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Bell LN, Singleton CR, Bell CN. Household Composition, Income, and Fast-Food Consumption among Black Women and Men. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2318-2328. [PMID: 37507635 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Black adults are more likely to consume meals from fast-food restaurants than other racial/ethnic groups with implications for disparities in dietary quality and obesity outcomes. Family and economic characteristics are associated with fast-food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the association between household composition, income, and fast-food consumption among Black women and men. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using multiplicative interaction terms and negative binomial regressions were used to assess whether household income moderated associations between number of children or older adults in the household and number of weekly fast-food meals consumed. Household composition was not associated with fast-food consumption among Black women overall. Yet, demonstrated by a significant interaction (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 3.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.59-7.32), Black women with higher household income (≥ $75,000) and multiple young children consumed more fast-food compared to women with no children in the household. In contrast, Black men with one school-aged child in the home consumed fewer weekly fast-food meals than men with no school-aged children in the home (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.93). A significant interaction between number of older adults in the household and household income ≥ $75,000 (IRR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.59-8.01) indicated that Black men with lower incomes and at least one older adult in the household consumed fewer weekly fast-food meals. These findings demonstrate that household composition and household income interact on fast-food consumption among Black women and men. Future studies should interrogate these differences, while programs and policies can be informed by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Caryn N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Surrati AMQ, Altayeb EH, Almohammadi WA, Aljohani RM, Altouri HSA, Alhawsawi RA. The measured healthy lifestyle habits among Saudi university females in Medina, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38712. [PMID: 38968502 PMCID: PMC11224813 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's health outcomes, we aim to calculate the prevalence of lifestyle habits among female populations in the College of Medicine, Taibah University including poor dietary habits, lack of physical activity (PA), poor coping with stress, and impaired sleep patterns and to find factors that are correlated to them. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi females at the College of Medicine, Taibah University, from January 1 to June 1, 2023. Data were collected through interviewing them using validated questionnaires assessing 5 different lifestyle domains. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. A total of 263 cases were interviewed. The mean age was 22 ± 8.4 years old. The average sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index of 2.6 ± 1.1, suggesting relative difficulty in sleep quality. A total of 68.6% participated in moderate PA. Dietary habits indicated a high prevalence of consumption of sweets, and fast meals, alongside low intake of fruits and vegetables. Emotional well-being, as assessed by the World Health Organization-5 questionnaire, yielded an average score of 7.8 ± 5.7, 58.9% moderate stress, and 8% high perceived stress. Adequate sleep quality is crucial for well-being, necessitating lifestyle modifications, particularly weight management, to address sleep disorders. Varied PA levels (46% meeting recommendations) highlight the need for standardized guidelines and tailored interventions. The high prevalence of unhealthy dietary habits underscores the importance of targeted nutritional interventions. Stress prevalence (40%) emphasizes the need for individualized stress management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M. Qasem Surrati
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Potvin Kent M, Bagnato M, Remedios L, Soares Guimarães J, Gillis G, Soto C, Hatoum F, Pritchard M. Child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food marketing across digital platforms in Canada. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1740. [PMID: 38951838 PMCID: PMC11218052 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents are exposed to a high volume of unhealthy food marketing across digital media. No previous Canadian data has estimated child exposure to food marketing across digital media platforms. This study aimed to compare the frequency, healthfulness and power of food marketing viewed by children and adolescents across all digital platforms in Canada. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, a quota sample of 100 youth aged 6-17 years old (50 children, 50 adolescents distributed equally by sex) were recruited online and in-person in Canada in 2022. Each participant completed the WHO screen capture protocol where they were recorded using their smartphone or tablet for 30-min in an online Zoom session. Research assistants identified all instances of food marketing in the captured video footage. A content analysis of each marketing instance was then completed to examine the use of marketing techniques. Nutritional data were collected on each product viewed and healthfulness was determined using Health Canada's 2018 Nutrient Profile Model. Estimated daily and yearly exposure to food marketing was calculated using self-reported device usage data. RESULTS 51% of youth were exposed to food marketing. On average, we estimated that children are exposed to 1.96 marketing instances/child/30-min (4067 marketing instances/child/year) and adolescents are exposed to 2.56 marketing instances/adolescent/30-min (8301 marketing instances/adolescent/year). Both children and adolescents were most exposed on social media platforms (83%), followed by mobile games (13%). Both age groups were most exposed to fast food (22% of marketing instances) compared to other food categories. Nearly 90% of all marketing instances were considered less healthy according to Health Canada's proposed 2018 Nutrient Profile Model, and youth-appealing marketing techniques such as graphic effects and music were used frequently. CONCLUSIONS Using the WHO screen capture protocol, we were able to determine that child and adolescent exposure to the marketing of unhealthy foods across digital media platforms is likely high. Government regulation to protect these vulnerable populations from the negative effects of this marketing is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Mariangela Bagnato
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | | | - Grace Gillis
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Carolina Soto
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Farah Hatoum
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan Pritchard
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
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Chinyanga E, Britwum K, Gustafson CR, Bernard JC. Did COVID-19 influence fruit and vegetable consumption? Explaining and comparing pandemic peak and post-peak periods. Appetite 2024; 201:107574. [PMID: 38909696 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, one of the worst global health crises in the last century, impacted nearly every aspect of people's lives, including their dietary choices and food consumption patterns. It arrived during a long shift in American diets featuring increasingly large portions of processed foods as well as fruit and vegetable consumption that is well below recommended levels. Improving the latter has been a key part of policymakers' efforts to improve consumers' diets. This study surveyed individuals in the US South to determine the factors influencing their consumption of fruit and vegetables during the pandemic peak and how these have changed post-peak. During the peak, food venue, demographics, and concerns about diet and the seriousness of the virus heavily affected consumption. Greater amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables were consumed post-peak pandemic. Changes post-peak were predicted by food venue. Cooking meals at home was the main positive predictor for consumption. US policymakers should try and leverage the changes since the peak to promote greater consumption of fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckton Chinyanga
- The Labry School of Science, Technology, and Business, Cumberland University, Lebanon, TN, USA.
| | - Kofi Britwum
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | | | - John C Bernard
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females? Nutrients 2024; 16:1931. [PMID: 38931285 PMCID: PMC11206548 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18-30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18-30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. RESULTS The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Amini H, Meskarpour-Amiri M, Hosseini MS, Farjami M, Ashtari S, Vahedian-Azimi A, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Correlation between socio-demographic characteristics, metabolic control factors and personality traits with self-perceived health status in patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:797-808. [PMID: 38932851 PMCID: PMC11196552 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the relationship between metabolic control factors, socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits, and self-perceived health status in diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study included 318 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes (DM). Participants completed a questionnaire-based survey, which included the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised to measure five personality dimensions and the SF-12 survey to assess self-perceived health status. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the data, with socio-demographic characteristics, clinical data, and nutrition status as independent variables, and self-perceived health status (categorized as poor or good condition) as the dependent variable. Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between personality traits (high vs. low) and metabolic control factors (good control vs. bad control) with health status scores. Results 60.7% of the participants with diabetes in the study described their health as "good." The results indicated that female gender (OR: 0.314, 95%CI: 0.105-0.938, P = 0.038), age > 60 years (OR: 0.263, 95%CI: 0.117-0.592, P = 0.001), comorbidities (OR: 0.314, 95%CI: 0.178-0.556, P = 0.001), DM complications (OR: 0.531, 95%CI: 0.337-0.838, P = 0.007), diabetic neuropathy (OR: 0.562, 95%CI: 0.356-0.886, P = 0.013), and diabetic ulcer (OR: 0.130, 95%CI: 0.023-0.747, P = 0.022) were independent variables associated with a "poor" health status. However, regular physical activity (OR: 3.144, 95%CI: 1.209-8.175, P = 0.019) and a healthy nutritional diet (OR: 2.456, 95%CI: 1.421-4.245, P < 0.001) were associated with a higher likelihood of a "good" self-perceived health status. Conclusion Preventive programs and interventions aimed at improving self-perceived health among patients with diabetes should focus on increasing regular physical activity and promoting a healthy nutritional status. These actions should be particularly targeted towards female and older patients with higher neuroticism traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Amini
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Farjami
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ashtari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rummo PE, Kanchi R, Adhikari S, Titus AR, Lee DC, McAlexander T, Thorpe LE, Elbel B. Influence of the food environment on obesity risk in a large cohort of US veterans by community type. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:788-797. [PMID: 38298108 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine relationships between the food environment and obesity by community type. METHODS Using electronic health record data from the US Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk (VADR) cohort, we examined associations between the percentage of supermarkets and fast-food restaurants with obesity prevalence from 2008 to 2018. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with random effects and interaction terms for year and food environment variables. We stratified models by community type. RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 59.8 (SD = 16.1) years; 93.3% identified as men; and 2,102,542 (41.8%) were classified as having obesity. The association between the percentage of fast-food restaurants and obesity was positive in high-density urban areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.033; 95% CI: 1.028-1.037), with no interaction by time (p = 0.83). The interaction with year was significant in other community types (p < 0.001), with increasing odds of obesity in each follow-up year. The associations between the percentage of supermarkets and obesity were null in high-density and low-density urban areas and positive in suburban (OR = 1.033; 95% CI: 1.027-1.039) and rural (OR = 1.007; 95% CI: 1.002-1.012) areas, with no interactions by time. CONCLUSIONS Many healthy eating policies have been passed in urban areas; our results suggest such policies might also mitigate obesity risk in nonurban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rania Kanchi
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samrachana Adhikari
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea R Titus
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David C Lee
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tara McAlexander
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA
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García Bulle Bueno B, Horn AL, Bell BM, Bahrami M, Bozkaya B, Pentland A, de la Haye K, Moro E. Effect of mobile food environments on fast food visits. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2291. [PMID: 38480685 PMCID: PMC10937966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor diets are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to low-quality food environments saturated with fast food outlets is hypothesized to negatively impact diet. However, food environment research has predominantly focused on static food environments around home neighborhoods and generated mixed findings. In this work, we leverage population-scale mobility data in the U.S. to examine 62M people's visits to food outlets and evaluate how food choice is influenced by the food environments people are exposed to as they move through their daily routines. We find that a 10% increase in exposure to fast food outlets in mobile environments increases individuals' odds of visitation by 20%. Using our results, we simulate multiple policy strategies for intervening on food environments to reduce fast-food outlet visits. This analysis suggests that optimal interventions are informed by spatial, temporal, and behavioral features and could have 2x to 4x larger effect than traditional interventions focused on home food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail L Horn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Burçin Bozkaya
- Sabanci Business School, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alex Pentland
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Esteban Moro
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Department of Mathematics and GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Spain.
