpene phenol carvacrol (Car) and its isomer thymol (Thy) are found in herbal essential oils and have been shown to inhibit allergic inflammation in asthma models. We found that Car/Thy inhibited the effects of chitin on type 2-promoting cytokine release and on the expression of TLRs, SOCS1, SHIP1, and miRNAs. Car/Thy could also efficiently reduce the protein levels of TLR4, inhibit the increase in TLR2 protein levels in chitin plus Car/Thy-treated cells and increase the protein levels of SHIP1 and SOCS1, which are negative regulators of TLR-mediated inflammatory responses. We conclude that direct effects of chitin on airway epithelial cells are likely to contribute to allergic airway diseases like asthma, and that Car/Thy directly inhibits epithelial cell pro-inflammatory responses to chitin.
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Biologics and the lung: TSLP and other epithelial cell-derived cytokines in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:104-112. [PMID: 27365223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disorder with characteristic symptoms of dyspnea, wheeze, chest tightness and cough, and physiological abnormalities of variable airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and in some patients with chronic long standing disease reduced lung function. The physiological abnormalities are due to chronic airway inflammation and underlying structural changes to the airway wall. The interaction between the airway epithelium and the environment is crucial to the pathobiology of asthma. Several recent discoveries have highlighted a crucial role of airway epithelial derived cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). These cytokines are collectively known as epithelial "alarmins", which act solely or in concert to activate and potentiate the innate and humoral arms of the immune system in the presence of actual or perceive damage. Understanding the role of alarmins and how they are activated and released may allow the development of novel new therapeutics to treat asthma. This review describes the interactions between inhaled air, the pulmonary microbiome, airway epithelial cell layer and the alarmins, IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP. There is already compelling evidence for a role of TSLP in the airway responses to environmental allergens in allergic asthmatics, as well as in maintaining airway eosinophilic inflammation in these subjects. Further work is required to develop human monoclonal antibodies (hMabs) directed against IL-25 and IL-33 or their receptors, to help understand their role in the initiation and/or persistence of asthma.
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