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Zhao Y, Zhao X, Duan L, Hou R, Gu Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Wu F, Yang L, Le XC, Wang Q, Yan X. Reinvent Aliphatic Arsenicals as Reversible Covalent Warheads toward Targeted Kinase Inhibition and Non-acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5458-5472. [PMID: 38556750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The success of arsenic in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment is hardly transferred to non-APL cancers, mainly due to the low selectivity and weak binding affinity of traditional arsenicals to oncoproteins critical for cancer survival. We present herein the reinvention of aliphatic trivalent arsenicals (As) as reversible covalent warheads of As-based targeting inhibitors toward Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). The effects of As warheads' valency, thiol protection, methylation, spacer length, and size on inhibitors' activity were studied. We found that, in contrast to the bulky and rigid aromatic As warhead, the flexible aliphatic As warheads were well compatible with the well-optimized guiding group to achieve nanomolar inhibition against BTK. The optimized As inhibitors effectively blocked the BTK-mediated oncogenic signaling pathway, leading to elevated antiproliferative activities toward lymphoma cells and xenograft tumor. Our study provides a promising strategy enabling rational design of new aliphatic arsenic-based reversible covalent inhibitors toward non-APL cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lewei Duan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics at Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruxue Hou
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuxin Gu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics at Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Guo YY, Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Gao H. Synthesis and application of small molecules approved for the treatment of lymphoma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115835. [PMID: 37801827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a form of cancer that impacts the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in defending the body against infections and illnesses. It is characterized by the atypical proliferation of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which can form tumors in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, etc. Lymphoma is usually treated using a combination of targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of new drugs to treat lymphoma, which has led to the discovery of several promising compounds. The primary targets for lymphoma treatment have been identified as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and DNA polymerase (POLA). This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications and synthesis of several notable drugs approved to treat lymphoma, to expedite the exploration of more potent novel medications for the management of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Kim WS, Fukuhara N, Yoon DH, Yamamoto K, Uchida T, Negoro E, Izutsu K, Terui Y, Nakajima H, Ando K, Suehiro Y, Kang HJ, Ko PS, Nagahama F, Sonehara Y, Nagai H, Tien HF, Kwong YL, Tobinai K. Darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results of an Asian phase 2 study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4903-4912. [PMID: 36661315 PMCID: PMC10463191 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Darinaparsin is a novel organic arsenical compound of dimethylated arsenic conjugated to glutathione, with antitumor activity and a mechanism of action markedly different from other available agents. This phase 2, nonrandomized, single-arm, open-label study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous darinaparsin (300 mg/m2 over 1 hour, once daily for 5 consecutive days, per 21-day cycle) and its pharmacokinetics at multiple doses in 65 Asian patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR). The ORR based on central assessment was 19.3% (90% confidence interval, 11.2-29.9), which was significantly higher than the predefined threshold of 10% (P = .024). The ORR was 16.2% in patients with PTCL-not otherwise specified and 29.4% in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Tumor size decreased in 62.3% of patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were observed in 98.5% of patients. Grade ≥3 TEAEs with an incidence rate of ≥5% included anemia (15.4%), thrombocytopenia (13.8%), neutropenia (12.3%), leukopenia (9.2%), lymphopenia (9.2%), and hypertension (6.2%). Darinaparsin is effective and well tolerated, with TEAEs that were clinically acceptable and manageable with symptomatic treatment and dose reductions. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02653976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seog Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dok-Hyun Yoon
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Toshiki Uchida
- Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Koji Izutsu
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Terui
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Youko Suehiro
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Po-Shen Ko
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Nagai
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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Jing J, Wu Z, Wang J, Luo G, Lin H, Fan Y, Zhou C. Hedgehog signaling in tissue homeostasis, cancers, and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:315. [PMID: 37596267 PMCID: PMC10439210 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in various biological events. HH signaling pathway exerts its biological effects through a complex signaling cascade involved with primary cilium. HH signaling pathway has important functions in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It plays a central role in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells. Importantly, it has become increasingly clear that HH signaling pathway is associated with increased cancer prevalence, malignant progression, poor prognosis and even increased mortality. Understanding the integrative nature of HH signaling pathway has opened up the potential for new therapeutic targets for cancer. A variety of drugs have been developed, including small molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), some of which are approved for clinical use. This review outlines recent discoveries of HH signaling in tissue homeostasis and cancer and discusses how these advances are paving the way for the development of new biologically based therapies for cancer. Furthermore, we address status quo and limitations of targeted therapies of HH signaling pathway. Insights from this review will help readers understand the function of HH signaling in homeostasis and cancer, as well as opportunities and challenges of therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hengyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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5
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Paul NP, Galván AE, Yoshinaga-Sakurai K, Rosen BP, Yoshinaga M. Arsenic in medicine: past, present and future. Biometals 2023; 36:283-301. [PMID: 35190937 PMCID: PMC8860286 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenicals are one of the oldest treatments for a variety of human disorders. Although infamous for its toxicity, arsenic is paradoxically a therapeutic agent that has been used since ancient times for the treatment of multiple diseases. The use of most arsenic-based drugs was abandoned with the discovery of antibiotics in the 1940s, but a few remained in use such as those for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. In the 1970s, arsenic trioxide, the active ingredient in a traditional Chinese medicine, was shown to produce dramatic remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia similar to the effect of all-trans retinoic acid. Since then, there has been a renewed interest in the clinical use of arsenicals. Here the ancient and modern medicinal uses of inorganic and organic arsenicals are reviewed. Included are antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic and anticancer applications. In the face of increasing antibiotic resistance and the emergence of deadly pathogens such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, we propose revisiting arsenicals with proven efficacy to combat emerging pathogens. Current advances in science and technology can be employed to design newer arsenical drugs with high therapeutic index. These novel arsenicals can be used in combination with existing drugs or serve as valuable alternatives in the fight against cancer and emerging pathogens. The discovery of the pentavalent arsenic-containing antibiotic arsinothricin, which is effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens, illustrates the future potential of this new class of organoarsenical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi P Paul
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Adriana E Galván
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kunie Yoshinaga-Sakurai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Virk RK, Garla R, Kaushal N, Bansal MP, Garg ML, Mohanty BP. The relevance of arsenic speciation analysis in health & medicine. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137735. [PMID: 36603678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to arsenic through consumption of contaminated groundwater has been a global issue since the last five decades; while from an alternate standpoint, arsenic compounds have emerged as unparallel chemotherapeutic drugs. This review highlights the contribution from arsenic speciation studies that have played a pivotal role in the progression of our understanding of the biological behaviour of arsenic in humans. We also discuss the limitations of the speciation studies and their association with the interpretation of arsenic metabolism. Chromatographic separation followed by spectroscopic detection as well as the utilization of biotinylated pull-down assays, protein microarray and radiolabelled arsenic have been instrumental in identifying hundreds of metabolic arsenic conjugates, while, computational modelling has predicted thousands of them. However, these species exhibit a variegated pattern, which supports more than one hypothesis for the metabolic pathway of arsenic. Thus, the arsenic species are yet to be integrated into a coherent mechanistic pathway depicting its chemicobiological fate. Novel biorelevant arsenic species have been identified due to significant evolution in experimental methodologies. However, these methods are specific for the identification of only a group of arsenicals sharing similar physiochemical properties; and may not be applicable to other constituents of the vast spectrum of arsenic species. Consequently, the identity of arsenic binding partners in vivo and the sequence of events in arsenic metabolism are still elusive. This resonates the need for additional focus on the extraction and characterization of both low and high molecular weight arsenicals in a combinative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajbinder K Virk