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Mittal A, Rustagi N, Thirunavukkarasu P, Ghosh S, Raghav P. Improving adolescents' dietary behavior through teacher-delivered cancer prevention education: a school-based cluster randomized intervention trial in urban Rajasthan. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:630. [PMID: 38413917 PMCID: PMC10900637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary practices are one of the most common modifiable risk factors for cancers. Foods rich in dietary fibers are considered protective, meanwhile fast & junk foods are risk for common cancers. Adolescence period is marked by habit formation and is thus suited for delivering behavioral intervention. Schools offer an optimal setting for planning and executing these interventions to a large number of adolescents. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a teacher-delivered cancer-prevention education in changing dietary behaviors of school going adolescents. METHODS A cluster randomized trial was conducted in government secondary and senior secondary schools with schools as clusters. A minimum required sample of 1032 students was estimated from 16 schools with 1:1 allocation in intervention and non-intervention groups. Dietary behaviors were recorded as dichotomous variable. The determinants were recorded as per theory of planned behavior framework using Likert-scale. Two teachers from each intervention school were trained to deliver cancer prevention education with focus on role of dietary behavior. Pre-post training assessment of teachers' knowledge towards common cancers was done using a self-administered questionnaire. Gender adjusted difference-in-difference analysis was done to assess intervention effect on both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. RESULTS In selected schools all students from classes 8 to 10 were approached and a total of 1224 students were enrolled, of whom 1096 completed the study. The study recorded significant improvement in scores of students from intervention group compared to non-intervention group for their attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention towards consuming healthy and avoiding unhealthy foods. The intervention was effective in significantly improving the proportion of students limiting fried/fast/packed food & sugar sweetened beverages (OR:1.51, 95%CI:1.08,2.12,p:0.017), and consuming fruits & vegetables daily (OR:1.55, 95%CI:1.08,2.22, p:0.017) while adjusting effect of gender. CONCLUSION Classroom-based cancer prevention education delivered through teachers during regular working hours is effective in improving dietary behaviors and its determinants among adolescent students. Thus, we recommend integrating a section focusing on the role of diet in cancer prevention and other lifestyle diseases in the existing school curriculum. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered under Clinical Trial Registry-India with registration number CTRI/2018/12/016586, dated-10/12/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mittal
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeti Rustagi
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Prasanna Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics, St Johns Medical College, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
| | - Pankaja Raghav
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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French ML, Christensen JT, Estabrooks PA, Hernandez AM, Metos JM, Marcus RL, Thorpe A, Dvorak TE, Jordan KC. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Bilingual Nutrition Education Program in Partnership with a Mobile Health Unit. Nutrients 2024; 16:618. [PMID: 38474746 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There are limited reports of community-based nutrition education with culinary instruction that measure biomarkers, particularly in low-income and underrepresented minority populations. Teaching kitchens have been proposed as a strategy to address social determinants of health, combining nutrition education, culinary demonstration, and skill building. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of Journey to Health, a program designed for community implementation using the RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework. Reach and effectiveness were the primary outcomes. Regarding reach, 507 individuals registered for the program, 310 participants attended at least one nutrition class, 110 participants completed at least two biometric screens, and 96 participants attended at least two health coaching appointments. Participants who engaged in Journey to Health realized significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, and triglycerides. For higher risk participants, we additionally saw significant improvements in total and LDL cholesterol. Regarding dietary intake, we observed a significant increase in cups of fruit and a decrease in sugar sweetened beverages consumed per day. Our findings suggest that Journey to Health may improve selected biometrics and health behaviors in low-income and underrepresented minority participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L French
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua T Christensen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra M Hernandez
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julie M Metos
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robin L Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Alistair Thorpe
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Theresa E Dvorak
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristine C Jordan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Noormal AS, Winkler V, Bhusari SB, Horstick O, Louis VR, Deckert A, Antia K, Wasko Z, Rai P, Mocruha AF, Dambach P. Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2024; 15:20406223241229850. [PMID: 38362254 PMCID: PMC10868487 DOI: 10.1177/20406223241229850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and increasingly so in low- and middle-income countries. Afghanistan is dealing with a double burden of diseases, yet there has been no evidence synthesis on the prevalence of major NCDs and their risk factors. Objective This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing data on the prevalence of major NCDs and the common related risk factors in Afghanistan. Method We systematically reviewed scientific articles from 2000 to 2022 that reported the prevalence of diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or cancer, and their risk factors in Afghanistan. Four online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar) and two local journals in Afghanistan (not indexed online) were systematically searched and screened. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the quality of the articles. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using tabulated sheets. Results Among 51 eligible articles, 10 (19.6%) focused on cancer, 10 (19.6%) on diabetes, 4 (7.8%) on CVDs, 4 (7.8%) on CRDs and 23 (45.1%) on risk factors as the primary outcome. Few articles addressed major NCD prevalence; no evidence of CVDs, cancer was 0.15%, asthma ranged between 0.3% and 17.3%, and diabetes was 12%. Pooled prevalence of hypertension and overweight were 31% and 35%, respectively. Central obesity was twice as prevalent in females (76% versus 40%). Similarly, gender differences were observed in smoking and snuff use with prevalence rates of 14% and 25% among males and 2% and 3% among females, respectively. A total of 14% of the population engaged in vigorous activity. Pooled prevalence for physical inactivity, general obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption couldn't be calculated due to the heterogeneity of articles. Conclusion Only little evidence is available on the prevalence of major NCDs in Afghanistan; however, the NCD risk factors are prevalent across the country. The quality of the available data, especially those of the local resources, is poor; therefore, further research should generate reliable evidence in order to inform policymakers on prioritizing interventions for controlling and managing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Siyar Noormal
- Ministry of Public Health, Sehat-e-Ama Square, Wazir Akbar khan Road, 1001, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Horstick
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Khatia Antia
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zahia Wasko
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pratima Rai
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Dambach
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Ciobanu D, Porojan M, Bala C, Zah AM, Oroian I, Roman G, Rusu A. Lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, and social determinants of social and eating jetlag: A cross-sectional survey. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:248-258. [PMID: 38153101 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2298700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Social jetlag (SJL) and, more recently, eating jetlag have been linked with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Here we aim to investigate lifestyle factors (diet, eating behavior, smoking, perceived stress, time spent sedentary/day) and social determinants (education level, employment status, and place of residence) associated with SJL corrected for sleep duration (SJLsc) and eating jetlag. Self-declared data on age, gender, lifestyle, and eating behavior were collected online from March 2021 to February 2022 of 432 adults. Principal component analysis was used to extract three dietary patterns (Prudent, Western, and Risky). Prevalence of SJLsc was 35.2%, with no significant difference between men and women (p = 0.558). Adults with SJLsc had significantly larger eating jetlag (56.0 min vs 41.2 min, p = 0.001). Increasing SJLsc duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Risky dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .165, p = 0.012); increasing eating jetlag duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Western dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .127, p = 0.039) and a shorter sleep duration (standardized βcoefficient = -0.147, p = 0.011). Among social determinants analyzed, only being a student or employed was associated with eating jetlag (standardized β coefficient = 0.125, p = 0.044), while none displayed any relationship with SJLsc. Our survey provides evidence on a risky behavior among young persons with SJLsc and eating jetlag, characterized by a higher alcohol consumption, and a diet rich in processed meat and high-fat food, eating during nights, and shorter sleep duration with potential long-term negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ciobanu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Porojan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Zah
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Oroian
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Diabetes Center, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Hajmir MM, Shiraseb F, Hosseininasab D, Aali Y, Hosseini S, Mirzaei K. The mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the relationship between the NOVA classification system and obesity phenotypes among obese and overweight adult women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226162. [PMID: 38162517 PMCID: PMC10754978 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and inflammation both play important roles in the occurrence of obesity. We aimed to investigate the role of inflammation in the development of both metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included 221 overweight and obese women aged 18-56 years. The study assessed the metabolic health phenotypes of the participants using the Karelis criterion score. Additionally, dietary intakes were evaluated using a 147-item semi-quantitative questionnaire and the NOVA classification system (comprising 37 food groups and beverages). The study also collected and analyzed the blood parameters, as well as biochemical and anthropometric indices, for all participants. Results Among the women included in the study, 22.9% had MHO phenotypes but 77.1% had MUHO phenotypes. A significant association between the third quartile of the NOVA classification system and the increased likelihood of having the MUHO phenotype was observed (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09-4.92, p = 0.04). Regarding the potential role of inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p = 0.84), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (p = 0.50), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (p = 0.49), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p = 0.97), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.92) were found to be mediators. Conclusion We observed a significant positive association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the MUHO phenotype in overweight and obese women. This association appeared to be mediated by some inflammatory markers, such as hs-CRP, TGF-β, MCP-1, PAI-1, and HOMA-IR. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Mehri Hajmir
- Students’ Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Horn AL, Bell BM, Bulle Bueno BG, Bahrami M, Bozkaya B, Cui Y, Wilson JP, Pentland A, Moro E, de la Haye K. Population mobility data provides meaningful indicators of fast food intake and diet-related diseases in diverse populations. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:208. [PMID: 37968446 PMCID: PMC10651929 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of food environments people are exposed to, such as the density of fast food (FF) outlets, can impact their diet and risk for diet-related chronic disease. Previous studies examining the relationship between food environments and nutritional health have produced mixed findings, potentially due to the predominant focus on static food environments around people's homes. As smartphone ownership increases, large-scale data on human mobility (i.e., smartphone geolocations) represents a promising resource for studying dynamic food environments that people have access to and visit as they move throughout their day. This study investigates whether mobility data provides meaningful indicators of diet, measured as FF intake, and diet-related disease, evaluating its usefulness for food environment research. Using a mobility dataset consisting of 14.5 million visits to geolocated food outlets in Los Angeles County (LAC) across a representative sample of 243,644 anonymous and opted-in adult smartphone users in LAC, we construct measures of visits to FF outlets aggregated over users living in neighborhood. We find that the aggregated measures strongly and significantly correspond to self-reported FF intake, obesity, and diabetes in a diverse, representative sample of 8,036 LAC adults included in a population health survey carried out by the LAC Department of Public Health. Visits to FF outlets were a better predictor of individuals' obesity and diabetes than their self-reported FF intake, controlling for other known risks. These findings suggest mobility data represents a valid tool to study people's use of dynamic food environments and links to diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Horn
