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Strus P, Sadowski K, Kostro J, Szczepankiewicz AA, Nieznańska H, Niedzielska M, Zlobin A, Nawar Ra’idah P, Molęda Z, Szawkało J, Czarnocki Z, Wójcik C, Szeleszczuk Ł, Młynarczuk-Biały I. Cellular Distribution and Ultrastructural Changes in HaCaT Cells, Induced by Podophyllotoxin and Its Novel Fluorescent Derivative, Supported by the Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5948. [PMID: 38892135 PMCID: PMC11172492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with established antitumor potential. However, due to its systemic toxicity, its use is restricted to topical treatment of anogenital warts. Less toxic PPT derivatives (e.g., etoposide and teniposide) are used intravenously as anticancer agents. PPT has been exploited as a scaffold of new potential therapeutic agents; however, fewer studies have been conducted on the parent molecule than on its derivatives. We have undertaken a study of ultrastructural changes induced by PPT on HaCaT keratinocytes. We have also tracked the intracellular localization of PPT using its fluorescent derivative (PPT-FL). Moreover, we performed molecular docking of both PPT and PPT-FL to compare their affinity to various binding sites of tubulin. Using the Presto blue viability assay, we established working concentrations of PPT in HaCaT cells. Subsequently, we have used selected concentrations to determine PPT effects at the ultrastructural level. Dynamics of PPT distribution by confocal microscopy was performed using PPT-FL. Molecular docking calculations were conducted using Glide. PPT induces a time-dependent cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells. Within 24 h, we observed the elongation of cytoplasmic processes, formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, progressive ER stress, and shortening of the mitochondrial long axis. After 48 h, we noticed disintegration of the cell membrane, progressive vacuolization, apoptotic/necrotic vesicles, and a change in the cell nucleus's appearance. PPT-FL was detected within HaCaT cells after ~10 min of incubation and remained within cells in the following measurements. Molecular docking confirmed the formation of a stable complex between tubulin and both PPT and PPT-FL. However, it was formed at different binding sites. PPT is highly toxic to normal human keratinocytes, even at low concentrations. It promptly enters the cells, probably via endocytosis. At lower concentrations, PPT causes disruptions in both ER and mitochondria, while at higher concentrations, it leads to massive vacuolization with subsequent cell death. The novel derivative of PPT, PPT-FL, forms a stable complex with tubulin, and therefore, it is a useful tracker of intracellular PPT binding and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Strus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Sadowski
- Students Scientific Group HESA, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Julia Kostro
- Students Scientific Group HESA, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | | | - Hanna Nieznańska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Warsaw, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (H.N.)
| | - Magdalena Niedzielska
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrei Zlobin
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Pramukti Nawar Ra’idah
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Zuzanna Molęda
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Joanna Szawkało
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Zbigniew Czarnocki
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Cezary Wójcik
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA;
- Department of Undergraduate Medical Education, OHSU School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
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Yu S, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Meng D, Wang Y, Xu X, Liang N, Shabiti S, Zhang X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Mi P, Zheng X, Li W, Chen H. The mechanisms of multidrug resistance of breast cancer and research progress on related reversal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 95:117486. [PMID: 37847948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of breast cancer. However, many drugs that are commonly used in clinical practice have a high incidence of side effects and multidrug resistance (MDR), which is mainly caused by overexpression of drug transporters and related enzymes in breast cancer cells. In recent years, researchers have been working hard to find newer and safer drugs to overcome MDR in breast cancer. In this review, we provide the molecule mechanism of MDR in breast cancer, categorize potential lead compounds that inhibit single or multiple drug transporter proteins, as well as related enzymes. Additionally, we have summarized the structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on potential breast cancer MDR modulators with lower side effects. The development of novel approaches to suppress MDR is also addressed. These lead compounds hold great promise for exploring effective chemotherapy agents to overcome MDR, providing opportunities for curing breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jinling Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shayibai Shabiti
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Third Zhongyi Shan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 425101, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No.28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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Xu Y, He Z, Chen L, Wang H. A recent antitumor story of podophyllotoxin derivatives targeting tubulin: an update (2017-2022). Drug Discov Today 2023:103640. [PMID: 37236524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
So far, numerous tubulin-targeted podophyllotoxin congeners were designed and synthesized to overcome the poor water-solubility and improve the pharmaceutical characteristics. However, few studies are dedicated to exploring the interaction of tubulin with the downstream signal transduction pathways, which is important for gaining insight into the role of tubulin in the anticancer action of podophyllotoxin-based conjugates. In this review, we described a detailed account of all the advances on tubulin targeting-podophyllotoxin derivatives from 2017 and 2022 with in depth knowledge about their antitumor action and potential molecular signaling pathways directly involved in tubulin depolymerization, aiming to help researchers design and develop better anticancer drugs derived from podophyllotoxin. Moreover, we also discussed the associated challenges and future opportunities in this field. Short teaser Recent reviews summarized podophyllotoxin-based analogues, with interaction between tubulin and signal pathways being rarely involved. This review comprehensively sum up how podophyllotoxin derivatives targeting tubulin exert their antitumor action via potential molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zihan He
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 35 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Huai Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China.
