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Wang M, Yi M, Wang L, Sun S, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Probiotics on the Growth Performance of Fattening Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1285. [PMID: 38731289 PMCID: PMC11083020 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance; rumen and intestinal microbiota; rumen fluid, serum, and urine metabolism; and rumen epithelial cell transcriptomics of fattening meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected and randomly divided into two groups. They were fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 108 CFU/g probiotics (PRB). The results show that the average daily weight gain, and volatile fatty acid and serum antioxidant capacity concentrations of the PRB group were significantly higher than those of the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, the thickness of the rumen muscle layer in the PRB group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01); the thickness of the duodenal muscle layer in the fattening sheep was significantly reduced; and the length of the duodenal villi, the thickness of the cecal and rectal mucosal muscle layers, and the thickness of the cecal, colon, and rectal mucosal layers (p < 0.05) were significantly increased. At the genus level, the addition of probiotics altered the composition of the rumen and intestinal microbiota, significantly upregulating the relative abundance of Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis and Acinetobacter in the rumen microbiota, and significantly downregulating the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio, Saccharofermentans, and Fibrobacter. The relative abundance of faecalicoccus was significantly upregulated in the intestinal microbiota, while the relative abundance of Coprococcus, Porphyromonas, and Anaerobacterium were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the rumen, serum, and urine metabolites between the PRB group and the CON group, with 188, 138, and 104 metabolites (p < 0.05), mainly affecting pathways such as vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, and a series of amino acid metabolisms. The differential genes in the transcriptome sequencing were mainly enriched in protein modification regulation (especially histone modification), immune function regulation, and energy metabolism. Therefore, adding probiotics improved the growth performance of fattening sheep by altering the rumen and intestinal microbiota; the rumen, serum, and urine metabolome; and the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Mingliang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shixin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (M.Y.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Soji-Mbongo Z, Mpendulo TC. Knowledge Gaps on the Utilization of Fossil Shell Flour in Beef Production: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:333. [PMID: 38275794 PMCID: PMC10812526 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Population growth in many countries results in increased demand for livestock production and quality products. However, beef production represents a complex global sustainability challenge, including meeting the increasing demand and the need to respond to climate change and/or greenhouse gas emissions. Several feed resources and techniques have been used but have some constraints that limit their efficient utilization which include being product-specific, not universally applicable, and sometimes compromising the quality of meat. This evokes a need for novel techniques that will provide sustainable beef production and mitigate the carbon footprint of beef while not compromising beef quality. Fossil shell flour (FSF) is a natural additive with the potential to supplement traditional crops in beef cattle rations in response to this complex global challenge as it is cheap, readily available, and eco-friendly. However, it has not gained much attention from scientists, researchers, and farmers, and its use has not yet been adopted in most countries. This review seeks to identify knowledge or research gaps on the utilization of fossil shell flour in beef cattle production, with respect to climate change, carcass, and meat quality. Addressing these research gaps would be a step forward in developing sustainable and eco-friendly beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimkhitha Soji-Mbongo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
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Estrada-Angulo A, Escobedo-Gallegos LDG, Arteaga-Wences YJ, Ramos-Méndez JL, Quezada-Rubio JA, Vizcarra-Chávez CA, Valdés-García YS, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Effect of Combining the Ionophore Monensin with Natural Antimicrobials Supplemented in the Last Phase of Finishing of Lambs: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Characteristics. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2547. [PMID: 37627338 PMCID: PMC10451646 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of evaluating the effect of combining an antibiotic ionophore with plant extracts and probiotics on the productive efficiency (performance and carcass) during the last phase of lamb fattening, 24 Pelibuey × Katahdin male lambs (38.47 ± 3.92 kg, initial weight) were fed with a high-energy diet during for 56 days, and assigned, under a complete randomized block design experiment to one of the following supplement treatments: (1) 28 mg of monensin/kg diet DM supplemented alone (MON), (2) combination of MON plus 2 g/kg diet of a product contained Bacillus subtilis 2.2 × 108 CFU kg diet DM (MON + BS), (3) combination of MON + BS plus 300 mg essential oils/kg diet DM (MON + BS + EO), and (4) BS alone. At the end of the feeding trial (56-d), lambs were slaughtered and carcass variables were measured. Compared to the rest of the treatments, combining MON with BS improved dietary NE by 3.4% and the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy consumed. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination resulted in a similar average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (GF) when compared with MON + BS, but showed a lower dietary net energy (NE), hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Lambs receiving BS alone showed greater average ADG and dry matter intake (DMI) than lambs receiving MON + BS + EO, but similar feed GF and dietary NE. There were no treatment effects on tissue composition, whole cut, or visceral organ mass. It was concluded that combining probiotics with the ionophore monensin can improve the efficiency of dietary energy utilization in the last phase of finishing. Probiotics supplemented alone result in greater ADG without a difference in dietary energy efficiency when compared with MON alone. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination did not show advantages; on the contrary, it reduced carcass weight and dressing percentage. It is necessary to further research the potential complementary effects of combining diverse sources of natural additives with synthetic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Estrada-Angulo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Lucía de G. Escobedo-Gallegos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Yesica J. Arteaga-Wences
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Jorge L. Ramos-Méndez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Jesús A. Quezada-Rubio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Claudia A. Vizcarra-Chávez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
| | - Yissel S. Valdés-García
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Barreras
- Veterinary Science Research Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico; (Y.S.V.-G.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard A. Zinn
- Animal Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80260, Mexico; (A.E.-A.); (L.d.G.E.-G.); (Y.J.A.-W.); (J.L.R.-M.); (J.A.Q.-R.); (C.A.V.-C.)