- Information Sciences Institute and Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Burçin Bozkaya
- Sabanci Business School, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yan Cui
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Wilson
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Pentland
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Esteban Moro
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Matemáticas & GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Institute for Food System Equity, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Kollányi Z, Bálint L, Susovits K, Csépe P, Kovács K. Inequalities in Diabetes Mortality Between Microregions in Hungary. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606161. [PMID: 38024213 PMCID: PMC10643225 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Regional differences in diabetes mortality are high in Hungary. In our cross-sectional study, we aim to reveal the drivers of the inequalities in diabetes mortality across the 197 microregions of Hungary. To account for the influence of changes in healthcare and social conditions, we compared two periods (2009-12 and 2013-16). Methods: Traditional and re-conceptualized deprivation- and healthcare provison measures were used in OLS regression models. Results: Microregions with a high proportion of population living in "service deserts," especially in regard to the lack of grocery stores, suffer the highest rates of diabetes mortality. Alcohol-related mortality has been proven to be a similarly and surprisingly strong predictor of diabetes mortality. Conclusion: Food provision should be supported in areas characterized by low service density, and alcohol policy should be strengthened and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Kollányi
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Bálint
- Hungarian Demographic Research Institute (HDRI), Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Susovits
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (Hungary), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csépe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kovács
- Hungarian Demographic Research Institute (HDRI), Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Liu B, Liu X, Sun C, Zhuo Z, Wei S, Liu Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Tian Y, Kang N, Hou J, Wang C. Association of at-home and out-of-home eating frequency with the estimated 10-year arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2929-2938. [PMID: 37405440 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insufficient evidence currently exists regarding the relationship between eating frequency and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the association of at-home eating (AHE) and out-of-home eating (OHE) frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk. METHODS A total of 23,014 participants were included from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to acquire data on the frequency of OHE and AHE. The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was evaluated by logistic regression. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate whether BMI mediated the association of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk. RESULTS The adjusted OR and 95% CI of 10-year ASCVD risk for participants who ate out 7 or more times a week was 2.012 (1.666, 2.429) compared with participants who had OHE 0 times. Compared to those who had AHE ≤ 11 times, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for the participants eating every meal at home (21 times) was 0.611 (0.486, 0.769). The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was mediated by BMI, and the proportion of BMI explained was 25.3% and 36.6%. CONCLUSIONS The OHE frequency was associated with increased 10-year ASCVD risk, while AHE was related to decreased 10-year ASCVD risk, and BMI may play a partial mediating role in the relationship. Implementing health promotion strategies that promote AHE and discourage frequent OHE may prove to be an effective approach to preventing and controlling ASCVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 (2015-07-06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhuo
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouzheng Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Eisenberg DM, Pacheco LS, McClure AC, McWhorter JW, Janisch K, Massa J. Perspective: Teaching Kitchens: Conceptual Origins, Applications and Potential for Impact within Food Is Medicine Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:2859. [PMID: 37447185 PMCID: PMC10343805 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to identify innovative strategies whereby individuals, families, and communities can learn to access and prepare affordable and nutritious foods, in combination with evidence-based guidance about diet and lifestyle. These approaches also need to address issues of equity and sustainability. Teaching Kitchens (TKs) are being created as educational classrooms and translational research laboratories to advance such strategies. Moreover, TKs can be used as revenue-generating research sites in universities and hospitals performing sponsored research, and, potentially, as instruments of cost containment when placed in accountable care settings and self-insured companies. Thus, TKs can be considered for inclusion in future health professional training programs, and the recently published Biden-Harris Administration Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition and Health echoes this directive. Recent innovations in the ability to provide TK classes virtually suggest that their impact may be greater than originally envisioned. Although the impact of TK curricula on behaviors, outcomes and costs of health care is preliminary, it warrants the continued attention of medical and public health thought leaders involved with Food Is Medicine initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Eisenberg
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (L.S.P.); (K.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (L.S.P.); (K.J.); (J.M.)
| | | | | | - Kate Janisch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (L.S.P.); (K.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Massa
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (L.S.P.); (K.J.); (J.M.)
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18
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Potvin Kent M, Soares Guimaraes J, Pritchard M, Remedios L, Pauzé E, L'Abbé M, Mulligan C, Vergeer L, Weippert M. Differences in child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television in a self-regulatory environment. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:555. [PMID: 36959572 PMCID: PMC10037770 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and beverage promotion is a contributor to children's dietary behaviours, and ultimately, downstream health consequences. Broadcast television remains an important source of such advertising. The objective of this study was to examine and compare children and adolescent's exposure to food advertising on television in Canada over an entire year in a self-regulatory environment. METHODS Television advertising data for 57 selected food and beverage categories were licensed from Numerator for 36 stations in Toronto, for 2019. The estimated average number of advertisements viewed by children aged 2-11 and adolescents aged 12-17 was determined overall, by food category, and by marketing technique. The healthfulness of advertisements was also assessed using Health Canada's Nutrient Profile Model. RESULTS Overall in 2019, children viewed 2234.4 food ads/person/yr while adolescents viewed 1631.7 ads, exposure for both groups stemmed primarily from stations with general appeal, and both age groups were exposed to a range of powerful marketing techniques. Exposure to advertising for restaurants, snacks, breakfast food and candy and chocolate was high among both age groups and the healthfulness of most advertised products was considered poor. Adolescents were exposed to 36.4% more food products classified as unhealthy, had higher exposure to all marketing techniques examined, and were exposed to substantially more child-related marketing techniques compared to children. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents were heavily exposed to food advertisements on television in 2019. Despite current self-regulatory policies, children's exposure to unhealthy food and beverages remains high. Differences in exposure to food advertisements by food category and healthfulness may suggest that adolescents are being disproportionately targeted by food companies as a result of self-regulatory marketing restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Julia Soares Guimaraes
- School of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Meghan Pritchard
- School of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Elise Pauzé
- School of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary L'Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Mulligan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Vergeer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Madyson Weippert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Kobayashi M, Pattarathitwat P, Pongprajakand A, Kongkaew S. Association of normal weight obesity with lifestyle and dietary habits in young Thai women: A cross-sectional study. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100055. [PMID: 37990747 PMCID: PMC10661982 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The risk of lifestyle-related diseases in normal weight obesity (NWO), a condition, in which the body mass index (BMI) is normal but the body fat mass is high, has attracted a lot of attention. However, there are no reports on the association between NWO and lifestyle, eating habits, and other health risks in Thai people. BMI alone cannot be used to identify individuals with NWO; thus, some students with NWO develop metabolic abnormalities without receiving any intervention. This study aimed to examine the differences in anthropometrics, lifestyle, and eating habits among young Thai women and their association with the BMI and the body fat ratio (BFR). Methods A total of 250 female Thai university students of normal body type (18.5 ≤ BMI<25.0 kg/m2) were classified as having non-normal weight obesity (NO-NWO) if their BFR was <30.0% or NWO if their BMI and BFR were >30.0%. The lifestyle and eating habits of the two groups were compared. We conducted logistic analysis with the presence or absence of NWO as the dependent variable, and the dietary habit items of "eating greasy foods," "eating ultra-processed foods (UPF)," and "drinking sweetened beverages" as the objective variables. Results Among the study participants who were of normal body type, 46.8% were NWO. The participants in the NWO group consumed UPF more frequently (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; p = 0.014) and sweetened beverages more regularly (OR, 1.92, p = 0.041) than those in the NO-NWO group. Conclusion UPF and sweetened beverage consumption was more common in individuals with NWO. Identifying the risk factors for NWO is essential to help individuals make lifestyle changes to prevent its progression and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minatsu Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Paponpat Pattarathitwat
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Apidech Pongprajakand
- Faculty of Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi 39 Moo 1, Klong 6, Khlong Luang Pathum, Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Sikaret Kongkaew
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, 202 Chang Phueak Rd, Chang Phueak, Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand
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The Interplay of Dietary Fibers and Intestinal Microbiota Affects Type 2 Diabetes by Generating Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051023. [PMID: 36900540 PMCID: PMC10001013 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods contain dietary fibers which can be classified into soluble and insoluble forms. The nutritional composition of fast foods is considered unhealthy because it negatively affects the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Dietary fiber is resistant to digestive enzymes in the gut, which modulates the anaerobic intestinal microbiota (AIM) and fabricates SCFAs. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate are dominant in the gut and are generated via Wood-Ljungdahl and acrylate pathways. In pancreatic dysfunction, the release of insulin/glucagon is impaired, leading to hyperglycemia. SCFAs enhance insulin sensitivity or secretion, beta-cell function, leptin release, mitochondrial function, and intestinal gluconeogenesis in human organs, which positively affects type 2 diabetes (T2D). Research models have shown that SCFAs either enhance the release of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from L-cells (entero-endocrine), or promotes the release of leptin hormone in adipose tissues through G-protein receptors GPR-41 and GPR-43. Dietary fiber is a component that influences the production of SCFAs by AIM, which may have beneficial effects on T2D. This review focuses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber in producing SCFAs in the colon by the AIM as well as the health-promoting effects on T2D.