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4
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Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives: Potential anticancer agents of natural origin in cancer chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114145. [PMID: 36586242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant secondary metabolites has gained considerable attention among clinicians in the prevention and treatment of cancer. A secondary metabolite isolated mainly from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (Berberidaceae) is aryltetralin lignan - podophyllotoxin (PTOX). The purpose of this review is to discuss the therapeutic properties of PTOX as an important anticancer compound of natural origin. The relevant information regarding the antitumor mechanisms of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives were collected and analyzed from scientific databases. The results of the analysis showed PTOX exhibits potent cytotoxic activity; however, it cannot be used in its pure form due to its toxicity and generation of many side effects. Therefore, it practically remains clinically unusable. Currently, high effort is focused on attempts to synthesize analogs of PTOX that have better properties for therapeutic use e.g. etoposide (VP-16), teniposide, etopophos. PTOX derivatives are used as anticancer drugs which are showing additional immunosuppressive, antiviral, antioxidant, hypolipemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, attention is paid to the high potential of the usefulness of in vitro cultures of P. peltatum which can be a valuable source of lignans, including PTOX. In conclusion, the preclinical pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo confirm the anticancer and chemotherapeutic potential of PTOX and its derivatives. In the future, clinical studies on human subjects are needed to certify the antitumor effects and the anticancer mechanisms to be certified and analyzed in more detail and to validate the experimental pharmacological preclinical studies.
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Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of bicyclic γ-butrolactones. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Linum lewisii Adventitious and Hairy-Roots Cultures as Lignan Plant Factories. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081526. [PMID: 36009248 PMCID: PMC9404846 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants synthesize specific secondary metabolites for survival, reproduction, environmental resilience, and defense. Among them, lignans are a class of polyphenols with several bioactive properties: chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant. These compounds are often extracted from field-grown plants with very low yields. To overcome these constraints, in vitro tissue cultures provide a tool to optimize large-scale production. Moreover, the use of elicitation to increase secondary metabolite production is gaining importance. The aim of this work was to develop adventitious (ARL) and hairy roots (HRL) from Linum lewisi, a species able to synthesize arylnaphthalene lignans such as justicidin B. The ARL and HRL were obtained for the first time and characterized for their phenol content, antioxidant activity, and the production of justicidin B after treatments with several elicitors and precursor feeding. Through NMR spectroscopy, other four lignans were highlighted and identified in the roots extracts. A pilot-scale bioreactor was adopted to assess the suitability of the developed root cultures for future large-scale production. The ARL and HRL cultures showed a justicidin B production higher than other Linum species cultures described up to now (75.8 mg/L and 82.2 g/L), and the production more than doubled after elicitation with MeJA.
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Mery DE, Compadre AJ, Ordóñez PE, Selvik EJ, Morocho V, Contreras J, Malagón O, Jones DE, Breen PJ, Balick MJ, Gaudio FG, Guzman ML, Compadre CM. Analysis of Plant-Plant Interactions Reveals the Presence of Potent Antileukemic Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:2928. [PMID: 35566279 PMCID: PMC9105371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A method to identify anticancer compounds in plants was proposed based on the hypothesis that these compounds are primarily present in plants to provide them with an ecological advantage over neighboring plants and other competitors. According to this view, identifying plants that contain compounds that inhibit or interfere with the development of other plant species may facilitate the discovery of novel anticancer agents. The method was developed and tested using Magnolia grandiflora, Gynoxys verrucosa, Picradeniopsis oppositifolia, and Hedyosmum racemosum, which are plant species known to possess compounds with cytotoxic activities. Plant extracts were screened for growth inhibitory activity, and then a thin-layer chromatography bioautography assay was conducted. This located the major antileukemic compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 in the extracts. Once the active compounds were located, they were extracted and purified, and their structures were determined. The growth inhibitory activity of the purified compounds showed a significant correlation with their antileukemic activity. The proposed approach is rapid, inexpensive, and can easily be implemented in areas of the world with high biodiversity but with less access to advanced facilities and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Mery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
- SeqRX, LLC., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Amanda J. Compadre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Paola E. Ordóñez
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador;
| | - Edward J. Selvik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (V.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Jorge Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Omar Malagón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (V.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Philip J. Breen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Michael J. Balick
- Institute for Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY 10458, USA;
| | - Flavio G. Gaudio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Monica L. Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Cesar M. Compadre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (D.E.M.); (A.J.C.); (E.J.S.); (D.E.J.); (P.J.B.)
