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Chyr J, Gong H, Zhou X. DOTA: Deep Learning Optimal Transport Approach to Advance Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:196. [PMID: 35204697 PMCID: PMC8961573 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia, affecting over 5 million people in the United States and incurring a substantial global healthcare cost. Unfortunately, current treatments are only palliative and do not cure AD. There is an urgent need to develop novel anti-AD therapies; however, drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive, and high-risk process. Drug repositioning, on the other hand, is an attractive approach to identify drugs for AD treatment. Thus, we developed a novel deep learning method called DOTA (Drug repositioning approach using Optimal Transport for Alzheimer's disease) to repurpose effective FDA-approved drugs for AD. Specifically, DOTA consists of two major autoencoders: (1) a multi-modal autoencoder to integrate heterogeneous drug information and (2) a Wasserstein variational autoencoder to identify effective AD drugs. Using our approach, we predict that antipsychotic drugs with circadian effects, such as quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, suvorexant, brexpiprazole, olanzapine, and trazadone, will have efficacious effects in AD patients. These drugs target important brain receptors involved in memory, learning, and cognition, including serotonin 5-HT2A, dopamine D2, and orexin receptors. In summary, DOTA repositions promising drugs that target important biological pathways and are predicted to improve patient cognition, circadian rhythms, and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chyr
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Haoran Gong
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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2
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Nie P, Kalidindi T, Nagle VL, Wu X, Li T, Liao GP, Frost G, Henry KE, Punzalan B, Carter LM, Lewis JS, Pillarsetty NVK, Li YM. Imaging of Cancer γ-Secretase Activity Using an Inhibitor-Based PET Probe. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6145-6155. [PMID: 34475100 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal Notch signaling promotes cancer cell growth and tumor progression in various cancers. Targeting γ-secretase, a pivotal regulator in the Notch pathway, has yielded numerous γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) for clinical investigation in the last 2 decades. However, GSIs have demonstrated minimal success in clinical trials in part due to the lack of specific and precise tools to assess γ-secretase activity and its inhibition in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed an imaging probe based on GSI Semagacestat structure and synthesized the radioiodine-labeled analogues [131I]- or [124I]-PN67 from corresponding trimethyl-tin precursors. Both membrane- and cell-based ligand-binding assays were performed using [131I]-PN67 to determine the binding affinity and specificity for γ-secretase in vitro. Moreover, we evaluated [124I]-PN67 by PET imaging in mammary tumor and glioblastoma mouse models. RESULTS The probe was synthesized through iodo-destannylation using chloramine-T as an oxidant with a high labeling yield and efficiency. In vitro binding results demonstrate the high specificity of this probe and its ability for target replacement study by clinical GSIs. PET imaging studies demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) increased in the uptake of [124I]-PN67 in tumors versus blocking or sham control groups across multiple mouse models, including 4T1 allograft, MMTV-PyMT breast cancer, and U87 glioblastoma allograft. Ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography corroborate these results, indicating γ-secretase specific tumor accumulation of [124I]-PN67. CONCLUSIONS [124I]-PN67 is a novel PET imaging agent that enables assessment of γ-secretase activity and target engagement of clinical GSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Veronica L Nagle
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York.,Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - George P Liao
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Georgia Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Blesida Punzalan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York.,Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York
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3
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Lozupone M, Solfrizzi V, D'Urso F, Di Gioia I, Sardone R, Dibello V, Stallone R, Liguori A, Ciritella C, Daniele A, Bellomo A, Seripa D, Panza F. Anti-amyloid-β protein agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an update on emerging drugs. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:319-335. [PMID: 32772738 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1808621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently available Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics are only symptomatic, targeting cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions. Several putative disease-modifying drugs in late-stage clinical development target amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein, the principal neurophatological hallmarks of the disease. AREAS COVERED Phase III randomized clinical trials of anti-Aβ drugs for AD treatment were searched in US and EU clinical trial registries and principal biomedical databases until May 2020. EXPERT OPINION At present, compounds in Phase III clinical development for AD include four anti-Ab monoclonal antibodies (solanezumab, gantenerumab, aducanumab, BAN2401), the combination of cromolyn sodium and ibuprofen (ALZT-OP1), and two small molecules (levetiracetam, GV-971). These drugs are mainly being tested in subjects during early AD phases or at preclinical stage of familial AD or even in asymptomatic subjects at high risk of developing AD. The actual results support the hypothesis that elevated Aβ represents an early stage in the AD continuum and demonstrate the feasibility of enrolling these high-risk participants in secondary prevention trials to slow cognitive decline during the AD preclinical stages. However, a series of clinical failures may question further development of Aβ-targeting drugs and the findings from current ongoing Phase III trials will hopefully give light to this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- "Cesare Frugoni" Internal and Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gioia
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital , Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital , Bari, Italy.,Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital , Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Liguori
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital , Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciritella
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart , Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza , Foggia, Italy.,Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, ASL Lecce , Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio De Bellis", Research Hospital , Bari, Italy
