1
|
Islam MT, Jang NH, Lee HJ. Natural Products as Regulators against Matrix Metalloproteinases for the Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38672151 PMCID: PMC11048580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers are currently the major cause of mortality in the world. According to previous studies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an impact on tumor cell proliferation, which could lead to the onset and progression of cancers. Therefore, regulating the expression and activity of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, could be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of cancers. Various studies have tried to investigate and understand the pathophysiology of cancers to suggest potent treatments. In this review, we summarize how natural products from marine organisms and plants, as regulators of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and enzymatic activity, can operate as potent anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Towhedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Nak Han Jang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reipsch F, Biersack B, Lucas H, Schobert R, Mueller T. Imidazole Analogs of Vascular-Disrupting Combretastatin A-4 with Pleiotropic Efficacy against Resistant Colorectal Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13082. [PMID: 34884888 PMCID: PMC8658273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific targeting of the tumoral vasculature by vascular-disrupting agents (VDA), of which combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a main representative, has been considered a new therapeutic strategy against multidrug-resistant tumors. In addition, CA-4 and analogs are tubulin-targeting agents and can exert direct antitumor effects by different mechanisms. Herein, we analyzed a series of synthetic CA-4 analogs featuring N-methylimidazole-bridged Z-alkenes with different halo- or amino-substituted aryl rings in vitro and in vivo, focusing on models of colorectal cancer. Combined in vitro/in vivo structure-activity relationship studies using cell lines and xenograft tumors susceptible to VDA-induced vascular damage demonstrated a clear association of cytotoxic and vascular-disrupting activity with the ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization, which was determined by specific substitution constellations. The most active compounds were tested in an extended panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and showed activity in CA-4-resistant and chemotherapy-resistant cell lines. The bromo derivative brimamin was then compared with the known fosbretabulin (CA-4P) by activity tests on DLD-1- (multidrug-resistant) and HT29- (CA-4-resistant) derived xenograft tumors. Treatment did not induce pronounced vascular-disrupting effects in these tumors. Histological analyses revealed distinct tumor substructures and vessel compositions of DLD-1/HT29 tumors, which clearly differed from the tumor models susceptible to VDA treatment. Even so, brimamin effectively retarded the growth of DLD-1 tumors, overcoming their resistance to standard treatment, and it inhibited the outgrowth of disseminated HT29 tumor cells in an experimental metastasis model. In conclusion, combretastatin analogous N-methylimidazoles proved capable of inducing vascular-disrupting effects, comparable to those of CA-4P. In addition, they showed antitumor activities in models of drug-resistant colorectal cancer, independent of vascular-disrupting effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reipsch
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (B.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (B.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Thomas Mueller
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wordeman L, Vicente JJ. Microtubule Targeting Agents in Disease: Classic Drugs, Novel Roles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5650. [PMID: 34830812 PMCID: PMC8616087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) represent one of the most successful first-line therapies prescribed for cancer treatment. They interfere with microtubule (MT) dynamics by either stabilizing or destabilizing MTs, and in culture, they are believed to kill cells via apoptosis after eliciting mitotic arrest, among other mechanisms. This classical view of MTA therapies persisted for many years. However, the limited success of drugs specifically targeting mitotic proteins, and the slow growing rate of most human tumors forces a reevaluation of the mechanism of action of MTAs. Studies from the last decade suggest that the killing efficiency of MTAs arises from a combination of interphase and mitotic effects. Moreover, MTs have also been implicated in other therapeutically relevant activities, such as decreasing angiogenesis, blocking cell migration, reducing metastasis, and activating innate immunity to promote proinflammatory responses. Two key problems associated with MTA therapy are acquired drug resistance and systemic toxicity. Accordingly, novel and effective MTAs are being designed with an eye toward reducing toxicity without compromising efficacy or promoting resistance. Here, we will review the mechanism of action of MTAs, the signaling pathways they affect, their impact on cancer and other illnesses, and the promising new therapeutic applications of these classic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Jesus Vicente
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang M, Su Y, Wang Z, Du D, Wei S, Liao Z, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Zhang X, Han L, Jiang J, Zhan M, Sun L, Yuan S, Zhou Z. C118P, a novel microtubule inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and vascular disrupting activities, exerts anti-tumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114641. [PMID: 34077738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a hypervascular solid tumor, is the most leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Microtubule binding agents targeting tumor vasculature have been investigated and employed clinically. C118P is a newly synthesized analog of CA4 with improved water solubility and extended half-life. The current studies investigated the pharmacological effects of C118P and its active metabolite C118. Here, we first confirmed by in vitro assays that C118 exerts microtubule depolymerization activity and by molecular docking revealed that it fits to the colchicine binding site of tubulin. In addition, we found that C118P and C118 altered microtubule dynamics and cytoskeleton in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Accordingly, we observed that C118P and C118 inhibited angiogenesis and disrupted established vascular networks using tube formation assays and chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays. In addition, our data showed that C118P and C118 exhibited board anti-proliferative effect on various cancer cells, including HCC cell lines, in MTT assays or Sulforhodamine B assays. Moreover, we found that C118P induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cell lines BEL7402 and SMMC7721 using flow cytometry analysis and immunoblotting assays. Finally, we confirmed that C118P suppressed HCC growth via targeting tumor vasculature and inducing apoptosis in the SMMC7721 xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, our studies revealed that C118P, as a potent microtubule destabilizing agent, exerts its multiple pharmacological effects against HCC by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as targeting tumor vasculature. Thus, C118P might be a promising drug candidate for liver cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Danyu Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shihui Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhengguang Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135 China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135 China
| | - Luwei Han
- Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211135 China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China.
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009 China.
| | - Zhiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000 China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antiangiogenic molecules from marine actinomycetes and the importance of using zebrafish model in cancer research. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05662. [PMID: 33319107 PMCID: PMC7725737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel sprouting from pre-existing vessels or angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumour progression. Development of novel biomolecules from marine natural sources has a promising role in drug discovery specifically in the area of antiangiogenic chemotherapeutics. Symbiotic actinomycetes from marine origin proved to be potent and valuable sources of antiangiogenic compounds. Zebrafish represent a well-established model for small molecular screening and employed to study tumour angiogenesis over the last decade. Use of zebrafish has increased in the laboratory due to its various advantages like rapid embryo development, optically transparent embryos, large clutch size of embryos and most importantly high genetic conservation comparable to humans. Zebrafish also shares similar physiopathology of tumour angiogenesis with humans and with these advantages, zebrafish has become a popular model in the past decade to study on angiogenesis related disorders like diabetic retinopathy and cancer. This review focuses on the importance of antiangiogenic compounds from marine actinomycetes and utility of zebrafish in cancer angiogenesis research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C. The Progress of the Anticancer Agents Related to the Microtubules Target. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2165-2192. [PMID: 32727327 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729162510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs based on the microtubules target are potent mitotic spindle poison agents, which interact directly with the microtubules, and were classified as microtubule-stabilizing agents and microtubule-destabilizing agents. Researchers have worked tremendously towards the improvements of anticancer drugs, in terms of improving the efficacy, solubility and reducing the side effects, which brought about advancement in chemotherapy. In this review, we focused on describing the discovery, structures and functions of the microtubules as well as the progress of anticancer agents related to the microtubules, which will provide adequate references for researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Desing and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structures of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mrozik KM, Cheong CM, Hewett DR, Noll JE, Opperman KS, Adwal A, Russell DL, Blaschuk OW, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW. LCRF-0006, a small molecule mimetic of the N-cadherin antagonist peptide ADH-1, synergistically increases multiple myeloma response to bortezomib. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:339-353. [PMID: 32617520 PMCID: PMC7325588 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule that plays a critical role in maintaining vascular stability and modulating endothelial barrier permeability. Pre-clinical studies have shown that the N-cadherin antagonist peptide, ADH-1, increases the permeability of tumor-associated vasculature thereby increasing anti-cancer drug delivery to tumors and enhancing tumor response. Small molecule library screens have identified a novel compound, LCRF-0006, that is a mimetic of the classical cadherin His-Ala-Val sequence-containing region of ADH-1. Here, we evaluated the vascular permeability-enhancing and anti-cancer properties of LCRF-0006 using in vitro vascular disruption and cell apoptosis assays, and a well-established pre-clinical model (C57BL/KaLwRij/5TGM1) of the hematological cancer multiple myeloma (MM). We found that LCRF-0006 disrupted endothelial cell junctions in a rapid, transient and reversible manner, and increased vascular permeability in vitro and at sites of MM tumor in vivo. Notably, LCRF-0006 synergistically increased the in vivo anti-MM tumor response to low-dose bortezomib, a frontline anti-MM agent, leading to regression of disease in 100% of mice. Moreover, LCRF-0006 and bortezomib synergistically induced 5TGM1 MM tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Our findings demonstrate the potential clinical utility of LCRF-0006 to significantly increase bortezomib effectiveness and enhance the depth of tumor response in patients with MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Chee M. Cheong
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Khatora S. Opperman
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Alaknanda Adwal
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Darryl L. Russell
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Orest W. Blaschuk
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Čermák V, Dostál V, Jelínek M, Libusová L, Kovář J, Rösel D, Brábek J. Microtubule-targeting agents and their impact on cancer treatment. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151075. [PMID: 32414588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that bind to microtubules and affect their properties and function. Disruption of microtubules induces various cellular responses often leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death, the most common effect of MTAs. MTAs have found a plethora of practical applications in weed control, as fungicides and antiparasitics, and particularly in cancer treatment. Here we summarize the current knowledge of MTAs, the mechanisms of action and their role in cancer treatment. We further outline the potential use of MTAs in anti-metastatic therapy based on inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The two main problems associated with cancer therapy by MTAs are high systemic toxicity and development of resistance. Toxic side effects of MTAs can be, at least partly, eliminated by conjugation of the drugs with various carriers. Moreover, some of the novel MTAs overcome the resistance mediated by both multidrug resistance transporters as well as overexpression of specific β-tubulin types. In anti-metastatic therapy, MTAs should be combined with other drugs to target all modes of cancer cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dostál
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Jelínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Libusová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steinemann G, Dittmer A, Schmidt J, Josuttis D, Fähling M, Biersack B, Beindorff N, Jolante Koziolek E, Schobert R, Brenner W, Müller T, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of the novel chimeric inhibitor animacroxam in testicular germ cell cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:2679-2696. [PMID: 31583820 PMCID: PMC6887589 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric inhibitors, which merge two drug pharmacophores in a single molecule have become a prominent approach for the design of novel anticancer compounds. Here, we examined animacroxam, which combines histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and cytoskeleton‐interfering pharmacophores, in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). The effectiveness of animacroxam was compared to that of the commonly applied chemotherapeutic cisplatin as well as the clinically approved HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. The antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam on TGCT in vivo were assessed through exploratory animal studies and a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay, revealing that animacroxam has significant antitumor activity in TGCT. A novel positron emission tomography/MR‐imaging approach was applied to determine tumor volume and glucose [2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (18F‐FDG)] uptake in TGCT tumors, revealing reduced glucose uptake in animacroxam‐treated TGCTs and showing a dose‐dependent suppression of glycolytic enzymes, which led to a breakdown in glycolytic energy production. Furthermore, the observed antiangiogenic effects of animacroxam were related to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell–cell communication, as the expression of gap junction‐forming connexin 43 was strongly suppressed, and gap‐junctional intercellular mass transport was reduced. Our data suggest that the chimeric HDAC inhibitor animacroxam may become a promising candidate for the treatment of solid cancers and may serve as an interesting alternative to platinum‐based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinemann
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schmidt
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - David Josuttis
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Beindorff
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Jolante Koziolek
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Clinic of Internal Medicine IV - Hematology and Oncology Division, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gill JH, Rockley KL, De Santis C, Mohamed AK. Vascular Disrupting Agents in cancer treatment: Cardiovascular toxicity and implications for co-administration with other cancer chemotherapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:18-31. [PMID: 31173840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of the established tumour vasculature by a class of compound termed Vascular Disrupting Agents (VDAs) is showing considerable promise as a viable approach for the management of solid tumours. VDAs induce a rapid shutdown and collapse of tumour blood vessels, leading to ischaemia and consequent necrosis of the tumour mass. Their efficacy is hindered by the persistence of a viable rim of tumour cells, supported by the peripheral normal vasculature, necessitating their co-administration with additional chemotherapeutics for maximal therapeutic benefit. However, a major limitation for the use of many cancer therapeutics is the development of life-threatening cardiovascular toxicities, with significant consequences for treatment response and the patient's quality of life. The aim of this review is to outline VDAs as a cancer therapeutic approach and define the mechanistic basis of cardiovascular toxicities of current chemotherapeutics, with the overall objective of discussing whether VDA combinations with specific chemotherapeutic classes would be good or bad in terms of cardiovascular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Gill
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
| | - Kimberly L Rockley
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Carol De Santis
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Asma K Mohamed