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Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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In Vitro Anti-Tubulin Activity on MCF10A Cell Line and In Silico Rigid/Semiflexible-Residues Docking, of Two Lignans from Bursera Fagaroides var. Fagaroides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206155. [PMID: 34684736 PMCID: PMC8539788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxins are natural lignans with known cytotoxic activity on several cell lines. The structural basis for their actions is mainly by the aryltetralin-lignan skeleton. Authors have proposed a cytotoxic mechanism of podophyllotoxins through the topoisomerase-II inhibition activity; however, several studies have also suggested that podophyllotoxins can inhibit the microtubules polymerization. In this work, the two possible mechanisms of action of two previously isolated compounds from the stem bark of Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides: acetylpodophyllotoxin (1) and 5’-desmethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin (2), was analyzed. An in vitro anti-tubulin epifluorescence on the MCF10A cell line and enzymatic topoisomerase II assays were performed. The binding affinities of compounds 1 and 2 in the colchicine binding site of tubulin by using rigid- and semiflexible-residues were calculated and compared using in silico docking methods. The two lignans were active by the in vitro anti-tubulin assay but could not inhibit TOP2 activity. In the in silico analysis, the binding modes of compounds into both rigid- and semiflexible-residues of tubulin were predicted, and only for the semiflexible docking method, a linear correlation between the dissociation constant and IC50 previously reported was found. Our results suggest that a simple semiflexible-residues modification in docking methods could provide an in vitro correlation when analyzing very structurally similar compounds.
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Liang T, Sun X, Li W, Hou G, Gao F. 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Compounds as Anti-Lung Cancer Agents: Current Developments, Mechanisms of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661173. [PMID: 34177578 PMCID: PMC8226129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and leads to around one-quarter of all cancer deaths. Great advances have been achieved in the treatment of lung cancer with novel anticancer agents and improved technology. However, morbidity and mortality rates remain extremely high, calling for an urgent need to develop novel anti-lung cancer agents. 1,2,3-Triazole could be readily interact with diverse enzymes and receptors in organisms through weak interaction. 1,2,3-Triazole can not only be acted as a linker to tether different pharmacophores but also serve as a pharmacophore. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in 1,2,3-triazole-containing compounds with anti-lung cancer potential, and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) together with mechanisms of action is also discussed to pave the way for the further rational development of novel anti-lung cancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040603. [PMID: 33921719 PMCID: PMC8073934 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.
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Bai G, Zhao D, Ran X, Zhang L, Zhao D. Novel Hybrids of Podophyllotoxin and Coumarin Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Front Chem 2021; 8:626075. [PMID: 33520940 PMCID: PMC7843452 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.626075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of oral tumor. In this study, two novel hybrids of podophyllotoxin and coumarin were designed using molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized. Pharmacological evaluation showed that the potent compound 12b inhibited the proliferation of three human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines with nanomolar IC50 values, as well as displayed less toxicity on normal cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that 12b triggered HSC-2 cell apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration. Moreover, 12b could disturb the microtubule network via binding into the tubulin. It was noteworthy that induction of autophagy by 12b was associated with the upregulation of Beclin1, as well as LC3-II. Furthermore, 12b significantly stimulated the AMPK pathway and restrained the AKT/mTOR pathway in HSC-2 cells. These results indicated that compound 12b was a promising candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Guizhou Distinctive Plant Resources Conservation, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, China
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13
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Ling X, Jiang X, Li Y, Han W, Rodriguez M, Xu Z, Lin W. Sequential Treatment of Bioresponsive Nanoparticles Elicits Antiangiogenesis and Apoptosis and Synergizes with a CD40 Agonist for Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:765-780. [PMID: 33347262 PMCID: PMC8216770 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy regimens with cancer immunotherapy has the potential to synergistically boost antitumor immunity. Herein, we report the construction of two bioresponsive nanoparticles, namely, Podo-NP and CbP-NP, comprising prodrugs of podophyllotoxin (Podo) and carboplatin, respectively. Sequential treatment with esterase-responsive Podo-NP, redox-sensitive CbP-NP, and a CD40 agonist promotes antitumor T cell response. Podo-NP suppresses angiogenesis by preventing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, sprouting of neovessels, formation of tubules, and stabilization of newly formed vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor blockade and endostatin stimulation normalize tortuous tumor vasculatures to allow efficient infiltration of effector immune cells. Subsequent treatment with CbP-NP arrests the cell-division cycle and elicits the apoptosis of tumor cells. CD40 agonist activates antigen-presenting cells to process the released tumor-associated antigens from dying tumor cells, thus reversing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Sequential delivery of antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic agents with bioresponsive NPs activates tumor microenvironments and synergizes with CD40 agonist to regress transplanted tumors and inhibit disseminated tumors in a lung cancer mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Megan Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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14
