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Liu S, Wu C, Xiao S, Liu Y, Song Y. Optimizing young tennis players' development: Exploring the impact of emerging technologies on training effectiveness and technical skills acquisition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307882. [PMID: 39110745 PMCID: PMC11305591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The research analyzed the effect of weekly training plans, physical training frequency, AI-powered coaching systems, virtual reality (VR) training environments, wearable sensors on developing technical tennis skills, with and personalized learning as a mediator. It adopted a quantitative survey method, using primary data from 374 young tennis players. The model fitness was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model fitness was confirmed through CFA, demonstrating high fit indices: CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.913, IFI = 0.924, RMSEA = 0.057, and SRMR = 0.041, indicating a robust model fit. Hypotheses testing revealed that physical training frequency (β = 0.198, p = 0.000), AI-powered coaching systems (β = 0.349, p = 0.000), virtual reality training environments (β = 0.476, p = 0.000), and wearable sensors (β = 0.171, p = 0.000) significantly influenced technical skills acquisition. In contrast, the weekly training plan (β = 0.024, p = 0.834) and personalized learning (β = -0.045, p = 0.81) did not have a significant effect. Mediation analysis revealed that personalized learning was not a significant mediator between training methods/technologies and acquiring technical abilities. The results revealed that physical training frequency, AI-powered coaching systems, virtual reality training environments, and wearable sensors significantly influenced technical skills acquisition. However, personalized learning did not have a significant mediation effect. The study recommended that young tennis players' organizations and stakeholders consider investing in emerging technologies and training methods. Effective training should be given to coaches on effectively integrating emerging technologies into coaching regimens and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shurong Xiao
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingdong Song
- Department of Physical Education and Military Education, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Xianghu Town, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Sayyadi P, Minoonejad H, Seidi F, Shikhhoseini R, Arghadeh R. The effectiveness of fatigue on repositioning sense of lower extremities: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:35. [PMID: 38311746 PMCID: PMC10840207 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An injury can significantly harm both individual and team performance. One of the most important risk factors for sports-related injuries, especially non-collision injuries, is fatigue. It seems that poor proprioception may play an essential role to impose athletes to further injuries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness of fatigue on the repositioning sense of the lower extremity joints. METHOD The electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to 11January 2024. The obtained records were exported to the EndNote Software version 8. Then, two investigators examined the records independently to find eligible studies based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In the case of disagreements, a consequence method was utilized. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated using the Downs and Black checklist. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software ver. 3 software was used for statistical analysis. Q-test and I2 were employed to examine the data homogeneity. In addition, considering the risk of bias, the Funnel Plot and trim-and-fill method were used. RESULTS After reviewing the titles and abstracts of 3883 studies found in the selected databases, 43 articles were found to be eligible to include in meta-analyses. The results showed that fatigue led to a significant increase in the active absolute error of the knee (SDM = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.406-0.841), ankle in the horizontal plane (SDM = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.367-0.715), ankle in the sagittal plane (SDM = 0.443, 95% CI = 0.088-0.798), and hip (SDM = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.135-1.841). However, fatigue had no significant effects on the passive absolute error of the knee and ankle in horizontal plane and relative angular error of the knee. CONCLUSION Fatigue can diminish the active joint position sense of the lower extremities and thus may increase the risk of injury by reducing proprioception. Therefore, future research could be conducted to investigate the potential impact of integrated fatigue-mitigating exercises into athletes' training programs, with the aim of reducing the incidence of sports-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sayyadi
- Department of Sports injury and biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Department of Sports injury and biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and health, University of Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Foad Seidi
- Department of Sports injury and biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and health, University of Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Shikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise and Sports Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Arghadeh
- Department of Sports injury and biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences and health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Cavaggioni L, Gilardini L, Croci M, Formenti D, Merati G, Bertoli S. The usefulness of Integrative Neuromuscular Training to counteract obesity: a narrative review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:22-32. [PMID: 37775520 PMCID: PMC10746545 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The association between physical activity and diet has a valuable impact in weight status management to counteract obesity. In this context, within different training strategies (i.e., endurance, resistance training, concurrent training, agility training) the Integrative Neuromuscular Training (INT) represents a structured training mode focused on global human movement pattern development with the aim to enhance motor control, mobility and stability. In this narrative review we aimed to discuss the feasibility of INT interventions on physical fitness and body composition outcomes in individuals with obesity. SUBJECTS Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar including were searched before 1st February 2023 without restrictions on publication year. METHODS Two researchers extracted data from published trials. Randomized controlled trials or clinical trials, Body Mass Index of children and adolescents at the 95% percentile or greater, and for adults to be above 30 kg/m2, detailed intervention description, randomization process and allocation into an experimental or a control group, trials must have been written in English, were included. RESULTS We included a total of 19 studies complying with the inclusion criteria for the review process. There is evidence that INT promotes positive adaptations in fitness levels in both younger and older participants with concomitant ameliorations during a shorter, medium and longer time period. Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, balance, postural control and body composition reached significant remarkable improvements following a specific intervention based on INT principles compared to other training mode. However, Body Mass Index, fat mass percentage and waist circumference showed similar changes overtime. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings support the effectiveness of INT in ameliorating physical fitness (i.e., health-related and skill related components) without negative changes in body composition. Nevertheless, fitness coaches and therapists may consider this training modality a feasible option when prescribing physical exercise in outpatients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Croci
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit - Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145, Milan, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Foqha BM, Schwesig R, Ltifi MA, Bartels T, Hermassi S, Aouadi R. A 10-week FIFA 11+ program improves the short-sprint and modified agility T-test performance in elite seven-a-side soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236223. [PMID: 38098808 PMCID: PMC10719933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of 10 weeks of FIFA 11+ training on the physical performance of elite seven-a-side soccer players. Methods: Twenty-five seven-a-side soccer players were recruited from two senior national teams. The players completed the following protocols during 10 weeks of training: a) FIFA 11+: The FIFA group (n = 13) underwent the FIFA 11+ program combined with regular soccer training; b) Dynamic conventional warm-up: The control group (n = 12) underwent regular soccer training. Their ability was validated using a pre-test followed by a post-test to measure the sprint performance (5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints), a modified agility T-test (MAT), and a five-jump test (FJT). Results: A comparison of pre- and post-tests for physical performance in each group demonstrated that the FIFA 11+ warm-up significantly improved the 10-m sprinting performance (p = 0.034; F = 5.04; ηp 2 = 0.17) and reduced the time spent to perform the MAT (p = 0.000; F = 23.16; ηp 2 = 0.52) in the FIFA group compared with the control group; however, no significant changes were observed in the 5- and 20-m sprints and FJT. Conclusion: The main findings of this research showed that the 10-week FIFA 11+ program led to significant improvements in the 10-m sprint and MAT compared to regular training among elite seven-a-side soccer players. Given these positive outcomes, further studies on the practical implementation and optimization of the FIFA 11+ program are warranted to provide valuable guidance for coaches and athletes, seeking to maximize its benefits in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mohammed Foqha
