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Labaki WW. FEV 1: More Than a Measurement of Lung Function, A Biomarker of Health. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1181-1182. [PMID: 38315965 PMCID: PMC11146545 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0090ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim W Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
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2
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Illidi CR, Romer LM, Johnson MA, Williams NC, Rossiter HB, Casaburi R, Tiller NB. Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1599-1625. [PMID: 36917254 PMCID: PMC10013266 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory function has become a global health priority. Not only is chronic respiratory disease a leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, but the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened attention on respiratory health and the means of enhancing it. Subsequently, and inevitably, the respiratory system has become a target of the multi-trillion-dollar health and wellness industry. Numerous commercial, respiratory-related interventions are now coupled to therapeutic and/or ergogenic claims that vary in their plausibility: from the reasonable to the absurd. Moreover, legitimate and illegitimate claims are often conflated in a wellness space that lacks regulation. The abundance of interventions, the range of potential therapeutic targets in the respiratory system, and the wealth of research that varies in quality, all confound the ability for health and exercise professionals to make informed risk-to-benefit assessments with their patients and clients. This review focuses on numerous commercial interventions that purport to improve respiratory health, including nasal dilators, nasal breathing, and systematized breathing interventions (such as pursed-lips breathing), respiratory muscle training, canned oxygen, nutritional supplements, and inhaled L-menthol. For each intervention we describe the premise, examine the plausibility, and systematically contrast commercial claims against the published literature. The overarching aim is to assist health and exercise professionals to distinguish science from pseudoscience and make pragmatic and safe risk-to-benefit decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla R Illidi
- Clinical Exercise and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lee M Romer
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Michael A Johnson
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Neil C Williams
- Exercise and Health Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, CDCRC Building, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, CDCRC Building, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Nicholas B Tiller
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, CDCRC Building, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
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3
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McGill AR, Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Sivakumar K, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1429. [PMID: 37515117 PMCID: PMC10385125 DOI: 10.3390/v15071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) in 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses have added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. There are limited therapies for respiratory viruses, with broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with antiviral potential, developing a fatty acid-based broad-spectrum antiviral was investigated. Molecular docking of fatty acids showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely to interact with CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, and RSV-F, and an ALA-containing liposome interacted with CoV-2 directly, degrading the particle. Furthermore, a combination of ALA and a SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression and significantly reduced viral plaque formation and IL-6 and IL-1β transcript expression in Calu-3 cells, while increasing the expression of IFN-β. A similar effect was also observed in RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected with a murine-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and treated with an ALA-liposome encapsulating acetate showed significant reductions in plaque-forming units present in lung tissue and in infection-associated lung inflammation and cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ALA liposome-encapsulating acetate can be a promising broad antiviral therapy against respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McGill
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ryan Green
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kavya Sivakumar
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Taneja College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, MDC30, 12908 USF Health Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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4
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Sveiven SN, Anesko K, Morgan J, Nair MG, Nordgren TM. Lipid-Sensing Receptor FFAR4 Modulates Pulmonary Epithelial Homeostasis following Immunogenic Exposures Independently of the FFAR4 Ligand Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087072. [PMID: 37108233 PMCID: PMC10138935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of pulmonary free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is not fully elucidated and we aimed to clarify the impact of FFAR4 on the pulmonary immune response and return to homeostasis. We employed a known high-risk human pulmonary immunogenic exposure to extracts of dust from swine confinement facilities (DE). WT and Ffar4-null mice were repetitively exposed to DE via intranasal instillation and supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by oral gavage. We sought to understand if previous findings of DHA-mediated attenuation of the DE-induced inflammatory response are FFAR4-dependent. We identified that DHA mediates anti-inflammatory effects independent of FFAR4 expression, and that DE-exposed mice lacking FFAR4 had reduced immune cells in the airways, epithelial dysplasia, and impaired pulmonary barrier integrity. Analysis of transcripts using an immunology gene expression panel revealed a role for FFAR4 in lungs related to innate immune initiation of inflammation, cytoprotection, and immune cell migration. Ultimately, the presence of FFAR4 in the lung may regulate cell survival and repair following immune injury, suggestive of potential therapeutic directions for pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kyle Anesko