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Sekgala MD, Opperman M, Mpahleni B, Mchiza ZJR. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome in taxi drivers: A focus on street food. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112975. [PMID: 36908907 PMCID: PMC9996058 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, similar to other populous countries, the taxi industry is an important form of transportation that contributes to the country's development. As a result, minibus taxi driving is an occupation characterized by strenuous activities such as long hours of driving, limited rest, and challenges related to securing passengers, among several others. Consequently, to combat stress, some commercial drivers resort to smoking, overeating unhealthy food sold at transportation interchange areas (i.e., taxi ranks), and participating in sedentary behaviors. Most of these activities are risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that predispose South African taxi drivers who work in the Cape Town Metropole area to the risk of developing MetS. Methods This cross-sectional study used a convenient sampling method that included 185 male minibus taxi drivers aged 20 years or above. The participants were interviewed using a validated questionnaire to gather information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle practices. They also underwent physical and metabolic assessments, and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose people with MetS. Results Overall, the mean age and driving experience of the taxi drivers were 40.0 years (SD: 10.7) and 9.1 years (SD: 7.4), respectively, with those with MetS being significantly older and having more driving experience than those without. Older participants were 3 and 2.9 times more likely to be diagnosed with MetS than the younger participants. Most taxi drivers (70%) met the IDF diagnostic criteria for MetS. Smokers, those who spent more than 100 ZAR (USD 5.9) and those who spent less than 1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity were 1.96, 2.0, and 13.6 times more likely to suffer from MetS that those who were nonsmokers, those who spent less than 100 ZAR and those who spent <1.4 MET-minutes per week on physical activity. Consumption of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), as well as takeaway and fried foods, snacks, and sold by the SF vendors, increased the likelihood of developing MetS, abnormal HDL-C, TG, and hypertension, while avoiding takeaway and fried foods decreased this likelihood. Taxi drivers who also avoided consuming fresh fruits had abnormal HDL-C. Conclusion These findings have significant public health implications, highlighting the need for South African policymakers to adopt a system-level approach to promote lifestyle changes among taxi drivers within the taxi industry. This can help reduce the health risks faced by these drivers and improve their overall health profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machoene Derrick Sekgala
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Human and Social Capabilities, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maretha Opperman
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Buhle Mpahleni
- Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Seale E, de Groh M, Greene-Finestone L. Fast food consumption in adults living in Canada: alternative measurement methods, consumption choices, and correlates. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:163-171. [PMID: 36322952 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Global industries and technological advancements have contributed to the proliferation of fast food (FF) establishments and ultraprocessed food, associated with poorer diet quality and health outcomes. To investigate FF as an indicator, we compared alternative methods to capture self-reported FF consumption and examined associated socio-demographic factors. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2014-2015 Foodbook study, a cross-sectional survey on foods consumed by Canadians during the previous week. An embedded randomized design compared alternative FF intake questions of varying details. A total of 6062 participants aged 18+ were included, representing 24.7 million Canadian adults. Approximately 48% consumed FF in the past week, and of FF consumers, average frequency was twice. Asking broadly about FF intake without examples resulted in significantly lower reported FF intake compared with the two more detailed questions; the latter two were not significantly different. Burgers, pizza, and submarines/sandwiches were most commonly consumed. Men, younger age, higher BMI, women in central Canada (versus territorial regions), and men with income $30 000-$80 000 (versus >$80 000) were associated with higher FF consumption. Consumption of FF is common among Canadians; some associated factors are gender-specific. Further research examining FF as an indicator, and individual and societal implications of FF consumption, is recommended to inform programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Seale
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Linda Greene-Finestone
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Bezares N, McClain AC, Tamez M, Rodriguez-Orengo JF, Tucker KL, Mattei J. Consumption of Foods Away from Home Is Associated with Lower Diet Quality Among Adults Living in Puerto Rico. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:95-108.e10. [PMID: 35738537 PMCID: PMC9763551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming foods away from home (FAFH) is ubiquitous, yet, it is unclear how it influences diet in diverse populations. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the association between frequency and type of consumption of FAFH and diet quality. DESIGN The study had a cross-sectional design. Participants self-reported the frequency of consuming FAFH as "rarely" (≤1 time per week) vs "frequently" (≥2 times per week) at various commercial establishments or noncommercial FAFH (ie, friends' or relatives' homes). PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were adults (aged 30 through 75 years) from the PRADLAD (Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases) study conducted in San Juan, Puerto Rico metro area (n = 239) in 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A validated food frequency questionnaire captured dietary intake. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 defined diet quality. Secondary outcomes included whether participants met 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for sodium, added sugars, saturated fat, dietary fiber, total energy, and alcohol. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Linear or logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, employment, income, education, and food insufficiency tested differences in mean Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores or odds of meeting (vs not meeting) intake recommendations by FAFH type and frequency. RESULTS Overall, 54.4% and 37.2% of participants reported consuming commercial FAFH and noncommercial FAFH "frequently," respectively. Consuming FAFH "frequently" (vs "rarely") was associated with lower mean Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores for both commercial FAFH (57.92 vs 63.58; P = .001) and noncommercial FAFH (56.22 vs 62.32; P < .001). Consuming commercial FAFH "frequently" (vs "rarely") at any type of food establishment was associated with lower odds of meeting the dietary fiber Dietary Reference Intakes (odds ratio 0.43; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.81). Consuming noncommercial FAFH "frequently" was associated with lower odds of meeting recommendations for sodium (odds ratio 0.30; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.79) and added sugars (odds ratio 0.41; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Frequent consumption of FAFH is associated with lower diet quality and lower adherence to dietary recommendations in Puerto Rico. Future studies should explore whether diet quality can be improved by prioritizing healthy at-home meals and reformulating the quality of commercial FAFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Bezares
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Amanda C. McClain
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Martha Tamez
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
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M. Sabur A, A Alsharief L, A. Amer S. Determinants of Healthy Food Consumption and the Effect of Saudi Food Related Policies on the Adult Saudi Population, a National Descriptive Assessment 2019. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia (SA) is a country with an advanced nutritional transition, so this study aims to measure the prevalence of healthy food consumption and its context, and to study the effect of Saudi Arabia's policies on the pattern of food consumption among inhabitants in SA. Through an online self-administered and validated questionnaire, the cross-sectional study recruited 590 randomly chosen adult Saudis who were stratified to represent the 20 health regions in KSA. Ethical approval was obtained for this work. The relevant tests were used to code and analyze the collected data. Of the 590 participants, 50.2% were males, with a mean ± SD age of 35.6±10.52 year.43.2% of the participants did not meet the Ministry of Health recommendation in any food group, while only 1.53% consumed the recommended amounts of all food groups. 47.8% of the participants did not perform any physical activity. 34.7% of participants prefer healthy food, 18.8% prefer unhealthy food, and 46.5% prefer both. Most Saudis do not comply with the national dietary guidelines’ recommendations, they are physically inactive, and they use social media in a way that affects their food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Sabur
- 1Preventive Medicine Resident, Health Surveillance Center, Ministry of Health(MOH),Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (KSA)
| | | | - Samar A. Amer
- 3Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University, Egypt
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Tareq AM, Mahmud MH, Billah MM, Hasan MN, Jahan S, Hossain MM, Chy FJ, Uddin MG, Emran TB, Sayeed MA. Fast-food and obesity: Status among the young adult population in Bangladesh. NARRA J 2022; 2:e86. [PMID: 38449906 PMCID: PMC10914027 DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v2i3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Increasing rate of fast-food consumption has been associated with different health related concerns (e.g., obesity, heart disease). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fast-food consumption among young adult students in Chittagong, Bangladesh, and to assess the association of fast-food consumption with obesity. A total of 440 youth was included using a systemic random sampling from universities and colleges in Chittagong in order to perform a cross-sectional analysis. The students who reported frequent fast-food consumption (1-3 times per week) accounted for 30.5% (n=134) of the sample, while 32.5% (n=143) of participants reported consuming fast- food 8-15 times per month. There was a significant (p=0.030) difference between students who consumed and did not consume fast-food. Youth who reported consuming fast-food and soft drinks more than 4 times per week constituted 35.0% (n=154), followed by approximately 27.7% (n=122) who consumed these items 1-3 times per week. In addition, an obesity epidemic was observed among those who reported low levels of physical exercise or lack of sleep. The study illustrates that Bangladeshi youth face an increasing risk of becoming overweight and obese. Prevention is regarded as the most effective way to reduce the prevalence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu M. Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
| | - Md. Motashen Billah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mohotasin Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
| | - Farhana J. Chy
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
| | - Md. Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A. Sayeed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong,Bangladesh