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Roobee Garla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohinder P Bansal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohan L Garg
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Biraja P Mohanty
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Yuan B, Kikuchi H, Li J, Kawabata A, Yao K, Takagi N, Okazaki M. Cytotoxic Effects of Darinaparsin, a Novel Organic Arsenical, against Human Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032282. [PMID: 36768603 PMCID: PMC9916914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the molecular mechanisms of action underlying the antileukemia activities of darinaparsin, an organic arsenical approved for the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in Japan, cytotoxicity of darinaparsin was evaluated in leukemia cell lines NB4, U-937, MOLT-4 and HL-60. Darinaparsin was a more potent cytotoxic than sodium arsenite, and induced apoptosis/necrosis in NB4 and HL-60 cells. In NB4 cells exhibiting the highest susceptibility to darinaparsin, apoptosis induction was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8/-9/-3, a substantial decrease in Bid expression, and was suppressed by Boc-D-FMK, a pancaspase inhibitor, suggesting that darinaparsin triggered a convergence of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis via Bid truncation. A dramatic increase in the expression level of γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, occurred in parallel with G2/M arrest. Activation of p53 and the inhibition of cdc25C/cyclin B1/cdc2 were concomitantly observed in treated cells. Downregulation of c-Myc, along with inactivation of E2F1 associated with the activation of Rb, was observed, suggesting the critical roles of p53 and c-Myc in darinaparsin-mediated G2/M arrest. Trolox, an antioxidative reagent, suppressed the apoptosis induction but failed to correct G2/M arrest, suggesting that oxidative stress primarily contributed to apoptosis induction. Suppression of Notch1 signaling was also confirmed. Our findings provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of darinaparsin and strong rationale for its new clinical application for patients with different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-49-271-8026
| | - Hidetomo Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Jingmei Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kozo Yao
- Product Development Division, Solasia Pharma K.K., Tokyo 105-0011, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mari Okazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Japan
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Negoro E, Yamauchi T, Fukuhara N, Yamamoto K, Uchida T, Izutsu K, Maruyama D, Terui Y, Nakajima H, Ando K, Suehiro Y, Choi I, Kanemura N, Nakamura N, Yamamoto G, Maeda Y, Shibayama H, Nagahama F, Sonehara Y, Nagai H, Tien HF, Kwong YL, Kim WS, Tobinai K. Japanese subgroup analysis in the Asian phase II study of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:108-120. [PMID: 37380467 PMCID: PMC10410617 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A Japanese subgroup analysis from the Asian phase II study of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of the Japanese population. In this Asian phase II study, darinaparsin was administered to 65 patients, including 37 Japanese patients. In the Japanese population, the histopathological type of PTCL was PTCL, not otherwise specified in 26 patients (70.3%), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in 9 patients (24.3%) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) -negative in 2 patients (5.4%), and the median patient age was 70.0 (range: 43-85). 94.6% and 35.1% of the Japanese population had previously received multi-agent and single-agent regimen, respectively. The efficacy and safety were summarized and compared between the overall and Japanese populations. Based on central assessment, the overall response rate was 22.2% (8/36; 90% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6-36.5) in the Japanese population and 19.3% (11/57; 90% CI: 11.2-29.9) in the overall population. There were no essential differences in the safety profile of darinaparsin between the Japanese population and the overall population. The results of this subgroup analysis indicate that the efficacy and safety profiles of the Japanese subpopulation were broadly consistent with that of the overall population, and that darinaparsin is potentially an effective treatment with a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with relapse or refractory PTCL.
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Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid induces apoptosis in OC3 oral cavity cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:26. [PMID: 36524366 PMCID: PMC9813566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arsenic is an environmental toxicant, arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with anticancer effects. Studies have demonstrated oral cancer is in the top 10 cancers in Taiwan. High rate of oral cancers is linked to various behaviors, such as excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Similarly, betel chewing is a strong risk factor in oral cancer. In the present study, oral squamous carcinoma OC3 cells were investigated with the treatments of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), respectively, to examine if arsenic compounds have anti‑cancer efforts. It was found that 1 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h induced rounded contours with membrane blebbing phenomena in OC3 cells, revealing cell apoptotic characteristics. In addition, NaAsO2 (10‑100 µM) and DMA (1‑100 mM) significantly decreased OC3 cell survival. In cell cycle regulation detected by flow cytometry, NaAsO2 and DMA significantly augmented percentage of subG1 and G2/M phases in OC3 cells, respectively. Annexin V/PI double staining assay was further used to confirm NaAsO2 and DMA did induce OC3 cell apoptosis. In mechanism investigation, western blotting assay was applied and the results showed that NaAsO2 and DMA significantly induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 and then the cleavages of caspase‑8, ‑9, ‑3 and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase (PARP) in OC3 cells, dynamically. In conclusion, NaAsO2 and DMA activated MAPK pathways and then apoptotic pathways to induce OC3 oral cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Professor Hong-Yi Chang, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yungkang, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40406, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Professor Bu-Miin Huang, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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Darinaparsin: First Approval. Drugs 2022; 82:1603-1609. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Wang YK, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Arsenic compounds induce apoptosis by activating the MAPK and caspase pathways in FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:18. [PMID: 35029282 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, oral cancer has remained in the top ten most common types of cancer, with an incidence rate that is steadily increasing. In total, ~75% oral cancer cases are associated with lifestyle factors, including uncontrolled alcohol consumption, betel and tobacco chewing, and the excessive use of tobacco. Notably, betel chewing is highly associated with oral cancer in Southeast Asia. Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant; however, arsenic trioxide has been used as a medicine for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, highlighting its anticancer properties. The present study aimed to investigate the role of arsenic compounds in the treatment of cancer, using FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA). The results demonstrated that FaDu cells exhibited membrane blebbing phenomena and high levels of apoptosis following treatment with 10 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h. The results of cell viability assay demonstrated that the rate of FaDu cell survival was markedly reduced as the concentration of arsenic compounds increased from 10 to 100 µM NaAsO2, and 1 to 100 mM DMA. Moreover, flow cytometry was carried out to further examine the effects of arsenic compounds on FaDu cell cycle regulation; the results revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA led to a significant increase in the percentage of FaDu cells in the sub‑G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. An Annexin V/PI double staining assay was subsequently performed to verify the levels of FaDu cell apoptosis following treatment with arsenic compounds. Furthermore, the results of the western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of caspase‑8, ‑9 and ‑3, and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase, as well the levels of phosphorylated JNK and ERK1/2 were increased following treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA in the FaDu cells. On the whole, the results of the present study revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA promoted the apoptosis of FaDu oral cancer cells, by activating MAPK pathways, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- Department of Nursing, Shu‑Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Advances in glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:370-388. [PMID: 34837604 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. As an important component of the Hh signaling pathway, glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) acts as a key signal transmission hub for various signaling pathways in many tumors. Here, we review direct and indirect inhibitors of GLI; summarize the abundant active structurally diverse natural GLI inhibitors; and discuss how to better develop and utilize GLI inhibitors to solve the problem of drug resistance in tumors of interest. In summary, GLI inhibitors will be promising candidates for various cancer treatments.