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Niu H, Strecker TE, Gerberich JL, Campbell JW, Saha D, Mondal D, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Structure Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzosuberene Analogues as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5594-5615. [PMID: 31059248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A promising design paradigm for small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization that bind to the colchicine site draws structural inspiration from the natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4). Our previous studies with benzocycloalkenyl and heteroaromatic ring systems yielded promising inhibitors with dihydronaphthalene and benzosuberene analogues featuring phenolic (KGP03 and KGP18) and aniline (KGP05 and KGP156) congeners emerging as lead agents. These molecules demonstrated dual mechanism of action, functioning both as potent vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) and as highly cytotoxic anticancer agents. A further series of analogues was designed to extend functional group diversity and investigate regioisomeric tolerance. Ten new molecules were effective inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50 < 5 μM) with seven of these exhibiting highly potent activity comparable to CA4, KGP18, and KGP03. For one of the most effective agents, dose-dependent vascular shutdown was demonstrated using dynamic bioluminescence imaging in a human prostate tumor xenograft growing in a rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichan Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Tracy E Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Jeni L Gerberich
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - James W Campbell
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiology Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 2201 Inwood Road , Dallas , Texas 75390-9187 , United States
| | - Deboprosad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis , National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - David J Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States.,Mateon Therapeutics, Inc. , 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng D, Chang X, Liu Y, Xu J, Gou W, Li Z, Zuo D, Zhang W, Wu Y. 2-Methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl)seleninyl) phenol reverses EGF-induced cell migration and invasion through down-regulation of MDM2 in breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:513-523. [PMID: 30514153 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1537578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl)seleninyl) phenol (SQ), a novel synthesized combretastatin A-4
(CA-4) analogue, is identified as a microtubule inhibitor and has been shown to exert anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. Here, we found that SQ reversed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced motility and invasion in breast cancer cell lines by the in vitro Wound healing and Transwell assay. Further studies showed that SQ treatment resulted in inhibitory alteration of EGF-stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and MMP-2 activity. What is more, SQ significantly inhibited the EGF-induced mouse double minute 2- (MDM2) expression and transcription factor Twist1 expression. In addition, compared with the control cells, MDM2 overexpression up-regulated Twist1 expression and dramatically promoted cell migration and invasion, MDM2 under-expression also down-regulated Twist1 expression and suppressed cell motility and invasion. Taken together, our findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of SQ on migration and invasion were related to the suppression of MDM2 and Twist1 signal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xing Chang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yang Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Wenfeng Gou
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Weige Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brown AW, Holmes T, Fisher M, Tozer GM, Harrity JPA, Kanthou C. Evaluation of Sydnone-Based Analogues of Combretastatin A-4 Phosphate (CA4P) as Vascular Disrupting Agents for Use in Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2618-2626. [PMID: 30281922 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The combretastatins have attracted significant interest as small-molecule therapies for cancer due to their ability to function as vascular disrupting agents. We have successfully prepared a range of combretastatin analogues that are based on a novel sydnone heterocycle core, and their potential as tubulin binders has been assessed in vitro and in vivo. The most potent candidate was found to disrupt microtubules and affect cellular morphology at sub-micromolar levels. Moreover, it was found to bind reversibly to tubulin and significantly increase endothelial cell monolayer permeability, in a similar manner to combretastatin A4. Surprisingly, the compound did not exhibit efficacy in vivo, possibly due to rapid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Brown
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.,Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Toby Holmes
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Matthew Fisher
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Joseph P A Harrity
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vicente-Blázquez A, González M, Álvarez R, Del Mazo S, Medarde M, Peláez R. Antitubulin sulfonamides: The successful combination of an established drug class and a multifaceted target. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:775-830. [PMID: 30362234 DOI: 10.1002/med.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin, the microtubules and their dynamic behavior are amongst the most successful antitumor, antifungal, antiparasitic, and herbicidal drug targets. Sulfonamides are exemplary drugs with applications in the clinic, in veterinary and in the agrochemical industry. This review summarizes the actual state and recent progress of both fields looking from the double point of view of the target and its drugs, with special focus onto the structural aspects. The article starts with a brief description of tubulin structure and its dynamic assembly and disassembly into microtubules and other polymers. Posttranslational modifications and the many cellular means of regulating and modulating tubulin's biology are briefly presented in the tubulin code. Next, the structurally characterized drug binding sites, their occupying drugs and the effects they induce are described, emphasizing on the structural requirements for high potency, selectivity, and low toxicity. The second part starts with a summary of the favorable and highly tunable combination of physical-chemical and biological properties that render sulfonamides a prototypical example of privileged scaffolds with representatives in many therapeutic areas. A complete description of tubulin-binding sulfonamides is provided, covering the different species and drug sites. Some of the antimitotic sulfonamides have met with very successful applications and others less so, thus illustrating the advances, limitations, and future perspectives of the field. All of them combine in a mechanism of action and a clinical outcome that conform efficient drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Del Mazo
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of new 4-phenylcoumarin derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3474-3490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Haider Behbehani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Kamal M. Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kulshrestha A, Katara GK, Ibrahim SA, Patil R, Patil SA, Beaman KD. Microtubule inhibitor, SP-6-27 inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67017-67028. [PMID: 28978013 PMCID: PMC5620153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer (OVCA), treatment failure due to chemo-resistance is a serious challenge. It is therefore critical to identify new therapies that are effective against resistant tumors and have reduced side effects. We recently identified 4-H-chromenes as tubulin depolymerizing agents that bind to colchicine site of beta-tubulin. Here, we screened a chemical library of substituted 4-H-chromenes and identified SP-6-27 to exhibit most potent anti-proliferative activity towards a panel of human cisplatin sensitive and resistant OVCA cell lines with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50; mean ± SD) ranging from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 0.84 ± 0.20 μM. SP-6-27 exhibited minimum cytotoxicity to normal ovarian epithelia. A pronounced decrease in microtubule density as well as G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed in SP-6-27 treated cisplatin sensitive/resistant OVCA cells. The molecular mechanism of SP-6-27 induced cell death revealed modulation in cell-cycle regulation by upregulation of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha transcripts (GADD45). An enhanced intrinsic apoptosis was observed in OVCA cells through upregulation of Bax, Apaf-1, caspase-6, -9, and caspase-3. In vitro wound healing assay revealed reduced OVCA cell migration upon SP-6-27 treatment. Additionally, SP-6-27 and cisplatin combinatorial treatment showed enhanced cytotoxicity in chemo-sensitive/resistant OVCA cells. Besides effect on cancer cells, SP-6-27 further restrained angiogenesis by inhibiting capillary tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Together, these findings show that the chromene analog SP-6-27 is a novel chemotherapeutic agent that offers important advantages for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Renukadevi Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Shivaputra A Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nathan JR, Lakshmanan G, Michael FM, Seppan P, Ragunathan M. Expression of adenosine receptors and vegf during angiogenesis and its inhibition by pentoxifylline—A study using zebrafish model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1406-1418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
19
|
Brown AW, Fisher M, Tozer GM, Kanthou C, Harrity JPA. Sydnone Cycloaddition Route to Pyrazole-Based Analogs of Combretastatin A4. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9473-9488. [PMID: 27690431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combretastatins are an important class of tubulin-binding agents. Of this family, a number of compounds are potent tumor vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) and have shown promise in the clinic for cancer therapy. We have developed a modular synthetic route to combretastatin analogs based on a pyrazole core through highly regioselective alkyne cycloaddition reactions of sydnones. These compounds show modest to high potency against human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation. Moreover, evidence is presented that these novel VDAs have the same mode of action as CA4P and bind reversibly to β-tubulin, believed to be a key feature in avoiding toxicity. The most active compound from in vitro studies was taken forward to an in vivo model and instigated an increase in tumor cell necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Matthew Fisher