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Wolfson JA, Musicus AA, Leung CW, Gearhardt AN, Falbe J. Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2248320. [PMID: 36574248 PMCID: PMC9857560 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is increasing interest in strategies to encourage more environmentally sustainable food choices in US restaurants through the use of menu labels that indicate an item's potential impact on the world's climate. Data are lacking on the ideal design of such labels to effectively encourage sustainable choices. OBJECTIVE To test the effects of positive and negative climate impact menu labels on the environmental sustainability and healthfulness of food choices compared with a control label. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial used an online national US survey conducted March 30 to April 13, 2022, among a nationally representative sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) from the AmeriSpeak panel. Data were analyzed in June to October 2022. INTERVENTIONS Participants were shown a fast food menu and prompted to select 1 item they would like to order for dinner. Participants were randomized to view menus with 1 of 3 label conditions: a quick response code label on all items (control group); green low-climate impact label on chicken, fish, or vegetarian items (positive framing); or red high-climate impact label on red meat items (negative framing). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was an indicator of selecting a sustainable item (ie, one without red meat). Secondary outcomes included participant health perceptions of the selected item and the Nutrition Profile Index (NPI) score of healthfulness. RESULTS Among 5049 participants (2444 female [51.6%]; 789 aged 18-29 years [20.3%], 1532 aged 30-44 years [25.9%], 1089 aged 45-59 years [23.5%], and 1639 aged ≥60 years [30.4%]; 142 Asian [5.3%], 611 Black [12.1%], and 3197 White [63.3%]; 866 Hispanic [17.2%]), high- and low-climate impact labels were effective at encouraging sustainable selections from the menu. Compared with participants in the control group, 23.5% more participants (95% CI, 13.7%-34.0%; P < .001) selected a sustainable menu item when menus displayed high-climate impact labels and 9.9% more participants (95% CI, 1.0%-19.8%; P = .03) selected a sustainable menu item when menus displayed low-climate impact labels. Across experimental conditions, participants who selected a sustainable item rated their order as healthier than those who selected an unsustainable item, according to mean perceived healthfulness score (control label: 3.4 points; 95% CI, 3.2-3.5 points vs 2.5 points; 95% CI, 2.4-2.6 points; P < .001; low-impact label: 3.7 points; 95% CI, 3.5-3.8 points vs 2.6 points; 95% CI, 2.5-2.7 points; P < .001; high-impact label: 3.5 points; 95% CI, 3.3-3.6 points vs 2.7 points; 95% CI, 2.6-2.9 points; P < .001). Participants in the high-climate impact label group selected healthier items according to mean (SE) NPI score (54.3 [0.2] points) compared with those in the low-climate impact (53.2 [0.2] points; P < .001) and control (52.9 [0.3] points; P < .001) label groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This randomized clinical trial's findings suggest that climate impact menu labels, especially negatively framed labels highlighting high-climate impact items (ie, red meat), were an effective strategy to reduce red meat selections and encourage more sustainable choices. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05482204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Wolfson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aviva A. Musicus
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy W. Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Jennifer Falbe
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
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Supples MW, Glober NK, Lardaro TA, Mahler SA, Stopyra JP. Emergency Medical Services Clinicians Have a High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2022; 27:449-454. [PMID: 36260778 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2022.2138655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and increased all-cause mortality. Data examining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians are limited.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of EMS clinicians and firefighters from three fire departments with transport-capable EMS divisions. Data were collected from compulsory annual physical exams for 2021 that included age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and hemoglobin A1c level. These data were used to determine the prevalence of meeting metabolic syndrome criteria. We calculated descriptive statistics of demographics, anthropometrics, and metabolic syndrome criteria for EMS clinicians and firefighters. We used chi-square tests to compare the proportion of EMS clinicians and firefighters meeting criteria for the whole group and among age groups of <40 years old, 40 to 59 years old, and ≥60 years old. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of meeting criteria in EMS clinicians compared to firefighters, adjusted for age, sex, race, and BMI.Results: We reviewed data for 65 EMS clinicians and 239 firefighters. For the combined cohort, 13.2% (40/304) were female and 95.1% (289/304) were White. The median age for EMS clinicians was 34 years versus 45 years in firefighters (p < 0.0001). Metabolic syndrome criteria were met in 27.3% (83/304) of the entire group. The prevalence of meeting criteria among EMS clinicians and firefighters was 33.9% (22/65) and 25.5% (61/239), respectively (p = 0.18). Of the participants who were younger than age 40, 36.6% (15/41) of EMS clinicians versus 9.1% (7/74) of firefighters met criteria for metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001). EMS clinicians had significantly higher odds of meeting criteria [OR 4.62 (p = 0.001)] compared to firefighters when adjusted for age, sex, race, and BMI.Conclusion: EMS clinicians had a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome at an early age, and had a higher adjusted odds of having metabolic syndrome compared to firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Supples
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nancy K Glober
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas A Lardaro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Simon A Mahler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.,Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.,Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jason P Stopyra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Dietary Risk Factors and Eating Behaviors in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810814. [PMID: 36142725 PMCID: PMC9504787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary risk factors play a fundamental role in the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis and PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease). The impact of nutrition, however, defined as the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair, remains undefined with regard to PAD. This article describes the interplay between nutrition and the development/progression of PAD. We reviewed 688 articles, including key articles, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies. We analyzed the interaction between nutrition and PAD predictors, and subsequently created four descriptive tables to summarize the relationship between PAD, dietary risk factors and outcomes. We comprehensively reviewed the role of well-studied diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, low-carbohydrate ketogenic and intermittent fasting diet) and prevalent eating behaviors (emotional and binge eating, night eating and sleeping disorders, anorexia, bulimia, skipping meals, home cooking and fast/ultra-processed food consumption) on the traditional risk factors of PAD. Moreover, we analyzed the interplay between PAD and nutritional status, nutrients, dietary patterns and eating habits. Dietary patterns and eating disorders affect the development and progression of PAD, as well as its disabling complications including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Nutrition and dietary risk factor modification are important targets to reduce the risk of PAD as well as the subsequent development of MACE and MALE.
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Wang C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Guo L, Wang B, Zuo H. Dietary Patterns in Association With Hypertension: A Community-Based Study in Eastern China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926390. [PMID: 35873413 PMCID: PMC9305172 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and hypertension based on a community–based survey in Suzhou, Eastern China.MethodsThis cross–sectional analysis was undertaken from the subset of the Suzhou Food Consumption and Health State Survey in 2018–2019. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were invited to participate in this survey. Dietary intake was collected by a 24–h dietary recall and a weighing method over three consecutive days (including two weekdays and one weekend day). Dietary patterns were defined using factor analysis. Association between the dietary patterns and hypertension was examined by multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for covariates. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was used to reinforce our findings.ResultsA total of 2,718 participants were included in the final analysis. Rice-vegetable pattern, fast food pattern, fruit-dairy pattern, and wheat-meat pattern were identified. We observed that the fruit-dairy pattern was inversely associated with hypertension after adjustment for all the covariates (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.75; P = 0.002). The association between the wheat-meat pattern and hypertension was attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant in sensitivity analyses. The other two patterns were not significantly associated with hypertension (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe fruit-dairy pattern was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults. Our findings further emphasize the important role of optimal diet combination in the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Disease Prevention and Health Care, Soochow University Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Wang
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hui Zuo
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Cohen JFW, Posluszny H, Falbe J, Mueller MP, Gearhardt AN, Leung CW, Wolfson JA. Restaurant dining during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults with low-income in the United States. Appetite 2022; 173:105976. [PMID: 35245643 PMCID: PMC8885442 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread non-essential business closures in the U.S., which may have disproportionately impacted food consumption in lower-income communities, in part due to reduced access to healthy and affordable foods, as well as occupations that may have required working outside the home. The aims of this study were to examine restaurant dining behaviors (including drive-through, takeout, and delivery) at fast-food and non-fast-food (i.e., fast casual and full-service ['other']) restaurants and the impact on diet quality among racially/ethnically diverse low-income adults during the early months of the pandemic. Participants completed an online survey using CloudResearch regarding restaurant dining behaviors in the past week (during June 2020) and during a typical week prior to the pandemic. Diet quality was measured using the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS). Surveys from 1,756 low-income adults (incomes <250% of the Federal Poverty Level) were analyzed using chi-squared tests to examine differences in demographic characteristics among those dining at restaurants during the pandemic, as well as to examine differences in dining frequency compared with prior to COVID-19. Negative binomial regressions were used to examine the mean frequency of eating food from fast-food and other restaurants, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics. This study found reductions in fast-food and other restaurant dining compared with prior to COVID-19, although overall restaurant consumption remained high with over half of participants reporting fast-food consumption in the week prior (average consumption of twice per week). Greater fast-food consumption was associated with poorer diet quality. In conclusion, while fast-food consumption was slightly lower during the pandemic, the overall high levels observed among socioeconomically disadvantaged adults remains concerning, highlighting the continued need for initiatives and policies to encourage greater access to and consumption of affordable and healthier foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F W Cohen
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike Street, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Hannah Posluszny
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Megan P Mueller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1571 Campus Dr, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Disorders in Polish Adults with Multiple Sclerosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091927. [PMID: 35565893 PMCID: PMC9104558 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a major role in the aetiopathogenesis of many neurological diseases and may exacerbate their symptoms by inducing the occurrence of metabolic disorders. The results of research on the role of diet in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) are ambiguous, and there is still no consensus concerning dietary recommendations for patients with MS. The aim of this study was to analyse the dietary patterns (DPs) of patients with MS and to assess the relationships between these DPs and the metabolic disorders. The study participants were comprised of 330 patients aged 41.9 ± 10.8 years. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data related to diet, lifestyle and health. The DPs were identified using a principal component analysis (PCA). Three DPs were identified: Traditional Polish, Prudent and Fast Food & Convenience Food. An analysis of the odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, smoking and education showed that a patient’s adherence to the Traditional Polish and the Fast Food & Convenience Food DPs increased the likelihood of abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol concentration. Conversely, adherence to the Prudent DP was not significantly associated with any metabolic disorder. The results of this study confirmed that an unhealthy diet in patients with MS is connected with the presence of some metabolic risk factors. There is also an urgent need to educate patients with MS on healthy eating, because the appropriate modifications to their diet may improve their metabolic profile and clinical outcomes.