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mohamed Amine Ltifi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Center of Joint Surgery, MVZ Sports Clinic Halle GmbH, Halle, Germany
| | - Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridha Aouadi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health and Society”, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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Silva A, Ferraz R, Branquinho L, Dias T, Teixeira JE, Marinho DA. Effects of applying a multivariate training program on physical fitness and tactical performance in a team sport taught during physical education classes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1291342. [PMID: 38022773 PMCID: PMC10667688 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1291342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A multivariate training program could be a pedagogical choice to improve physical and tactical performance in a team sport taught during physical education classes at different levels of education. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of applying a multivariate training program on physical fitness and tactical performance during the teaching of a basketball didactic unit in basic and secondary education. Methods Seventy-five students from a Portuguese school, with an average age of 15.02 ± 1.31 years, included forty-two students from basic school and thirty-three students from secondary school. The FITescola® test battery was used to assess physical fitness (i.e., sit-ups, push-ups, horizontal impulse, shuttle test, 40 m sprint, agility 4 × 10 m). The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) was used to assess students' tactical performance for each player's game performance during a 20-minute 3 vs. 3 match. The GPAI variables were decision making index (DMI), skill execution index (SEI), support actions index (SI), and adaptability index (AI). During a basketball didactic unit teaching, the students were randomly divided into two groups, a control group that will not carry out the training program and an experimental group that will carry out a strength training program, high intensity explosive exercises and activities based on small-sided games (SSG) for 6 weeks. The two groups were evaluated in two moments: before the application of the training program and after the application of the training program regarding changes in physical fitness and tactical performance. The independent samples t-test (samples from two groups) and paired sample Test (for the same group) were applied for pre and post-assessment comparisons. Results All indexes present significant differences between basic and secondary students in the pre- and post-assessment tests with small effects (t = -6.54 to -4.82, Δ = -27.57 to -0.16, p<0.05-p< 0.001, d = 0.78-1.05). Discussion The results allow to conclude that in a school environment, a well-structured multivariate training program can effectively improve students' tactical skills, increasing their physical conditioning levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Silva
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- Agrarian School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Elvas, Portugal
- CI-ISCE – ISCE Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Dias
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José E. Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
- Sport Department, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Sport Department, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
- CI-ISCE – ISCE Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Covilhã, Portugal
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Cadens M, Planas-Anzano A, Peirau-Terés X, Bishop C, Romero-Rodríguez D, Madruga-Parera M. Relationship between Asymmetry Profiles and Jump Performance in Youth Female Handball Players. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:5-16. [PMID: 37559760 PMCID: PMC10407328 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/163432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationships between asymmetries and performance or the identification of the asymmetry profile that has been routinely studied during jumping tests are largely derived from male-only and small sample size studies. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the magnitude and the direction of jump asymmetries (vertical and lateral) in three different age groups of adolescent female handball players, and 2) to identify the effect of asymmetry between limbs on jump performance in the three age groups. One hundred and eighty-five adolescent female handball players (age: 14.88 ± 1.49 years) were distributed in three groups: U14, U16 and U18 and performed two tests to assess jumping ability which were the single leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ) and the single leg hop lateral (SL-HL). The magnitude of asymmetry in the SL-CMJ test (10.80%) was higher compared to that of the SL-LH test (6.47%), and there were no significant differences between particular categories. The direction of asymmetry represented by the Kappa values showed "poor" and "fair" levels of agreement in U14 and U16 categories, which means that asymmetries rarely favored the same side during each jumping test, but in contrast, in the U18 category the Kappa value result was "slight". There were significant correlations between SL-CMJ jumping asymmetries and jumping performance in the U18 category (r = 0.31 to 0.49). These data indicate that in order to identify the player's asymmetry profile, we need to consider the magnitude and the direction of different tests which will help better understand the natural deficits, contextualize them and consider appropriate training interventions for the reduction of inter-limb asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cadens
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas-Anzano
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Peirau-Terés
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, Greenlands Lane, London, UK
| | - Daniel Romero-Rodríguez
- Physical Therapy Department, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- INNOVITY, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Madruga-Parera
- Physical Therapy Department, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- FC Barcelona Second Team, Sport Performance Area, Barcelona, Spain
- reQ, Return to Play and Sports Training Center, Barcelona, Spain
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Loturco I, Pereira LA, Freitas TT, Moura TBMA, Mercer VP, Fernandes V, Moura NSA, Moura NA, Zając A, Bishop C. Plyometric Training Practices of Brazilian Olympic Sprint and Jump Coaches: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Their Choices and Insights. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:131-150. [PMID: 37559773 PMCID: PMC10407309 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/169167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plyometric training is extensively used by coaches to enhance neuromuscular performance in a wide variety of sports. Due to the high demands of sprint speed and power output in elite sprinters and jumpers, sprint and jump coaches are likely to have great knowledge on this topic. Undoubtedly, this expertise is even more pronounced for Olympic coaches, who work with some of the fastest and most powerful athletes in the world, and who are required to continually maintain these athletes at optimal performance levels. Describing and discussing the practices commonly adopted by these coaches in detail and extrapolating this experience to other sport coaching contexts and disciplines may be extremely relevant. The current article presents, explores, and illustrates the plyometric training practices of Brazilian Olympic sprint and jump coaches, with a special focus on training programming and exercise selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Loturco
- NAR—Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas A. Pereira
- NAR—Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- NAR—Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Nélio A. Moura
- Pinheiros Sport Club, São Paulo, Brazil
- Chinese Athletics Association, Beijing, China
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
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Hammami R, Negra Y, Nebigh A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Moran J, Chaabene H. Preseason Integrative Neuromuscular Training Improves Selected Measures of Physical Fitness in Highly Trained, Youth, Male Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e384-e390. [PMID: 37235541 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hammami, R, Negra, Y, Nebigh, A, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Moran, J, and Chaabene, H. Preseason integrative neuromuscular training improves selected measures of physical fitness in highly trained, youth, male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): e384-e390, 2023-This study examined the effects of an 8-week integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program, including balance, strength, plyometric, and change of direction exercises, on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. Twenty-four male soccer players participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into an INT (n = 12; age = 15.7 ± 0.6 years, body height = 179.75 ± 6.54 cm, body mass = 78.20 ± 7.44 kg, maturity-offset = +2.2 ± 0.6 years) or an active control (CG, n = 12; age = 15.4 ± 0.8 years, body height = 178.4 ± 6.4 cm, body mass = 72 ± 8.3 kg, maturity-offset = +1.9 ± 0.7 years) group. Before and after training, tests to measure dynamic balance (Y-Balance test [YBT]), muscle strength (one repetition maximum [1RM]), muscle power (five jump test [FJT], single-leg hop test [SLHT], and countermovement jump [CMJ] height), linear sprint time (10 and 30-m), and change of direction with ball (CoDball) were performed. The analysis of covariance was used to test between-group differences (INT vs. CG) at posttest using baseline values as covariates. Significant, large, between-group differences at posttest were noted for the YBT (p = 0.016; d = 1.1), 1RM (p = 0.011; d = 1.2), FJT (p = 0.027; d = 1.0), SLHT (p = 0.04; d = 1.4), CMJ height (p < 0.001; d = 1.9), 10-m sprint (p < 0.01; d = 1.6), and CoDball (p < 0.05; d = 0.9) in favor of the INT group. Significant moderate-to-large pre-to-post changes were detected in the INT group for YBT, 1RM, CMJ height, SLHT, FJT, 10-m and 30-m sprint time, and CoDball test (d = 0.7 to 3.07, p < 0.05). No significant pre-to-post changes were observed in the CG (p > 0.05), except for 10-m sprint time (d = 1.3; p < 0.05). Exposure to INT twice weekly is effective and time efficient to improve various measures of physical fitness in highly trained youth male soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouf Hammami