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Joseph P A Harrity
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mahal K, Biersack B, Schruefer S, Resch M, Ficner R, Schobert R, Mueller T. Combretastatin A-4 derived 5-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-imidazol-5-yl)indoles with superior cytotoxic and anti-vascular effects on chemoresistant cancer cells and tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:9-20. [PMID: 27116710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-(1-Methyl-4-phenyl-imidazol-5-yl)indoles 5 were prepared and tested as analogs of the natural vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). The 3-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl derivative 5c was far more active than CA-4 with low nanomolar IC50 concentrations against multidrug-resistant KB-V1/Vbl cervix and MCF-7/Topo mamma carcinoma cells, and also against CA-4-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. While not interfering markedly with the polymerization of tubulin in vitro, indole 5c completely disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton of cancer cells at low concentrations. It also destroyed real blood vessels, both in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs and within tumor xenografts in mice, without harming embryo or mouse, respectively. Indole 5c was less toxic than CA-4 to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. In highly vascularized xenograft tumors 5c induced distinct discolorations and histological features typical of vascular-disrupting agents, such as disrupted vessel structures, hemorrhages, and extensive necrosis. In a first preliminary therapy trial, indole 5c retarded the growth of resistant xenograft tumors in mice. © 2016 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Resch
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bosse RC, Wasserstrom B, Meacham A, Wise E, Drusbosky L, Walter GA, Chaplin DJ, Siemann DW, Purich DL, Cogle CR. Chemosensitizing AML cells by targeting bone marrow endothelial cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:363-377.e5. [PMID: 26898708 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Refractory disease is the greatest challenge in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood vessels may serve as sanctuary sites for AML. When AML cells were co-cultured with bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs), a greater proportion of leukemia cells were in G0/G1. This led us to a strategy of targeting BMECs with tubulin-binding combretastatins, causing BMECs to lose their flat phenotype, degrade their cytoskeleton, cease growth, and impair migration despite unchanged BMEC viability and metabolism. Combretastatins also caused downregulation of BMEC adhesion molecules known to tether AML cells, including vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. When AML-BMEC co-cultures were treated with combretastatins, a significantly greater proportion of AML cells dislodged from BMECs and entered the G2/M cell cycle, suggesting enhanced susceptibility to cell cycle agents. Indeed, the combination of combretastatins and cytotoxic chemotherapy enhanced additive AML cell death. In vivo mice xenograft studies confirmed this finding by revealing complete AML regression after treatment with combretastatins and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Beyond highlighting the pathologic role of BMECs in the leukemia microenvironment as a protective reservoir of disease, these results support a new strategy for using vascular-targeting combretastatins in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy to treat AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael C Bosse
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Briana Wasserstrom
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Amy Meacham
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Elizabeth Wise
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leylah Drusbosky
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel L Purich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Devkota L, Lin CM, Strecker TE, Wang Y, Tidmore JK, Chen Z, Guddneppanavar R, Jelinek CJ, Lopez R, Liu L, Hamel E, Mason RP, Chaplin DJ, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug conjugates derived from combretastatin, dihydronaphthalene, and benzosuberene-based parent vascular disrupting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:938-956. [PMID: 26852340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tumor vasculature represents an intriguing therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer. In an effort to discover new vascular disrupting agents with improved water solubility and potentially greater bioavailability, various amino acid prodrug conjugates (AAPCs) of potent amino combretastatin, amino dihydronaphthalene, and amino benzosuberene analogs were synthesized along with their corresponding water-soluble hydrochloride salts. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and for their cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines. The amino-based parent anticancer agents 7, 8, 32 (also referred to as KGP05) and 33 (also referred to as KGP156) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity (GI50=0.11-40nM) across all evaluated cell lines, and they were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50=0.62-1.5μM). The various prodrug conjugates and their corresponding salts were investigated for cleavage by the enzyme leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Four of the glycine water-soluble AAPCs (16, 18, 44 and 45) showed quantitative cleavage by LAP, resulting in the release of the highly cytotoxic parent drug, whereas partial cleavage (<10-90%) was observed for other prodrugs (15, 17, 24, 38 and 39). Eight of the nineteen AAPCs (13-16, 42-45) showed significant cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines. The previously reported CA1-diamine analog and its corresponding hydrochloride salt (8 and 10, respectively) caused extensive disruption (at a concentration of 1.0μM) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells growing in a two-dimensional tubular network on matrigel. In addition, compound 10 exhibited pronounced reduction in bioluminescence (greater than 95% compared to saline control) in a tumor bearing (MDA-MB-231-luc) SCID mouse model 2h post treatment (80mg/kg), with similar results observed upon treatment (15mg/kg) with the glycine amino-dihydronaphthalene AAPC (compound 44). Collectively, these results support the further pre-clinical development of the most active members of this structurally diverse collection of water-soluble prodrugs as promising anticancer agents functioning through a mechanism involving vascular disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Tracy E Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Justin K Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Rajsekhar Guddneppanavar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Christopher J Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Ramona Lopez
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - David J Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States.,OXiGENE Inc., 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Punganuru SR, Madala HR, Venugopal SN, Samala R, Mikelis C, Srivenugopal KS. Design and synthesis of a C7-aryl piperlongumine derivative with potent antimicrotubule and mutant p53-reactivating properties. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 107:233-44. [PMID: 26599530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that can restore biological function to the p53 mutants found in human cancers have been highly sought to increase the anticancer efficacy. In efforts to generate hybrid anticancer drugs that can impact two or more targets simultaneously, we designed and developed piperlongumine (PL) derivatives with an aryl group inserted at the C-7 position. This insertion bestowed a combretastatin A4 (CA4, an established microtubule disruptor) like structure while retaining the piperlongumine configuration. The new compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activities against eight cancer cell lines, in particular, were more cytotoxic against the SKBR-3 breast cancer cells which harbor a R175H mutation in p53 suppressor. KSS-9, a representative aryl PL chosen for further studies induced abundant ROS generation and protein glutathionylation. KSS-9 strongly disrupted the tubulin polymerization in vitro, destabilized the microtubules in cells and induced a potent G2/M cell cycle block. More interestingly, KSS-9 showed the ability to reactivate the p53 mutation and restore biological activity to the R175H mutant protein present in SKBR3 cells. Several procedures, including immunocytochemistry using conformation-specific antibodies for p53, immunoprecipitation combined with western blotting, electrophoretic shift mobility shift assays showed a reciprocal loss of mutant protein and generation of wild-type like protein. p53 reactivation was accompanied by the induction of the target genes, MDM2, p21cip1 and PUMA. Mechanistically, the redox-perturbation in cancer cells by the hybrid drug appears to underlie the p53 reactivation process. This anticancer drug approach merits further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra R Punganuru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Hanumantha Rao Madala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sanjay N Venugopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Samala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos Mikelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Kalkunte S Srivenugopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Herdman CA, Devkota L, Lin CM, Niu H, Strecker TE, Lopez R, Liu L, George CS, Tanpure RP, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Structural interrogation of benzosuberene-based inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7497-520. [PMID: 26775540 PMCID: PMC4828293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of 3-methoxy-9-(30,40,50-trimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-4-ol (a benzosuberene-based analogue referred to as KGP18) was originally inspired by the natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4). The relative structural simplicity and ease of synthesis of KGP18, coupled with its potent biological activity as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and its cytotoxicity (in vitro) against human cancer cell lines, has resulted in studies focused on new analogue design and synthesis. Our goal was to probe the relationship of structure to function in this class of anticancer agents. A series of twenty-two new benzosuberene-based analogues of KGP18 was designed and synthesized. These compounds vary in their methoxylation pattern and separately incorporate trifluoromethyl groups around the pendant aryl ring for the evaluation of the effect of functional group modifications on the fused six-membered aromatic ring. In addition, the 8,9-saturated congener of KGP18 has been synthesized to assess the necessity of unsaturation at the carbon atom bearing the pendant aryl ring. Six of the molecules from this benzosuberene-series of compounds were active (IC50 < 5 lM) as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization while four analogues were comparable (IC50 approximately 1 lM) in their tubulin inhibitory activity to CA4 and KGP18. The potency of a bis-trifluoromethyl analogue 74 and the unsaturated KGP18 derivative 73 as inhibitors of tubulin assembly along with their moderate cytotoxicity suggested the potential utility of these compounds as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) to selectively target microvessels feeding tumors. Accordingly, water-soluble and DMSO-soluble phosphate prodrug salts of each were synthesized for preliminary in vivo studies to assess their potential efficacy as VDAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Herdman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Laxman Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Haichan Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Tracy E. Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Ramona Lopez