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Khairani AF, Pamela Y, Oktavia N, Achadiyani A, Adipraja MY, Zhafira PY, Shalannandia WA, Atik N. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) yogurt in mice (Mus musculus). Vet World 2022; 15:789-796. [PMID: 35497941 PMCID: PMC9047126 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.789-796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Food safety is an important aspect to be evaluated in preventing any potentially harmful side effects of food product such as yogurt. The purple sweet potato yogurt product was developed to combine the benefits of probiotic activities in yogurt and the bioactive effects of anthocyanin in purple sweet potato. This study was performed to investigate acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of purple sweet potato yogurt (PSPY) in mice. Materials and Methods: Acute oral toxicity was evaluated by a 14-day observation for any clinical sign of toxicity on fifteen female balb/c mice following a single dosage of PSPY (nil, 2 or 5 g/kg body weight). The sub-chronic oral toxicity study was conducted by feeding PSPY to four groups of mice with the dose of 0, 12, 20, and 40 g/kg body weight for 28 days, and another group of mice receiving 40 g/kg body weight purple sweet potato for 14 days longer to observe any delayed toxicity effect. Body weight and clinical signs of toxicity were observed daily. Liver and kidney macroscopy and relative organ weight, liver histology, liver enzyme, and hematology profile analyses were done at the end of the study. Results: There were no signs of toxicity observed from the acute toxicity study and no abnormality in body weight, relative organ weight, and gross organ examination. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, there were no clinical signs of toxicity, no significant differences in body weight, relative liver weight, liver enzymes, hematology profile, or abnormality in gross and histological examination of the liver. Conclusion: This study shows that oral administration of PSPY in mice up to 5 g/kg body weight did not result in acute toxicity, while the dosage up to 40 g/kg body weight did not lead to sub-chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Feinisa Khairani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yunisa Pamela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biology Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nandina Oktavia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Achadiyani Achadiyani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - M. Yusuf Adipraja
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Prita Yasri Zhafira
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Widad Aghnia Shalannandia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
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Mahmudiono T, Abihail CT, Priambudi DA, Elkarima E, Megatsari H, Indriani D, Yoga GP. The Effect of Online Order Development on Fast Food, Vegetable, and Fruit Consumption Behavior on Students in Surabaya. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Technology development causes easy access to various sectors, including ordering food online. Fast food is one of the foods that many people reviewed in online applications that are high in fat with a density of 40% of total calories. Meanwhile, the consumption of vegetables and fruits of Indonesia’s people is still inadequate; only 63.3% consume as recommended. These things will undoubtedly increase the body mass index (BMI) and increase the risk of overweight and obesity. This study aims to analyze the impact of online order development on fast food, vegetables, and fruits consumption behavior on students in Surabaya. This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 317 students in Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia. The online survey collected data through online platforms, SurveyMonkey. Data were analyzed in statistical software SPSS 25.0 using multivariate binomial linear regression test. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Regression analysis shows that the habit of ordering boba drinks with a weekly frequency has a significant relationship with the incidence of overweight/obesity in respondents (p = 0.015; OR = 3.037; 95% CI (1.236-7.462)) when compared to respondents who have the habit of ordering and consuming boba drinks every month. Consumption habits of boba drink are associated with higher body mass index (BMI), increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. A policy from the government and related parties is needed to regulate boba consumption limits for the community.
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Law C, Smith R, Cornelsen L. Place matters: out-of-home demand for food and beverages in Great Britain. FOOD POLICY 2022; 107:102215. [PMID: 37766773 PMCID: PMC7615131 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Fiscal policies to influence consumption of food and beverages are increasing globally. Most food demand studies focus on understanding consumer response in the context of food and beverages consumed at home. Yet food and beverages consumed outside of the home play an increasing part in our diets, and demand elasticities for these settings are crucial for assessing the potential impact of such fiscal measures on promoting healthier diets. Utilising a large out-of-home food purchase dataset from Great Britain in 2016-17, this paper analyses the demand for seven food groups across four outlet types, including restaurants, fast-food outlets, food retails and other outlets. We use a demand system approach to estimate price and expenditure elasticites of demand, along with procedures to account for censoring, expenditure and price endogeneity. Our results indicate substantial variations in consumer responses across outlet types. Demand for main meals is expenditure and price elastic in restaurants but inelastic in fast-food outlets. For sugary drinks, the demand is generally price elastic except in fast food outlets. These differences across outlet types highlight the complexity in studying out-of-home food and beverage consumption and the importance of accounting for where consumers buy from when designing, implementing and evaluating consumer responses to fiscal measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Law
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
| | | | - Laura Cornelsen
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
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Association between Dietary Habits and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yangon, Myanmar: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111056. [PMID: 34769575 PMCID: PMC8582904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Myanmar, the escalating prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance among adults was recently reported, with the highest prevalence in the Yangon Region. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors in dietary habits and their relationship with T2DM in urban Myanmar residents. We conducted a case–control study recruiting 300 individuals aged 25–74 years living in the Yangon Region, consisting of 150 newly diagnosed cases attending a diabetes clinic, and 150 controls, who were community residents and free of diabetes. The case group had a significantly higher consumption of noodles, fish, beans, fermented food and pickles, dried food, topping seasonings, and non-dairy milk products than the control group, whereas they had a lower vegetable intake (more than three servings/day) and fruit intake (more than three servings/day) than the control group. Furthermore, the case group exhibited a higher frequency of some dietary behaviors than the control group, such as (1) having meals with family, (2) skipping breakfast, and (3) eating out. The final model showed that topping seasonings (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.08–40.90), more than three servings/day of vegetable intake (aOR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.67), and having meals with family (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.05–4.71) were associated with diabetes. The study suggests that Myanmar’s characteristic dietary culture of topping their meals with salty seasonings and sauces and eating multiple dishes together as a family are risk factors associated with T2DM. Our findings may contribute recommendations and opportunities for the primary prevention of T2DM in urban Myanmar.
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Sobhani SR, Mortazavi M, Kazemifar M, Azadbakht L. The association between fast-food consumption with cardiovascular diseases risk factors and kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 13:241-249. [PMID: 34630973 PMCID: PMC8493224 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fast food consumption (FFC) has been raised as a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcomes and renal function disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the association between FFC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and renal function among patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 randomly enrolled patients with DN. A validated 168 food items food frequency questionnaire was used for measuring FFC. Weight, waist,height, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), hs-CRP, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and lipid profile concentrations were measured. Generalized linear model analysis of covariance was used to compare means of BP, biochemical and anthropometric factors across tertiles of FFC adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The mean weekly intakes of fast food were 130 ± 60 grams. Patients in the highest compared to the lowest tertiles of FFC were more likely to be overweight and obese, had higher levels of creatinine, SBP, and DBP in the unadjusted model (P < 0.05). In the adjusted models, DN patients in the highest vs lowest tertiles of FFC had higher levels of SBP and DBP (P = < 0.001). Conclusion: Higher consumption of fast food is associated with higher levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in DN patients. The present study observed no significant differences between the highest versus the lowest tertiles of FFC for waist, FBS, HbA1C, serum creatinine, BUN, hs-CRP, and lipid profile concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Reza Sobhani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemifar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dunn CG, Gao KJ, Soto MJ, Bleich SN. Disparities in Adult Fast-Food Consumption in the U.S. by Race and Ethnicity, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:e197-e201. [PMID: 34412945 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study provides the most recent estimates for fast-food consumption in the U.S., overall and by race/ethnicity and age. METHODS Data from adults (aged ≥20 years, N=3,560) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2018, were used to identify the (1) percentage of adults consuming fast food, (2) estimated mean percentage of calories consumed from fast food, and (3) estimated mean total calories consumed from fast food on a typical day. Intake was measured by in-person, 24-hour dietary recall. Analysis was conducted in 2020. RESULTS During 2017-2018, fast food was consumed by 36.5% of adults on a typical day, accounting for 13.8% of daily calories, an average of 309 kcal/day. More non-Hispanic Black adults consumed fast food (42.6%), consumed the largest percentage of daily calories from fast food (17.4%), and consumed the greatest number of daily calories from fast food (381 kcal/day) than adults of other racial/ethnic groups. Young non-Hispanic Black adults had the highest level of fast-food consumption, and this was significantly higher than that among Mexican Americans: percentage consuming fast food (53.5% vs 42.5%, p=0.02) and percentage of calories from fast food (24.1% vs 16.8%, p=0.03). Young non-Hispanic Black adults consumed the highest total fast-food calories, which were significantly higher than that among non-Hispanic Asian young adults (526 kcal vs 371 kcal, p=0.04). No significant differences in the study outcomes were observed by race/ethnicity and age compared with non-Hispanic White adults of the same group. CONCLUSIONS Fast-food consumption among adults in the U.S. is high, particularly among young non-Hispanic Black adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Dunn
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katie J Gao
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J Soto
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara N Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Zamora-Kapoor A, Hebert LE, Montañez M, Buchwald D, Sinclair K. Risk Factors in Adolescence for the Development of Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension in American Indian and Alaskan Native Adults. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:717-724. [PMID: 33247795 PMCID: PMC8160022 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To examine risk factors for elevated blood pressure and hypertension in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), compared to three other ethnic groups in the US. Weighted relative risk regression models, stratified by race/ethnicity, were used to measure the associations between risk factors and elevated blood pressure and hypertension in AI/ANs, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. In all groups, females had a lower risk of both elevated blood pressure and hypertension than males. Increasing body mass index raised hypertension risk in all groups. In AI/ANs, financial instability increased the risk of hypertension by 88% (95% CI: 1.27-2.77), but not in other groups. No other statistically significant associations were found. Future interventions should include socio-economic factors in efforts to prevent hypertension in AI/ANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zamora-Kapoor