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Kazemi S, Hajimohammadi A, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S. Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and growth in weaning Saanen kids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:282. [PMID: 37530870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplementation on the metabolic, immune, and oxidative status of Sannen goat kids during the weaning challenge. Forty goat kids were randomly assigned to four groups: a probiotic group (Pr) (basal diet + mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lechiniformis, Streptococcus Thermophilis, and Enterococcus faecium), a yeast cell wall extract group (YC) (basal diet + Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (Pr + YC) (basal diet + mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract), and a control group (basal diet). Treatments were administered 21 days prior to weaning (80 ± 2 days of life) until 21 days post-weaning except for the control group. Blood samples were collected at four different time points, including 21 days before weaning, 2 days post-weaning (weaning time), 7 days post-weaning, and 21 days post-weaning. Average levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide (NO), ferritin, glucose, cortisol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), Β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and body weight were measured. The average levels of cortisol tended to be higher in the Pr group in comparison to the control group (P = 0.07) and the Pr + YC group (P = 0.10). NEFA was found to be higher and tended to be higher in the control group compared to the Pr + YC group (P > 0.001) and Pr group (P = 0.10), respectively. Additionally, the BHBA concentration was higher in the control group compared to the Pr group (P > 0.001). No differences were observed in the concentration of other measured parameters among the treatments. The concentration of cortisol tended to be higher (P = 0.10) at the weaning time as compared to the third sampling time. Furthermore, the concentration of TAC was observed to be higher (P > 0.01) at the weaning time in comparison to the third and fourth sampling times. The concentration of NO was higher (P > 0.01) at the third sampling time when compared to the first sampling time. A reduction in NEFA and BHBA levels may suggest an improvement in the metabolic status of the supplemented animals during the weaning challenge. However, supplementation with probiotics and yeast cell wall extract did not appear to have an effect on the oxidative status of the animals. The increase in TAC and NO levels observed during the weaning time may indicate an increase in oxidative stress during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Kazemi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran
| | - Ali Hajimohammadi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran.
| | - Ahmadreza Mirzaei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 7144169155, Iran
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Saha S, Fukuyama K, Debnath M, Namai F, Nishiyama K, Kitazawa H. Recent Advances in the Use of Probiotics to Improve Meat Quality of Small Ruminants: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1652. [PMID: 37512825 PMCID: PMC10385419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat from small ruminants is considered a high quality and delicacy product in many countries. Several benefits have been perceived from probiotics as dietary supplements, such as improved carcass weight, color, tenderness, flavor, muscle fiber structure, water-holding capacity, and healthy fatty acid profile of the meat. Thus, the present review focuses on the effect of probiotics on improving the quality of meat from small ruminants. Though many benefits have been associated with the use of probiotics, the findings of all the considered articles are not always consistent, and the mechanisms behind improving meat quality are not appropriately defined. This variability of findings could be due to the use of different probiotic strains, dosage rates, number of days of experiment, nutrition, breed, age, and health status of the animals. Therefore, future research should emphasize specific strains, optimal dose and days of administration, route, and mechanisms for the specific probiotic strains to host. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the use of probiotics for small ruminants and their impact on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeb Saha
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Marina Debnath
- Ministry of Public Administration, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fu Namai
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Zamboti ML, Pertile SFN, Santos RMD, Barreto JVP, Zanoni APK, Castilho C, Zundt M, Rego FCDA. Nutrient intake, digestibility and ruminal characteristics of lambs supplemented with probiotic. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:163. [PMID: 37074501 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of probiotic in the diets of lambs, on ruminal characteristics, intake and digestibility of nutrients. The treatments were 0 (control group), 2, 4 and 6 g/day of probiotic doses, supplied orally and individually to the lambs. Four crossbred Santa Inês X Texel lambs were used, and the experimental design was a Latin square, with four treatments and four periods. Samples of diet, orts, feces, and ruminal fluid were collected from each animal. Intake and apparent digestibility variables were not different (p > 0.05) among the levels of probiotic evaluated. The average daily feed intake of lambs ranged from 1.27 to 1.28 kg of DM/day, and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were obtained between the levels of probiotics used in the diet. The percentage distribution of protozoa was not significant according to the different doses of probiotics used. A positive linear effect was obtained between the pH of the rumen fluid and the probiotic used, indicating that the highest pH values were obtained when the animals received the higher dose of 6 g probiotic; indicative that its use provides a ruminal environment closer to neutrality. The methylene blue reduction test in ruminal fluid samples did not differ between the different doses of probiotics used. The increasing levels of the probiotic in the diet of lambs are related to an increase in ruminal pH, without changing the levels of intake and digestibility of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Ludovico Zamboti
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, PR-218, Km 1, Jardim Aeroporto, 86702-670, Arapongas, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Kuller Zanoni
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, PR-218, Km 1, Jardim Aeroporto, 86702-670, Arapongas, PR, Brasil
| | - Caliê Castilho
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Marilice Zundt
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
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Zhou J, Zhao K, Shao L, Bao Y, Gyantsen D, Ma C, Xue B. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Combination of Probiotics and Enzymes as Supplements on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters in Early-Weaned Grazing Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050785. [PMID: 36899642 PMCID: PMC10000113 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaning is an effective strategy to improve cow feed utilization and shorten postpartum intervals in cows; however, this may lead to poor performance of the weaned calves. This study was conducted to test the effects of supplementing milk replacer with Bacillus licheniformis and a complex of probiotics and enzyme preparations on body weight (BW), size, and serum biochemical parameters and hormones in early-weaned grazing yak calves. Thirty two-month-old male grazing yaks (38.89 ± 1.45 kg body weight) were fed milk replacer at 3% of their BW and were randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 10, each): T1 (supplementation with 0.15 g/kg Bacillus licheniformis), T2 (supplementation with a 2.4 g/kg combination of probiotics and enzymes), and a control (without supplementation). Compared to the controls, the average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T1 and T2 treatments, and that from 30 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T2 treatment. The ADG from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in the T2- than in the T1-treated yaks. The concentration of serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor was significantly higher in the T2-treated calves than in the controls. The concentration of serum cortisol was significantly lower in the T1 treatment than in the controls. We concluded that supplementation with probiotics alone or a combination of probiotics and enzymes can improve the ADG of early-weaned grazing yak calves. Supplementation with the combination of probiotics and enzymes had a stronger positive effect on growth and serum hormone levels, compared to the single-probiotic treatment with Bacillus licheniformis, providing a basis for the application of a combination of probiotics and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lisheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhong Bao