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Chowdhury T, Roymahapatra G, Mandal SM. In Silico Identification of a Potent Arsenic Based Approved Drug Darinaparsin against SARS-CoV-2: Inhibitor of RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and Essential Proteases. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:608-618. [PMID: 32718300 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200727153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a life-threatening novel corona viral infection to our civilization and spreading rapidly. Tremendousefforts have been made by the researchers to search for a drug to control SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Here, a series of arsenical derivatives were optimized and analyzed with in silico study to search the inhibitor of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the major replication factor of SARS-CoV-2. All the optimized derivatives were blindly docked with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 using iGEMDOCK v2.1. RESULTS Based on the lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp, darinaparsin (-82.52 kcal/- mol) was revealed to be the most effective among them. Darinaparsin strongly binds with both Nsp9 replicase protein (-8.77 kcal/mol) and Nsp15 endoribonuclease (-8.3 kcal/mol) of SARS-- CoV-2 as confirmed from the AutoDock analysis. During infection, the ssRNA of SARS-CoV-2 is translated into large polyproteins forming viral replication complex by specific proteases like 3CL protease and papain protease. This is also another target to control the virus infection where darinaparsin also performs the inhibitory role to proteases of 3CL protease (-7.69 kcal/mol) and papain protease (-8.43 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION In the host cell, the furin protease serves as a gateway to the viral entry and darinaparsin docked with furin protease, which revealed a strong binding affinity. Thus, screening of potential arsenic drugs would help in providing the fast in-vitro to in-vivo analysis towards the development of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinath Chowdhury
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | - Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Ogura M, Kim WS, Uchida T, Uike N, Suehiro Y, Ishizawa K, Nagai H, Nagahama F, Sonehara Y, Tobinai K. Phase I studies of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a pooled analysis of two phase I studies conducted in Japan and Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:218-227. [PMID: 33051668 PMCID: PMC7869082 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two phase I studies of darinaparsin including Japanese and Korean patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma were performed to evaluate its safety (primary purpose), efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01435863 and NCT01689220). METHODS Patients received intravenous darinaparsin for 5 consecutive days at 200 mg/m2/day in 4-week cycles, 300 mg/m2/day in 4-week cycles or 300 mg/m2/day in 3-week cycles. RESULTS Seventeen Japanese and 6 Korean patients were enrolled and treated. Drug-related adverse events developed in 18 patients (78%). Dose-limiting toxicity, grade 3 hepatic dysfunction, was reported on Day 15 of cycle 1 in 1 Japanese patient who received 300 mg/m2/day. The most common drug-related, grade ≥ 3 adverse events were lymphopenia (9%), neutropenia (9%) and thrombocytopenia (9%). No deaths occurred. In 14 evaluable patients, 1 and 3 patients had complete response and partial response, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profiles of arsenic, a surrogate marker for darinaparsin, were similar between Japanese and Korean patients. No significant difference was found in its pharmacokinetic profile. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the good tolerability and potential efficacy of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Darinaparsin 300 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days in 3-week cycles is the recommended regimen for phase II study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Ogura
- Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Hematology and Oncology, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Won-Seog Kim
- Hematology and Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toshiki Uchida
- Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naokuni Uike
- Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Palliative Care, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Third Internal Medicine, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nagahama
- Product Development Division, Solasia Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sonehara
- Product Development Division, Solasia Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang J, Duan D, Song ZL, Liu T, Hou Y, Fang J. Small molecules regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:342-394. [PMID: 32981100 DOI: 10.1002/med.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems have been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit increased ROS to maintain their malignant phenotypes and are more dependent on the "redox adaptation" mechanism. Thus, there are two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to prevent or treat cancer. The first strategy, that is, chemoprevention, is to prevent or reduce intracellular ROS either by suppressing ROS production pathways or by employing antioxidants to enhance ROS clearance, which protects normal cells from malignant transformation and inhibits the early stage of tumorigenesis. The second strategy is the ROS-mediated anticancer therapy, which stimulates intracellular ROS to a toxicity threshold to activate ROS-induced cell death pathways. Therefore, targeting the regulation of intracellular ROS-related pathways by small-molecule candidates is considered to be a promising treatment for tumors. We herein first briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS, and then focus on small molecules that regulate ROS-related pathways and show efficacy in cancer therapy from the perspective of pharmacophores. Finally, we discuss several challenges in developing cancer therapeutic agents based on ROS regulation and propose the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Xu X, Wang H, Li H, Sun H. Metalloproteomic Approaches for Matching Metals to Proteins: The Power of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Mao J, Yang Q, Miyazawa M, Miura M, Wang L, Xia H, Kato K, Yamanaka K, An Y. Possible differences in the mechanism of malignant transformation of HaCaT cells by arsenite and its dimethyl metabolites, particularly dimethylthioarsenics. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126544. [PMID: 32416464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a confirmed human carcinogen, arsenic can cause skin cancer, lung cancer, etc. However, its carcinogenic mechanism is still unclear. In recent years, the oxidative stress hypothesis has become widely accepted. In mammals it has been found that arsenic can be converted to dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII) and dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) through a series of methylation and redox reactions. DMAIII and DMMTAV are highly toxic. METHODS Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to different concentrations of NaAsO2 (IAsIII), DMMTAV and DMAIII for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), oxidative damage markers (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde), and antioxidant markers (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) were measured. In addition, sulfane sulfurs were measured in HaCaT cells and a cell-free system. RESULTS In the DMMTAV and DMAIII treatment groups, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in HaCaT cells were higher than in the IAsIII treatment groups at the same dose. Levels of 8-OHdG and MDA in the DMMTAV and DMAIII treatment groups were also higher than those in the IAsIII treatment groups at the same dose. However, in the DMMTAV and DMAIII treatment groups, the levels of GSH and SOD activity were lower than that in the IAsIII treatment groups. In DMMTAV-treated HaCaT cells, sulfane sulfurs were produced. Further, it was found that DMMTAV could react with DMDTAV to form persulfide in the cell-free system, which may explain the mechanism of the formation of sulfane sulfurs in DMMTAV-treated HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS DMMTAV and DMAIII more readily induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative damage in HaCaT cells than inorganic arsenic. Further, the persulfide formed by the reaction of DMMTAV and DMDTAV produced from the metabolism of DMMTAV may induce a stronger reductive defense mechanism than GSH against the intracellular oxidative stress of DMMTAV. However, the cells exposed to arsenite are transformed by the continuous nuclear translocation of Nrf2 due to oxidative stress, and the persulfide from dimethylthioarsenics may promote Nrf2 by the combination with thiol groups, especially redox control key protein, Keap1, eventually cause nuclear translocation of sustained Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Mao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Makoto Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Luna Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixuan Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well as ageing of the population. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, CKD is slowly progressive and leads to irreversible nephron loss, end-stage renal disease and/or premature death. Factors that contribute to CKD progression include parenchymal cell loss, chronic inflammation, fibrosis and reduced regenerative capacity of the kidney. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and only delay disease progression, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to either stop or reverse progression. Preclinical studies have identified several approaches that reduce fibrosis in experimental models, including targeting cytokines, transcription factors, developmental and signalling pathways and epigenetic modulators, particularly microRNAs. Some of these nephroprotective strategies are now being tested in clinical trials. Lessons learned from the failure of clinical studies of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) blockade underscore the need for alternative approaches to CKD therapy, as strategies that target a single pathogenic process may result in unexpected negative effects on simultaneously occurring processes. Additional promising avenues include preventing tubular cell injury and anti-fibrotic therapies that target activated myofibroblasts, the main collagen-producing cells.