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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5
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Nie P, Vartak A, Li YM. γ-Secretase inhibitors and modulators: Mechanistic insights into the function and regulation of γ-Secretase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 105:43-53. [PMID: 32249070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over two decades, γ-secretase has been the target for extensive therapeutic development due to its pivotal role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and cancer. However, it has proven to be a challenging task owing to its large set of substrates and our limited understanding of the enzyme's structural and mechanistic features. The scientific community is taking bigger strides towards solving this puzzle with recent advancement in techniques like cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and photo-affinity labelling (PAL). This review highlights the significance of the PAL technique with multiple examples of photo-probes developed from γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators. The binding of these probes into active and/or allosteric sites of the enzyme has provided crucial information on the γ-secretase complex and improved our mechanistic understanding of this protease. Combining the knowledge of function and regulation of γ-secretase will be a decisive factor in developing novel γ-secretase modulators and biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Abhishek Vartak
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pharmacology program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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6
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Kisby B, Jarrell JT, Agar ME, Cohen DS, Rosin ER, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Huang X. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential Alternative Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2019; 9. [PMID: 31588368 PMCID: PMC6777730 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects over 5 million individuals in the United States alone. Currently, there are only two kinds of pharmacological interventions available for symptomatic relief of AD; Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists and these drugs do not slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Several molecular targets have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, such as the tau (τ) protein, Amyloid-beta (Aβ), the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and more and several responses have also been observed in the advancement of the disease, such as reduced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and iron overload. In this review, we discuss general features of AD and several small molecules across different experimental AD drug classes that have been studied for their effects in the context of the molecular targets and responses associated with the AD progression. These drugs include: Paroxetine, Desferrioxamine (DFO), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Posiphen/-(−)Phenserine, JTR-009, Carvedilol, LY450139, Intravenous immunoglobulin G 10%, Indomethacin and Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Kisby
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juliet T Jarrell
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - M Enes Agar
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David S Cohen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Rosin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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7
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Fang F, Yu Q, Arancio O, Chen D, Gore SS, Yan SS, Yan SF. RAGE mediates Aβ accumulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via modulation of β- and γ-secretase activity. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1002-1014. [PMID: 29329433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) has been implicated in amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)-induced perturbation relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether and how RAGE regulates Aβ metabolism remains largely unknown. Aβ formation arises from aberrant cleavage of amyloid pre-cursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. To investigate whether RAGE modulates β- and γ-secretase activity potentiating Aβ formation, we generated mAPP mice with genetic deletion of RAGE (mAPP/RO). These mice displayed reduced cerebral amyloid pathology, inhibited aberrant APP-Aβ metabolism by reducing β- and γ-secretases activity, and attenuated impairment of learning and memory compared with mAPP mice. Similarly, RAGE signal transduction deficient mAPP mice (mAPP/DN-RAGE) exhibited the reduction in Aβ40 and Aβ42 production and decreased β-and γ-secretase activity compared with mAPP mice. Furthermore, RAGE-deficient mAPP brain revealed suppression of activation of p38 MAP kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Finally, RAGE siRNA-mediated gene silencing or DN-RAGE-mediated signaling deficiency in the enriched human APP neuronal cells demonstrated suppression of activation of GSK3β, accompanied with reduction in Aβ levels and decrease in β- and γ-secretases activity. Our findings highlight that RAGE-dependent signaling pathway regulates β- and γ-secretase cleavage of APP to generate Aβ, at least in part through activation of GSK3β and p38 MAP kinase. RAGE is a potential therapeutic target to limit aberrant APP-Aβ metabolism in halting progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Taub Institute for Research on Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, Physicians & Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Doris Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Smruti S Gore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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8
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Yu X, Cheng G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhao M, Zeng L, Hu Y, Feng L. N-Phenylquinazolin-2-amine Yhhu4952 as a novel promotor for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14040. [PMID: 30232349 PMCID: PMC6145871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that ensheath multiple neuronal axons and form myelin. Under pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes leads to demyelination. Although the demyelinated regions can partially resolve functional deficits through remyelination, however, as the disease progresses, remyelination typically becomes incomplete and ultimately fails. One possible explanation for this failure is the activation of the Notch pathway in MS lesions, which impedes oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at maturation. This leads to a potential target for remyelination. Here, we have identified a compound Yhhu4952 that promoted the maturation of cultured OPCs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Neonatal rats showed a significant increase in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the prevalence of mature oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum after Yhhu4952 treatment. The compound was also effective in promoting remyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination model and improving severity scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Mechanism studies revealed that Yhhu4952 promotes OPC differentiation through the inhibition of the Jagged1-Notch1 pathway. These findings suggest Yhhu4952 is potentially useful for proceeding oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengxue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Department of Neuropharmacology,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Pradhan N, Debnath K, Mandal S, Jana NR, Jana NR. Antiamyloidogenic Chemical/Biochemical-Based Designed Nanoparticle as Artificial Chaperone for Efficient Inhibition of Protein Aggregation. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1721-1731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Pradhan