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dundup Gyantsen
- Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Chenglong Ma
- Lhasa Poultry Breeding Research and Protection and Extension Center, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Liang S, Wang L, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. The different trends in the burden of neurological and mental disorders following dietary transition in China, the USA, and the world: An extension analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Nutr 2023; 9:957688. [PMID: 36698474 PMCID: PMC9869872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The highly processed western diet is substituting the low-processed traditional diet in the last decades globally. Increasing research found that a diet with poor quality such as western diet disrupts gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility to various neurological and mental disorders, while a balanced diet regulates gut microbiota and prevents and alleviates the neurological and mental disorders. Yet, there is limited research on the association between the disease burden expanding of neurological and mental disorders with a dietary transition. Methods We compared the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) trend by age for neurological and mental disorders in China, in the United States of America (USA), and across the world from 1990 to 2019, evaluated the dietary transition in the past 60 years, and analyzed the association between the burden trend of the two disorders with the changes in diet composition and food production. Results We identified an age-related upward pattern in disease burden in China. Compared with the USA and the world, the Chinese neurological and mental disorders DALY percent was least in the generation over 75 but rapidly increased in younger generations and surpassed the USA and/or the world in the last decades. The age-related upward pattern in Chinese disease burdens had not only shown in the presence of cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus but also appeared in the presence of depressive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, schizophrenia, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders, successively. Additionally, the upward trend was associated with the dramatic dietary transition including a reduction in dietary quality and food production sustainability, during which the younger generation is more affected than the older. Following the increase in total calorie intake, alcohol intake, ratios of animal to vegetal foods, and poultry meat to pulses, the burdens of the above diseases continuously rose. Then, following the rise of the ratios of meat to pulses, eggs to pulses, and pork to pulses, the usage of fertilizers, the farming density of pigs, and the burdens of the above disease except diabetes mellitus were also ever-increasing. Even the usage of pesticides was positively correlated with the burdens of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cardiovascular diseases, and neoplasms. Contrary to China, the corresponding burdens of the USA trended to reduce with the improvements in diet quality and food production sustainability. Discussion Our results suggest that improving diet quality and food production sustainability might be a promising way to stop the expanding burdens of neurological and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shan Liang,
| | - Li Wang
- Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,Feng Jin,
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Durmic Z, Milton J, Dart P, Vadhanabhuti J, Vercoe P, Callaghan M. Feeding pellets inoculated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 improves production parameters in young Merino wethers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Taboada N, Fernández Salom M, Córdoba A, González SN, López Alzogaray S, Van Nieuwenhove C. Administration of selected probiotic mixture improves body weight gain and meat fatty acid composition of creole goats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The performance of lactic acid bacteria in silage production: a review of modern biotechnology for silage improvement. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Li P, Gao M, Song B, Yan S, Zhao Y, Gong L, Liu Y, Lv Z, Guo Y. Soya saponin fails to improve the antioxidation and immune function of laying hens with antibiotics treated. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101921. [PMID: 35691239 PMCID: PMC9194864 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soya saponin (SS) helps to improve antioxidant and immune function of body, and intestinal bacteria might play an important role here. In the present study, the co-occurring network of the ileal flora was analyzed with 50 mg/kg SS supplemented to the diet, and Romboutsia was found to have evolved into a dominant flora. In addition, the co-occurring network of the flora was changed with the combined antibiotic treated, and the unidentified-cyanobacteria developed into the dominant flora, whereas the relative abundance of Romboutsia was dropped. Dietary SS failed to elevate the relative abundance of Romboutsia with antibiotics treated, at the same time, it was not helpful for the antioxidant and immune function of laying hens. While dietary SS had a little help on the egg-laying performance. Intestinal bacteria did play a key role in the biological functions of SS on laying hens. In conclusion, SS failed to improve the antioxidation and immune function of laying hens with antibiotics treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bochen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaojia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yizhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Nalla K, Manda NK, Dhillon HS, Kanade SR, Rokana N, Hess M, Puniya AK. Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805963. [PMID: 35756055 PMCID: PMC9218901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirankumar Nalla
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biosensors and Nanotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Matthias Hess
- Systems Microbiology and Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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14
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Melara EG, Avellaneda MC, Valdivié M, García-Hernández Y, Aroche R, Martínez Y. Probiotics: Symbiotic Relationship with the Animal Host. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060719. [PMID: 35327116 PMCID: PMC8944810 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intestinal health directly influences the profitability of animal production, and so growth-promoting antibiotics have been used in the feed or drinking water to reduce the impact of enteric diseases and improve production parameters. However, these have generated long-term bacterial resistance. In the search for natural alternatives to antibiotics, various probiotic strains have been developed to improve intestinal health and biological indicators in farm animals, which is important to provide the consumer with safe food. This review describes the main probiotic bacteria and yeasts, their in vitro properties and their impact on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal environment of animals. Furthermore, this review outlines the role of probiotics in apparently healthy ruminants, pigs and poultry, including animals with digestive diseases. Abstract Antibiotic growth-promoters in animal feeding are known to generate bacterial resistance on commercial farms and have proven deleterious effects on human health. This review addresses the effects of probiotics and their symbiotic relationship with the animal host as a viable alternative for producing healthy meat, eggs, and milk at present and in the future. Probiotics can tolerate the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the gastric acid, pH and bile salts, to exert beneficial effects on the host. They (probiotics) may also have a beneficial effect on productivity, health and wellbeing in different parameters of animal performance. Probiotics stimulate the native microbiota (microbes that are present in their place of origin) and production of short-chain fatty acids, with proven effects such as antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects, resulting in better intestinal health, nutrient absorption capacity and productive responses in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. These beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to each microbial strain; therefore, the isolation and identification of beneficial microorganisms, as well as in vitro and in vivo testing in different categories of farm animals, will guarantee their efficacy, replicability and sustainability in the current production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Guadalupe Melara
- Master Program in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture, Graduate Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Mavir Carolina Avellaneda
- Plant Pathology, Diagnosis and Molecular Research Lab, Agricultural Sciences and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras;
| | - Manuel Valdivié