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Mahar J, Saeed A, Chaudhry GES, Irfan M, Channar PA, Faisal M, Larik FA. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic studies of novel 1,2,4-triazole-azomethine conjugates. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xu X, Wang H, Li H, Hu X, Zhang Y, Guan X, Toy PH, Sun H. S-Dimethylarsino-glutathione (darinaparsin®) targets histone H3.3, leading to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13120-13123. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07605k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3.3 was identified as an arsenic-binding protein of S-dimethylarsino-glutathione (ZIO-101, darinaparsin®) in leukemia cells by GE-ICP-MS, leading to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Xuqiao Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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21
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Shimoda Y, Kato K, Asami S, Kurita M, Kurosawa H, Toriyama M, Miura M, Hata A, Endo Y, Endo G, An Y, Yamanaka K. Differences in apoptotic signaling and toxicity between dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTA V) and its active metabolite, dimethylarsinous acid (DMA III), in HepaRG cells: Possibility of apoptosis cascade based on diversity of active metabolites of DMMTA V. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:188-197. [PMID: 30262279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylmonothioarsinical acid (DMMTAV), a metabolite of arsenosugars (AsSug) and arsenolipids (AsLP), which are major organoarsenicals contained in seafoods, has been a focus of our attention due to its toxicity. It has been reported that the toxicity of DMMTAV differs according to the host cell type and that dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), which is a higher active metabolite of inorganic and organo arsenic compounds, may be the ultimate substance. To further elucidate the details of the mechanisms of DMMTAV, we carried out toxicological characterization by comparing DMMTAV and DMAIII using HepaRG cells, which are terminally differentiated hepatic cells derived from a human hepatic progenitor cell line that retains many characteristics, e.g, primary human hepatocytes including the morphology and expression of key metabolic enzymes (P450 s and GSTs, etc.) and complete expression of all nuclear receptors. HepaRG cells were induced to undergo differentiation by DMSO, which result red in increased levels of metabolic enzymes such as P450 and GST, in non-differentiated cells the cellular toxicities of DMMTAV and DMAIII were reduced and the induction of toxicity by DMMTAV was increased by GSH but not by DMAIII. Both DMAIII and DMMTAV induce apoptosis and increase caspase 3/7 activity. DMAIII exposure increased the activity of caspase-9. On the contrary, DMMTAV exposure resulted in markedly elevated activity of caspase-8 as well as caspase-9. These results suggest there are differences between the signaling pathways of apoptosis in DMAIII and DMMTAV and that between their active metabolites. Consequently, the ultimate metabolic substance of toxicity induction of DMMTAV may not only be DMAIII, but may also be partly due to other metabolic substances produced through the activation mechanism by GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Asami
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurita
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department, Tokyo 100-8929, Japan
| | - Masaharu Toriyama
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Motofumi Miura
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hata
- Department of Medical Risk Management, Graduate School of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Endo Occupational Health Consultant Office, Osaka 534-0027, Japan
| | - Ginji Endo
- Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Osaka 550-0001, Japan
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Tse E, Li H, Sun H. Cell Cycle-Dependent Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Arsenic-Based Drugs in Single Leukemia Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10465-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Eric Tse
- Department of Medcine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Renu K, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Maruyama M, Arunachlam S, V.G. A. Role of arsenic exposure in adipose tissue dysfunction and its possible implication in diabetes pathophysiology. Toxicol Lett 2018; 284:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Nakajima Y, Maruyama M. Deciphering the molecular events during arsenic induced transcription signal cascade activation in cellular milieu. Biometals 2017; 31:7-15. [PMID: 29143154 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this metalloid, which shares properties of both metal and non-metal is principally structured on speciation types and holy grail of toxicity prevention. Visible symptoms of arsenic toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this review, we focused on the dermal cell stress caused by trivalent arsenic trioxide and pentavalent arsanilic acid. Deciphering the molecular events involved during arsenic toxicity and signaling cascade interaction is key in arsenicosis prevention. FoxO1 and FoxO2 transcription factors, members of the Forkhead/Fox family, play important roles in this aspect. Like Foxo family proteins, ATM/CHK signaling junction also plays important role in DNA nuclear factor guided cellular development. This review will summarize and discuss current knowledge about the interplay of these pathways in arsenic induced dermal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan.