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Koushik Debnath
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Mandal
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nihar R. Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Nikhil R. Jana
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Johnson DS, Li YM, Pettersson M, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural and Chemical Biology of Presenilin Complexes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024067. [PMID: 28320827 PMCID: PMC5710098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a tetrameric complex containing presenilin 1 or 2, anterior pharynx defective 1 (APH1), nicastrin, and PEN-2. Other components such as TMP21 may exist in a subset of specialized complexes. The presenilin complex is the founding member of a unique class of aspartyl proteases that catalyze the γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage of the transmembrane domains of Type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Here, we detail the structural and chemical biology of this unusual enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that the complex exists in several conformations, and subtle long-range (allosteric) shifts in the conformation of the complex underpin substrate access to the catalytic site and the mechanism of action for allosteric inhibitors and modulators. Understanding the mechanics of these shifts will facilitate the design of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) compounds that modulate the relative efficiency of γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage and/or substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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11
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Panza F, Seripa D, Lozupone M, Solfrizzi V, Imbimbo BP, Barulli MR, Tortelli R, Capozzo R, Bisceglia P, Dimitri A, Stallone R, Dibello V, Quaranta N, Daniele A, Bellomo A, Greco A, Logroscino G. The potential of solanezumab and gantenerumab to prevent Alzheimer’s disease in people with inherited mutations that cause its early onset. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:25-35. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1389885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ at ‘Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico’, Tricase, Italy
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno P. Imbimbo
- Research & Development Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ at ‘Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico’, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ at ‘Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico’, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ at ‘Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico’, Tricase, Italy
| | - Paola Bisceglia
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Dimitri
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo, Moro, Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ at ‘Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico’, Tricase, Italy
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12
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M344 promotes nonamyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing while normalizing Alzheimer's disease genes and improving memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9135-E9144. [PMID: 29073110 PMCID: PMC5664514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707544114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of failed clinical trials with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients over the last fifteen years demonstrate that the one-target–one-disease approach is not effective in AD. In silico, structure-based, multitarget drug design approaches to treat multifactorial diseases have not been successful in the context of AD either. Here, we show that M344, an inhibitor of class I and IIB histone deacetylases, affects multiple AD-related genes, including those related to both early- and late-onset AD. We also show that M344 improves memory in the 3xTg AD mouse model. This work endorses a shift to a multitargeted approach to the treatment of AD, supporting the therapeutic potential of a single small molecule with an epigenetic mechanism of action. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comprises multifactorial ailments for which current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient to broadly address the underlying pathophysiology. Epigenetic gene regulation relies upon multifactorial processes that regulate multiple gene and protein pathways, including those involved in AD. We therefore took an epigenetic approach where a single drug would simultaneously affect the expression of a number of defined AD-related targets. We show that the small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitor M344 reduces beta-amyloid (Aβ), reduces tau Ser396 phosphorylation, and decreases both β-secretase (BACE) and APOEε4 gene expression. M344 increases the expression of AD-relevant genes: BDNF, α-secretase (ADAM10), MINT2, FE65, REST, SIRT1, BIN1, and ABCA7, among others. M344 increases sAPPα and CTFα APP metabolite production, both cleavage products of ADAM10, concordant with increased ADAM10 gene expression. M344 also increases levels of immature APP, supporting an effect on APP trafficking, concurrent with the observed increase in MINT2 and FE65, both shown to increase immature APP in the early secretory pathway. Chronic i.p. treatment of the triple transgenic (APPsw/PS1M146V/TauP301L) mice with M344, at doses as low as 3 mg/kg, significantly prevented cognitive decline evaluated by Y-maze spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze spatial memory tests. M344 displays short brain exposure, indicating that brief pulses of daily drug treatment may be sufficient for long-term efficacy. Together, these data show that M344 normalizes several disparate pathogenic pathways related to AD. M344 therefore serves as an example of how a multitargeting compound could be used to address the polygenic nature of multifactorial diseases.