- National Center for Laboratory Animal Production, P.O. Box 6240, Santiago de las Vegas, Rancho Boyeros, Havana 10900, Cuba;
| | - Yaneisy García-Hernández
- Departamento de Animales Monogástricos, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Carretera Central km 47 ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba;
| | - Roisbel Aroche
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Granma, Bayamo 85100, Cuba;
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Poultry Research and Teaching Center, Agricultural Science and Production Department, Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente 11101, Honduras
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-94422496
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15
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YONESHIGE R, KUSUDA E, ANDO T. Effect of probiotics on blood fatty acid metabolism during the late middle stage of fattening period in Japanese Black cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:319-324. [PMID: 35110457 PMCID: PMC8983281 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics administration on fatty acid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle as per changes in blood fatty acid concentrations and
blood biochemical tests. Eighteen clinically healthy Japanese Black female fattening cattle bred on the same fattening farm were randomly classified into the probiotics administration group
(n=9) or the control group (n=9). In the probiotics administration group, 50 g of probiotics were started per animal per day at the age of 18 months, and the administration period was 2
months from the start date of the study. Blood was collected twice before starting the probiotics administration and at 2 months after starting the probiotics administration. In the
probiotics administration group, palmitic, linoleic, arachidonic and α-linolenic acid tended to be higher at the end of the administration compared with those before probiotics
administration. Additionally, as a result of multiple comparison test, monounsaturated fatty acids at Post was significantly higher, and the ω6 / ω3 ratio was significantly lower than in the
control group. Vitamin A, E and albumin were significantly higher at the end of the administration than in the control group. In this study that administering probiotics to Japanese Black
cattle in the late middle stage of fattening period did not have a significant effect on fatty acid metabolism during feed digestion and absorption, but suggested that may alter some blood
fatty acids concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takaaki ANDO
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University
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16
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Zhang Y, Choi SH, Nogoy KM, Liang S. Review: The development of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota and intervention in neonatal ruminants. Animal 2021; 15:100316. [PMID: 34293582 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex microbiome colonizing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants plays an important role in the development of the immune system, nutrient absorption and metabolism. Hence, understanding GIT microbiota colonization in neonatal ruminants has positive impacts on host health and productivity. Microbes rapidly colonize the GIT after birth and gradually develop into a complex microbial community, which allows the possibility of GIT microbiome manipulation to enhance newborn health and growth and perhaps induce lasting effects in adult ruminants. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding how host-microbiome interactions affect the GIT development and health of neonatal ruminants. Following initial GIT microbiome colonization, continuous exposure to host-specific microorganisms is necessary for GIT development and immune system maturation. Furthermore, the early GIT microbial community structure is significantly affected by early life events, such as maternal microbiota exposure, dietary changes, age and the addition of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, supporting the idea of microbial programming in early life. However, the time window in which interventions can optimally improve production and reduce gastrointestinal disease as well as the role of key host-specific microbiota constituents and host immune regulation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - K M Nogoy
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - S Liang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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17
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Barreto MO, Soust M, Moore RJ, Olchowy TWJ, Alawneh JI. Systematic review and meta-analysis of probiotic use on inflammatory biomarkers and disease prevention in cattle. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105433. [PMID: 34298303 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to appraise the available evidence on the effectiveness of probiotic treatment on mature cattle immunity, inflammation, and disease prevention. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to analyse studies that were eligible to answer the following research question: "in cattle of at least 6-months of age, is the use of probiotics associated with immunomodulatory and inflammatory responses, and clinical disease outcomes?" Our literature search yielded 25 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. From these studies, only 19 were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis due to data limitations and differences in study population characteristics. Included studies were assessed for bias using a risk assessment tool adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. GRADE guidelines were used to assess the quality of the body of evidence at the outcome level. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager and R. The overall quality of evidence at the outcome level was assessed as being very low. On average, the treatment effect on immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BoHB) for cows receiving probiotics did not differ from control cows. Exposure to probiotics was not associated with reduced risk of reproductive disorders (pooled RR = 1.02 95 % CI = 0.81-1.27, P = 0.88). There is insufficient evidence to support any significant positive effects of probiotics on cattle immunity and disease prevention. This lack of consistent evidence could be due to dissimilarities in the design of the included studies such as differences in dosage, dose schedule, diet composition and/or physiological state of the host at the time of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O Barreto
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia; The University of Queensland, Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, Queensland, 4573, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Timothy W J Olchowy
- The University of Queensland, Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - John I Alawneh
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia; The University of Queensland, Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia; Murdoch University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
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18
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Santos FDS, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, Alves Ferreira MR, Brasil CL, Cunha RC, Conceição FR, Leite FPL. Immunomodulatory effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in sheep vaccinated with Clostridium chauvoei. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 237:110272. [PMID: 34029878 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Clostridium chauvoei is the causative agent of blackleg in livestock, and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis and Saccharomyces boulardii on the immune response to a C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep. Sheep were vaccinated subcutaneously on day 0 and received a booster dose on day 21, with 2 mL of a commercial vaccine formulated with inactivated C. chauvoei bacterin adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Probiotics were orally administered B. toyonensis (3 × 108 cfu) and S. boulardii (3 × 108 cfu) over five days prior to the first and second doses of the vaccine. Sheep supplemented with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii showed significantly higher specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 titers (P<0.05), with approximately 24- and 14-fold increases in total IgG levels, respectively, than the nonsupplemented group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the supplemented group had increased mRNA transcription levels of the IFN-γ, IL2, and Bcl6 genes. These results demonstrate an adjuvant effect of short-term supplementation with B. toyonensis and S. boulardii on the immune response against the C. chauvoei vaccine in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Denis Souza Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Reichert Maubrigades
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Litchina Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-900, Brazil.