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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5
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Li ZH, Song WQ, Shen D, Zhang PD, Zhou JM, Zhang XR, Zhang YJ, Ren JJ, Chen YJ, Liu D, Zhong WF, Chen PL, Huang QM, Wang XM, Liang F, Qiu CS, Chen ZT, Li C, Mao C. Habitual fish oil supplementation and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Data from a prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2651-2658. [PMID: 36308984 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil is one of the most popular supplements in the UK and other developed countries. However, the relationship between fish oil use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association of habitual fish oil supplementation with incident COPD risk and to evaluate potential effect modification by genetic predisposition. METHODS This study included 484,414 participants (mean and standard deviation [SD] age: 56.5 [8.1] years) from the UK Biobank who completed a touchscreen questionnaire on habitual fish oil supplement use between 2006 and 2010 and were followed up through 2018. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, health conditions, and other potential confounding factors. A weighted genetic risk score (GRS) for COPD was derived from 112 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 8860 incident COPD events were recorded. A total of 31.4% (152,230) of the study participants reported habitual fish oil supplementation at baseline. Habitual fish oil supplementation was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident COPD (adjusted HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.93). The association with COPD did not differ by GRS strata (P for interaction = 0.880). The results from subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that habitual fish oil supplementation is associated with a lower risk of incident COPD, irrespective of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Qi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Liang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Mei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Shen Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Ting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Stolz D, Mkorombindo T, Schumann DM, Agusti A, Ash SY, Bafadhel M, Bai C, Chalmers JD, Criner GJ, Dharmage SC, Franssen FME, Frey U, Han M, Hansel NN, Hawkins NM, Kalhan R, Konigshoff M, Ko FW, Parekh TM, Powell P, Rutten-van Mölken M, Simpson J, Sin DD, Song Y, Suki B, Troosters T, Washko GR, Welte T, Dransfield MT. Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission. Lancet 2022; 400:921-972. [PMID: 36075255 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Desiree M Schumann
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute-Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Y Ash
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Hawkins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Konigshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Maureen Rutten-van Mölken
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jodie Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thierry Troosters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Belz DC, Woo H, Putcha N, Paulin LM, Koehler K, Fawzy A, Alexis NE, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Cooper CB, Couper D, Dransfield M, Gassett AJ, Han M, Hoffman EA, Kanner RE, Krishnan JA, Martinez FJ, Paine R, Peng RD, Peters S, Pirozzi CS, Woodruff PG, Kaufman JD, Hansel NN. Ambient ozone effects on respiratory outcomes among smokers modified by neighborhood poverty: An analysis of SPIROMICS AIR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154694. [PMID: 35318050 PMCID: PMC9117415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood poverty has been associated with poor health outcomes. Previous studies have also identified adverse respiratory effects of long-term ambient ozone. Factors associated with neighborhood poverty may accentuate the adverse impact of ozone on respiratory health. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether neighborhood poverty modifies the association between ambient ozone exposure and respiratory morbidity including symptoms, exacerbation risk, and radiologic parameters, among participants of the SPIROMICS AIR cohort study. METHODS Spatiotemporal models incorporating cohort-specific monitoring estimated 10-year average outdoor ozone concentrations at participants' homes. Adjusted regression models were used to determine the association of ozone exposure with respiratory outcomes, accounting for demographic factors, education, individual income, body mass index (BMI), and study site. Neighborhood poverty rate was defined by percentage of families living below federal poverty level per census tract. Interaction terms for neighborhood poverty rate with ozone were included in covariate-adjusted models to evaluate for effect modification. RESULTS 1874 participants were included in the analysis, with mean (± SD) age 64 (± 8.8) years and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) 74.7% (±25.8) predicted. Participants resided in neighborhoods with mean poverty rate of 9.9% (±10.3) of families below the federal poverty level and mean 10-year ambient ozone concentration of 24.7 (±5.2) ppb. There was an interaction between neighborhood poverty rate and ozone concentration for numerous respiratory outcomes, including COPD Assessment Test score, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, six-minute walk test, and odds of COPD exacerbation in the year prior to enrollment, such that adverse effects of ozone were greater among participants in higher poverty neighborhoods. CONCLUSION Individuals with COPD in high poverty neighborhoods have higher susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of ambient ozone exposure, after adjusting for individual factors. These findings highlight the interaction between exposures associated with poverty and their effect on respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Belz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Han Woo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center/Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Dr, Pulmonary 5C Ste, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Neil E Alexis