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motor Skills, Sports and Health (EM2S, UR15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) «Sports Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Universite de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) «Sports Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Universite de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Amar Nebigh
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motor Skills, Sports and Health (EM2S, UR15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) «Sports Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Universite de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; and
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
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Nobari H, Eken Ö, Prieto-González P, Oliveira R, Brito JP. Association between 2D:4D ratios and sprinting, change of direction ability, aerobic fitness, and cumulative workloads in elite youth soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 36978178 PMCID: PMC10045863 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to determine the correlation between 2D:4D, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body fat percentage (BF%), maximum heart rate (HRmax), change of direction (COD), and accumulated acute and chronic workload variables; (ii) to verify if the length of the second digit divided by fourth digit (2D:4D) can explain fitness variables and accumulated training load. METHODS Twenty elite young football players (age: 13.26 ± 0.19 years; height: 165.8 ± 11.67 cm; body mass: 50.70 ± 7.56 kg; VO2max, 48.22 ± 2.29 ml.kg- 1.min- 1) participated in the present study. Anthropometric and body composition variables (e.g., height, body mass, sitting height, age, BF%, body mass index, right and left finger 2D:4D ratios) were measured. The following fitness tests were also conducted: 30 - 15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VO2max and HRmax), COD (5-0-5 agility test), and speed (10-30msprint test. HRmax and the training load were also measured and monitored using the Rate of Perceived Exertion during the 26 weeks. RESULTS There were associations between HRmax and VO2max, between 2D and 4D lengths and Left and Right hand ratios. Also, in AW with Right and Left 4D. The CW and de ACWR with the Right 4D. There were other associations between physical test variables and workload variables. CONCLUSIONS Under-14 soccer players with low right and left-hand 2D:4D ratios did not perform better in the selected fitness tests to assess VO2max, COD, or sprint ability. However, it cannot be ruled out that the absence of statistically significant results may be related to the small sample size and the maturational heterogeneity of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Pablo Prieto-González
- Health and Physical Education Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
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Sánchez Pastor A, García-Sánchez C, Marquina Nieto M, de la Rubia A. Influence of Strength Training Variables on Neuromuscular and Morphological Adaptations in Prepubertal Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4833. [PMID: 36981742 PMCID: PMC10049541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strength training in prepubertal children is one of the topics that has aroused the most interest and controversy among training professionals in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the available scientific evidence on the influence of strength training variables on morphological and/or neuromuscular adaptations in healthy prepubertal populations with no previous experience in this type of training according to the descriptive sample characteristics. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, 22 studies were selected after a systematic search and selection process using four electronic databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORT Discus. Furthermore, the internal validity of the studies included was assessed using the modified PEDro scale. The sample consisted of 604 prepubertal children (age, 10.02 ± 0.75 years), of whom 473 were boys and 131 were girls, with 104 strength training programs recorded. Strength training resulted in a significant increase in jumping (n = 29) and sprinting (n = 13) abilities. Moreover, muscle strength was increased in 100% of the cases. Morphologically, strength training resulted in a decrease in body fat percentage (n = 19) and an increase in lean body mass (n = 17). With regard to gender, increases in general sport skills and basic physical abilities were significant in males but not in females. Thus, the results are more heterogeneous in girls due to the small number of studies carried out. Therefore, this research provides practical applications for coaches to design and implement more effective training programs to maximize adaptations, enhance physical performance, and reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez Pastor
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Sánchez
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Marquina Nieto
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso de la Rubia
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cadens M, Planas-Anzano A, Peirau-Terés X, Benet-Vigo A, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A. Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Jumping and Landing Deficits in Young Female Handball Players. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010134. [PMID: 36671826 PMCID: PMC9855848 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular and biomechanical imbalances that exist in jumping and landing actions should be examined in order to intervene to decrease the risk of ACL injury. The main aim of this study was to analyse and compare, by chronological age, jumping and landing deficits in young female handball players using the Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA). A secondary aim was to relate the qualitative asymmetry values detected using the TJA to the quantitative asymmetry values detected starting from the single leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ). Sixty-one young female handball players (age: 14.3 ± 1.5 years) were distributed into three groups: U12, U14 and U16 and performed the TJA test and the single leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ). The female U12 category players obtained the highest scores in the TJA and there were significant differences between the U12 (12.11 ± 1.97) and U14 (10.89 ± 1.74) categories (p = 0.017; ES = 0.374). In the U12 category, the female players presented larger interlimb asymmetry magnitudes in the SL-CMJ test; they also obtained higher scores in the qualitative criteria of the TJA test that referred to asymmetry (r = 0.43; p = 0.027). The analysis of the jumping and landing pattern using TJA allowed us to identify that the lower extremity valgus at landing, foot contact timing not equal and landing contact noise are the main biomechanical deficits in young female handball players. Furthermore, the asymmetry values assessed qualitatively (TJA) are associated with the asymmetry values assessed quantitatively (difference in jump achieved with each limb in the SL-CMJ test) in younger categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cadens
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), 25192 Lleida, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoni Planas-Anzano
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), 25192 Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Peirau-Terés
- Research Group into Human Movement, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), 25192 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ariadna Benet-Vigo
- Department of Sports Sciences, FCS Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Department of Sports Sciences, FPCEE and FCS Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Segle XXI Female Basketball Team, Catalan Federation of Basketball, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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12
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Qualitative analysis from the social referents perspective of the multidimensional construct of schoolchildren's motor competence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275196. [PMID: 36534682 PMCID: PMC9762582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor competence (MC) as a multidimensional construct is influenced by motor, cognitive, emotional and social variables. It is also determined by schoolchildren interacting with their own context. Thus pre-adolescence is a sensitive stage in development when physical, emotional and cognitive changes are manifested. By taking this context in accountn, the perception of the social referents close to schoolchildren allows for a deeper understanding of the role and influence of all these variables in a broader MC concept. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted by discussion groups and semistructured interviews, respectively, for teachers and family members in Primary Education. The content analysis was carried out according to the main study dimensions, associated with the motor, cognitive, affective-emotional and social domains. Both family members and teachers point out that the affective-emotional level has a stronger impact on the development of motor skills than the motor level. For children to develop their MC, it is necessary to create appropriate contexts in which family members and teachers are the main agents of influence. In conclusion, assessing MC in the educational sphere must have a more comprehensive and broad approach. It is necessary to bear in mind a larger number of variables involved in schoolchildren's motor development to make the most objective assessment possible and, likewise, to promote facilitating environments that help their development.