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19
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Kwoji ID, Aiyegoro OA, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. Multi-Strain Probiotics: Synergy among Isolates Enhances Biological Activities. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:322. [PMID: 33924344 PMCID: PMC8070017 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics for health benefits is becoming popular because of the quest for safer products with protective and therapeutic effects against diseases and infectious agents. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens had prompted restrictions over the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion, especially in animal husbandry. While single-strain probiotics are beneficial to health, multi-strain probiotics might be more helpful because of synergy and additive effects among the individual isolates. This article documents the mechanisms by which multi-strain probiotics exert their effects in managing infectious and non-infectious diseases, inhibiting antibiotic-resistant pathogens and health improvement. The administration of multi-strain probiotics was revealed to effectively alleviate bowel tract conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inhibition of pathogens and modulation of the immune system and gut microbiota. Finally, while most of the current research focuses on comparing the effects of multi-strain and single-strain probiotics, there is a dearth of information on the molecular mechanisms of synergy among multi-strain probiotics isolates. This forms a basis for future research in the development of multi-strain probiotics for enhanced health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya D. Kwoji
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Olayinka A. Aiyegoro
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Irene 0062, South Africa;
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
| | - Matthew A. Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.D.K.); (M.O.)
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20
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Primec M, Škorjanc D, Langerholc T, Mičetić-Turk D, Gorenjak M. Specific Lactobacillus probiotic strains decrease transepithelial glucose transport through GLUT2 downregulation in intestinal epithelial cell models. Nutr Res 2021; 86:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Pei X, Xiao X, Liao J, Ke L, Li D, Tang S. Identification of Plant Soot as Novel Safe Feed Additive: Evaluation of 90-Day Oral Toxicity and Prenatal Developmental Toxicity in Rats. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:610627. [PMID: 33426030 PMCID: PMC7793944 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant soot, as a novel feed additive, could not only improve digestive function but also adsorb mycotoxins and inhibit bacterial infections. The subchronic toxicity and prenatal developmental effects of plant soot were studied for the first time. Our results indicated that there was no subchronic toxicity in the range of 2,000–50,000 mg/kg plant soot added in the feed, and there was no significant difference in reproductive function, embryo development, and teratogenicity between the pregnant rats exposed to 312.5, 1,250, and 5,000 mg/kg plant soot and the control group. The maximum no-observed effect level (NOEL) of supplemental dosage in feed could be set to 50,000 mg/kg, and the maximum intragastric NOEL could be set to 5,000 mg/kg, which preliminarily provided guidance on daily additive amount or clinical protocols for plant soot, as well as promoting the development and application of this harmless antibiotic substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Pei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xilong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Shunchang Tanwawa Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shunchang, China.,Fujian Plant Soot Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shunchang, China
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Shunchang Tanwawa Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shunchang, China.,Fujian Plant Soot Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shunchang, China
| | - Daowen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Santos FDS, Ferreira MRA, Maubrigades LR, Gonçalves VS, de Lara APS, Moreira C, Salvarani FM, Conceição FR, Leivas Leite FP. Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 T transient supplementation improves vaccine efficacy in ewes vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:699-706. [PMID: 32767796 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the vaccine immune response in ewes supplemented with Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112T during a period of 5-day supplementation before vaccination against a recombinant Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (rETX). METHODS AND RESULTS Ewes were vaccinated with 200 µg of rETX adjuvanted with 10% aluminium hydroxide. The treat group was orally supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T (3 × 108 viable spores) for 5 days prior to the first and second vaccination. Ewes supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T showed higher neutralizing antibody titres than the non-supplemented ewes (P < 0·05), with an increase in serum levels for total IgG anti-rETX by 3·2-fold (P < 0·0001), and for both IgG isotypes IgG1 and IgG2 by 2·1-fold and 2·3-fold (P < 0·01), respectively, compared with the control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ewes in the supplemented group had a higher (P < 0·05) cytokine mRNA transcription levels for IL-2 (6·4-fold increase), IFN-γ (2·9-fold increase) and transcription factor Bcl6 (2·3-fold increase) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION We conclude that a 5 days of supplementation with B. toyonensis BCT-7112T prior vaccination is sufficient to significantly improve the humoral immune response of ewes against C. perfringens recombinant ETX vaccine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings open a new perspective in the utilization of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T as an immunomodulator since a 5 days period of probiotic supplementation is sufficient to improve the vaccine immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D S Santos
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M R A Ferreira
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L R Maubrigades
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - V S Gonçalves
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A P S de Lara
- Institute of Biology, Postgraduate Program in Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C Moreira
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F M Salvarani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - F R Conceição
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F P Leivas Leite
- Center for Technological Development, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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23
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The effect of a diet based on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes versus a fresh corn Stover-based diet on the rumen bacterial community and metabolites of beef cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10721. [PMID: 32612135 PMCID: PMC7329892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of the food value of rice straw is urgently required in rice crop growing areas to mitigate pollution caused by rice straw burning and enhance the supply of high-quality forages for ruminants. The aims of the present study were to compare the effects of fresh corn Stover and rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes on rumen fermentation and establish the feasibility of increasing the rice straw content in ruminant diets and, by extension, reducing air pollution caused by burning rice straw. Twenty Simmental hybrid beef cattle were randomly allotted to two groups with ten cattle per group. They were fed diets based either on rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes or fresh corn Stover for 90 days. Rumen fluid was sampled with an esophageal tube vacuum pump device from each animal on the mornings of days 30, 60, and 90. Bacterial diversity was evaluated by sequencing the V4–V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Metabolomes were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS). Compared to cattle fed fresh corn Stover, those fed rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes had higher (P < 0.05) levels of acetic acid and propionate in rumen liquid at d 60 and d 90 respectively, higher (P < 0.05) abundances of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres and the genera Ruminococcus, Saccharofermentans, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Treponema, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminobacter, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of metabolites involved in metabolisms of amino acid, carbohydrate, and cofactors and vitamins. Relative to fresh corn Stover, rice straw co-fermented with probiotics and enzymes resulted in higher VFA concentrations, numbers of complex carbohydrate-decomposing and H2-utilizing bacteria, and feed energy conversion efficiency in the rumen.