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Hu LL, Liao BY, Wei JX, Ling YL, Wei YX, Liu ZL, Luo XQ, Wang JL. Podophyllotoxin Exposure Causes Spindle Defects and DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Fertilized Oocytes and Early Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600521. [PMID: 33330491 PMCID: PMC7710938 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a kind of lignans extracted from the roots and stems of the genus Podophyllum from the tiller family, and it has been widely used in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum, multiple superficial epithelioma in the clinics. However, PPT has been reported to be toxic and can cause liver defects and other organ poisoning. In addition, emerging evidences also indicate that PPT has reproductive toxicity and causes female reproduction disorders. In this study, we used fertilized oocytes and tried to explore the effects of PPT on the early embryonic development with the mouse model. The results showed that exposure to PPT had negative effects on the cleavage of zygotes. Further analysis indicated that PPT could disrupt the organization of spindle and chromosome arrangement at the metaphase of first cleavage. We also found that PPT exposure to the zygotes induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, in the PPT-exposed embryos, there was positive γH2A.X and Annexin-V signals, indicating that PPT induced embryonic DNA damage and early apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggested that PPT could affect spindle formation and chromosome alignment during the first cleavage of mouse embryos, and its exposure induced DNA damage-mediated oxidative stress which eventually led to embryonic apoptosis, indicating the toxic effects of PPT on the early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Bi-Yun Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jing-Xi Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan-Lan Ling
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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15
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Sharma A, Talimarada D, Yadav UP, Singh N, Reddy AS, Bag D, Biswas K, Baidya A, Borale AN, Shinde D, Singh S, Holla H. Design and Synthesis of New Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Inspired from Combretastatin A‐4: An Anticancer Agent. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | | | - Umesh Prasad Yadav
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Centre for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 India
| | - A. Sudharshan Reddy
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | - Debojyoti Bag
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | - Krishna Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | - Amit Baidya
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | - Asha N Borale
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
| | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Harish Holla
- Department of Chemistry Central University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 India
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16
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Liposome-based drug delivery of various anticancer agents of synthetic and natural product origin: a patent overview. Pharm Pat Anal 2020; 9:87-116. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid-based liposomal vesicles are among the most effective delivery options currently available for various classes of anticancer drugs. The patents granted to inventions disclosing details on liposomal delivery module by the US Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office, and world patent holdings through WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) patenting have been sorted based upon liposome, and anticancer keywords within the abstract and claims sections of the patents for the period between 2000 and 2019, thereby disclosing novel liposome formulations encapsulating single, or combination of chemotherapeutic agents that have been far more chemically and physiologically stable, therapeutically efficacious, and comparatively less toxic than their nonliposomal free-drug counterparts. The added stability, site-specific transport, and payload delivery, enhanced bioavailability, fast body clearance, and biocompatibility together with the controlled and sustained delivery-related benefits claimed in the patent literature have been exclusively discussed with a focus on the last 5-year period.
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17
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Li F, Yang W, Kong L, Hong H, Liao X, Zhao Y, Gao C, Yang B. Host-guest inclusion systems of podophyllotoxin with β-cyclodextrin derivatives for low cytotoxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Huang T, Fu Y, Wang T, Zhao T, Guo S, Sun Y, Yang Y, Li C. Antitumor activity of a novel dual functional podophyllotoxin derivative involved PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215886. [PMID: 31557166 PMCID: PMC6763125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer through local expansion and metastasis is well recognized, but preventing these characteristic cancer processes is challenging. To this end, a new strategy is required. In this study, we presented a novel dual functional podophyllotoxin derivative, 2-pyridinealdehyde hydrazone dithiocarbamate S-propionate podophyllotoxin ester (PtoxPdp), which inhibited both matrix metalloproteinases and Topoisomerase II. This new podophyllotoxin derivative exhibited significant anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic that correlated with the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase. In a xenograft animal local expansion model, PtoxPdp was superior to etoposide in tumor repression. A preliminary mechanistic study revealed that PtoxPdp induced apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, PtoxPdp could also inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which was achieved by downregulating both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB/Snail pathways. Taken together, our results reveal that PtoxPdp is a promising antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (YL)
| | - Tengfei Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yun Fu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Sun
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medicine, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (CL); (YL)
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19
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Zi CT, Yang L, Zhang BL, Li Y, Ding ZT, Jiang ZH, Hu JM, Zhou J. Synthesis and Cytotoxicities of Novel Podophyllotoxin Xyloside Derivatives. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19860668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel podophyllotoxin xyloside derivatives 8 to 11 were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against a panel of 5 human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays. These derivatives showed good to moderate activities, with compound 9 having an IC50 value of 4.42 μM against the A-549 cell line. Overall, compound 9 might be a promising candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bang-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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20