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Wu WL, Burnett DA, Clader J, Greenlee WJ, Jiang Q, Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Cohen-Williams ME, Song L, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Nomeir A, Parker EM, Zhang L. Design and synthesis of water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 as γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5836-5841. [PMID: 27836402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe our strategy to improve the aqueous solubility of SCH 900229, a potent PS1-selective γ-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Incorporation of ionizable amino groups into the side chain terminal generates water soluble β-aminosulfone analogues of SCH 900229 that maintain robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lian Wu
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Duane A Burnett
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - John Clader
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - William J Greenlee
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Qin Jiang
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 26 Corporate Cir, Albany, NY 12212, USA
| | - Lynn A Hyde
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | - Lixin Song
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Julie Lee
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Giuseppe Terracina
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amin Nomeir
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric M Parker
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Panza F, Seripa D, Solfrizzi V, Imbimbo BP, Lozupone M, Leo A, Sardone R, Gagliardi G, Lofano L, Creanza BC, Bisceglia P, Daniele A, Bellomo A, Greco A, Logroscino G. Emerging drugs to reduce abnormal β-amyloid protein in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:377-391. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1241232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Murakami K, Watanabe T, Koike T, Kamata M, Igari T, Kondo S. Pharmacological properties of a novel and potent γ-secretase modulator as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2015; 1633:73-86. [PMID: 26707977 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and Notch-sparing GSIs have shown reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide levels but increased Notch-related and -unrelated adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effects of compound-1 on Aβ processing and cognitive function and assessed Notch-related and -unrelated adverse effects. Compound-1 reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels but inversely increased Aβ37 in Neuro2a cells, leading to no net changes in total Aβ levels, indicating that compound-1 is a γ-secretase modulator (GSM). In time-course experiments, compound-1 reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in tris-soluble fractions, with peak reduction at approximately 3h after oral administration in C57BL mice. Moreover, at >1mg/kg, compound-1 dose dependently reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in Tg2576 mice. Chronic treatment with compound-1 in Tg2576 mice for 4 months significantly reduced both soluble and insoluble Aβ42 levels and ameliorated cognitive impairments, even after drug withdrawal for 10 days following oral administration for 2 months. In contrast with compound-1, at 100-fold higher doses (100mg/kg), the GSI LY450139 decreased HES1 mRNA expression in thymus tissues and increased the intensity of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive areas in the intestine. Moreover, the Notch-sparing GSI BMS708163 led to amyloid precursor protein (APP)-β-C-terminal fragment accumulation in mouse primary neurons. BMS708163 significantly hampered cognitive function in normal mice 1 month after administration, whereas compound-1 significantly improved cognitive function. Taken together, the present novel and orally active GSM is a promising molecule for the treatment of pathologies associated with Aβ42 and Aβ40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murakami
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Watanabe
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Koike
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kamata
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Igari
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kondo
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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16
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Strömberg K, Eketjäll S, Georgievska B, Tunblad K, Eliason K, Olsson F, Radesäter AC, Klintenberg R, Arvidsson PI, von Berg S, Fälting J, Cowburn RF, Dabrowski M. Combining an amyloid-beta (Aβ) cleaving enzyme inhibitor with a γ-secretase modulator results in an additive reduction of Aβ production. FEBS J 2014; 282:65-73. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kia Strömberg
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre; Science for Life Laboratory; Solna Sweden
| | - Biljana Georgievska
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Karin Tunblad
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Kristina Eliason
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Fredrik Olsson
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | | | - Rebecka Klintenberg
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Project Management, AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Stefan von Berg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; R&I iMed; AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal; Sweden
| | - Johanna Fälting
- Project Management, AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Richard F. Cowburn
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
| | - Michael Dabrowski
- Department of Neuroscience; AstraZeneca R&D; CNS/Pain iMED; Södertälje Sweden
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Yang ZY, Li JM, Xiao L, Mou L, Cai Y, Huang H, Luo XG, Yan XX. [(3) H]-L685,458 binding sites are abundant in multiple peripheral organs in rats: implications for safety assessment of putative γ-secretase targeting drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:518-26. [PMID: 24861611 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is a multimeric enzyme complex that carries out proteolytic processing to a variety of cellular proteins. It is currently explored as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. Mechanism-based toxicity needs to be thoroughly evaluated for γ-secretase inhibitory and/or modulatory drugs. This study comparatively assessed putative γ-secretase catalytic sites in rat peripheral tissues relative to brain and explored an effort of its pharmacological inhibition on hair regeneration. Using [(3) H]-labelled L685,458, a potent γ-secretase inhibitor, as probe, we found more abundant presence of γ-secretase binding sites in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, hair follicle, pituitary gland, ovary and testis, as compared to the brain. Local application of L658,458 delayed vibrissal regrowth following whisker removal. These results suggest that γ-secretase may execute important biological functions in many peripheral systems, as in the brain. The development of γ-secretase inhibitors/modulators for AD and cancer therapy should include close monitoring of toxicological panels for hepatic, gastrointestinal, endocrinal and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China
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18
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NOTCH and PTEN in prostate cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 56:51-65. [PMID: 24933481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the role that Notch-signaling has in tumorigenesis has shifted from leukemogenesis into cancers of solid tumors. Emerging data suggests that in addition to direct effects mediated through the canonical Notch pathway, Notch may participate in epithelial tumor development through regulation of pathways such as PTEN/PI3K/Akt. Prostate cancer is a disease for which PTEN gene expression is especially essential. This review will summarize a role for Notch in prostate development and cancer with an emphasis on how the Notch pathway may intersect with PTEN/PI3K/Akt and mTOR signaling.