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Complete genome sequence and antimicrobial activity of Bacillus velezensis JT3-1, a microbial germicide isolated from yak feces. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:231. [PMID: 32399381 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis JT3-1 was isolated from feces of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens) in Gansu province of China. Aim to know whether B. velezensis JT3-1 has the potency to be developed as a probiotic bacterium, works on the complete genome sequence, antimicrobial activity, growth performance in calves, and treatment effect on calf diarrhea of B. velezensis JT3-1 were carried out. The results showed that the complete genome of B. velezensis JT3-1 contains one gapless circular chromosome which is 3,929,799 bp, and has 3761 protein-encoding genes with an average GC content of 46.50%. From the antimicrobial activity results, B. velezensis JT3-1 has shown strong antagonistic activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Mannheimia haemolytica, Staphylococcus hominis, Clostridium perfringens, and Mycoplasma bovis. Compared with the control group, the average weight of the experiment animals from Bv1 group and Bv2 group which were supplemented with B. velezensis JT3-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the Bv1 and Bv2 supplement significantly improved the level of IgA, IgG, IgM, and IFN-γ in calves as compared with the controls (P < 0.05), but the IL-2 level was not obviously changed between the three groups. In addition, B. velezensis JT3-1 showed a good effect against diarrhea, as the cure rate reached 95.0% (171/180) in newborn calves (Angus cattle) in Xinjiang, and 100.0% (149/149) in yak calves in Qinghai, respectively. Our study will lay a good foundation for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of its antimicrobial activity, and supports the hypothesis that JT3-1 has the potential to be developed as a probiotic bacterium in cattle.
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Probiotics in Animal Husbandry: Applicability and Associated Risk Factors. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been emerging as a safe and viable alternative to antibiotics for increasing performance in livestock. Literature was collated via retrieved information from online databases, viz, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Besides improved immunomodulation and nutrient digestibility, in-feed probiotics have shown drastic reductions in gastrointestinal tract-invading pathogens. However, every novel probiotic strain cannot be assumed to share historical safety with conventional strains. Any strain not belonging to the wild-type distributions of relevant antimicrobials, or found to be harbouring virulence determinants, should not be developed further. Modes of identification and the transmigration potential of the strains across the gastrointestinal barrier must be scrutinized. Other potential risk factors include the possibility of promoting deleterious metabolic effects, excessive immune stimulation and genetic stability of the strains over time. Adverse effects of probiotics could be strain specific, depending on the prevailing immunological and physiological condition of the host. The most crucial concern is the stability of the strain. Probiotics stand a good chance of replacing antibiotics in animal husbandry. The possibility of the probiotics used in animal feed cross-contaminating the human food chain cannot be downplayed. Thus, the established safety measures in probiotic development must be adhered to for a successful global campaign on food safety and security.