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Wei J, Chen J, Ju P, Ma L, Chen L, Ma W, Zheng T, Yang G, Wang YX. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4β-N-Acetylamino Substituted Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Novel Anticancer Agents. Front Chem 2019; 7:253. [PMID: 31106192 PMCID: PMC6491884 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives obtained by 4β-N-acetylamino substitution at C-4 position was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines (EC-9706, HeLA, T-24 and H460) and a normal human epidermal cell line (HaCaT). The cytotoxicity test indicated that most of the derivatives displayed potent anticancer activities. In particular, compound 12h showed high activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 22.8 μM, with much better cytotoxic activity than the control drug etoposide (IC50: 8.4 to 78.2 μM). Compound 12j exhibited a promising cytotoxicity and selectivity profile against T24 and HaCaT cell lines with IC50 values of 2.7 and 49.1 μM, respectively. Compound 12g displayed potent cytotoxicity against HeLA and T24 cells with low activity against HaCaT cells. According to the results of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, 12g induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase accompanied by apoptosis in T24 and HeLA cells. Furthermore, the docking studies showed possible interactions between human DNA topoisomerase IIα and 12g. These results suggest that 12g merits further optimization and development as a new podophyllotoxin-derived lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Wei
- King's Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Wudang Herbal Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ma
- King's Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Wudang Herbal Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Wudang Herbal Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Wudang Herbal Medicine Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Guangyi Yang
- Baoan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Yang C, Xie Q, Zeng X, Tao N, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang L. Novel hybrids of podophyllotoxin and formononetin inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:445-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Li F, Liu D, Liao X, Zhao Y, Li R, Yang B. Acid-controlled release complexes of podophyllotoxin and etoposide with acyclic cucurbit[n]urils for low cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:525-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Chang WC, Yang ZJ, Tu YH, Chien TC. Reaction Mechanism of a Nonheme Iron Enzyme Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization via C-C Bond Formation. Org Lett 2018; 21:228-232. [PMID: 30550285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A complementary study including design of mechanistic probes, biochemical assays, model analysis, and liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry was conducted to establish the reaction mechanism for a nonheme iron enzyme catalyzed (-)-podophyllotoxin formation. Our results indicate that the originally proposed hydroxylated intermediate is unlikely to be involved in this reaction. Instead, the formation of benzylic radical/carbocation intermediate can be utilized to trigger the C-C bond formation to construct the C-ring of (-)-podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hua Tu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
| | - Tun-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan
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25
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Hou W, Zhang G, Luo Z, Su L, Xu H. Click chemistry‐based synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 4α‐triazole acetate podophyllotoxin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:473-483. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Shanghai Evergene Biotech Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceInstitute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB)Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
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26
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of indole carboxylic acid esters of podophyllotoxin as antiproliferative agents. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Zefirov NA, Kruth A, Wobith B, Nurieva EV, Riyaz S, Reddy CVR, Kuznetsov SA, Zefirova ON. Novel bridged and caged C4-podophyllotoxin derivatives as microtubule disruptors: synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and structure–activity relationship. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Synthesis, antitumor evaluation and molecular docking study of a novel podophyllotoxin-lonidamine hybrid. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Zaki I, Abdelhameid MK, El-Deen IM, Abdel Wahab AHA, Ashmawy AM, Mohamed KO. Design, synthesis and screening of 1, 2, 4-triazinone derivatives as potential antitumor agents with apoptosis inducing activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:563-579. [PMID: 30025350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Some triazinone derivatives are designed and synthesized as potential antitumor agents. Triazinone derivatives 4c, 5e and 7c show potent anticancer activity over MCF-7 breast cancer cells higher than podophyllotoxin (podo) by approximate 6-fold. DNA flow cytometry analysis for the compounds 3c, 4c, 5e, 6c and 7c show a potent inhibitory activity of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Compounds 4c, 5e and 7c exhibit low to moderate β-tubulin polymerization inhibition percentage. Meanwhile, compound 6c displayed excellent β-tubulin percentage of polymerization inhibition equivalent to that exhibited by podo. In addition, compounds 4c, 5e and 7c show strong topoisomerase (topo) II inhibitory activity in nano-molar concentration, compared to known topo inhibitor as etoposide. Finally, apoptotic inducing activity over MCF-7 of compounds 4c, 5e, 6c and 7c is due to up-regulation of p53, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase3/7 levels 2-fold higher than podo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Zaki
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mohammed K Abdelhameid
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Deen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer M Ashmawy
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhou SW, Jiang F, Yu Y, Huang XY, Wang YH, Luo SL. Atropisomerism of a Podophyllotoxin Derivative: Experimental and Computational Study. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphyllin-7′- O-β-D-glucoside, a podophyllotoxin derivative, was isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra acquired at 300 K exhibited doubling of signals, suggesting the existence of two rotamers in solution. Variable-temperature 1H NMR experiments indicated a dynamic exchange process between the two rotamers. DFT calculations verified nearly equal energies for the two rotamers about the single bond C7′-O7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiu-Yong Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shi-Lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