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Khairul I, Wang QQ, Jiang YH, Wang C, Naranmandura H. Metabolism, toxicity and anticancer activities of arsenic compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23905-23926. [PMID: 28108741 PMCID: PMC5410354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of studies indicated that inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites have paradoxical effects, namely, carcinogenic and anticancer effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that long term exposure to arsenic can increase the risk of cancers of lung, skin or bladder in man, which is probably associated with the arsenic metabolism. In fact, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic by Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) to mono- and dimethylated arsenic species has long been considered as a major route for detoxification. However, several studies have also indicated that biomethylation of inorganic arsenic, particularly the production of trivalent methylated metabolites, is a process that activates arsenic as a toxin and a carcinogen. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has recently been recognized as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of APL. However, elaboration of the cytotoxic mechanisms of arsenic and its methylated metabolites in eradicating cancer is sorely lacking. To provide a deeper understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity along with them use of arsenic in chemotherapy, caution is required considering the poor understanding of its various mechanisms of exerting toxicity. Thereby, in this review, we have focused on arsenic metabolic pathway, the roles of the methylated arsenic metabolites in toxicity and in the therapeutic efficacy for the treatments of solid tumors, APL and/or non-APL malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Khairul
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Qin W, Zheng Y, Qian BZ, Zhao M. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28400729 PMCID: PMC5368180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide. However, current treatments for prostate cancer patients in advanced stage often fail because of relapse. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are resistant to most standard therapies, and are considered to be a major mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this review, we summarized current understanding of PCSCs and their self-renewal signaling pathways with a specific focus on Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt inhibitors have been developed to target PCSCs, their application is still limited by inefficient delivery and toxicity in vivo. Recently, nanotechnology has opened a new avenue for cancer drug delivery, which significantly increases specificity and reduces toxicity. These nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods showed great potential in targeting PCSCs. Here, we summarized current advancement of nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in designing future therapies to eliminate PCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre and MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Roggenbeck BA, Banerjee M, Leslie EM. Cellular arsenic transport pathways in mammals. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:38-58. [PMID: 28007179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural contamination of drinking water with arsenic results in the exposure of millions of people world-wide to unacceptable levels of this metalloid. This is a serious global health problem because arsenic is a Group 1 (proven) human carcinogen and chronic exposure is known to cause skin, lung, and bladder tumors. Furthermore, arsenic exposure can result in a myriad of other adverse health effects including diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, reproductive, and endocrine systems. In addition to chronic environmental exposure to arsenic, arsenic trioxide is approved for the clinical treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and is in clinical trials for other hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to arsenic-induced disease and toxicity exists, and the reasons for such differences are incompletely understood. Transport pathways that influence the cellular uptake and export of arsenic contribute to regulating its cellular, tissue, and ultimately body levels. In the current review, membrane proteins (including phosphate transporters, aquaglyceroporin channels, solute carrier proteins, and ATP-binding cassette transporters) shown experimentally to contribute to the passage of inorganic, methylated, and/or glutathionylated arsenic species across cellular membranes are discussed. Furthermore, what is known about arsenic transporters in organs involved in absorption, distribution, and metabolism and how transport pathways contribute to arsenic elimination are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Roggenbeck
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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29
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Kramann R. Hedgehog Gli signalling in kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1989-1995. [PMID: 27229466 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common final pathway of virtually all progressive injury to the kidney and a promising therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Hedgehog pathway has been reported to be critical in kidney development, and recent evidence suggests a role in kidney injury and fibrosis. This review provides an overview of recent data suggesting an important role of Gli transcriptional activators in kidney injury and repair. We have reported that the hedgehog transcriptional activator Gli1 specifically marks perivascular mesenchymal stem cells, which are an important source of kidney myofibroblasts. Genetic ablation of these cells ameliorated kidney and heart fibrosis and stabilized organ function after injury. Recent data suggest that Gli2 is an important driver of myofibroblast cell cycle progression and a promising therapeutic target in kidney fibrosis progression and CKD. However, the non-canonical mechanism of Gli activation in kidney fibrosis remains an open question, and further studies are needed to elucidate the role of Hedgehog Gli and Gli1+ perivascular cells in human kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Kramann R, Fleig SV, Schneider RK, Fabian SL, DiRocco DP, Maarouf O, Wongboonsin J, Ikeda Y, Heckl D, Chang SL, Rennke HG, Waikar SS, Humphreys BD. Pharmacological GLI2 inhibition prevents myofibroblast cell-cycle progression and reduces kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2935-51. [PMID: 26193634 PMCID: PMC4563736 DOI: 10.1172/jci74929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and proliferation of scar-secreting myofibroblasts, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. The hedgehog (Hh) pathway transcriptional effectors GLI1 and GLI2 are expressed in myofibroblast progenitors; however, the role of these effectors during fibrogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that GLI2, but not GLI1, drives myofibroblast cell-cycle progression in cultured mesenchymal stem cell-like progenitors. In animals exposed to unilateral ureteral obstruction, Hh pathway suppression by expression of the GLI3 repressor in GLI1+ myofibroblast progenitors limited kidney fibrosis. Myofibroblast-specific deletion of Gli2, but not Gli1, also limited kidney fibrosis, and induction of myofibroblast-specific cell-cycle arrest mediated this inhibition. Pharmacologic targeting of this pathway with darinaparsin, an arsenical in clinical trials, reduced fibrosis through reduction of GLI2 protein levels and subsequent cell-cycle arrest in myofibroblasts. GLI2 overexpression rescued the cell-cycle effect of darinaparsin in vitro. While darinaparsin ameliorated fibrosis in WT and Gli1-KO mice, it was not effective in conditional Gli2-KO mice, supporting GLI2 as a direct darinaparsin target. The GLI inhibitor GANT61 also reduced fibrosis in mice. Finally, GLI1 and GLI2 were upregulated in the kidneys of patients with high-grade fibrosis. Together, these data indicate that GLI inhibition has potential as a therapeutic strategy to limit myofibroblast proliferation in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kramann
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne V. Fleig
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebekka K. Schneider
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven L. Fabian
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derek P. DiRocco
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omar Maarouf
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janewit Wongboonsin
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoichiro Ikeda
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Helmut G. Rennke