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - R Graham Barr
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - David Couper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Mark Dransfield
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - MeiLan Han
- University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Richard E Kanner
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, 1853 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | - Robert Paine
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Roger D Peng
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Stephen Peters
- Wake Forest University, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Cheryl S Pirozzi
- University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, HSE, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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8
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Sherratt SCR, Libby P, Bhatt DL, Mason RP. A biological rationale for the disparate effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 182:102450. [PMID: 35690002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rapidly incorporate into cell membranes where they modulate signal transduction pathways, lipid raft formation, and cholesterol distribution. Membrane n3-FAs also form specialized pro-resolving mediators and other intracellular oxylipins that modulate inflammatory pathways, including T-cell differentiation and gene expression. Cardiovascular (CV) trials have shown that EPA, administered as icosapent ethyl (IPE), reduces composite CV events, along with plaque volume, in statin-treated, high-risk patients. Mixed EPA/DHA regimens have not shown these benefits, perhaps as the result of differences in formulation, dosage, or potential counter-regulatory actions of DHA. Indeed, EPA and DHA have distinct, tissue-specific effects on membrane structural organization and cell function. This review summarizes: (1) results of clinical outcome and imaging trials using n3-FA formulations; (2) membrane interactions of n3-FAs; (3) effects of n3-FAs on membrane oxidative stress and cholesterol crystalline domain formation during hyperglycemia; (4) n3-FA effects on endothelial function; (5) role of n3-FA-generated metabolites in inflammation; and (6) ongoing and future clinical investigations exploring treatment targets for n3-FAs, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C R Sherratt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03823, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA
| | - R Preston Mason
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA; Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA.
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9
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Zúñiga-Hernández J, Sambra V, Echeverría F, Videla LA, Valenzuela R. N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:4260-4272. [PMID: 35355027 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) and their lipid mediators are known to have an inflammation pro-resolution effect. The effects of these n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are beginning to be understood. Consequently, this article aims to analyze the influence of n-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators on the inflammatory response in respiratory health, emphasizing recent data concerning their beneficial effects in the prevention and possible treatment of different respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, airway allergic syndromes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review includes studies regarding the effects of EPA, DHA, and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) on in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory disease, concluding that EPA and DHA have a positive impact in attenuating the pro-inflammatory response in respiratory diseases, reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, fever and difficulty in breathing. Controversial data reported are probably due to differences in several factors, including the dosages, administration vehicles, and the supplementation times employed, which are aspects that remain to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Sambra
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Kocherlakota C, Nagaraju B, Arjun N, Srinath A, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102426. [PMID: 35381532 PMCID: PMC8964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour post-injection, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, Budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and Melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n = 3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3FA groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banda Nagaraju
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Narala Arjun
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akula Srinath
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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11
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Assessment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on COVID-19-Associated Risk Reduction. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 32:50-64. [PMID: 34876760 PMCID: PMC8638948 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pooled evidence conveys the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and infectious disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped mRNA virus, was also reported to interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present review explores the possible mode of action, immunology, and consequences of these polyunsaturated fatty acids during the viral infection. Polyunsaturated fatty acids control protein complex formation in lipid rafts associated with the function of two SARS-CoV-2 entry gateways: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and cellular protease transmembrane protease serine-2. Therefore, the viral entry can be mitigated by modulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the body. α-Linolenic acid is the precursor of two clinically important eicosanoids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the members of ω-3 fats. Resolvins, protectins, and maresins derived from docosahexaenoic acid suppress inflammation and augment phagocytosis that lessens microbial loads. Prostaglandins of 3 series, leukotrienes of 5 series, and thromboxane A3 from eicosapentaenoic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and platelet anti-aggregatory effects that may also contribute to the control of pre-existing pulmonary and cardiac diseases. In contrast, ω-6 linoleic acid-derived arachidonic acid increases the prostaglandin G2, lipoxins A4 and B4, and thromboxane A2. These cytokines are pro-inflammatory and enhance the immune response but aggravate the COVID-19 severity. Therefore, the rational intake of ω-3-enriched foods or supplements might lessen the complications in COVID-19 and might be a preventive measure. Graphic Abstract
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12
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Ritchie AI, Baker JR, Parekh TM, Allinson JP, Bhatt SP, Donnelly LE, Donaldson GC. Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2020. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:14-22. [PMID: 33856972 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0253up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andy I Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon R Baker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trisha M Parekh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - James P Allinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin C Donaldson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Alemao CA, Budden KF, Gomez HM, Rehman SF, Marshall JE, Shukla SD, Donovan C, Forster SC, Yang IA, Keely S, Mann ER, El Omar EM, Belz GT, Hansbro PM. Impact of diet and the bacterial microbiome on the mucous barrier and immune disorders. Allergy 2021; 76:714-734. [PMID: 32762040 DOI: 10.1111/all.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly noncommunicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly, the interplay between diet, microbiome and the mucous barrier in these diseases has gained significant attention. Diet modulates the mucous barrier via alterations in gut microbiota, resulting in either disease onset/exacerbation due to a "poor" diet or protection against disease with a "healthy" diet. In addition, many mucosa-associated disorders possess a specific gut microbiome fingerprint associated with the composition of the mucous barrier, which is further influenced by host-microbiome and inter-microbial interactions, dietary choices, microbe immigration and antimicrobials. Our review focuses on the interactions of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients), gut microbiota and mucous barriers (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) and their importance in the onset and/or progression of major immune/metabolic disorders. We also highlight the key mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically to prevent and/or treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Alemao
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Kurtis F. Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Henry M. Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Saima F. Rehman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Jacqueline E. Marshall
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shakti D. Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Samuel C. Forster
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- Thoracic Program The Prince Charles Hospital Metro North Hospital and Health Service Brisbane QLD Australia
- Faculty of Medicine UQ Thoracic Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology University of Newcastle New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Emad M. El Omar
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School Microbiome Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
- Department of Medical Biology Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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14
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Kim JS, Steffen BT, Podolanczuk AJ, Kawut SM, Noth I, Raghu G, Michos ED, Hoffman EA, Axelsson GT, Gudmundsson G, Gudnason V, Gudmundsson EF, Murphy RA, Dupuis J, Xu H, Vasan RS, O'Connor GT, Harris WS, Hunninghake GM, Barr RG, Tsai MY, Lederer DJ. Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:95-108. [PMID: 32803215 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We examined associations of circulating levels of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids with hospitalization and death due to ILD over 12 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 6,573). We examined cross-sectional associations with CT lung abnormalities in MESA (2000-2012; n = 6,541), the Framingham Heart Study (2005-2011; n = 3,917), and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) (2002-2006; n = 1,106). Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were determined from fasting blood samples and extracted from plasma phospholipids (MESA and AGES-Reykjavik) or red blood cell membranes (Framingham Heart Study). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted rate ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.99) and a lower rate of death due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). Higher DHA was associated with fewer interstitial lung abnormalities on computed tomography (per natural log increment, pooled adjusted odds ratio = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death due to ILD and fewer lung abnormalities on computed tomography in a meta-analysis of data from population-based cohort studies.
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15
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Hanson C, Brigham E. Maternal nutrition and child respiratory outcomes: paradigms of lung health and disease. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:55/3/1902437. [PMID: 32165423 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02437-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrine Hanson
- Division of Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Emily Brigham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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