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Goel A, Pramanik A. Effect of post-activation potentiation using core activation on isometric core strength and countermovement jump variables in university male recreational athletes. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Core strengthening exercises have been integrated into the conditioning regimens of sportsmen of all levels. Despite a wealth of evidence, the question of what influence core stability exercises have on jump performance remains unsolved. Only a small percentage of studies have explored effects of standalone core training. The objective of this research was to explore acute changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance caused by post-activation potentiation (PAP) adopting core activation exercises. 25 male recreational athletes were recruited as participants. They visited on three occasions-first for familiarisation, following for baseline data using a conventional warmup, and final for repeat data upon inducing PAP. Isometric dynamometer was used to quantify core isometric strength and CMJ variables were evaluated using a Portable performance analysis system with MARS Software. Paired t-test and multivariate analysis were carried out. All core strength metrics reported marked increase at P<0.001 from conventional to PAP warmup. Following CMJ metrics varied significantly: jump height from take-off (P<0.001), jump height from flight (P<0.01), flight time (P<0.01,) and force at free-fall (P<0.001). Core training with PAP is a form of neuromuscular training that has the potential to improve power, agility, and speed by modifying force absorption, active joint stabilisation, and improved movement patterns. These alterations are ascribed to changes in cerebral drive, as well as enhanced motor-unit activation and firing frequency at the muscle level. Before a competition, a core activation warm-up can offer a unique training stimulus and increase performance via an ergogenic response. The core is essential for optimal athletic performance and should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Goel
- MYAS-GNDU Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - A. Pramanik
- MYAS-GNDU Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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" Sharpening Your Mind, Strengthening Your Body" Parental Perceptions on the Use of Strength and Conditioning in Children and Youth. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101557. [PMID: 36291493 PMCID: PMC9600145 DOI: 10.3390/children9101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although strength and conditioning is beneficial and safe for children to engage in there remain myths and misconceptions form parents regarding its use which prevent its widespread take up. This study explored parents' attitudes and beliefs about strength and conditioning in their children. Thirty-one parents (21 dads, 10 mums) took part in one of four focus groups exploring the topic. Thematic analysis was used resulting in themes and sub themes centred on: Beliefs; Determinants; Coach Education; Coach Communication; and Relationship to the Game. There were also smaller aspects of the focus groups which touched upon autonomy as a concept related to implementation of strength and conditioning specifically. Overall, parents of children who play grassroots sport hold generally positive perceptions on use of strength and conditioning with their children, considering it beneficial for both physical and mental development. Key factors relating to successful implementation of strength and conditioning for children focus on having a qualified coach in that particular area (rather than a generic sports coach), effective communication between coach and parents, and coach and children in terms of the benefits of engaging with strength and conditioning.
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Positive influence of neuromuscular training on knee injury risk factors during cutting and landing tasks in elite youth female handball players. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are frequent in the age group of 15–19 years, particularly for female athletes. Although injury-prevention programs effectively reduce severe knee injuries, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and changes of biomechanical risk factors. Thus, this study analyzes the effects of a neuromuscular injury-prevention program on biomechanical parameters associated with ACL injuries in elite youth female handball players. In a nonrandomized, controlled intervention study, 19 players allocated to control (n = 12) and intervention (n = 7) group were investigated for single- and double-leg landings as well as unanticipated side-cutting maneuvers before and after a 12-week study period. The lower-extremity motion of the athletes was captured using a three-dimensional motion capture system consisting of 12 infrared cameras. A lower-body marker set of 40 markers together with a rigid body model, including a forefoot, rearfoot, shank, thigh, and pelvis segment in combination with two force plates was used to determine knee joint angles, resultant external joint moments, and vertical ground reaction forces. The two groups did not differ significantly during pretesting. Only the intervention group showed significant improvements in the initial knee abduction angle during single leg landing (p = 0.038: d = 0.518), knee flexion moment during double-leg landings (p = 0.011; d = −1.086), knee abduction moment during single (p = 0.036; d = 0.585) and double-leg landing (p = 0.006; d = 0.944) and side-cutting (p = 0.015;d = 0.561) as well as vertical ground reaction force during double-leg landing (p = 0.004; d = 1.482). Control group demonstrated no significant changes in kinematics and kinetics. However, at postintervention both groups were not significantly different in any of the biomechanical outcomes except for the normalized knee flexion moment of the dominant leg during single-leg landing. This study provides first indications that the implementation of a training intervention with specific neuromuscular exercises has positive impacts on biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury risk and, therefore, may help prevent severe knee injuries in elite youth female handball players.