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Shimoda Y, Kurosawa H, Kato K, Endo Y, Yamanaka K, Endo G. Proposal for novel metabolic pathway of highly toxic dimethylated arsenics accompanied by enzymatic sulfuration, desulfuration and oxidation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:129-36. [PMID: 25559201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has concluded that dimethylarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsO(OH), DMA(V)], a main metabolite of inorganic arsenic, is responsible for carcinogenesis in urinary bladder and lung in rodents, and various modes of carcinogenic action have been proposed. One theory concerning the mode of action is that the biotransformation of dimethylarsinous acid [(CH3)2AsOH, DMA(III)] from DMA(V) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, dimethylmonothioarsinic acid [(CH3)2AsS(OH), DMMTA(V)], a metabolite of DMA(V), has also been noted because of its higher toxicity. However, the metabolic mechanisms of formation and disappearance of DMA(III) and DMMTA(V), and their toxicity are not fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to clarify the mechanism of metabolic formation of DMMTA(V) and DMA(V) from DMA(III). The in vitro transformation of arsenicals by treatment with liver homogenate from rodents and sulfur transferase was detected by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-tandem MS. DMMTA(V) is produced from DMA(III) but not DMA(V) by cellular fractions from mouse liver homogenates and by rhodanese from bovine liver in the presence of thiosulfate, a sulfur donor. Not only DMMTA(V) thus produced but also DMA(III) are re-converted into DMA(V) by an in vitro addition of S9 mix. These findings indicate that the metabolic process not only of DMA(III) to DMA(V) or DMMTA(V) but also of DMMTA(V) to DMA(V) consists of a complicated mode of interaction between monooxygenase including cytochrome P450 (CYP) and/or sulfur transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Research Center for Occupational Poisoning, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nihon University School of Pharmacy, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Ginji Endo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Yang M, Pan Y, Zhou Y. Depletion of ALX1 causes inhibition of migration and induction of apoptosis in human osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5965-70. [PMID: 25736924 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in children and young adults, and the molecular regulation of the invasion of osteosarcoma (OS) remains unknown. In this study, we found that increased expression of ALX1 was associated with the progression of osteosarcoma and that ALX1 protein levels were significantly elevated in matched distant metastases. High ALX1 levels also predict shorter overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. We investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting ALX1 expression using the technique of RNA silencing via short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Synthetic shRNA duplexes against ALX1 were introduced to downregulate the expression of ALX1 in a highly malignant osteosarcoma cell line, U2OS. The results obtained indicated that shRNA targeting of ALX1 could lead to an efficient and specific inhibition of endogenous ALX1 activity. Furthermore, we found that depletion of ALX1 caused a dramatic cell cycle arrest, followed by massive apoptotic cell death, and eventually resulted in a significant decrease in migration and invasion of the osteosarcoma cell line studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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33
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Chen B, Liu Q, Popowich A, Shen S, Yan X, Zhang Q, Li XF, Weinfeld M, Cullen WR, Le XC. Therapeutic and analytical applications of arsenic binding to proteins. Metallomics 2015; 7:39-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of arsenic binding to proteins advances the development of bioanalytical techniques and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Shengwen Shen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qi Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - William R. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver, Canada
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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35
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Yue Z, Zhong L, Mou Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xia J, Li R, Wang Z. Arsenic Trioxide Activate Transcription of Heme Oxygenase-1 by Promoting Nuclear Translocation of NFE2L2. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:674-9. [PMID: 26283888 PMCID: PMC4532976 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that induced expression of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is responsible for the resistance of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells to the chemotherapeutic agent arsenic trioxide (ATO). The present study was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of HO-1 that occurs after exposure of MG63 cells to ATO. First, using RT-QPCT and Western-blot, we found that ATO strongly induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in these human osteosarcoma cells. Then by analyzing HO-1 mRNA of MG63 cells exposed to ATO in the presence and absence of a transcription inhibitor Actinomycin-D (Act-D), we demonstrated that ATO activates HO-1 expression in MG63 cells by regulating the transcription of the gene. Finally, through the analysis of the NFE2L2 protein levels among the total cellular and nuclear proteins by Western-blot and Immunocytochemical staning, we determined that ATO enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), also known as Nrf2. From these results we have concluded that transcription activation of HO-1 resulting from the nuclear translocation of NFE2L2 is the underlying molecular mechanism for its high induction, which, in turn, is responsible for the resistance of human osteosarcoma cells to ATO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yue
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China ; 3. Current address: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Mou
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China ; 2. The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianxin Xia
- 2. The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ronggui Li
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zonggui Wang
- 2. The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Bansal N, Farley NJ, Wu L, Lewis J, Youssoufian H, Bertino JR. Darinaparsin inhibits prostate tumor-initiating cells and Du145 xenografts and is an inhibitor of hedgehog signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:23-30. [PMID: 25381261 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. A major cause of drug resistance in prostate and other epithelial tumors may be due to the presence of a fraction of tumor cells that retain the ability to initiate tumors and hence are termed tumor-initiating cells (TIC) or cancer stem cells. Here, we report that darinaparsin, an organic derivative of arsenic trioxide, is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cell lines as well as fresh prostate cancer cells from patients at low micromolar concentrations, and importantly inhibits the TIC subpopulations. It also inhibits growth of the castrate-resistant Du145 prostate tumor propagated as xenograft in mice and inhibits the tumor-initiating potential of prostate cancer cells. Although the mechanism by which darinaparsin acts is not completely known, we show that it kills prostate cancer cells by blocking cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and inhibits Hedgehog signaling by downregulating Gli-2 transcriptional activity. These data provide a rationale for evaluating darinaparsin in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Bansal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | - Lisa Wu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Joseph R Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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Zhong L, Wang Y, Li W, Gu J, Li X, Wang X, Yue Z, Mu Y, Bai J, Li R, Zhang H. Heme oxygenase-1 silencing increases the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells to arsenic trioxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:135-44. [PMID: 24676542 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been successfully used to treat leukemia and some solid malignant tumors. Our previous study regarding the effects of ATO on mesenchymal-derived human osteosarcoma MG63 cells showed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was strongly induced upon treatment with ATO. The present study sought to investigate the effect of silencing HO-1 on the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to ATO to determine the potential for therapeutic applications. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated interference was used to silence HO-1 in MG63 cells. Viability, apoptosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the cells were assessed to evaluate the sensitivity of the cells to ATO as well as the potential mechanisms responsible. shRNA-mediated interference prevented the induction of HO-1, increased cell death, and increased intracellular ROS levels in MG63 cells upon treatment with ATO. Silencing HO-1 increased the susceptibility of MG63 cells to the chemotherapeutic drug ATO by enhancing intracellular accumulation of ROS. Our results suggest that the inhibition of HO-1 could improve the outcome of osteosarcoma treated with ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Yehiayan L, Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione as a metabolite in human multiple myeloma cell lines upon exposure to Darinaparsin. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:754-64. [PMID: 24624948 PMCID: PMC4027956 DOI: 10.1021/tx400386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we report the identification
of dimethylarsinothioyl glutathione
(DMMTAV(GS)) as a metabolite in cellular extracts of dimethyarsinous
glutathione (Darinaparsin, DMAIII(GS)) treated human multiple
myeloma (MM) cell lines. Co-elution of sulfur and arsenic on the inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) indicated the presence of
sulfur along with arsenic in the newly observed unidentified molecule
on the speciation chromatograms of cell lines treated with DMAIII(GS). Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass
spectrometry of the unknown peak in the MS and tandem MS modes revealed
molecular ion peaks at m/z = 443.9
and 466.0, corresponding to [DMMTAV(GS) + H]+ and [DMMTAV(GS) + Na]+, as well as peaks at
314.8 for the loss of glutamic acid and 231.1 for the loss of glycine.
In addition, peaks were observed at 176.9 corresponding to cysteine
and glycine adducts and at 137.1 for the [C2H6AsS]+ ion. An increase in the peak area of the unidentified
peak was observed upon spiking the cell extracts with a standard of
DMMTAV(GS). Heat deactivation of MM cells prevented the
formation of DMMTAV(GS) raising the possibility of its
formation via an enzymatic reaction. Formation studies in DMAIII(GS) treated MM cells revealed the dependence of DMMTAV(GS) formation on the depletion of DMAIII(GS).