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FERREIRA LEONARDOG, OLIVA GLAUCIUS, ANDRICOPULO ADRIANOD. From Medicinal Chemistry to Human Health: Current Approaches to Drug Discovery for Cancer and Neglected Tropical Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:645-661. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhang L, Rong Y, Zheng J, Yang C, Chen Y, Wang J, Wei G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel nitric oxide-donating podophyllotoxin derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents against multi-drug resistant leukemia cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34266-34274. [PMID: 35548612 PMCID: PMC9087117 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance remains a major obstacle for the effective treatment of carcinoma. To find new drugs for the chemotherapy of drug-resistant leukemia, in this study, two novel nitric oxide-donating podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated in vitro. Biological evaluation indicated that the more active molecule, S1, enhanced the intracellular NO level and significantly inhibited the proliferation of drug-resistant K562/VCR and K562/ADR cells with IC50 values of 0.008 ± 0.001 and 0.007 ± 0.001 μM, respectively, which were similar to that of sensitive K562 cells. Furthermore, it was observed that S1 blocked the G2 phase of the K562/ADR cell cycle by disruption of the microtubule organization and inhibition of CDK1 and CDK2 expression. Meanwhile, S1 induced apoptosis of K562/ADR cells via mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspase-3. In addition, S1 suppressed the P-gp expression, induced autophagy by regulation of Beclin1 and LC3-II, and inhibited the mTOR and STAT3 signaling in K562/ADR cells. Overall, S1 may be a promising candidate against drug-resistant leukemia. Conjugate S1 exhibited potential antiproliferative activity against multi-drug resistant leukemia cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
| | - Ying Rong
- Second Department of Pediatrics
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- PR China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
| | - Jing Wang
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
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Gendarme M, Baumann J, Ignashkova TI, Lindemann RK, Reiling JH. Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3756-3772. [PMID: 29074567 PMCID: PMC5739293 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a phenotypic screen was performed for compounds that alter normal Golgi structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA-damaging agents were identified as novel Golgi disruptors. Further analysis identified HDAC1/HDAC9 as well as BRD8 and DNA-PK as important regulators of Golgi breakdown mediated by HDAC inhibition. We provide evidence that combinatorial HDACi/(+)-JQ1 treatment spurs synergistic Golgi dispersal in several cancer cell lines, pinpointing a possible link between drug-induced toxicity and Golgi morphology alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Baumann
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph K Lindemann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck Biopharma, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan H Reiling
- BioMed X Innovation Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lan J, Huang L, Lou H, Chen C, Liu T, Hu S, Yao Y, Song J, Luo J, Liu Y, Xia B, Xia L, Zeng X, Ben-David Y, Pan W. Design and synthesis of novel C 14-urea-tetrandrine derivatives with potent anti-cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1968-1980. [PMID: 29133049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine is a dibenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania tetrandra, with anti-tumor activity. Our previous study identified several derivatives of tetrandrine showing better activities than parental compound against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To increase diversity and cytotoxic activities of the original compound, a series of novel 14-urea-tetrandrine derivatives were synthesized through structural modification of tetrandrine. These derivaties demonstrated a moderate to strong anti-proliferative activities against human cell lines HEL and K562 (Leukemia), prostate (PC3), breast (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma (WM9). Compound 4g showed strongest cytotoxic effect against PC3 cells with IC50 value of 0.64 μM, which was 12-fold, 31-fold and 26-fold lower than the parental tetrandrine, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that urea subsititution was the key pharmacophore for the enhancement of their antitumor activities. Induction of apoprosis by 4g was associated with the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and inhibition of antiapoptosis proteins survivin as well as Bcl-2. Moreover, activation of caspases led to increase cleavage of PARP, which further accelerates apoptotic cell death. These results reveal that the compound 4g may be used as a potential anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Huayong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Tangjingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Shengcao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Road, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Junrong Song
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Guizhou University, Huaxi Avenue South, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 50 East Road, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Xueyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Yaacov Ben-David
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
| | - Weidong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
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35
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Sun WX, Ji YJ, Wan Y, Han HW, Lin HY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and synthesis of piperazine acetate podophyllotoxin ester derivatives targeting tubulin depolymerization as new anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4066-4074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Wang Y, Sun H, Xiao Z, Zhang D, Bao X, Wei N. XWL-1-48 exerts antitumor activity via targeting topoisomerase II and enhancing degradation of Mdm2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9989. [PMID: 28855652 PMCID: PMC5577045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel podophyllotoxin derivative, XWL-1-48, was synthesized as an oral topoisomerase II inhibitor. kDNA decatenation assay indicated that XWL-1-48 significantly inhibited topoisomerase II activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of XWL-1-48 is more potent than its congener GL331 and the IC50 values are from 0.34 ± 0.21 to 3.54 ± 0.54 µM in 10 cancer cell lines including KBV200 cells with P-gp overexpression. Noticeably, XWL-1-48 exerted potent antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. Further studies demonstrated that treatment of XWL-1-48 induced γ-H2AX and p-ATM expression, and further triggered DNA damage response through activation of ATM-p53-p21 and ATM-Chk2-Cdc25A pathways. Targeted inhibition of ATM by siRNA attenuated the ability of XWL-1-48 on inducing DNA damage. XWL-1-48 significantly suppressed Cyclin A and p-Cdk2 (Thr160) expression, increased p-Cdk2 (Thr14), led to inactivation of Cyclin A/Cdk2 complex, arrested cell cycle at S phase. Finally, XWL-1-48 elevated the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and induced Fas and FasL, initiated mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway. Meanwhile, XWL-1-48 evidently enhanced degradation of Mdm2, blocked PI3K/Akt/Mdm2 pathway and suppressed HCC cell survival. Thus, XWL-1-48 may be a promising orally topoisomerase II inhibitor for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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37