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16
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Silva A, Ferraz R, Forte P, Teixeira JE, Branquinho L, Marinho DA. Multivariate Training Programs during Physical Education Classes in School Context: Theoretical Considerations and Future Perspectives. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060089. [PMID: 35736829 PMCID: PMC9230836 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical Education plays a fundamental role in promoting healthy habits and lifestyles, as well as in the development of individual and cognitive skills. To date, several investigations have reported positive effects on indicators of physical fitness, motor proficiency, and creativity as a result of specific training programs during Physical Education classes. However, the effects of multivariate training programs on the improvement of the aforementioned skills remain unclear in the literature. Through this brief review, the benefit of applying multivariate training programs during Physical Education classes on indicators of physical fitness, motor proficiency and creativity was critically analyzed. A narrative approach was applied to summarize the availed research as following: (i) theoretical background; (ii) research gaps/issues; (iii) subject explanation about multivariate training programs in Physical Education; and (iv) practical application and further research. The evidence reported in this regard may be useful for the development of multivariate training programs that simultaneously enable the improvement of indicators of physical fitness, motor proficiency and creativity. However, there is still no consensus in the literature on the best strategies (i.e., type of program, duration, intensity) to enhance motor proficiency and creativity in the context of Physical Education classes using multivariate training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Silva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.S.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.E.T.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.E.T.); (L.B.)
- Sport Department, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-408 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-408 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - José E. Teixeira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.E.T.); (L.B.)
- Department of Sport Science, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.E.T.); (L.B.)
- Sport Department, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-408 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE/ISCE Douro, 4560-408 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.S.); (D.A.M.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.E.T.); (L.B.)
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Menezes GB, Alexandre DRO, Pinto JCBL, Assis TVL, Faigenbaum AD, Mortatti AL. Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Motor Performance in Prepubertal Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1667-1674. [PMID: 32796417 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Menezes, GB, Alexandre, DR, Pinto, JC, Assis, TV, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1667-1674, 2022-The present study examined the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on motor performance in prepubertal soccer players. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (INT; n = 20, age: 8.2 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 28.4 ± 6.4 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m) or the control group (CON; n = 18, age: 8.5 ± 1.3 years; body mass: 32.8 ± 8.9 kg; height: 1.3 ± 0.1 m). Integrative neuromuscular training program was performed twice per week during the 12-week training intervention. Balance, flexibility, countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH), sprint speed, and change of direction speed (CODS) were assessed in both groups at baseline, sixth week and 12th week. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the group changes in performance for each variable. There was a time effect for balance in the INT from pre to 12th weeks (p < 0.001, g = 0.72), and from 6th to 12th weeks (p = 0.005, g = 0.34). An interaction effect for balance was also observed between INT and CON after the 12th week. A time effect in flexibility was observed in INT from baseline to 6th and 12th weeks (p = 0.02; g = 0.45 and p < 0.001; g = 0.71) and from 6 to 12th weeks (p = 0.003; g = 0.24). There was a time effect in CVJH, from baseline to 12th week and from 6th to 12th weeks (p < 0.05; g = 0.34 and g = 0.53, respectively). There was no significant between-group speed performance change. A time effect was found in CODS in INT, but only from baseline to 12th week (p = 0.02; g = 0.31). There were significant improvements in the percent change (Δ%) from baseline to 12 weeks (p < 0.05) for balance, flexibility, and CVJH in INT. These findings indicate that the addition of an INT program to soccer practice can improve selected motor performance skills in prepubertal soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber B Menezes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Diego R O Alexandre
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Júlio C B L Pinto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Tereza V L Assis
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
| | - Arnaldo L Mortatti
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ; and
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Manolachi V, Potop V, Manolachi V, Delipovici I, Liuşnea CŞ. Determining the optimal areas of effort in terms of force and force-velocity based on the functional state of the neuromuscular system in the training of elite female judokas. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13468. [PMID: 35615291 PMCID: PMC9126141 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of the functional state of the neuromuscular system (NMS) in elite female judokas according to the muscular activity indices is influenced by the force (F) and force-velocity (F-V) efforts. The implementation of the individual correction plan in the elite female judokas' process of instruction and training must be based on the accurate determination of the force and force-velocity effort areas throughout the training and competitive periods. Methods The research involved 44 elite female judokas, divided in to two experimental groups (A, C) and two control groups (B, D). To diagnose the NMS, 21 elite female judokas were evaluated, belonging to different classification categories, divided into three groups: group I-category I (Cat. I), group II-candidates for Masters of Sports (CMS) and group III-Masters of Sports (MS).The evaluation of NMS was performed at the end of each two-week cycle, using 3 tests: Tmax-time to reach the maximum muscle contraction, (msec); Fy -examination of elasticity indices in different muscles, (Hz); J-explosive muscular strength, (kg/s). Measurements were made for six muscle groups and 9 indices of fitness tests: 5 force tests (F) and 4 force-velocity tests (F-V). The research was carried out during 24 cycles, each one lasting two weeks: 12 training cycles and 12 competitive ones. Each cycle lasted two weeks. During the research, the model plan of training for F and F-V was used, determining the optimal areas of F and F-V training efforts in the preparation and competitive periods. In the experimental groups (A and C), according to the data of judokas' NMS functional state evaluation, the individual correction of the F and F-V efforts was performed every two weeks. As for the control groups (B, D), traditional methods of training were used. Results The NMS evaluation of the female judokas was made every two weeks and the level of correlation of Tmax, Fy and J indices was determined. The value of the Fy index at F effort is 32% in group I, 30% - in group II, 27% - in group III, 28-30% at the effort of F-V. The total number of corrections in group A: 79 negative corrections and 59 positive corrections, while in group C: 65 negative corrections and 89 positive ones. Within the F-V effort, the number of effort corrections in group A was: 68 negative corrections and 92 positive; in group C - 81 positive and 78 negative corrections. The female judokas' results in the final stage of EG-A were significantly improved in F indices by 52.15%, F-V by 6.22% and 6.18%. In the EG-C, the F increased considerably by 7.52%, F-V by 5.67% and 7.20%. These results characterize the level of physical training. Conclusion The functional state of the NMS in elite judokas, determined according to the temporal indices of reaching the maximal muscular contraction, the muscle explosive strength and the muscles elasticity, is subjected to dynamics under the influence of force effort and force-velocity effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Manolachi
- Dunarea de jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Vladimir Potop
- State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
- Depatment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Victor Manolachi
- Dunarea de jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
- State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Irina Delipovici