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Parkinson J, Ploeger B, Appelkvist P, Bogstedt A, Dillner Bergstedt K, Eketjäll S, Visser SAG. Modeling of age-dependent amyloid accumulation and γ-secretase inhibition of soluble and insoluble Aβ in a transgenic mouse model of amyloid deposition. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2013; 1:e00012. [PMID: 25505567 PMCID: PMC4186430 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the “amyloid hypothesis,” accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The aims of this investigation were to develop a model for the age-dependent amyloid accumulation and to quantify the age- and treatment-duration-dependent efficacy of the γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of amyloid deposition. Soluble and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 brain concentrations were compiled from multiple naïve, vehicle, and MRK-560-treated animals. The age of Tg2576 mice in the studies ranged between 3.5 and 26 months. Single doses of MRK-560 inhibited soluble Aβ40 levels in animals up to 9 months old. In contrast, MRK-560 did not cause significant acute effects on soluble Aβ40 levels in animals older than 13 months. Absolute levels of Aβ variants increased exponentially over age and reached a plateau at ∼20 months. In the final model, it was assumed that MRK-560 inhibited the Aβ production rate with an Aβ level-dependent IC50.The age-dependent increase in Aβ levels was best described by a logistic model that stimulated the production rate of soluble Aβ. The increase in insoluble Aβ was defined as a function of soluble Aβ by using a scaling factor and a different turnover rate. The turnover half-life for insoluble Aβ was estimated at 30 days, explaining that at least a 4-week treatment in young animals was required to demonstrate a reduction in insoluble Aβ. Taken together, the derived knowledge could be exploited for an improved design of new experiments in Tg2576 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Parkinson
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Bart Ploeger
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Paulina Appelkvist
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Anna Bogstedt
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Karin Dillner Bergstedt
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Sandra A G Visser
- Primary laboratory of origin, AstraZeneca R&D CNSP Innovative Medicines SE-15185, Södertälje, Sweden
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20
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Corbett A, Williams G, Ballard C. Drug repositioning: an opportunity to develop novel treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1304-21. [PMID: 24275851 PMCID: PMC3817602 DOI: 10.3390/ph6101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately two thirds of the 35 million people worldwide with the condition. Despite this, effective treatments are lacking, and there are no drugs that elicit disease modifying effects to improve outcome. There is an urgent need to develop and evaluate more effective pharmacological treatments. Drug repositioning offers an exciting opportunity to repurpose existing licensed treatments for use in AD, with the benefit of providing a far more rapid route to the clinic than through novel drug discovery approaches. This review outlines the current most promising candidates for repositioning in AD, their supporting evidence and their progress through trials to date. Furthermore, it begins to explore the potential of new transcriptomic and microarray techniques to consider the future of drug repositioning as a viable approach to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corbett
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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21
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McGeer PL, McGeer EG. The amyloid cascade-inflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer disease: implications for therapy. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:479-97. [PMID: 24052108 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis is widely accepted as the centerpiece of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. It proposes that abnormal production of beta amyloid protein (Abeta) is the cause of AD and that the neurotoxicity is due to Abeta itself or its oligomeric forms. We suggest that this, in itself, cannot be the cause of AD because demonstrating such toxicity requires micromolar concentrations of these Abeta forms, while their levels in brain are a million times lower in the picomolar range. AD probably results from the inflammatory response induced by extracellular Abeta deposits, which later become enhanced by aggregates of tau. The inflammatory response, which is driven by activated microglia, increases over time as the disease progresses. Disease-modifying therapeutic attempts to date have failed and may continue to do so as long as the central role of inflammation is not taken into account. Multiple epidemiological and animal model studies show that NSAIDs, the most widely used antiinflammatory agents, have a substantial sparing effect on AD. These studies provide a proof of concept regarding the anti-inflammatory approach to disease modification. Biomarker studies have indicated that early intervention may be necessary. They have established that disease onset occurs more than a decade before it becomes clinically evident. By combining biomarker and pathological data, it is possible to define six phases of disease development, each separated by about 5 years. Phase one can be identified by decreases in Abeta in the CSF, phase 2 by increases of tau in the CSF plus clear evidence of Abeta brain deposits by PET scanning, phase 3 by slight decreases in brain metabolic rate by PET-FDG scanning, phase 4 by slight decreases in brain volume by MRI scanning plus minimal cognitive impairment, phase 5 by increased scanning abnormalities plus clinical diagnosis of AD, and phase 6 by advanced AD requiring institutional care. Utilization of antiinflammatory agents early in the disease process remains an overlooked therapeutic opportunity. Such agents, while not preventative, have the advantage of being able to inhibit the consequences of both Abeta and tau aggregation. Since there is more than a decade between disease onset and cognitive decline, a window of opportunity exists to introduce truly effective disease-modifying regimens. Taking advantage of this opportunity is the challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L McGeer
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada,
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22
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Ye X, Tai W, Bao X, Chen X, Zhang D. FLZ inhibited γ-secretase selectively and decreased Aβ mitochondrial production in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 387:75-85. [PMID: 24071813 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-beta (Aβ) in mitochondria comes from APP mitochondrial metabolism or from the uptake Aβ from outside of mitochondria. It has been recently proposed that mitochondria are involved in the biochemical pathways through which Aβ causes neuronal dysfunction. The accumulated Aβ in mitochondria decreases the level of cytochrome c oxidase (COX IV) and attenuates the ATP production consequently. FLZ is a synthetic cyclic derivative of squamosamide from Annona glabra. In this study, the effect of FLZ on APP processing in mitochondria was investigated in SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing APP695 (wt/Swe). FLZ treatment attenuated APP processing and decreased Aβ production in mitochondria. The mitochondrial function was increased with the upregulation of COX IV both at protein and activity levels. ATP production was also increased after FLZ treatment. The mechanistic study showed that FLZ inhibited γ-secretase activity by decreasing C-terminal fragment protein level of presenilin, the active center of γ-secretase. The effect of FLZ differs from DAPT (a non-selective γ-secretase inhibitor), suggesting FLZ is a selective γ-secretase inhibitor. FLZ selectively inhibited γ-secretase in the cleavage of recombinant C terminus of APP in vitro, without specifically modulating the processing of recombinant Notch intracellular domain. These results indicate that FLZ decreases Aβ accumulation in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting γ-secretase. We propose that FLZ is a potential anti-AD drug candidate, and its mechanism may be improving mitochondrial function by reducing the Aβ burden in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