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Xu XH, Guan XW, Feng SL, Ma YZ, Chen SW, Hui L. One-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of N -(aminosulfonyl)-4-podophyllotoxin carbamates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2890-2894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez F, Puebla-Pérez AM, González-Pozos S, Hernández-Hernández JM, Pérez-Rangel A, Alvarez LP, Tapia-Pastrana G, Castillo-Romero A. Antigiardial Activity of Podophyllotoxin-Type Lignans from Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides. Molecules 2017; 22:E799. [PMID: 28505094 PMCID: PMC6154107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis, a diarrheal disease, is highly prevalent in developing countries. Several drugs are available for the treatment of this parasitosis; unfortunately, all of them have variable efficacies and adverse effects. Bursera fagaroides has been known for its anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties in Mexican traditional medicine. We investigated the in vitro anti-giardial activities of four podophyllotoxin-type lignans from Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides, namely, 5'-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (5-DES), acetylpodophyllotoxin (APOD), burseranin (BUR), and podophyllotoxin (POD). All lignans affected the Giardia adhesion and electron microscopy images revealed morphological alterations in the caudal region, ventral disk, membrane, and flagella, to different extents. Only 5-DES, APOD, and POD caused growth inhibition. Using the Caco-2 human cell line as a model of the intestinal epithelium, we demonstrated that APOD displayed direct antigiardial killing activity and low toxicity on Caco-2 cells. This finding makes it an attractive potential starting point for new antigiardial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María Puebla-Pérez
- Departamento de Química y Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica LaNSE, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Armando Pérez-Rangel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Laura Patricia Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 71256, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Castillo-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Zhang L, Liu L, Zheng C, Wang Y, Nie X, Shi D, Chen Y, Wei G, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin-NSAIDs conjugates as multifunctional anti-MDR agents against resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402/5-FU cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel All-Trans-Retinoic Acid-Podophyllotoxin Conjugate towards Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040628. [PMID: 28420180 PMCID: PMC6154554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the purpose of creating a multifunctional drug for gastric cancer treatment, a novel all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) conjugate with podophyllotoxin (PPT) was designed and synthesized, and its in vitro antiproliferative activity was evaluated against human gastric cancer cell lines using CCK-8 assay. The conjugate, P-A, exhibited significant anticancer activity against MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells with IC50 values of 0.419 ± 0.032 and 0.202 ± 0.055 μM, respectively. Moreover, P-A efficiently triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells due to modulation of cell cycle arrest- (CDK1, CDK2, CyclinA and CyclinB1) and apoptosis- (cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9) related proteins, respectively. Further mechanism studies revealed that P-A could increase the expression levels of RARα and RARβ, and decrease the level of RARγ in MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells. Finally, P-A inhibited the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in the above two cancer cell lines. More importantly, the underlying mechanisms of P-A were similar to those of precursor PPT but different with the other precursor ATRA. Together, the conjugate P-A was a promising candidate for the potential treatment of human gastric cancer.
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41
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Zhang L, Wang J, Liu L, Zheng C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei G. Podophyllotoxin–pterostilbene fused conjugates as potential multifunctional antineoplastic agents against human uveal melanoma cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugate B1 showed potential multifunctional antineoplastic activity against human uveal melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Lai Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyue Zheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Lindfield
- Australia
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42
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Vasundhara M, Kumar A, Reddy MS. Molecular Approaches to Screen Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Fungi. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1774. [PMID: 27895623 PMCID: PMC5108243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are capable of producing plant associated metabolites and their analogs with therapeutic value. In order to identify the potential endophytic isolates producing bioactive compounds, one need to screen all isolated endophytes, which may run into hundreds. Isolation of endophytic fungi is relatively a simple process; but screening of the isolated fungi for required metabolite production is a cumbersome process. Endophytic fungi producing plant associated metabolites may contain genes involved in the entire biosynthetic pathway(s). Therefore, ascertaining the presence of key enzymes of a particular biosynthetic pathway could serve as a molecular marker for screening of these endophytes to produce that metabolite. In absence of entire biosynthetic pathways in endophytic fungi, plant genes associated with that metabolic pathway could serve as markers. This review focuses on the impact of molecular approaches to screen the endophytic fungi for the production of bioactive compounds. An attempt has been made on screening of anticancer compounds like taxol (paclitaxel), podophyllotoxin, and camptothecin using molecular markers. The advantages of molecular approaches over conventional methods to screen endophytic fungi and also identification of endophytic fungi are discussed.