- State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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Xiong J, Li S, Cao A, Qian L, Peng B, Xiao D. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training intervention on physical performance in elite female table tennis players: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262775. [PMID: 35051233 PMCID: PMC8775216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on physical performance in elite female table tennis players. Methods Twenty-four Chinese elite female table tennis players were randomized into either INT (n = 12) group or control group (CON; n = 12). INT group performed four INT sessions every week for 8 weeks, while CON group performed traditional physical fitness training. One repetition maximal (1RM), vertical jump, Y balance test and 30-meter sprinting performance were tested before and after intervention. Results No between groups differences were detected for any tests before intervention. Significant group by time (before or after intervention) interaction effects were observed in 1RM, vertical jump, bilateral lower limb reaching distance at posteromedial and posterolateral directions, and right leg at the anterior direction for the Y balance test (all p < 0.05), but not for the left leg at the anterior direction or the 30-meter sprinting performance (both p > 0.05). Post-hoc analysis for measurements with significant interactions revealed that all significant changes were at the ING group (all p < 0.05), while no changes for the CON group were observed (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Eight weeks INT significantly improved strength, power and balance in Chinese elite female table tennis players. Adopting INT in table tennis players may improve their physical performance and lead to better sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiong
- Research Center for Sports Psychology and Biomechanics, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shangxiao Li
- Research Center for Sports Psychology and Biomechanics, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Cao
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Qian
- School of Sciences, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Sports, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BP); (DX)
| | - Dandan Xiao
- Research Center for Sports Psychology and Biomechanics, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (BP); (DX)
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20
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Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Arboix-Alió J, Montalvo AM. Return-to-sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in team sport athletes. Part II: Progressive framework. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Context: The assumed risks of early specialization in sport are well known, with several international consensus statements advising against specialization in early athlete development. However, there have been recent calls for more focused research in this area. Evidence Acquisition: Research evidence from several scientific disciplines (eg, sport psychology, sports medicine, human development) were synthesized to develop a framework for practitioners working with adolescent athletes. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: There appear to be risks associated with a highly specialized approach to athlete training, but the mechanisms driving these effects are largely unknown. Greater attention to understanding these mechanisms would help mitigate risk and develop stronger policy for athlete development. Recommendations for program modifications are provided. Conclusion: Early specialization remains an important topic for researchers and practitioners working with youth and adolescent athletes. However, more work needs to be done to provide truly evidence-based recommendations for youth athlete training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Till
- Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England, UK
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22
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Benefits, risks and possibilities of strength training in school Physical Education: a brief review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Arboix-Alió J, Montalvo AM. Return-to-sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in team sport athletes. Part I: From initial injury to return-to-competition. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of a 6-week core stabilization training program on dynamic balance and trunk stabilization endurance of horse riders. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-week core stabilization training program (CSTP) in improving dynamic balance and back-extensor endurance of horse riders; and develop a measurement tool in assessing the dynamic postural stabilization endurance for horse riders. Twelve male horse riders (age: 23.58 ± 1.93 years; height: 165.09 ± 4.60 cm; weight: 56.53 ± 4.75 kg; experience in horse racing: 1.75 ± 0.34 years) completed 12 training sessions in 6 weeks. Subjects performed the CSTP with two progressions. CSTP started with the basic consciousness activation exercises, and then eliminated visual feedback in dynamic balance task on unstable surfaces and finished with switching the center of gravity. Moderate-to-large difference was demonstrated in the Y-Balance test scores for right leg (102.81 ± 8.32 vs 106.471 ± 4.35 cm, d = 0.55, 95% CL 0.00 to 1.08) and left leg (102.04 ± 3.20 vs 106.29 ± 3.62 cm, d = 1.25, 95% CL 0.41 to 2.05) following 6 weeks CSTP. However, trivial to small differences was reported between left and right leg in pre (d = 0.12, 95% CL − 0.49 to 0.73) and post 6-week CSTP (d = 0.04, 95% CL − 0.69 to 0.78). Biering–Sørensen test (BST) shows largely greater performance after 6-week CSTP (98.3 ± 30.1 vs 131.8 ± 19.0 s, d = 1.33, 95% CL 0.54–2.09). A novel measurement, Swiss ball four-point kneeling test was shown to be correlated with the change in BST (r = 0.633).
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Nunes ACCA, Cattuzzo MT, Faigenbaum AD, Mortatti AL. Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Detraining on Countermovement Jump Performance in Youth Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2242-2247. [PMID: 31453943 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nunes, ACCA, Cattuzzo, MT, Faigenbaum, AD, and Mortatti, AL. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training and detraining on countermovement jump performance in youth volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2242-2247, 2021-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on countermovement vertical jump height (CVJH) performance in youth volleyball players before and after a detraining period. Thirty-two novice volleyball players were cluster randomized into 2 groups: intervention group-INT (age: 13.1 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 55.3 ± 12.1 kg; and height: 161.1 ± 6.4 cm) and control group-CON (age: 12.8 ± 0.7 years; body mass: 51.8 ± 13.6 kg; and height: 160.1 ± 10.7 cm). The subjects were evaluated for somatic maturation (years from peak height velocity) and for CVJH performance at 4 time points during the 20-week study period: baseline, 6 weeks of INT, 12 weeks of INT, and 8 weeks after INT (detraining). The analysis used repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test to identify possible differences in the CVJH delta in both groups. Spearman correlation was performed to verify the association between the values of the vertical jump tests and maturational levels found. The INT showed a significant improvement in the CVJH from baseline to 12 weeks and maintained training-induced gains after detraining period (p > 0.001). Significant increase in CVJH was found in the percentage of change (Δ%) from baseline to 6 weeks (p < 0.005), 12 weeks (p < 0.001), and detraining (p < 0.001) in INT compared with the CON. The results of this study indicate that INT was able to improve CVJH performance in novice youth volleyball players and these gains were sustained during the detraining period. These findings indicate that regular participation in supervised INT can enhance jumping performance in young volleyball players, and that this type of neuromuscular program may be particularly beneficial for youth with limited fundamental motor skill performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C C A Nunes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria T Cattuzzo
- Higher School of Physical Education of the University of Portuguese, Recife, Brazil ; and
| | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
| | - Arnaldo L Mortatti