The presence of 5 mM glutathione prevented its formation, indicating
that DMAIII, a dissociation product of DMAIII(GS), is likely a precursor for the formation of DMMTAV(GS). DMMTAV(GS) was observed to form under acidic and
neutral pH conditions (pH 3.0–7.4). In addition, DMMTAV(GS) was found to be stable in cell extracts at both acidic
and neutral pH conditions. When assessing the toxicity by exposing
multiple myeloma cells to arsenicals externally, DMMTAV(GS) was found to be much less toxic than DMAIII(GS) and
DMMTAV, potentially due to its limited uptake in the cells
(10 and 16% of the uptakes of DMAIII(GS) and DMMTAV, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yehiayan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University , 11200 SW Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Garnier N, Redstone GGJ, Dahabieh MS, Nichol JN, del Rincon SV, Gu Y, Bohle DS, Sun Y, Conklin DS, Mann KK, Miller WH. The novel arsenical darinaparsin is transported by cystine importing systems. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:576-85. [PMID: 24431147 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Darinaparsin (Dar; ZIO-101; S-dimethylarsino-glutathione) is a promising novel organic arsenical currently undergoing clinical studies in various malignancies. Dar consists of dimethylarsenic conjugated to glutathione (GSH). Dar induces more intracellular arsenic accumulation and more cell death than the FDA-approved arsenic trioxide (ATO) in vitro, but exhibits less systemic toxicity. Here, we propose a mechanism for Dar import that might explain these characteristics. Structural analysis of Dar suggests a putative breakdown product: dimethylarsino-cysteine (DMAC). We show that DMAC is very similar to Dar in terms of intracellular accumulation of arsenic, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. We found that inhibition of γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT) protects human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (NB4) from Dar, but not from DMAC, suggesting a role for γ-GT in the processing of Dar. Overall, our data support a model where Dar, a GSH S-conjugate, is processed at the cell surface by γ-GT, leading to formation of DMAC, which is imported via xCT, xAG, or potentially other cystine/cysteine importing systems. Further, we propose that Dar induces its own import via increased xCT expression. These mechanisms may explain the enhanced toxicity of Dar toward cancer cells compared with ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Garnier
- Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Division of Experimental Medicine (N.G., G.G.J.R., M.S.D., J.N.N., S.V.d.R., K.K.M., W.H.M.), and Department of Chemistry (Y.G., D.S.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York (Y.S., D.S.C.)
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Zhang H, Su X, Guo L, Zhong L, Li W, Yue Z, Wang X, Mu Y, Li X, Li R, Wang Z. Silencing SATB1 inhibits the malignant phenotype and increases sensitivity of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to arsenic trioxide. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1262-9. [PMID: 25317073 PMCID: PMC4196128 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that the global genome organizer Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) is highly expressed in mesenchymal-derived human osteosarcoma U2OS cells and that the knock-down of SATB1 results in the inhibition of cell proliferation. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of silencing SATB1 on cell migration, invasion, apoptosis and resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug arsenic trioxide. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing assays and trans-well invasion assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by an in situ Cell Death Detection POD Kit, based on terminal deoxynucleotydyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and mRNAs were analyzed by real time qRT-PCR. We found that cell migration and invasion were inhibited and that the proportion of apoptotic cells and sensitivities to the chemotherapeutic drug arsenic trioxide were enhanced by knockdown of SATB1 in U2OS cells. Furthermore, mRNA of ABCC1 and ABCG2 were decreased strikingly after SATB1 silencing. It was concluded that the elevated expression of SATB1 in U2OS cells contributes to maintenance of the malignant phenotype and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs ATO, suggesting that silencing SATB1 in the cells might improve the effects of arsenic trioxides in the treatment of osteosarcoma in which SATB1 is over-expressed and that ABCC1 and ABCG2 were involved in SATB1 mediated resistance of U2OS cells to ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejin Su
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Guo
- 2. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Yue
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Mu
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinna Li
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ronggui Li
- 1. Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zonggui Wang
- 3. The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Németi B, Gregus Z. Reduction of Dimethylarsinic Acid to the Highly Toxic Dimethylarsinous Acid by Rats and Rat Liver Cytosol. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:432-43. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300505v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Németi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Toxicology
Section, University of Pécs, Medical
School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gregus
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Toxicology
Section, University of Pécs, Medical
School, Pécs, Hungary
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Leffers L, Unterberg M, Bartel M, Hoppe C, Pieper I, Stertmann J, Ebert F, Humpf HU, Schwerdtle T. In vitro toxicological characterisation of the S-containing arsenic metabolites thio-dimethylarsinic acid and dimethylarsinic glutathione. Toxicology 2013; 305:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The novel arsenical Darinaparsin circumvents BRG1-dependent, HO-1-mediated cytoprotection in leukemic cells. Leukemia 2013; 27:2220-8. [PMID: 23426167 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Darinaparsin (Dar) is a more potent cytotoxic arsenical than arsenic trioxide (ATO). We hypothesized that the increased cytotoxicity of Dar may be because of a decreased cytoprotective response. We observed that, unlike ATO, Dar does not induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), even though it induces expression of other nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2)-dependent detoxifying enzymes to a greater extent than ATO, in both cancer cell lines and patient-derived leukemic cells. This strengthens the emerging evidence, showing that response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is stimuli specific. Dar treatment prevents recruitment of the transcriptional coregulator Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) to the HMOX1 promoter, which is required for HMOX1 expression. The inability of Dar to induce HO-1 correlates with arrest in G2/M cell cycle phase and BRG1 phosphorylation. Inhibition of HO-1 increases the toxicity of ATO, but has no effect on Dar-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, the lack of HO-1 induction is involved in Dar's enhanced antileukemic properties. Our data highlight cytoprotective responses mediated by HO-1 and BRG1 as a novel target for enhancing the therapeutic range of arsenicals.
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Nielsen TH, Johnson N, Garnier N, Kwan S, Yao L, Cocolakis E, Hébert J, Morgan RA, Paquet E, Callahan KP, Jordan CT, Assouline S, Miller WH, Mann KK. Monitoring Response and Resistance to the Novel Arsenical Darinaparsin in an AML Patient. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:9. [PMID: 23408639 PMCID: PMC3570070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inversion of chromosome 3 is characterized by overexpression of EVI1 and carries a dismal prognosis. Arsenic-containing compounds have been described to be efficacious in malignancies overexpressing EVI1. Here, we describe a case of AML with inv(3)(q21q26.2) treated with the organic arsenical darinaparsin. Using a “personalized medicine approach,” two different arsenicals were screened for anti-leukemic effect against the patient’s cells ex vivo. The most promising compound, darinaparsin, was selected for in vivo treatment. Clinical effect was almost immediate, with a normalization of temperature, a stabilization of white blood cell (WBC) counts and an increased quality of life. Longitudinal monitoring of patient response and resistance incorporating significant correlative studies on patient-derived blood samples over the two cycles of darinaparsin given to this patient allowed us to evaluate potential mechanisms of response and resistance. The anti-leukemic effects of darinaparsin correlated with inhibition of the alternative NF-κB pathway and production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8. Emergence of resistance was suspected during treatment cycle 2 and supported by xenograft studies in nude mice. Darinaparsin resistance correlated with an attenuation of the effect of treatment on the alternative NF-κB pathway. The results from this patient indicate that darinaparsin may be a good treatment option for inv(3) AML and that inhibition of the alternative NF-κB pathway may be predictive of response. Longitudinal monitoring of disease response as well as several correlative parameters allowed for the generation of novel correlations and predictors of response to experimental therapy in a heavily pretreated patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten H Nielsen
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University Montréal, QC, Canada