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Aromatic heterocyclic esters of podophyllotoxin exert anti-MDR activity in human leukemia K562/ADR cells via ROS/MAPK signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:226-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kumari A, Singh D, Kumar S. Biotechnological interventions for harnessing podophyllotoxin from plant and fungal species: current status, challenges, and opportunities for its commercialization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:739-753. [PMID: 27644897 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1228597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignan synthesized in several plant species, which is used in chemotherapies for cancers and tumor treatment. More potent semisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin such as etoposide and teniposide are being developed and evaluated for their efficacy. To meet the ever increasing pharmaceutical needs, species having podophyllotoxin are uprooted extensively leading to the endangered status of selective species mainly Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. This has necessitated bioprospection of podophyllotoxin from different plant species to escalate the strain on this endangered species. The conventional and non-conventional mode of propagation and bioprospection with the integration of biotechnological interventions could contribute to sustainable supply of podophyllotoxin from the available plant resources. This review article is focused on the understanding of different means of propagation, development of genomic information, and its implications for elucidating podophyllotoxin biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of pathways. In addition, various strategies for sustainable production of this valuable metabolite are also discussed, besides a critical evaluation of future challenges and opportunities for the commercialization of podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Dharam Singh
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
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Zhang L, Chen F, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wang J. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the multidrug resistance-reversing activity of pyridine acid esters of podophyllotoxin in human leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4466-4471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Chen F, Lin Y, Zhu X. Potential anti-MDR agents based on the podophyllotoxin scaffold: synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation against chronic myeloid leukemia cells by activating MAPK signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound 9k exhibited excellent cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, downregulated Pgp expression and up-regulated the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38 in K562/ADR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Zeguo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Ya Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Xinling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
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Walia S, Sharma S, Markand Kulurkar P, Patial V, Acharya A. A bimodal molecular imaging probe based on chitosan encapsulated magneto-fluorescent nanocomposite offers biocompatibility, visualization of specific cancer cells in vitro and lung tissues in vivo. Int J Pharm 2015; 498:110-8. [PMID: 26680315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional hybrid nanocomposite material, consists of chitosan encapsulated iron oxide (as MRI contrasting agent), CdS (as fluorescent probe) nanoparticles and podophyllotoxin (as anticancer drug) was synthesized and characterized. The TEM studies suggested the size of the NPs to be in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanocomposites were treated with different cancer cell lines viz., KB, C6 and A549 cells. Fluorescence imaging and Perl's Prussian blue staining confirmed the presence of these nanocomposites inside both KB and C6 cells but not in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity experiments revealed that these biopolymer coated nanocomposites showed minimal toxicity towards cancerous cells. Further the intraperitoneal administration of one of the nanoformulations to Wistar rats suggested deposition of these nanocomposites in the lungs. The hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis confirmed that these nanocomposites are safe to use as a novel dual mode imaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanka Walia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Markand Kulurkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food Nutraceutical and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Lau W, Sattely ES. Six enzymes from mayapple that complete the biosynthetic pathway to the etoposide aglycone. Science 2015; 349:1224-1228. [PMID: 26359402 DOI: 10.1126/science.acc7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is the natural product precursor of the chemotherapeutic etoposide, yet only part of its biosynthetic pathway is known. We used transcriptome mining in Podophyllum hexandrum (mayapple) to identify biosynthetic genes in the podophyllotoxin pathway. We selected 29 candidate genes to combinatorially express in Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) and identified six pathway enzymes, including an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that closes the core cyclohexane ring of the aryltetralin scaffold. By coexpressing 10 genes in tobacco-these 6 plus 4 previously discovered-we reconstitute the pathway to (-)-4'-desmethylepipodophyllotoxin (the etoposide aglycone), a naturally occurring lignan that is the immediate precursor of etoposide and, unlike podophyllotoxin, a potent topoisomerase inhibitor. Our results enable production of the etoposide aglycone in tobacco and circumvent the need for cultivation of mayapple and semisynthetic epimerization and demethylation of podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Lau W, Sattely ES. Six enzymes from mayapple that complete the biosynthetic pathway to the etoposide aglycone. Science 2015; 349:1224-8. [PMID: 26359402 PMCID: PMC6861171 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is the natural product precursor of the chemotherapeutic etoposide, yet only part of its biosynthetic pathway is known. We used transcriptome mining in Podophyllum hexandrum (mayapple) to identify biosynthetic genes in the podophyllotoxin pathway. We selected 29 candidate genes to combinatorially express in Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) and identified six pathway enzymes, including an oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that closes the core cyclohexane ring of the aryltetralin scaffold. By coexpressing 10 genes in tobacco-these 6 plus 4 previously discovered-we reconstitute the pathway to (-)-4'-desmethylepipodophyllotoxin (the etoposide aglycone), a naturally occurring lignan that is the immediate precursor of etoposide and, unlike podophyllotoxin, a potent topoisomerase inhibitor. Our results enable production of the etoposide aglycone in tobacco and circumvent the need for cultivation of mayapple and semisynthetic epimerization and demethylation of podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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