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - Clinton S. George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David J. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
- OXiGENE Inc., 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahal K, Ahmad A, Sethi S, Resch M, Ficner R, Sarkar FH, Schobert R, Biersack B. Role of JNK and NF-κB in mediating the effect of combretastatin A-4 and brimamin on endothelial and carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:463-78. [PMID: 26358135 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 4,5-diarylimidazole brimamin is an analog of the natural vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) with improved water solubility, tolerance by animals and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tumors. Here, we aimed at identifying the major mechanisms underlying the in vitro and in vivo actions of brimamin on endothelial and carcinoma cells, including vascularization. METHODS The contribution of specific signaling kinases to the effects of brimamin on cytoskeleton organization and the viability and differentiation of endothelial cells was assessed by MTT and tube formation assays in the presence or absence of specific kinase inhibitors. Changes in DNA affinity and expression of NF-κB in endothelial and carcinoma-derived cells and their solid tumors (xenografts) treated with brimamin were ascertained by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blotting. The anti-vascular effect of brimamin in solid tumors was verified by CD31 immunostaining. RESULTS We found that brimamin can inhibit tubulin polymerization and cause a reorganization of F-actin in Ea.hy926 endothelial cells. Its inhibitory effect on tube formation was found to depend on functional Rho kinase and JNK. JNK inhibition was found to suppress the induction of endothelial cell apoptosis by brimamin. In CA-4-refractory human BxPC-3 pancreas carcinoma-derived and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma-derived cells brimamin was found to inhibit growth and to induce apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations by blocking NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. Brimamin was also found to reduce the in vivo growth rate and vascularization of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice. Residual tumor cells of these treated xenografts showed a relatively low expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that cellular JNK and Rho kinase activities are crucial for the cytotoxic and cytoskeleton reorganizing effects of brimamin on endothelial cells. In addition, we found that in resistant carcinoma cells and xenografts brimamin can induce down-regulation of anti-apoptotic NF-κB expression and signaling. Its chemical properties and efficacy against clinically relevant cancer entities make brimamin a promising candidate vascular-disrupting agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Seema Sethi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Marcus Resch
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The vascular disrupting activity of OXi8006 in endothelial cells and its phosphate prodrug OXi8007 in breast tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:229-41. [PMID: 26325604 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the vascular disrupting ability and the mechanism of action of the indole-based tubulin-binding compound, OXi8006, and its water-soluble phosphate prodrug OXi8007. Treatment of rapidly proliferating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), used as a model for the tumor vasculature, with OXi8006 or OXi8007, caused potent microtubule disruption followed by extensive reorganization of the cytoskeletal network. The mechanism of action involved an increase in focal adhesion formation associated with an increase in phosphorylation of both non-muscle myosin light chain and focal adhesion kinase. These effects were dramatically diminished by an inhibitor of RhoA kinase, a downstream effector of RhoA. Cell cycle blockade at G2/M and cytotoxicity toward rapidly proliferating HUVECs were also observed. Capillary-like networks of HUVECs were disrupted by the action of both OXi8006 and OXi8007. The prodrug OXi8007 exhibited potent and rapid dose-dependent antivascular activity assessed by dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in an MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer xenograft mouse model. By 6 hours post treatment, over 93% of the BLI signal was abolished with only a slight recovery at 24 hours. These findings were confirmed by histology. The results from this study demonstrate that OXi8007 is a potent vascular disrupting agent acting through an anti-microtubule mechanism involving RhoA.
Collapse
|
27
|
Williams LJ, Mukherjee D, Fisher M, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Akerman S, Kanthou C, Tozer GM. An in vivo role for Rho kinase activation in the tumour vascular disrupting activity of combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:4902-13. [PMID: 24930520 PMCID: PMC4294113 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA4P) is in clinical trial as a tumour vascular disrupting agent (VDA) but the cause of blood flow disruption is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) is fundamental to the effects of this drug in vivo. Experimental Approach Mouse models of human colorectal carcinoma (SW1222 and LS174T) were used. Effects of the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, alone or in combination with CA4P, on ROCK activity, vascular function, necrosis and immune cell infiltration in solid tumours were determined. Mean arterial BP (MABP) was measured to monitor systemic interactions and the vasodilator, hydralazine, was used to control for the hypotensive effects of Y27632. Key Results Y27632 caused a rapid drop in blood flow in SW1222 tumours, with recovery by around 3 h, which was paralleled by MABP changes. Y27632 pretreatment reduced CA4P-induced ROCK activation and partially blocked CA4P-induced tumour vascular effects, in both tumour types. Y27632 also partially inhibited CA4P-induced tumour necrosis and was associated with reduced immune cell infiltration in SW1222 tumours. Hydralazine caused a similar hypotensive effect as Y27632 but had no protective effect against CA4P treatment. Conclusions and Implications These results demonstrate that ROCK activity is critical for full manifestation of the vascular activity of CA4P in vivo, providing the evidence for pharmacological intervention to enhance the anti-tumour efficacy of CA4P and related VDAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Williams
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mahal K, Biersack B, Caysa H, Schobert R, Mueller T. Combretastatin A-4 derived imidazoles show cytotoxic, antivascular, and antimetastatic effects based on cytoskeletal reorganisation. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:541-54. [PMID: 25678082 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural cis-stilbene which interferes with the cellular tubulin dynamics and which selectively destroys tumour blood vessels. Its pharmacological shortcomings such as insufficient chemical stability, water solubility, and cytotoxicity can be remedied by employing its imidazole derivatives. METHODS We studied 11 halogenated imidazole derivatives of CA-4 for their effects on the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons of cancer and endothelial cells and on the propensity of these cells to migrate across tissue barriers or to form blood vessel-like tubular structures. RESULTS A series of N-methyl-4-aryl-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-imidazoles proved far more efficacious than the lead CA-4 in growth inhibition assays against CA-4-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma cells and generally more selective for cancer over nonmalignant cells. Et-brimamin (6), the most active compound, inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines with IC50 (72 h) values in the low nanomolar range. Active imidazoles such as 6 reduced the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells by initiating the formation of actin stress fibres and focal adhesions as a response to the extensive microtubule disruption. The antimetastatic properties were ascertained in 3D-transwell migration assays which simulated the transgression of highly invasive melanoma cells through the extracellular matrix of solid tumours and through the endothelium of blood vessels. The studied imidazoles exhibited vascular-disrupting effects also against tumour xenografts that are refractory to CA-4. They were also less toxic and better tolerated by mice. CONCLUSIONS We deem the new imidazoles promising drug candidates for combination regimens with antiangiogenic VEGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Negi AS, Gautam Y, Alam S, Chanda D, Luqman S, Sarkar J, Khan F, Konwar R. Natural antitubulin agents: importance of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:373-89. [PMID: 25564377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polar cytoskeletal filaments assembled from head-to-tail and comprised of lateral associations of α/β-tubulin heterodimers that play key role in various cellular processes. Because of their vital role in mitosis and various other cellular processes, microtubules have been attractive targets for several disease conditions and especially for cancer. Antitubulin is the most successful class of antimitotic agents in cancer chemotherapeutics. The target recognition of antimitotic agents as a ligand is not much explored so far. However, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment has been much highlighted and discussed in such type of interactions. In this review, some of the most important naturally occurring antimitotic agents and their interactions with microtubules are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit. At last, some emerging naturally occurring antimitotic agents have also been tabulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Yashveer Gautam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahal K, Resch M, Ficner R, Schobert R, Biersack B, Mueller T. Effects of the tumor-vasculature-disrupting agent verubulin and two heteroaryl analogues on cancer cells, endothelial cells, and blood vessels. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:847-54. [PMID: 24678059 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two analogues of the discontinued tumor vascular-disrupting agent verubulin (Azixa®, MPC-6827, 1) featuring benzo-1,4-dioxan-6-yl (compound 5 a) and N-methylindol-5-yl (compound 10) residues instead of the para-anisyl group on the 4-(methylamino)-2-methylquinazoline pharmacophore, were prepared and found to exceed the antitumor efficacy of the lead compound. They were antiproliferative with single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against a panel of nine tumor cell lines, while not affecting nonmalignant fibroblasts. Indole 10 surpassed verubulin in seven tumor cell lines including colon, breast, ovarian, and germ cell cancer cell lines. In line with docking studies indicating that compound 10 may bind the colchicine binding site of tubulin more tightly (Ebind =-9.8 kcal mol(-1) ) than verubulin (Ebind =-8.3 kcal mol(-1) ), 10 suppressed the formation of vessel-like tubes in endothelial cells and destroyed the blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs at nanomolar concentrations. When applied to nude mice bearing a highly vascularized 1411HP germ cell xenograft tumor, compound 10 displayed pronounced vascular-disrupting effects that led to hemorrhages and extensive central necrosis in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tanpure RP, George CS, Strecker TE, Devkota L, Tidmore JK, Lin CM, Herdman CA, MacDonough MT, Sriram M, Chaplin DJ, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Synthesis of structurally diverse benzosuberene analogues and their biological evaluation as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:8019-32. [PMID: 24183586 PMCID: PMC3968794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diversely functionalized, fused aryl-alkyl ring systems hold a prominent position as well-established molecular frameworks for a variety of anti-cancer agents. The benzosuberene (6,7 fused, also referred to as dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene and benzocycloheptene) ring system has emerged as a valuable molecular core component for the development of inhibitors of tubulin assembly, which function as antiproliferative anti-cancer agents and, in certain cases, as vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). Both a phenolic-based analogue (known as KGP18, compound 39) and its corresponding amine-based congener (referred to as KGP156, compound 45), which demonstrate strong inhibition of tubulin assembly (low micromolar range) and potent cytotoxicity (picomolar range for KGP18 and nanomolar range for KGP156) are noteworthy examples of such benzosuberene-based compounds. In order to extend the structure-activity relationship (SAR) knowledge base related to benzosuberene anti-cancer agents, a series of eleven analogues (including KGP18) were prepared in which the methoxylation pattern on the pendant aryl ring as well as functional group incorporation on the fused aryl ring were varied. The synthetic approach to these compounds featured a sequential Wittig olefination, reduction, Eaton's reagent-mediated cyclization strategy to achieve the core benzosuberone intermediate, and represented a higher-yielding synthesis of KGP18 (which we prepared previously through a ring-expansion strategy). Incorporation of a fluorine or chlorine atom at the 1-position of the fused aryl ring or replacement of one of the methoxy groups with hydrogen (on the pendant aryl ring of KGP18) led to benzosuberene analogues that were both strongly inhibitory against tubulin assembly (IC50 approximately 1.0 μM) and strongly cytotoxic against selected human cancer cell lines (for example, GI50=5.47 nM against NCI-H460 cells with fluoro-benzosuberene analogue 37). A water-soluble phosphate prodrug salt of KGP18 (referred to as KGP265, compound 44) and a water-soluble serinamide salt (compound 48) of KGP156 were also synthesized and evaluated in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Clinton S. George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Tracy E. Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Laxman Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Chen-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Christine A. Herdman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Matthew T. MacDonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Madhavi Sriram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - David J. Chaplin
- OXiGENE Inc., 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou J, Jin J, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Chen X, Xu B. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel benzoimidazole-contained oxazole-bridged analogs of combretastatin A-4. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:222-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Anticancer drugs directed against the microtubule, including taxanes and vinca alkaloids, have been the backbone of many chemotherapy regimes for decades. These drugs have, however, significant limitations, which have prompted the development of novel microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). This article will discuss MTAs for anticancer therapies and recent debates regarding their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the limitations of taxanes, including hypersensitivity reactions, neurotoxicity, drug resistance and lack of validated biomarkers to guide therapy will be discussed, all of which have driven the development of novel agents. The mechanisms of action and drug development of new generations of MTAs will also be outlined. Agents demonstrating utility in Phase III clinical trials, including eribulin, ixabepilone, cabazitaxel and trastuzumab-DM1 will be highlighted, as well as novel agents currently in development and future directions for MTAs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Macdonough MT, Strecker TE, Hamel E, Hall JJ, Chaplin DJ, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-based, anti-cancer agents inspired by the vascular disrupting agent 2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3″,4″,5″-trimethoxybenzoyl)-6-methoxyindole (OXi8006). Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6831-43. [PMID: 23993969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a 2-aryl-3-aroyl indole-based small-molecule inhibitor of tubulin assembly (referred to as OXi8006) inspired the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of diversely functionalized analogues. In the majority of examples, the pendant 2-aryl ring contained a 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy substitution pattern, and the fused aryl ring featured a 6-methoxy group. Most of the variability was in the 3-aroyl moiety, which was modified to incorporate methoxy (33-36), nitro (25-27), halogen (28-29), trifluoromethyl (30), or trifluoromethoxy (31-32) functionalities. In two analogues (34 and 36), the methoxy substitution pattern in the fused aryl ring varied, while in another derivative (35) the phenolic moiety was translocated from the pendant 2-aryl ring to position-7 of the fused aryl ring. Each of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity (in vitro) against the SK-OV-3 (ovarian), NCI-H460 (lung), and DU-145 (prostate) human cancer cell lines and for their ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. Four of the compounds (30, 31, 35, 36) proved to be potent inhibitors of tubulin assembly (IC50 <5μM), and three of these compounds (31, 35, 36) were strongly cytotoxic against the three cancer cell lines. The most active compound (36) in this series, which incorporated a methoxy group at position-7, was comparable in terms of inhibition of tubulin assembly and cytotoxicity to the lead compound OXi8006.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Macdonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Passer BJ, Cheema T, Wu S, Wu CL, Rabkin SD, Martuza RL. Combination of vinblastine and oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector expressing IL-12 therapy increases antitumor and antiangiogenic effects in prostate cancer models. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 20:17-24. [PMID: 23138870 PMCID: PMC3810211 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV)-1-based vectors selectively replicate in tumor cells causing direct killing, that is, oncolysis, while sparing normal cells. The oHSVs are promising anticancer agents, but their efficacy, when used as single agents, leaves room for improvement. We hypothesized that combining the direct oncolytic and antiangiogenic activities of the interleukin (IL)-12-secreting NV1042 oHSV with microtubule disrupting agents (MDAs) would be an effective means to enhance antitumor efficacy. Vinblastine (VB) was identified among several MDAs screened, which displayed consistent and potent cytotoxic killing of both prostate cancer and endothelial cell lines. In matrigel tube-forming assays, VB was found to be highly effective at inhibiting tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The combination of VB with NV1023 (the parental virus lacking IL-12) or NV1042 showed additive or synergistic activity against prostate cancer cell lines, and was not due to increased oHSV replication by VB. In athymic mice bearing CWR22 prostate tumors, VB in combination with NV1042 was superior to the combination of VB plus NV1023 in reducing tumor burden, appeared to be nontoxic and resulted in a statistically significant diminution in the number of CD31(+) cells as compared with other treatment groups. In human organotypic cultures using surgical samples from radical prostatectomies, both NV1023 and NV1042 were localized specifically to the epithelial cells of prostatic glands but not to the surrounding stroma. These data highlight the therapeutic advantage of combining the dual-acting antitumor and antiangiogenic activities of oHSVs and MDAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Passer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abdel-Aziz M, Aly OM, Khan SS, Mukherjee K, Bane S. Synthesis, Cytotoxic Properties and Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitory Activity of Novel 2-Pyrazoline Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:535-48. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Mur Blanch N, Chabot GG, Quentin L, Scherman D, Bourg S, Dauzonne D. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of new 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as cis-constrained analogs of combretastatin A4. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:22-32. [PMID: 22647220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To find new and better antivascular agents for cancer therapy, a series of combretastatin A4 (CA4) analogs were prepared from 1,3-diaryl-2-nitroprop-1-enes (6-12) obtained in a two-step synthesis from appropriate arylaldehydes and 2-aryl-1-nitroethanes (4 or 5). Treatment of these 1,3-diaryl-2-nitroprop-1-enes 6-12 by sodium azide in DMSO yielded the targeted compounds. The synthesized 1,2,3-triazoles disubstituted in 4- and 5-positions by one benzyl group and one aryl nucleus have also been tested for biological activities involved in antivascular action. It was found that several new compounds exhibited interesting biological activities in the nanomolar or low micromolar range, in terms of rounding up of endothelial cells, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and cytotoxicity on B16 melanoma cancer cells. In silico docking studies of 11 and 19 within the active site of tubulin were also carried out in order to rationalize the inhibitory properties of these compounds and further understand their inhibition mechanism. In vivo evaluation of compounds 11 and 19 in mice bearing colon 26 carcinoma indicated modest anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mur Blanch
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Synthesis and anticancer activity of 2-benzylidene indanones through inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3049-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Crielaard BJ, van der Wal S, Lammers T, Le HT, Hennink WE, Schiffelers RM, Storm G, Fens MH. A polymeric colchicinoid prodrug with reduced toxicity and improved efficacy for vascular disruption in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2697-703. [PMID: 22114500 PMCID: PMC3218583 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicinoids are very potent tubulin-binding compounds, which interfere with microtubule formation, giving them strong cytotoxic properties, such as cell mitosis inhibition and induction of microcytoskeleton depolymerization. While this makes them promising vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in cancer therapy, their dose-limiting toxicity has prevented any clinical application for this purpose. Therefore, colchicinoids are considered attractive lead molecules for the development of novel vascular disrupting nanomedicine. In a previous study, a polymeric colchicinoid prodrug that showed favorable hydrolysis characteristics at physiological conditions was developed. In the current study, this polymeric colchicinoid prodrug was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for its toxicity and vascular disrupting potential. Cell viability studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as an in vitro measure for colchicine activity, reflected the degradation kinetics of the prodrug accordingly. Upon intravenous treatment, in vivo, of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice with colchicine or with the polymeric colchicinoid prodrug, apparent vascular disruption and consequent tumor necrosis was observed for the prodrug but not for free colchicine at an equivalent dose. Moreover, a five-times-higher dose of the prodrug was well tolerated, indicating reduced toxicity. These findings demonstrate that the polymeric colchicinoid prodrug has a substantially improved efficacy/toxicity ratio compared with that of colchicine, making it a promising VDA for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart J Crielaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Flynn BL, Gill GS, Grobelny DW, Chaplin JH, Paul D, Leske AF, Lavranos TC, Chalmers DK, Charman SA, Kostewicz E, Shackleford DM, Morizzi J, Hamel E, Jung MK, Kremmidiotis G. Discovery of 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potent antiproliferative and tumor vascular disrupting properties. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6014-27. [PMID: 21774499 PMCID: PMC3172808 DOI: 10.1021/jm200454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) guided design of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors has resulted in a series of benzo[b]furans with exceptional potency toward cancer cells and activated endothelial cells. The potency of early lead compounds has been substantially improved through the synergistic effect of introducing a conformational bias and additional hydrogen bond donor to the pharmacophore. Screening of a focused library of potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors for selectivity against cancer cells and activated endothelial cells over quiescent endothelial cells has afforded 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105, 8) as a potent and selective antiproliferative. Because of poor solubility, 8 is administered as its disodium phosphate ester prodrug 9 (BNC105P), which is rapidly cleaved in vivo to return the active 8. 9 exhibits both superior vascular disrupting and tumor growth inhibitory properties compared with the benchmark agent combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate 5 (CA4P).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Flynn
- Bionomics Ltd., 31 Dalgleish Street, Thebarton, South Australia, 5031, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Crielaard BJ, van der Wal S, Le HT, Bode ATL, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Schiffelers RM, Fens MHAM, Storm G. Liposomes as carriers for colchicine-derived prodrugs: vascular disrupting nanomedicines with tailorable drug release kinetics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 45:429-35. [PMID: 21907797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Newly formed tumor vasculature has proven to be an effective target for tumor therapy. A strategy to attack this angiogenic tumor vasculature is to initiate local blood vessel congestion and consequently induce massive tumor cell necrosis. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) typically bind to tubulin and consequently disrupt microtubule dynamics. Colchicine and its derivatives (colchicinoids) are very potent tubulin binding compounds but have a narrow therapeutic index, which may be improved by employing a liposomal targeting strategy. However, as a result of their physicochemical properties, colchicinoids are problematic to retain in liposomes, as they are released relatively rapidly upon encapsulation. To overcome this limitation, two hydrolyzable PEGylated derivatives of colchicine were developed for encapsulation into the aqueous core of long-circulating liposomes: a moderately rapid hydrolyzing PEGylated colchicinoid containing a glycolic acid linker (prodrug I), and a slower hydrolyzing PEGylated colchicinoid with a lactic acid linker (prodrug II). Hydrolysis studies at 37°C and pH 7.4 showed that prodrug I possessed relatively rapid conversion characteristics (t(1/2)=5.4 h) whereas prodrug II hydrolyzed much slower (t(1/2)=217 h). Upon encapsulation into liposomes, colchicine was released rapidly, whereas both PEGylated colchicine derivatives were efficiently retained and appeared to be released only after cleavage of the PEG-linker. This study therefore demonstrates that, in contrast to colchicine, these novel PEGylated colchicine-derived prodrugs are retained within the aqueous interior after encapsulation into liposomes, and that the release of the active parent can be controlled by using different biodegradable linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart J Crielaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tanpure RP, Nguyen BL, Strecker TE, Aguirre S, Sharma S, Chaplin DJ, Siim BG, Hamel E, Lippert JW, Pettit GR, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Regioselective synthesis of water-soluble monophosphate derivatives of combretastatin A-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1568-1574. [PMID: 21718055 PMCID: PMC3275140 DOI: 10.1021/np200104t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The natural products combretastatin A-4 (CA4) and combretastatin A-1 (CA1) are potent cancer vascular disrupting agents and inhibitors of tubulin assembly (IC₅₀ = 1-2 μM). The phosphorylated prodrugs CA4P and CA1P are undergoing human clinical trials against cancer. CA1 is unique due to its incorporation of a vicinal phenol, which has afforded the opportunity to prepare both diphosphate and regioisomeric monophosphate derivatives. Here, we describe the first synthetic routes suitable for the regiospecific preparation of the CA1-monophosphates CA1MPA (8a/b) and CA1MPB (4a/b). The essential regiochemistry necessary to distinguish between the two vicinal phenolic groups was accomplished with a tosyl protecting group strategy. Each of the four monophosphate analogues (including Z and E isomers) demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines comparable to their corresponding diphosphate congeners. Furthermore, Z-CA1MPA (8a) and Z-CA1MPB (4a) were inactive as inhibitors of tubulin assembly (IC₅₀ > 40 μM), as anticipated in this pure protein assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Kroemer G. Cell death signaling and anticancer therapy. Front Oncol 2011; 1:5. [PMID: 22655227 PMCID: PMC3356092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, it was commonly believed that efficient anticancer regimens would either trigger the apoptotic demise of tumor cells or induce a permanent arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, i.e., senescence. The recent discovery that necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion and the increasingly more precise characterization of the underlying molecular mechanisms have raised great interest, as non-apoptotic pathways might be instrumental to circumvent the resistance of cancer cells to conventional, pro-apoptotic therapeutic regimens. Moreover, it has been shown that some anticancer regimens engage lethal signaling cascades that can ignite multiple oncosuppressive mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence. Among these signaling pathways is mitotic catastrophe, whose role as a bona fide cell death mechanism has recently been reconsidered. Thus, anticancer regimens get ever more sophisticated, and often distinct strategies are combined to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. In this review, we will discuss the importance of apoptosis, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe in the response of tumor cells to the most common clinically employed and experimental anticancer agents.