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Bohle DS, Gu Y. Facile dimethylarsenic exchange and pyramidal inversion in its cysteine and glutathione adducts. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2578-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Tian J, Zhao H, Nolley R, Reese SW, Young SR, Li X, Peehl DM, Knox SJ. Darinaparsin: solid tumor hypoxic cytotoxin and radiosensitizer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3366-76. [PMID: 22535156 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is an important characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment and constitutes a barrier for effective radiotherapy. Here, we studied the effects of darinaparsin (an arsenic cytotoxin) on survival and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro under normoxia and hypoxia and in vivo using xenograft models, compared to effects on normal tissues. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of darinaparsin were first tested in vitro in a variety of solid tumor cell lines under both normoxia and hypoxia and compared with arsenic trioxide (ATO, an arsenical with reported cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities on tumor cells). The effects were then tested in mouse models of xenograft tumors derived from tumor cell lines and clinical tumor specimens. The potential mechanisms of darinaparsin effects, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cellular damage, and changes in global gene expression, were also investigated. RESULTS In comparison with ATO, darinaparsin had significantly higher in vitro cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities against solid tumor cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo experiments confirmed these activities at doses that had no systemic toxicities. Importantly, darinaparsin did not radiosensitize normal bone marrow and actually radioprotected normal intestinal crypts. The darinaparsin-mediated antitumor effects under hypoxia were not dependent on ROS generation and oxidative damage, but were associated with inhibition of oncogene (RAS and MYC)-dependent gene expression. CONCLUSION Darinaparsin has significant and preferential cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects on solid tumors as compared with normal cells. Darinaparsin may therefore increase the therapeutic index of radiation therapy and has near term translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Liu JX, Zhou GB, Chen SJ, Chen Z. Arsenic compounds: revived ancient remedies in the fight against human malignancies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:92-8. [PMID: 22342767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, the 20th most abundant element in the earth crust, is one of the oldest drugs in the world. It was used in the 18th century in treating hematopoietic malignancies, discarded in 1950s in favor of chemotherapeutic agents (busulphan and others), and was revived in the 1970s due to its dramatic efficacy on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) driven by the t(15;17) translocation-generated PML-RARα fusion. Arsenic represents the most potent single agent for APL, and achieves a five-year overall survival of 90% in APL patients when combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy (daunorubicin and cytarabine), turning this disease from highly fatal to highly curable. Arsenic triggers sumoylation/ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PML-RARα via directly binding to the C3HC4 zinc finger motif in the RBCC domain of the PML moiety and induction of its homodimerization/multimerization and interaction with the SUMO E2 conjugase Ubc9. Because of its multiplicity of targets and complex mechanisms of action, arsenic is widely tested in combination with other agents in a variety of malignancies. Other arsenic containing recipes including oral formulations and organic arsenicals are being developed and tested, and progress in these areas will definitely expand the use of arsenicals in other malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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48
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Abstract
The vulnerability of some cancer cells to oxidative signals is a therapeutic target for the rational design of new anticancer agents. In addition to their well characterized effects on cell division, many cytotoxic anticancer agents can induce oxidative stress by modulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Tumour cells are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress as they typically have persistently higher levels of ROS than normal cells due to the dysregulation of redox balance that develops in cancer cells in response to increased intracellular production of ROS or depletion of antioxidant proteins. In addition, excess ROS levels potentially contribute to oncogenesis by the mediation of oxidative DNA damage. There are several anticancer agents in development that target cellular redox regulation. The overall cellular redox state is regulated by three systems that modulate cellular redox status by counteracting free radicals and ROS, or by reversing the formation of disulfides; two of these are dependent on glutathione and the third on thioredoxin. Drugs targeting S-glutathionylation have direct anticancer effects via cell signalling pathways and inhibition of DNA repair, and have an impact on a wide range of signalling pathways. Of these agents, NOV-002 and canfosfamide have been assessed in phase III trials, while a number of others are undergoing evaluation in early phase clinical trials. Alternatively, agents including PX-12, dimesna and motexafin gadolinium are being developed to target thioredoxin, which is overexpressed in many human tumours, and this overexpression is associated with aggressive tumour growth and poorer clinical outcomes. Finally, arsenic derivatives have demonstrated antitumour activity including antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects on cancer cells by pro-oxidant mechanisms, and the induction of high levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis by an as yet undefined mechanism. In this article we review anticancer drugs currently in development that target cellular redox activity to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Montero
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, FL, USA.
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49
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Leslie EM. Arsenic-glutathione conjugate transport by the human multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs/ABCCs). J Inorg Biochem 2011; 108:141-9. [PMID: 22197475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people world-wide are chronically exposed to inorganic forms of the environmental toxicant arsenic in drinking water. This has led to a public health crisis because arsenic is a human carcinogen, and causes a myriad of other adverse health effects. In order to prevent and treat arsenic-induced toxicity it is critical to understand the cellular handling of this metalloid. A large body of literature describes the importance of the cellular tripeptide glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly,GSH/GS) in the excretion of arsenic. The triglutathione conjugate of arsenite [As(III)(GS)(3)] and the diglutathione conjugate of monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)(GS)(2)] have been isolated from rat bile and mouse urine, and account for the majority of excreted arsenic, suggesting these are important transportable forms. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and the related protein MRP2 (ABCC2), are thought to play an important role in arsenic detoxification through the cellular efflux of arsenic-GSH conjugates. Current knowledge on the cellular handling of arsenic with a special emphasis on the transport pathways of the arsenic-GSH conjugates As(III)(GS)(3), MMA(III)(GS)(2), and dimethylarsenic glutathione DMA(III)(GS), as well as, the seleno-bis(S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion [(GS)(2)AsSe](-) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,
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50
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Mason TA, Kolobova E, Liu J, Roland JT, Chiang C, Goldenring JR. Darinaparsin is a multivalent chemotherapeutic which induces incomplete stress response with disruption of microtubules and Shh signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27699. [PMID: 22110729 PMCID: PMC3216988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics and other pharmaceuticals are common sources of cellular stress. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101) is a novel organic arsenical under evaluation as a cancer chemotherapeutic, but the drug's precise mechanism of action is unclear. Stress granule formation is an important cellular stress response, but the mechanisms of formation, maintenance, and dispersal of RNA-containing granules are not fully understood. During stress, small, diffuse granules initially form throughout the cytoplasm. These granules then coalesce near the nucleus into larger granules that disperse once the cellular stress is removed. Complete stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, pre-treated with nocodazole for microtubule depolymerization, formed only small, diffuse stress granules upon sodium arsenite treatment. Darinaparsin, as a single agent, also induced the formation of small, diffuse stress granules, an effect similar to that of the combination of nocodazole with sodium arsenite. Darinaparsin inhibited the polymerization of microtubules both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, upon removal of darinaparsin, the small, diffuse stress granules completed formation with coalescence in the perinuclear region prior to disassembly. These results indicate that RNA stress granules must complete formation prior to disassembly, and completion of stress granule formation is dependent upon microtubules. Finally, treatment of cells with darinaparsin led to a reduction in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) stimulated activation of Gli1 and a loss of primary cilia. Therefore, darinaparsin represents a unique multivalent chemotherapeutic acting on stress induction, microtubule polymerization, and Shh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twila A. Mason
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elena Kolobova
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chin Chiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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