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Alonso-Aubin DA, Picón-Martínez M, Rebullido TR, Faigenbaum AD, Cortell-Tormo JM, Chulvi-Medrano I. Integrative Neuromuscular Training Enhances Physical Fitness in 6- to 14-Year-Old Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2263-2271. [PMID: 34127612 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alonso-Aubin, DA, Picón-Martínez, M, Rebullido, TR, Faigenbaum, AD, Cortell-Tormo, JM, and Chulvi-Medrano, I. Integrative neuromuscular training enhances physical fitness in 6- to 14-year-old rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2263-2271, 2021-The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program on physical fitness measures in young rugby players. A sample of 138 male rugby players (age range, 6-14 years) was divided into 5 age-related groups: group 1 (G1) (n = 20; age, 7.05 ± 0.58), group 2 (G2) (n = 27; age, 8.57 ± 0.49), group 3 (G3) (n = 31; age, 11.02 ± 0.56), group 4 (G4) (n = 33; age, 13.12 ± 0.58, and group 5 (G5) (n = 27; age, 14.85 ± 1.53 and additionally into 2 game position groups: forwards (FOR) (n = 69) and backs (BAC) (n = 69). Physical fitness measures included the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), dominant and nondominant hand-to-eye coordination, sprint capacity, core muscular endurance, and lower- and upper-body power. Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) included progressive strength, coordination, and speed exercises performed twice per week for 20 minutes. Following INT, significant improvements in selected age-related groups (p < 0.01) were found in total FMS score G3 (effect size [ES] = 0.47), G4 (ES = 0.88), and G5 (ES = 0.58); dominant hand-to-eye coordination G1 (ES = 1.48), G2 (ES = 0.71), G3 (ES = 0.55), G4 (ES = 1.47), and G5 (ES = 1.15), nondominant hand-to-eye coordination G2 (ES = 0.74), G4 (ES = 1.34), and G5 (ES = 1.09); lower-body power G2 (ES = 0.44), G4 (ES = 0.39), and G5 (ES = 0.43); core muscular endurance G1 (ES = 0.82), G3 (ES = 0.68), and G4 (ES = 1.04); upper-body power G2 (ES = 0.53); and sprint capacity G4 (ES = 0.69). Significant improvements were also found between player's positions for all tests. These findings indicate that a progressive INT program can enhance functional movement abilities and selected physical fitness measures in young rugby players regardless of game position and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Alonso-Aubin
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Moisés Picón-Martínez
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Avery D Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey Ewing, Ewing, New Jersey; and
| | - Juan M Cortell-Tormo
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sciences Physical Activity and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Intra-Season Variations in Workload Parameters in Europe's Elite Young Soccer Players: A Comparative Pilot Study between Starters and Non-Starters. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080977. [PMID: 34442114 PMCID: PMC8392320 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of the current study was to compare the within-season variations of workload, training duration, acute/chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony ™, and training strain (TS) through session rating perceived exertion (s-RPE) between starters and non-starters. Methods: Seventeen under-17 European male soccer players (age, 16.2 ± 0.3 y, height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 66.5 ± 4.0 kg) divided in two groups: nine starters and eight non-starters, were evaluated over 50 weeks throughout the season. Results: In general, there were load variations for all players during the full-season. RPE tended to decrease during in-season and RPE, training duration and s-RPE did not present significant differences between starters and non-starters. TM and TS presented lower values for starters in mesocycle (M) 4 and M11 compared to non-starters. TS presented lower values for starters in M4 and M11 compared to non-starters, while in M10 a higher value was found for starters when compared to non-starters. ACWR showed differences between starters and non-starters in two of the mesocycles. Conclusions: This study showed that some mesocycles provided higher load for non-starters. This information can alert coaches that non-starter players are likely to try too hard in training to demonstrate their abilities, leading to non-functional overreaching, overtraining syndrome, and then poor performance.
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Effect of Integrative Neuromuscular Training for Injury Prevention and Sports Performance of Female Badminton Players. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5555853. [PMID: 33987438 PMCID: PMC8093055 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5555853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Investigate the effects of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on injury prevention and the performance of professional female badminton athletes by comparing their preintervention and postintervention tests. The study hypothesized that integrated neuromuscular training can improve the asymmetry and improve the sport performance of female badminton players. Methods According to pretest value based on functional movement screening, 38 participants were divided into a high-risk group (HG) and a low-risk group (LG) with 22 and 16 people in each group. Two groups of athletes took part in an 8-week INT program consisting of four 90-min sessions each week. The asymmetries in movement, physical fitness, and special abilities were tested before and after the intervention. Independent sample t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Results This research found indicated that 8 weeks of INT influenced FMS scores in both groups (HG and LG). The change of inline lunge (ESH = 0.42, ESL = 0.21) and trunk stability push-up (ESH = −0.58, ESL = −0.20) showed significant differences (P < 0.05), and the change of the FMS scores (ESH = 0.81, ESL = 0.65), deep squat (ESH = 0.6, ESL = 0.3), and rotation stability (ESH = −0.65, ESL = −0.72) showed very significant differences (P < 0.01). Compared to the pretest, most of the physical fitness parameters improved significantly in the HG and LG groups except strength index, and special abilities of the HG and LG group women badminton athletes showed a substantial increase. Conclusion Integrated neuromuscular training can effectively improve the asymmetry of female badminton athletes' limbs, prevent sports injury, and improve the athlete's performance ability. However, athletes in different risk groups have certain differences in the degree of improvement in their motor skills.
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Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Exercise in Physical Education Class on Health-Related Fitness in Female Children. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9030312. [PMID: 33799774 PMCID: PMC7999395 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) showed benefits for improving fundamental movement skills (FMS). However, the INT health-related fitness (HRF) effects are lacking. The current study aimed to determine the effects of INT implemented during physical education (PE) in a primary school in the Republic of Serbia on HRF in female children. The sample consisted of 72 healthy girls who were divided into the intervention (EG: n = 37; mean ± SD: age = 8.17 ± 0.31) and control (CG: n = 35; age = 8.11 ± 0.31) groups. The EG and CG performed the INT program and traditional PE activities two times per week within the first ~15 min of PE class, respectively. The Fitnessgram battery tests assessed the HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, and flexibility) before and after the program. After eight weeks, the EG significantly reduced all fat measures, while the CG decreased only triceps skinfold but to a smaller extent (F = 5.92, p < 0.02, η2 = 0.09). Both groups significantly improved the performance of almost all muscular fitness tests (curl-ups, trunk lift, push-ups); however, the EG increased the push-ups more than the CG (F = 9.01, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.14). The EG additionally improved the modified pull-ups (F = 14.09, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.19) and flexed arm hang (F = 28.82, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.33) tests. The flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance of both groups did not significantly change after eight weeks. This approach of exercise showed positive acceptance and relatively good results after only eight weeks.
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An KO, Lee KJ. Sports Injury Prevention and Functional Training: A Literature Review. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2021.23.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review study was to proposes a new paradigm of functional injury prevention(FIP) based on analysis of the effects of sports injury prevention(SIP) and functional training(FT).METHODS The literature used in the study is based on the electronic database and international papers published from 2014 to 2021 related to functional training were searched, screened and evaluated by using the follow keywords: <i>functional training, sports injury, rehabilitation, and prevention</i>.RESULTS FT was divided into the concept of training both improving the sports performance and restoring physical function in the field of rehabilitation. In two areas, FT and SIP are somewhat different in approach method, object and environment, but they are highly correlated that both the activation of proprioceptive sensation and integrated neuromuscular function are reflected in training program. Especially, intrinsic injury factors such as reduced physical ability, skills and conditioning are associated with reduction of sports performance and increased sports injury. In addition, decreased proprioceptive sensation and neuromuscular function is a typical symptom of reduction of sports performance and injury. Therefore, FIP is needed as a training program that not only to prevent sports injury but also to improve sports performance.CONCLUSIONS In this review study, FIP is propose as a new paradigm combining SIP and FT. The follow-up study of FIP should be reviewed on athletes, club members and the general public for the development of programs to prevent sports injury and improve sports performance and the effects by sports events, body parts and age.