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Sozio P, Marinelli L, Cacciatore I, Fontana A, Türkez H, Giorgioni G, Ambrosini D, Barbato F, Grumetto L, Pacella S, Cataldi A, Di Stefano A. New flurbiprofen derivatives: synthesis, membrane affinity and evaluation of in vitro effect on β-amyloid levels. Molecules 2013; 18:10747-67. [PMID: 24005968 PMCID: PMC6270570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by irreversible and progressive loss of memory and cognition and profound neuronal loss. Current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD have been directed to a variety of targets with the aim of reversing or preventing the disease but, unfortunately, the available treatments often produce no significant clinical benefits. During the last decades compounds that inhibit or modulate γ-secretase, reducing β amyloid (Aβ) levels, have been considered as potential therapeutics for AD. Among these the (R)-enantiomer of flurbiprofen (FLU) seems to be very promising, but it shows low brain penetration. In this study, in order to improve the properties of FLU against Alzheimer's pathogenesis we synthesized some novel FLU lipophilic analogues. Lipophilicity of the new molecules has been characterized in terms of clogP, log K(C18/W) and log K(IAM/W) values. Permeability has been determined in both gastrointestinal PAMPA (PAMPA-GI) at different pH values and in brain blood barrier PAMPA (PAMPA-BBB) models. They were also tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro γ-secretase activity using rat CTXTNA2 astrocytes. Interestingly, the investigated molecules demonstrated to reduce Aβ 42 levels without affecting the amyloid precursor protein APP level in a clear concentrations-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Sozio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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AZ-4217: a high potency BACE inhibitor displaying acute central efficacy in different in vivo models and reduced amyloid deposition in Tg2576 mice. J Neurosci 2013; 33:10075-84. [PMID: 23761903 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1165-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aβ, the product of APP (amyloid precursor protein), has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). β-Site APP cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) is the enzyme initiating the processing of the APP to Aβ peptides. Small molecule BACE1 inhibitors are expected to decrease Aβ-peptide generation and thereby reduce amyloid plaque formation in the brain, a neuropathological hallmark of AD. BACE1 inhibition thus addresses a key mechanism in AD and its potential as a therapeutic target is currently being addressed in clinical studies. Here, we report the discovery and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of BACE1 inhibitor AZ-4217, a high potency compound (IC50 160 pM in human SH-SY5Y cells) with an excellent in vivo efficacy. Central efficacy of BACE1 inhibition was observed after a single dose in C57BL/6 mice, guinea pigs, and in an APP transgenic mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis (Tg2576). Furthermore, we demonstrate that in a 1 month treatment paradigm BACE1 inhibition of Aβ production does lower amyloid deposition in 12-month-old Tg2576 mice. These results strongly support BACE1 inhibition as concretely impacting amyloid deposition and therefore potentially an important approach for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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25
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Probst G, Aubele DL, Bowers S, Dressen D, Garofalo AW, Hom RK, Konradi AW, Marugg JL, Mattson MN, Neitzel ML, Semko CM, Sham HL, Smith J, Sun M, Truong AP, Ye XM, Xu YZ, Dappen MS, Jagodzinski JJ, Keim PS, Peterson B, Latimer LH, Quincy D, Wu J, Goldbach E, Ness DK, Quinn KP, Sauer JM, Wong K, Zhang H, Zmolek W, Brigham EF, Kholodenko D, Hu K, Kwong GT, Lee M, Liao A, Motter RN, Sacayon P, Santiago P, Willits C, Bard F, Bova MP, Hemphill SS, Nguyen L, Ruslim L, Tanaka K, Tanaka P, Wallace W, Yednock TA, Basi GS. Discovery of (R)-4-Cyclopropyl-7,8-difluoro-5-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (ELND006) and (R)-4-Cyclopropyl-8-fluoro-5-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline (ELND007): Metabolically Stable γ-Secretase Inhibitors that Selectively Inhibit the Production of Amyloid-β over Notch. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5261-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301741t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Probst
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Danielle L. Aubele
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simeon Bowers
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Darren Dressen
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Albert W. Garofalo
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Roy K. Hom
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrei W. Konradi
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Marugg
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew N. Mattson
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin L. Neitzel
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chris M. Semko
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hing L. Sham
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jenifer Smith
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Minghua Sun
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anh P. Truong
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaocong M. Ye
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ying-zi Xu
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael S. Dappen
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacek J. Jagodzinski
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pamela S. Keim
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Peterson
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lee H. Latimer
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Quincy
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erich Goldbach
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Daniel K. Ness
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Kevin P. Quinn
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - John-Michael Sauer
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Karina Wong
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Wes Zmolek
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Elizabeth F. Brigham
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Dora Kholodenko
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Kang Hu
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Grace T. Kwong
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Michael Lee
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Anna Liao
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Ruth N. Motter
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Patricia Sacayon
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Pamela Santiago
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Christopher Willits
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
| | - Frédérique Bard
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael P. Bova