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Mousa S, Elsayed A, Marghani B, Ateya A. Effects of supplementation of Bacillus spp. on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and gene expression pattern of selective cytokines in growing Barki lambs. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:333-340. [PMID: 31583229 PMCID: PMC6760502 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the potential immune-enhancing effects in addition to anti-oxidative stress properties of commercially accessible Bacillus subtilis supplementation in Barki lambs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty apparently healthy weaned Barki lambs were used in this study and distributed randomly into two experimental groups: Negative control group, received control basal diet without any feed supplements and a supplemented group, received control basal diet supplemented with water added to commercially accessible bacilli at 1 gm/l/day for 30 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from each lamb before starting the experiment (T0), 2 weeks (T15), and 4 weeks (T30) post-supplementation for serum biochemical analyses, total leucocytes and lymphocytes count, and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS The supplemented group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the total number of leukocytes and the number of lymphocytes, lysozyme activity, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity with a significantly lower malondialdehyde values at T30 and significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of serum catalase and nitric oxide at T15 as compared with control ones. B. subtilis elicited maximal up-regulation of most of the studied genes compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The results herein suggest that B. subtilis could be used as useful nutritional supplements to support the immune system in healthy lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry Mousa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Desert Research Center (DRC), Matariya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang N, Wu W, Pan J, Long M. Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070208. [PMID: 31330922 PMCID: PMC6680894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that is commonly found in cereal crops. ZEA has an estrogen-like effect which affects the reproductive function of animals. It also damages the liver and kidneys and reduces immune function which leads to cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity. At present, the detoxification of mycotoxins is mainly accomplished using biological methods. Microbial-based methods involve zearalenone conversion or adsorption, but not all transformation products are nontoxic. In this paper, the non-pathogenic microorganisms which have been found to detoxify ZEA in recent years are summarized. Then, two mechanisms by which ZEA can be detoxified (adsorption and biotransformation) are discussed in more detail. The compounds produced by the subsequent degradation of ZEA and the heterogeneous expression of ZEA-degrading enzymes are also analyzed. The development trends in the use of probiotics as a ZEA detoxification strategy are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference strategy for the biological detoxification of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jiawen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu X, Zhao X, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang Y. Growth, health, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community of Holstein calves fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during the preweaning stage1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2598-2608. [PMID: 30984974 PMCID: PMC6541816 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if feeding Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG, ATCC 53013) to neonatal calves would alter their growth, health, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition during the preweaning stage; we hypothesized that it would. Twenty-four male Holstein calves were blocked and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1) untreated control (CON), or 2) treated with 1 × 1010 cfu/d of a GG suspension (GG). Calves received GG daily, mixed with the milk replacer in the morning feed for 6 wk. Starter and alfalfa hay intakes, as well as feces and respiratory scores, were recorded daily, while body weight and structures were measured weekly. Blood, rumen fluid, and feces samples were collected, from which relevant indicators were detected. The results showed that the administration of GG significantly increased voluntary starter intake (P = 0.023) and ADG (P = 0.035) of the calves. The fecal score (P = 0.018) was lower and the β-hydroxybutyric concentration in the plasma tended to increase (P = 0.092) in calves treated with GG. The pH of the rumen fluid in calves fed GG was lower (P = 0.007), which might be attributable to the tendency (P = 0.083) for total volatile fatty acids concentration to increase. Administration of GG significantly increased the amylase, protease activity, and the microbial protein concentrations (P = 0.043, P = 0.036, and P = 0.044, respectively) in the rumen fluids. Furthermore, GG treatment altered the dominant bacteria order and relative abundance of the bacteria families in the rumen fluids. The microbial diversity indices were significantly affected by GG administration. In conclusion, the neonatal calves fed GG before weaning increased their voluntary starter intake and growth performance, improved the rumen fermentation, and regulated the pattern to normally increase the propionate and butyrate concentrations. Administration of GG also diversified the bacterial community composition in the rumen, and regulated the balance of rumen and intestinal microorganisms. These results indicated that feeding calves GG were beneficial to the rumen development and early weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Leite RG, Romanzini EP, Delevatti LM, Hoffmann A, Ferrari AC, D'Aurea AP, Fernandes LB, Oliveira AP, Reis RA. Organic additives used in beef cattle feedlot: Effects on metabolic parameters and animal performance. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:628-636. [PMID: 30901139 PMCID: PMC6594034 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic additives are recently being used in animal diets owing to their ability to control metabolic issues and result in better animal performance. Specifically, the organic additive Fator P® presents an additional advantage that is to cause a lesser greenhouse gas emission. This study evaluated whether Fator P® intake changes ruminal parameters or animal performance of beef cattle. Evaluations were carried out in a feedlot experiment divided into growing (46 days; two diets [control mix-CM and standard mix-SM] and finishing (lasted 83 days; four diets: CM, SM, Fator P® + virginiamycin, and Fator P® alone [FP]) trials. Animal performance study involved 48 animals allocated to 12 collective pens in completely randomized experimental design. Ruminal parameters were evaluated in separate metabolism study developed carried out using individual pen with four steers. During growing trial, FP diet resulted in higher (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) and ruminating time. In the finishing trial, diets containing Fator P® resulted in higher DMI than obtained with CM. Most of the ruminal parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Therefore, Fator P® represents a viable and safe strategy for supplementation to beef cattle finished using high-concentrate diet in feedlot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaony Gonçalves Leite
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliéder Prates Romanzini
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lutti Maneck Delevatti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alvair Hoffmann
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Ferrari
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Department of Animal Science, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Fossil Shell Flour in Livestock Production: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9030070. [PMID: 30813550 PMCID: PMC6466221 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fossil shell flour (FSF), also known as Diatomaceous earth, or diatomite, consists of amorphous silicates with important physical and chemical characteristics, including porosity and permeability, low density and thermal conductivity, tiny particle size, high surface area, solubility, hydrophobia, and absorption capabilities, which are molecular filter actors, substituting their integral cations without physical changes. The substance is nontoxic, cheap, and readily available in large quantity in many countries. Recently, FSF has been modified as additives for several uses. Recent studies have supported its use as animal growth promoter, vaccine adjuvant in livestock, water purifier, mycotoxin binder, inert dust applications in stored-pest management, pesticide, animal feed additive, as a natural source of silicon in livestock and as natural anthelmintic. Numerous advantages of FSF include its low-cost and availability, its nontoxic characteristics, and the fact that food grade diatomaceous earth is safe for human consumption. In this paper, we review the main uses of FSF in the livestock industry, with reference to similar works earlier published that elucidate their important roles.