Collapse
|
45
|
Combes S, Barbier P, Douillard S, McLeer-Florin A, Bourgarel-Rey V, Pierson JT, Fedorov AY, Finet JP, Boutonnat J, Peyrot V. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylcoumarin analogues of combretastatins. Part 2. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3153-62. [PMID: 21488686 DOI: 10.1021/jm901826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of A-ring variously methoxylated 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)coumarins related to combretastatin A-4 was prepared by cross-coupling reactions. Cytotoxicity studies indicated a potent activity against HBL100 cell line. Substitution patterns on A-ring had only a slight effect on antiproliferative activity. For most cytotoxic compounds, the activity as potential modulators of P-gp and BCRP efflux pumps was evaluated. The results show that compounds 2 and 7 were able to restore mitoxantrone accumulation (BCRP) at concentrations similar to that of cyclosporine A. Compound 7 was the most efficient to reverse P-gp activity. All compounds were found to potently inhibit in vitro microtubule formation via a substoichiometric mode of action for the most part. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to have an apparent affinity binding constant similar to that of combretastatin A-4, i.e., 1 × 10 (6) M(-1). The molecular modeling of coumarin derivatives was performed on the basis of the molecular structure of 7, as determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The calculations suggested that the presence of a methoxy group out of the plane of the chromenone moiety is an important steric hindrance factor embedding the accessibility of those molecules inside the binding pocket on tubulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Combes
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence, UMR-CNRS 6264, Université d'Aix-Marseille , Faculté des Sciences Saint-Jérôme, case 521, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lunt SJ, Akerman S, Hill SA, Fisher M, Wright VJ, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Tozer GM, Kanthou C. Vascular effects dominate solid tumor response to treatment with combretastatin A-4-phosphate. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1979-89. [PMID: 21154772 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted therapeutics are increasingly used in the clinic. However, less is known about the direct response of tumor cells to these agents. We have developed a combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA4P) resistant variant of SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma cells to examine the relative importance of vascular versus tumor cell targeting in the ultimate treatment response. SW1222(Res) cells were generated through exposure of wild-type cells (SW1222(WT) ) to increasing CA4P concentrations in vitro. Increased resistance was confirmed through analyses of cell viability, apoptosis and multidrug-resistance (MDR) protein expression. In vivo, comparative studies examined tumor cell necrosis, apoptosis, vessel morphology and functional vascular end-points following treatment with CA4P (single 100 mg/kg dose). Tumor response to repeated CA4P dosing (50 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks) was examined through growth measurement, and ultimate tumor cell survival was studied by ex vivo clonogenic assay. In vitro, SW1222(Res) cells showed reduced CA4P sensitivity, enhanced MDR protein expression and a reduced apoptotic index. In vivo, CA4P induced significantly lower apoptotic cell death in SW1222(Res) versus SW1222(WT) tumors indicating maintenance of resistance characteristics. However, CA4P-induced tumor necrosis was equivalent in both lines. Similarly, rapid CA4P-mediated vessel disruption and blood flow shut-down were observed in both lines. Cell surviving fraction was comparable in the two tumor types following single dose CA4P and SW1222(Res) tumors were at least as sensitive as SW1222(WT) tumors to repeated dosing. Despite tumor cell resistance to CA4P, SW1222(Res) response in vivo was not impaired, strongly supporting the view that vascular damage dominates the therapeutic response to this agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou J, Zhang Y, Cui YW, Li ZM, Song HR, Dong JH, Chen XG, Xu BL. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of N-(4-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-7-yl)-arylsulfonamide and N-aryl-(4-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol)-7-sulfonamide analogs of combretastatin A-4. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:330-340. [PMID: 21462036 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.556091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel benzoimidazole sulfonamides as combretastatin A-4 analogs were synthesized. The cytotoxicities of the title compounds were evaluated against five different cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, four compounds displayed cytotoxicities against the HCT8 cell line. Compound 6a has shown the strongest potency against the tested human tumor cell lines with an IC₅₀ value ranging from submicromolar to micromolar level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Komlodi-Pasztor E, Sackett D, Wilkerson J, Fojo T. Mitosis is not a key target of microtubule agents in patient tumors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011; 8:244-50. [PMID: 21283127 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitosis-specific agents have, to date, not been clinically successful. By contrast, microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have a long record of success, usually attributed to the induction of mitotic arrest. Indeed, it was this success that led to the search for mitosis-specific inhibitors. We believe the clinical disappointment of mitosis-specific inhibitors stands as evidence that MTAs have been successful not only by interfering with mitosis but, more importantly, by disrupting essential interphase cellular mechanisms. In this Perspective we will review literature that supports a paradigm shift in how we think about one of our most widely used classes of chemotherapeutics-MTAs. We believe that the steady presence and constant physiological role of microtubules are responsible for the overall success of MTAs. While mitosis-specific inhibitors are effective on only a small fraction of the tumor mass (dividing cells), MTAs target tubulin, a protein that has crucial roles in both mitotic and non-mitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Komlodi-Pasztor
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fens MHAM, Storm G, Schiffelers RM. Tumor vasculature as target for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:1321-38. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.524204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
50
|
Alex D, Leong EC, Zhang ZJ, Yan GTH, Cheng SH, Leong CW, Li ZH, Lam KH, Chan SW, Lee SMY. Resveratrol derivative, trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene, exerts antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting effects in zebrafish through the downregulation of VEGFR2 and cell-cycle modulation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:339-46. [PMID: 20014068 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of neoplastic diseases such as cancer. Resveratrol and its derivatives exert antiangiogenic effects, but the mechanisms of their actions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of resveratrol and its derivative trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo using transgenic zebrafish, and to clarify their mechanisms of action in zebrafish by gene expression analysis of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR2/KDR) and cell-cycle analysis. trans-3,5,4'-Trimethoxystilbene showed significantly more potent antiangiogenic activity than that of resveratrol in both assays. In zebrafish, trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene caused intersegmental vessel regression and downregulated VEGFR2 mRNA expression. Trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene also induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest, most specifically in endothelial cells of zebrafish embryos. We propose that the antiangiogenic and vascular-targeting activities of trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene result from the downregulation of VEGFR2 expression and cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Alex
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Tomás Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|