- Departments of Sociology and Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Luciana E Hebert
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Montañez
- Department of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ka'imi Sinclair
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Love DC, Turvey C, Harding J, Young R, Ramsing R, F Tlusty M, Fry JP, Nguyen L, Asche F, Nussbaumer EM, Thorne-Lyman AL, Bloem M. Nutrition and origin of US chain restaurant seafood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1546-1555. [PMID: 33693458 PMCID: PMC8168351 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seafood has a nutritional profile that can be beneficial to human health, which gives it a role to play in healthy diets. In addition, because its production and harvesting can have fewer environmental impacts than some forms of animal protein, it can contribute to sustainable diets. However, the positive health and environmental outcomes are not guaranteed-they depend on how seafood is prepared and served and whether it is sourced from sustainable fisheries and aquaculture industries. OBJECTIVES We examined the availability and nutritional attributes of seafood meals at chain restaurants in the United States. We assessed nutritional attributes by store type and geography. We also assessed menu labeling for species, production methods, and origin. METHODS The study population was 159 chain restaurants with 100,948 branch locations in the United States. Data were harvested from online restaurant menus, and the nutritional profile of seafood meals was calculated. RESULTS The average seafood menu item provides up to 49-61% of the total daily limit of saturated fat, 65% of the total daily limit of sodium, and 58-71% of total daily protein requirement for adult men and women. Restaurant chains located in the Deep South and Ohio River Valley, and casual dining chains nationally, carry seafood meals with more total calories and saturated fat per 100 g than other regions or chain types. Most menu items did not list origin or production methods, which is information that would help consumers make informed decisions. CONCLUSIONS The added ingredients and cooking methods used at chain restaurants can attenuate the health benefits of seafood. We recommend reformulating menus to reduce portion sizes, total calories, added fat, and sodium content per meal and to improve consumer-facing information about origin and production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Turvey
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jamie Harding
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Young
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Ramsing
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jillian P Fry
- Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Ly Nguyen
- Food Systems Institute and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Frank Asche
- Food Systems Institute and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Industrial Economics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Bloem
- Center for a Livable Future, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Doxey RS, Krug MF, Tivis R. The Lunch Conference Diet: Fostering Resident Engagement in Culinary Medicine Through a Curriculum Centered on Changes to Provided Conference Food. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:249-255. [PMID: 34025315 DOI: 10.1177/1559827621994499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the burden of chronic disease attributable to lifestyle, most internal medicine residents do not receive adequate training in nutrition and nutrition counseling. METHODS We held a culinary medicine workshop in September 2018, followed by didactic sessions throughout the academic year. Changes were made to lunch conference food to more closely follow the Mediterranean diet and to encourage healthy eating. With a modified NUTCOMP (Nutrition Competence Questionnaire) instrument, we assesses residents' perceived competence with nutrition counseling before and after the curriculum. RESULTS Twenty-six of 30 residents completed the pre-curriculum and post-curriculum surveys (not the same 26). The mean NUTCOMP score increased from 3.5 to 4.0 (P < .0001), indicating an increased perceived competence with nutritional counseling. Residents felt that nutritional counseling was important before and after the curriculum (4.2 to 4.3, P = .48). Conference food was more nutritious at the end of the intervention (Mediterranean diet score range 1-4 to 4-7) and residents enjoyed the food more. CONCLUSIONS An innovative, multimodal nutrition curriculum centered on changes to catered lunch conference food improved resident's confidence with nutritional counseling. This could feasibly be integrated into other residency programs with supportive leadership and adequate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond S Doxey
- University of Washington-Boise VA Internal Medicine Residency, Boise, Idaho
| | - Michael F Krug
- University of Washington-Boise VA Internal Medicine Residency, Boise, Idaho
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Alkhalidy H, Orabi A, Alzboun T, Alnaser K, Al-Shami I, Al-Bayyari N. Health-Risk Behaviors and Dietary Patterns Among Jordanian College Students: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:632035. [PMID: 34055850 PMCID: PMC8160432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.632035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Health promotion and the incorporation of health-protective behaviors in people's lifestyles have a great role in enhancing individuals' overall health and well-being. College students are at increased risk of developing unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to assess the health-risk behaviors among undergraduate college students at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Methods: The final sample included 136 students, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.37 years, mostly females (69%). A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection about dietary and lifestyle behaviors among college students. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, body weight classifications, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary patterns and intake, and eating behaviors. Results: Most of the students did not meet the daily recommendations for fruit (76%) and vegetable (82%) intake. Males were significantly consuming fast food more frequently (p = 0.019), and smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) or hookah (p = 0.015) more frequently than did females. Further, the majority met the recommendations for physical activity (81%), but exceeded recommendations for sedentary behavior. Females were more likely to have normal weight or be underweight (OR = 4.865), to have a fear of weight gain (OR = 3.387), and to have the recommended sleeping hours (OR = 7.685) than were males. Conclusion: The results indicate the health-risk behaviors and the gender-related differences among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aliaa Orabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara Alzboun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khadeejah Alnaser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nahla Al-Bayyari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Amson A, Remedios L, Pinto A, Potvin Kent M. Exploring the extent of digital food and beverage related content associated with a family-friendly event: a case study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:621. [PMID: 33785003 PMCID: PMC8011127 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to unhealthy food and beverage content is a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic. Youth are susceptible to unhealthy digital food marketing including content shared by their peers, which can be as influential as commercial marketing. Current Canadian regulations do not consider the threat digital food marketing poses to health. No research to date has examined the prevalence of food related posts on social media surrounding family-friendly events. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of food related content (including food marketing) and the marketing techniques employed in social media posts related to a family-friendly event in Canada. Methods In this case study, a content analysis of social media posts related to a family-friendly event on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram was conducted between January to February 2019. Each post containing food related content was identified and categorized by source and food category using a coding manual. Marketing techniques found in each food related post were also assessed. Results A total of 732 food and beverage related posts were assessed. These posts were most commonly promoted through Instagram (n = 561, 76.6%) with significantly more individual users (61.5%; p < 0.05) generating food and beverage related content (n = 198, 27%) than other post sources. The top most featured food category was fast food (n = 328, 44.8%) followed by dine-in restaurants (n = 126, 17.2%). The most frequently observed marketing techniques included predominantly featuring a child in the post (n = 124, 16.9%; p < 0.0001), followed by products intended for children (n = 118, 16.1%; p < 0.05), and the presence of family (n = 57, 7.8%; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The present study highlights the proliferation of unhealthy food and beverage content by individuals at a family-friendly event as well as the presence of food marketing. Due to the unfettered advertising found in digital spaces, and that they are largely unregulated, it is important for future policies looking to combat childhood obesity to consider incorporating social media into their regulations to safeguard family-friendly events. General awareness on the implications of peer to peer sharing of unhealthy food and beverage posts should also be considered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10716-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Amson
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Adena Pinto
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7K4, Canada.
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Akhigbe R, Ajayi A. The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:23. [PMID: 33639960 PMCID: PMC7916299 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an alteration in the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant buffering capacity, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD). At physiological levels, ROS functions as signalling mediators, regulates various physiological functions such as the growth, proliferation, and migration endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC); formation and development of new blood vessels; EC and SMC regulated death; vascular tone; host defence; and genomic stability. However, at excessive levels, it causes a deviation in the redox state, mediates the development of CMD. Multiple mechanisms account for the rise in the production of free radicals in the heart. These include mitochondrial dysfunction and uncoupling, increased fatty acid oxidation, exaggerated activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), reduced antioxidant capacity, and cardiac metabolic memory. The purpose of this study is to discuss the link between oxidative stress and the aetiopathogenesis of CMD and highlight associated mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of obesity and dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension via various mechanisms associated with ROS-led inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Gholizadeh E, Ayremlou P, Nouri Saeidlou S. The association between dietary pattern and coronary artery disease: A case-control study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:294-302. [PMID: 33510878 PMCID: PMC7828759 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dietary patterns are an important factors in the progress of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: A case-control study was carried on 550 participants. Food expenditure was collected using a validated 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple logistic regressions was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of CAD.
Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: the "Quasi-Western Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of sweets and desserts, snacks, legumes, honey or jam, ketchup, mayonnaise, yellow vegetables, potatoes, red meat, refined grains; the "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of sugar, soft drinks, fast foods, high-fat dairy, hydrogenated fats, and the "Quasi-Mediterranean Pattern" was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, nuts, coffee. In both sexes, the "Quasi-Western Pattern" and the "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" were positively associated with the risk of CAD. For "Quasi-Western Pattern", adjusted-ORs were (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.99-1.83, P = 0.05) and (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.83, P = 0.03)for men and women respectively. The ORs were for "Sugar and Fast foods Pattern" (OR: 3.64, 95% CI:2.25-5.89, P < 0.001) and (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.42-6.63, P < 0.001) for men and women respectively.There was a significant inverse relationship among "Quasi-Mediterranean pattern" and CAD in the crude model in women (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89, P = 0.0.004).