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susanna S. Hemphill
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lany Ruslim
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Tanaka
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pearl Tanaka
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William Wallace
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ted A. Yednock
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Process and Analytical
Chemistry, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Lead Finding, Drug
Disposition, and Safety Evaluation, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
- Department
of In Vivo Pharmacology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080,
United States
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guriqbal S. Basi
- Department
of Biology, Elan Pharmaceuticals, 180 Oyster
Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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26
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Trippier PC, Labby KJ, Hawker DD, Mataka JJ, Silverman RB. Target- and mechanism-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: strength in numbers. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3121-47. [PMID: 23458846 PMCID: PMC3637880 DOI: 10.1021/jm3015926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathophysiologies currently stands at a crossroads. This presents an opportunity to transition future drug discovery efforts to target disease modification, an area in which much still remains unknown. In this Perspective we examine recent progress in the areas of neurodegenerative drug discovery, focusing on some of the most common targets and mechanisms: N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, and protein aggregation. These represent the key players identified in neurodegeneration and are part of a complex, intertwined signaling cascade. The synergistic delivery of two or more compounds directed against these targets, along with the design of small molecules with multiple modes of action, should be explored in pursuit of more effective clinical treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Kristin Jansen Labby
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Dustin D. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Jan J. Mataka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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27
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Inverse cancer comorbidity: a serendipitous opportunity to gain insight into CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 14:293-304. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Chen Y, Sun J, Huang Z, Liao H, Peng S, Lehmann J, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids as novel anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2462-70. [PMID: 23541836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To search for multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) agents with good safety, the previously synthesized tacrine-flurbiprofen hybrids 1a and 1b were modified into tacrine-flurbiprofen-nitrate trihybrids 3a-h. These compounds displayed comparable or higher cholinesterase inhibitory activity relative to the bivalent hybrids. Compound 3a was the most potent, which released moderate NO, exerted blood vessel relaxative activity, and showed significant Aβ inhibitory effects whereas tacrine and flurbiprofen did not exhibit any Aβ inhibitory activity at the same dose. In addition, 3a was active in improving memory impairment in vivo. More importantly, the hepatotoxicity study showed that 3a was much safer than tacrine, suggesting it might be a promising anti-AD agent for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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29
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Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Laserra S, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Di Filippo ES, Fulle S, Fontana A, Di Crescenzo A, Grilli M, Marchi M, Di Stefano A. Memantine-sulfur containing antioxidant conjugates as potential prodrugs to improve the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:187-98. [PMID: 23454012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The approved treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exploit mainly a symptomatic approach based on the use of cholinesterase inhibitors or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Natural antioxidant compounds, able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have been extensively studied as useful neuroprotective agents. A novel approach towards excitotoxicity protection and oxidative stress associated with excess β amyloid (Aβ) preservation in AD is represented by selective glutamatergic antagonists that possess as well antioxidant capabilities. In the present work, GSH (1) or (R)-α-lipoic acid (LA) (2) have been covalently linked with the NMDA receptor antagonists memantine (MEM). The new conjugates, proposed as potential antialzheimer drugs, should act both as glutamate receptor antagonists and radical scavenging agents. The physico-chemical properties and "in vitro" membrane permeability, the enzymatic and chemical stability, the demonstrated "in vitro" antioxidant activity associated to the capacity to inhibit Aβ(1-42) aggregation makes at least compound 2 a promising candidate for treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Sozio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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30
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Wu WL, Asberom T, Bara T, Bennett C, Burnett DA, Clader J, Domalski M, Greenlee WJ, Josien H, McBriar M, Rajagopalan M, Vicarel M, Xu R, Hyde LA, Del Vecchio RA, Cohen-Williams ME, Song L, Lee J, Terracina G, Zhang Q, Nomeir A, Parker EM, Zhang L. Structure activity relationship studies of tricyclic bispyran sulfone γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:844-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Niva C, Parkinson J, Olsson F, van Schaick E, Lundkvist J, Visser SAG. Has inhibition of Aβ production adequately been tested as therapeutic approach in mild AD? A model-based meta-analysis of γ-secretase inhibitor data. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:1247-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-012-1459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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γ-Secretase Modulators: Can We Combine Potency with Safety? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:295207. [PMID: 23365783 PMCID: PMC3534213 DOI: 10.1155/2012/295207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase modulation has been proposed as a potential disease modifying anti-Alzheimer's approach. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) cause a product shift from the longer amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide isoforms to shorter, more soluble, and less amyloidogenic isoforms, without inhibiting APP or Notch proteolytic processing. As such, modulating γ-secretase may avoid some of the adverse effects observed with γ-secretase inhibitors. Since the termination of the GSM tarenfurbil in 2008 due to negative phase III trial results, a considerable progress has been made towards more potent and better brain penetrable compounds. However, an analysis of their lipophilic efficiency indices indicates that their increased potency can be largely attributed to their increased lipophilicity. The need for early and chronic dosing with GSMs will require high-safety margins. This will be a challenge to achieve with the current, highly lipophilic GSMs. We will demonstrate that by focusing on the drug-like properties of GSMs, a combination of high in vitro potency and reduced lipophilicity can be achieved and does result in better tolerated compounds. The next hurdle will be to translate this knowledge into GSMs which are highly efficacious and safe in vivo.