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Gamallat Y, Ren X, Walana W, Meyiah A, Xinxiu R, Zhu Y, Li M, Song S, Xie L, Jamalat Y, Saleem MZ, Ma Y, Xin Y, Shang D. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates the gut microbiome composition attenuates preneoplastic colorectal Aberrant crypt foci. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Probiotic effects of marine Debaryomyces hansenii CBS 8339 on innate immune and antioxidant parameters in newborn goats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2339-2352. [PMID: 30656393 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several marine Debaryomyces hansenii strains have shown probiotic effects on aquatic animals, and D. hansenii-derived β-glucans have recently provided immunostimulant effects on goat leukocytes. This study assessed the probiotic effects of live yeast D. hansenii CBS 8339 on newborn goats administered orally, and subsequently challenged in vitro with Escherichia coli. D. hansenii CBS 8339 demonstrated the capacity to survive gastrointestinal tract conditions (bile salts and acid pH tolerance) and adhere to goat intestine. Twelve Saanen × Nubian crossbred newborn goats (2.9 ± 0.47 kg) were fed with a controlled diet or D. hansenii (0.7 g/kg body weight per day)-supplemented milk for 30 days. Blood samples of newborn goats were taken at days 15 and 30, and peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated for bacterial challenge, and immunological and antioxidant analyses. Despite cell viability was higher in leukocytes of goat kids fed with the yeast supplement, protection against E. coli challenge was not significantly affected. On the other hand, at day 15, oral administration of D. hansenii enhanced respiratory burst and catalase activity and increased superoxide dismutase activity after challenge. In contrast, at day 30, administration of the yeast supplement increased peroxidase activity and enhanced nitric oxide production and catalase activity after challenge. Finally, the yeast-supplemented diet upregulated the expression of the receptor genes TLR (2, 4, 6), modulator genes Raf.1, Syk, and Myd88, transcription factor gene AP-1, and cytokine genes IL-1β and TNF-α only at day 15 in leukocytes from unchallenged goat kids. These results demonstrated that a short time (15 days) of orally administering the probiotic D. hansenii CBS 8339 to newborn goats stimulated innate immune and antioxidant parameters and the expression of immune-related gene signaling pathways.
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Ran T, Shen YZ, Saleem AM, AlZahal O, Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. Using ruminally protected and nonprotected active dried yeast as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers: growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and fecal Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4385-4397. [PMID: 30184125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of finishing beef steers with active dried yeast (ADY) in ruminally protected and nonprotected forms on growth performance, carcass traits, and immune response. Seventy-five individually-fed Angus steers (initial body weight (BW) ± SD, 448 ± 8.4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 5 treatments: 1) control (no monensin, tylosin, or ADY), 2) antibiotics (ANT, 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer-1d-1), 3) ADY (1.5 g·steer-1d-1), 4) encapsulated ADY (EDY; 3 g·steer-1d-1), and 5) a mixture of ADY and EDY (MDY; 1.5 g ADY + 3 g EDY·steer-1d-1). Active dried yeast with 1.7 × 1010 cfu/g was encapsulated in equal amounts of ADY and capsule materials (stearic acid and palm oil). Steers were fed a total mixed ration containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley-based concentrate mix (dry matter [DM] basis). The ANT, ADY, and EDY were top-dressed daily to the diet at feeding. Intake of DM, final BW, averaged daily gain (ADG), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were unaffected by ADY or EDY. Carcass traits including hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, marbling score and quality grade did not differ among treatments, although fewer severely abscessed livers were observed (P < 0.05) with ADY and MDY compared with the other treatments. Plasma urea N tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers fed ANT, ADY, or EDY on day 56 and 112, while glucose remained stable in all treatments except greater (P < 0.02) plasma glucose occurred in steers fed MDY on day 112. Serum nonestrified fatty acid (NEFA) was unaffected by ADY or EDY, but it was greater (P < 0.03) in steers fed ANT compared with control. Plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were affected by yeast supplementation on day 112, with greater (P < 0. 01) Hp in steers fed ADY, EDY, or MDY and lesser (P < 0.01) SAA in steers fed EDY and MDY than control. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in steers fed EDY and MDY on day 56. Supplementing with ADY (protected or nonprotected) or ANT had no effect on fecal IgA contents on day 56 and 112. Steers fed yeast (EDY or MDY) tended (P < 0.10) to have fewer fecal Escherichia coli counts than the control and ANT on day 56 and 112. These results indicate that feeding ADY to feedlot cattle may exhibit antipathogenic activity that conferred health and food safety beneficial effects including reduced liver abscess and potentially pathogen excretion, thus yeast may be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in natural beef cattle production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yizhao Z Shen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Atef M Saleem
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | | | - Wenzhu Z Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Comparative in vitro efficacy of kefir produced from camel, goat, ewe and cow milk on Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2018; 93:440-446. [PMID: 29667561 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges of veterinary parasitology is the search for alternative methods for controlling gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants. Milk kefir is a traditional source of probiotic, with great therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effects of kefir on the abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The study used camel, goat, ewe and cow milk as a starting material, to produce camel, goat, cow and ewe milk kefir. All kefirs showed a significant concentration-dependent effect on H. contortus egg hatching at all tested concentrations. The highest inhibition (100%) of eggs was observed with camel milk kefir at a concentration 0.125 mg/ml. In relation to the effect of kefirs on the survival of adult parasites, all kefirs induced concentration-dependent mortality in adults, with variable results. The complete mortality (100%) of adults of H. contortus occurred at concentrations in the range 0.25-2 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of motility (100%) of worms was observed after 8 h post exposure with camel milk kefir at 0.25 mg/ml. These findings indicate that kefir can be considered a potential tool to control haemonchosis in sheep. Further investigations are needed to assess the active molecules in kefir responsible for its anthelmintic properties and to investigate similar in vivo effects.
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Ranjan R, Pandit RJ, Duggirala SM, Joshi CG, Sharma S, Patil NV. Genome sequencing of Pediococcus acidilactici (NRCC1), a novel isolate from dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) rumen fluid. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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