Conclusion: High adherence to the "Quasi-Western Pattern" and "Sugar-Fast foods Pattern" dietary patterns were associated with a higher risk of CAD. The "Quasi-Mediterranean pattern" reduced the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Gholizadeh
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parvin Ayremlou
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Lee SY, Kim J, Oh S, Kim Y, Woo S, Jang HB, Lee HJ, Park SI, Park KH, Lim H. A 24-week intervention based on nutrition care process improves diet quality, body mass index, and motivation in children and adolescents with obesity. Nutr Res 2020; 84:53-62. [PMID: 33218692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Higher motivation could support to lead behavioral change for obese children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a nutrition care process (NCP)-based intervention targeted on diet and weight status in moderate to severe obese children and adolescents in Korea. One hundred four subjects (mean age: 10.95 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥97th percentile of age-sex) participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into a usual care group (UG) and a nutrition group (NG). All participants underwent nutrition education 6 times. The NG received individual access and continuous monitoring and setting goals with respect to nutritional problems. Consumption of high-calorie, low-nutrient (HCLN) food was significantly decreased (P < .05) and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score also increased with respect to sodium (P < .001). The total self-efficacy score was increased from 9.15 to 10.14 points (P < .01). After 24 weeks, the BMI-z-score decreased from 2.27 to 2.19 in the NG (P < .05); however, no group difference was found. BMI-z-score was negatively associated with self-efficacy (β = -0.03, P < .019). NCP-based intervention might be helpful to solve dietary problems by enhancing self-efficacy and lower BMI-z-score in moderately to severely obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Seulki Oh
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea.
| | - YoonMyung Kim
- University College, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
| | - Sarah Woo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Han Byul Jang
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Sang Ick Park
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28159, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, South Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Athavale P, Khadka N, Roy S, Mukherjee P, Chandra Mohan D, Turton B(B, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228629. [PMID: 33233797 PMCID: PMC7699964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In India, globalization has caused a nutrition transition from home-cooked foods to processed sugary snacks and drinks, contributing to increased early childhood caries (ECC). This mixed-methods study describes risk factors for ECC and associations with undernutrition in low-income communities in Mumbai. Interviews with mothers of 959 children, ages six-months through six-years, addressed maternal-child nutrition and oral health, and children received dental exams and anthropometric assessments. Focus groups with community health workers and mothers explored experiences and perceptions of oral health, nutrition, and ECC. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses of quantitative data, and content analysis of qualitative data were performed. Eighty percent of children lived 5 min from a junk-food store, over 50% consumed junk-food and sugary tea daily, 50% experienced ECC, 19% had severe deep tooth decay, 27% experienced mouth pain, and 56% experienced chronic and/or acute malnutrition. In children ages 3–6, each additional tooth with deep decay was associated with increased odds of undernutrition (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.10, Confidence Interval [CI] 1.02–1.21). Focus groups identified the junk-food environment, busy family life, and limited dental care as contributors to ECC. Policy interventions include limits on junk-food marketing and incorporating oral health services and counseling on junk-food/sugary drinks into maternal–child health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Athavale
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (N.K.); (S.R.); (D.C.M.); (K.S.-G.)
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(408)-647-0477
| | - Nehaa Khadka
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (N.K.); (S.R.); (D.C.M.); (K.S.-G.)
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shampa Roy
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (N.K.); (S.R.); (D.C.M.); (K.S.-G.)
| | | | - Deepika Chandra Mohan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (N.K.); (S.R.); (D.C.M.); (K.S.-G.)
| | | | - Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA; (N.K.); (S.R.); (D.C.M.); (K.S.-G.)
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Scott J, Silva S, Simmons LA. Social Adversity, Sleep Characteristics, and Elevated Blood Pressure Among Young Adult Black Females. Health Equity 2020; 4:421-429. [PMID: 33111027 PMCID: PMC7585615 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We examined whether sleep characteristics and adverse social exposures were associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in young adult black women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of existing data from 581 black females who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Adverse social exposures included child abuse, discrimination, perceived stress, social isolation, and subjective social status. Self-reported sleep characteristics were measures of duration, latency, continuity, and snoring. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of social exposures and sleep characteristics on BP. Results: Among the women (mean age=29.1 years), 32.4% had elevated BP (≥130 systolic or ≥80 diastolic). In adjusted analysis, poor sleep continuity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07–2.70) and discrimination (aOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.00–2.58) were associated with higher odds of elevated BP, while more social isolation (aOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.48–0.99) was associated with lower odds of elevated BP. Conclusion: Poor sleep continuity and experiencing discrimination may represent key risk factors for hypertension in young black females. Unexpectedly, being more isolated was associated with lower BP. Future research should examine how to adapt current paradigms and measures of social connectedness, isolation, and stress to better elucidate the impact of these factors on the long-term health of young black females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Scott
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Silva
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Simmons
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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de Morais Junior AC, Schincaglia RM, Passarelli M, Pimentel GD, Mota JF. Acute Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Supplementation Alters Postprandial Lipids after a Fast-Food Meal in Healthy Young Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092533. [PMID: 32825556 PMCID: PMC7551107 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat fast-food meal negatively impacts postprandial metabolism even in healthy young people. In experimental studies, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive compound present in green tea, has been described as a potent natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects of acute EGCG supplementation on postprandial lipid profile, glucose, and insulin levels following a high-fat fast-food meal. Fourteen healthy young women 21 ± 1 years and body mass index 21.4 ± 0.41 kg/m2 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants ingested capsules containing 800 mg EGCG or placebo immediately before a typical fast-food meal rich in saturated fatty acids. Blood samples were collected at baseline and then at 90 and 120 min after the meal. The EGCG treatment attenuated postprandial triglycerides (p = 0.029) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p = 0.016) at 120 min. No treatment × time interaction was found for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and glucose or insulin levels. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose was decreased by EGCG treatment (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in the iAUC for triglycerides and HDL-c. In healthy young women, acute EGCG supplementation attenuated postprandial triglycerides and glucose but negatively impacted HDL-c following a fast-food meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcides C. de Morais Junior
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.C.d.M.J.); (R.M.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Raquel M. Schincaglia
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.C.d.M.J.); (R.M.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM 10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo 01504-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D. Pimentel
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.C.d.M.J.); (R.M.S.); (G.D.P.)
| | - João F. Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (A.C.d.M.J.); (R.M.S.); (G.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(62)-3209-6270
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Caceres BA, Markovic N, Edmondson D, Hughes TL. Sexual Identity, Adverse Life Experiences, and Cardiovascular Health in Women. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020; 34:380-389. [PMID: 31246631 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse life experiences (ALE; eg, discrimination and sexual abuse) may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in sexual minority women (SMW), but few studies have tested whether ALE explain the association of sexual identity with cardiovascular health (CVH) markers in women. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine sexual identity differences in CVH among women and the role of ALE. METHODS In the Epidemiologic Study of Risk in Women, we used multinomial logistic regression to assess sexual identity differences (SMW vs heterosexual women [reference group]) in CVH markers (ideal vs poor, intermediate vs poor) using the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metric and the total score. Next, we tested whether the association of sexual identity with the total CVH score was attenuated by traditional CVD risk factors or ALE. RESULTS The sample consisted of 867 women (395 heterosexual, 472 SMW). Sexual minority women were more likely to have experienced discrimination (P < .001) and lifetime sexual abuse (P < .001) than heterosexual women. Sexual minority women were also less likely to meet ideal CVH criteria for current tobacco use (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.73) or intermediate CVH criteria for body mass index (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.92). Sexual minority women had a lower cumulative CVH score (B [SE] = -0.35 [0.14], P < .01) than heterosexual women. This difference was not explained by traditional CVD risk factors or ALE. CONCLUSIONS Smoking, body mass index, and fasting glucose accounted for much of the CVH disparity due to sexual identity, but those differences were not explained by ALE. Health behavior interventions tailored to SMW should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Caceres
- Billy A. Caceres, PhD, RN, AGPCNP-BC Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York. Nina Markovic, PhD Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine. Donald Edmondson, PhD Associate Professor of Behavioral Medicine (in Medicine and Psychiatry), Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Tonda L. Hughes, PhD, RN, FAAN Henrik H. Bendixen Professor of International Nursing (in Psychiatry), Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York
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Russo R, Li Y, Chong S, Siscovick D, Trinh-Shevrin C, Yi S. Dietary policies and programs in the United States: A narrative review. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101135. [PMID: 32551216 PMCID: PMC7289763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
School-based and youth targeted programs and policies were most frequently studied. Research has rather neglected older adult, Asian, Native Hawaiian and American Indian populations. Despite existing research indicating effectiveness, faith-based were understudied.
Prior reviews describing approach, methodological quality and effectiveness of dietary policies and programs may be limited in use for practitioners seeking to introduce innovative programming, or academic researchers hoping to understand and address gaps in the current literature. This review is novel, assessing the “where, who, and in whom” of dietary policies and programs research in the United States over the past decade – with results intended to serve as a practical guide and foundation for innovation. This study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019. Papers were selected through a tailored search strategy on PubMed as well as citation searches, to identify grey literature. A total of 489 papers were relevant to our research objective. The largest proportion of papers described school-based strategies (31%) or included economic incentives (19%). In papers that specified demographics, the study populations most often included children, adults and adolescents (54%, 46%, and 42% respectively); and White, Black and Hispanic populations (77%, 76% and 70%, respectively). Results highlight opportunities for future research within workplace and faith-based settings, among racial/ethnic minorities, and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienna Russo
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Population Health Science and Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stella Chong
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, Center for Health Innovation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stella Yi
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, New York, NY, United States
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