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33
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Fuller NO, Hubbs JL, Austin WF, Creaser S, McKee TD, Loureiro RB, Tate B, Xia W, Ives JL, Findeis MA, Bronk BS. Initial Optimization of a New Series of γ-Secretase Modulators Derived from a Triterpene Glycoside. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:908-13. [PMID: 24900406 PMCID: PMC4025870 DOI: 10.1021/ml300256p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a new series of γ-secretase modulators is disclosed. Starting from a triterpene glycoside γ-secretase modulator that gave a very low brain-to-plasma ratio, initial SAR and optimization involved replacement of a pendant sugar with a series of morpholines. This modification led to two compounds with significantly improved central nervous system (CNS) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan O. Fuller
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jed L. Hubbs
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wesley F. Austin
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Timothy D. McKee
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robyn
M. B. Loureiro
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Barbara Tate
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Ives
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Brian S. Bronk
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
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34
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Corbett A, Pickett J, Burns A, Corcoran J, Dunnett SB, Edison P, Hagan JJ, Holmes C, Jones E, Katona C, Kearns I, Kehoe P, Mudher A, Passmore A, Shepherd N, Walsh F, Ballard C. Drug repositioning for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:833-46. [PMID: 23123941 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Existing drugs for Alzheimer's disease provide symptomatic benefit for up to 12 months, but there are no approved disease-modifying therapies. Given the recent failures of various novel disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials, a complementary strategy based on repositioning drugs that are approved for other indications could be attractive. Indeed, a substantial body of preclinical work indicates that several classes of such drugs have potentially beneficial effects on Alzheimer's-like brain pathology, and for some drugs the evidence is also supported by epidemiological data or preliminary clinical trials. Here, we present a formal consensus evaluation of these opportunities, based on a systematic review of published literature. We highlight several compounds for which sufficient evidence is available to encourage further investigation to clarify an optimal dose and consider progression to clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corbett
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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35
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Hubbs JL, Fuller NO, Austin WF, Shen R, Creaser SP, McKee TD, Loureiro RMB, Tate B, Xia W, Ives J, Bronk BS. Optimization of a natural product-based class of γ-secretase modulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9270-82. [PMID: 23030762 DOI: 10.1021/jm300976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of triterpene-based γ-secretase modulators is optimized. An acetate present at the C24 position of the natural product was replaced with either carbamates or ethers to provide compounds with better metabolic stability. With one of those pharmacophores in place at C24, morpholines or carbamates were installed at the C3 position to refine the physicochemical properties of the analogues. This strategy gave compounds with low clearance and good distribution into the central nervous system (CNS) of CD-1 mice. Two of these compounds, 100 and 120, were tested for a pharmacodynamic effect in the strain and lowered brain Aβ42 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed L Hubbs
- Satori Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 281 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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37
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Bischoff F, Berthelot D, De Cleyn M, Macdonald G, Minne G, Oehlrich D, Pieters S, Surkyn M, Trabanco AA, Tresadern G, Van Brandt S, Velter I, Zaja M, Borghys H, Masungi C, Mercken M, Gijsen HJM. Design and Synthesis of a Novel Series of Bicyclic Heterocycles As Potent γ-Secretase Modulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9089-106. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201710f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Bischoff
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Didier Berthelot
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel De Cleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor Macdonald
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Garrett Minne
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel Surkyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sven Van Brandt
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Velter
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mirko Zaja
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghys
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Chantal Masungi
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marc Mercken
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Harrie J. M. Gijsen
- Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators as a Disease-Modifying Approach Against Alzheimer's Disease. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396492-2.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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