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Font-Lladó R, López-Ros V, Montalvo AM, Sinclair G, Prats-Puig A, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A. A Pedagogical Approach to Integrative Neuromuscular Training to Improve Motor Competence in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trail. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:3078-3085. [PMID: 33105357 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Font-Lladó, R, López-Ros, V, Montalvo, AM, Sinclair, G, Prats Puig, A, and Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A. A pedagogical approach to integrative neuromuscular training to improve motor competence in children: a RCT. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3078-3085, 2020-To assess the effectiveness of a pedagogical approach to an integrative neuromuscular training (INT) program as a warm-up in physical education (PE) lessons in healthy children: (a) to improve the level of motor competence (MC) and (b) to master fundamental motor skills (FMS) patterns, considering the baseline MC level and the time spent when performing different motor tasks. One hundred ninety students (7.43 ± 0.32 years; 52% girls) were included in this randomized controlled trail and grouped up according to MC basal levels (L1-L4). Motor competence and FMS patterns (CAMSA protocol) were assessed before and after the intervention in a group-based INT warm-up (n = 97) and a group-based conventional warm-up (n = 93). The INT program improved MC (p < 0.001; d = 0.71) and FMS (p < 0.001, d = 0.52). The independent predictors of MC change were: baseline MC level (β = -196; p < 0.012), time spent to perform the task (β = -0.235 p < 0.003), and participation in the INT program (β = 0.201; p < 0.005), explaining 71% of its variability. The INT warm-up shows correlations between improvements in MC in relation to time reduction (L1 p = 0.016, d, L2 p = 0.001, and L4 = 0.001) and FMS patterns (L1 p < 0.001, L2 p < 0.003, L3 p < 0.005, and L4 < 0.001) Moreover, only L3, it showed correlation between changes in time and FMS mastery (p = 0.001). Our results showed that a pedagogical approach to an INT program developed as a warm-up in primary school PE lessons can improve MC and FMS patterns in all subjects, independent of the initial MC level. More interestingly, only in L3, the improvement in MC can be explained by the balance in time required to perform the task and the level of improvement in FMS patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Font-Lladó
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Víctor López-Ros
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alicia M Montalvo
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Graham Sinclair
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Milà-Villarroel R, Pujol-Marzo M, Arboix-Alió J, Bishop C. Higher Vertical Jumping Asymmetries and Lower Physical Performance are Indicators of Increased Injury Incidence in Youth Team-Sport Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2204-2211. [PMID: 33009354 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Milà-Villarroel, R, Pujol-Marzo, M, Arboix-Alió, J, and Bishop, C. Higher vertical jumping asymmetries and lower physical performance are indicators of increased injury incidence in youth team-sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-To date, the literature about the association between injury-risk factors and actual injury incidence in young elite team-sports athletes is scarce. The main objective of this study was to examine how modifiable factors may affect injury incidence. Eighty-one young elite team-sports athletes (age: under-14 to under-18) performed the countermovement jump (CMJ), a single leg CMJ (SLCMJ), the one-legged hop test (OLHT), a 30-m sprint test, the V-cut test, a repeated sprint ability, and the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (IFT) during the pre-season period. Interlimb asymmetries were calculated for SLCMJ and OLHT. Injuries were recorded prospectively for the entirety of the 2017-2018 season. Comparison of injury and noninjury data was performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results of the ANOVA according to injury showed significant differences in CMJ (p = 0.01), SLCMJ on the lowest performing limb (p = 0.03), and SLCMJ asymmetry (<0.001). Sex × injury interaction was significant from CMJ (p = 0.018) and 30-15 IFT (p = <0.001). In conclusion, this study indicated that athletes with greater interlimb asymmetries, less vertical jump capacity, and lower intermittent aerobic fitness had a greater predisposition to injury. Therefore, monitoring CMJ, aerobic performance, and interlimb asymmetries is recommended given their sensitivity to detect significant differences between injured and healthy youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain.,Segle XXI Female Basketball Team, Catalan Federation of Basketball, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Montse Pujol-Marzo
- Consell Català de l'Esport, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Arboix-Alió
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
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Till K, Eisenmann J, Emmonds S, Jones B, Mitchell T, Cowburn I, Tee J, Holmes N, Lloyd RS. A Coaching Session Framework to Facilitate Long-Term Athletic Development. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jukic I, Calleja-González J, Cos F, Cuzzolin F, Olmo J, Terrados N, Njaradi N, Sassi R, Requena B, Milanovic L, Krakan I, Chatzichristos K, Alcaraz PE. Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:E56. [PMID: 32344657 PMCID: PMC7240607 DOI: 10.3390/sports8040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete's living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete's needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (L.M.); (I.K.)
- Biotrenning Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julio Calleja-González
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (L.M.); (I.K.)
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 00118 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Francesc Cos
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 00118 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.E.A.)
- National Institute of Physical Education (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Olmo
- Football Science Institute, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.O.); (B.R.)
| | - Nicolas Terrados
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Deportiva, Avilés and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Nenad Njaradi
- Football Club Deportivo Alavés, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | | | - Bernardo Requena
- Football Science Institute, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.O.); (B.R.)
| | - Luka Milanovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (L.M.); (I.K.)
- Biotrenning Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krakan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.J.); (L.M.); (I.K.)
- Biotrenning Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- Strength and Conditioning Society, 00118 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.E.A.)
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Motor Competence and Physical Performance in Young Female Volleyball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051755. [PMID: 32182680 PMCID: PMC7084803 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although neuromuscular training (NMT) emphasizes injury prevention training, there is little information about its effects on performance in young athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight-weeks NMT on motor competence and physical performance in 10- to 12-year-old female volleyball players. Sixty-six participants (mean ± SD; 11.05 ± 0.72 years) were randomized into either the NMT group (NTG; n = 32) or control group (CON; n = 34). Sprint on 10-m, modified T-test, plank, vertical jump, and medicine ball throw tests were used to assess the physical performance. The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the subjects’ motor competence. The NMT was performed twice a week during the first 30 min of each regularly scheduled 90-minute volleyball training. Participants in the CON group attended only their regular volleyball training. A significant group x time interaction was found for Motor Quotient KTK (MQKTK) (p < 0.001), KTK lateral jumps (p < 0.001), and KTK shifting platforms (p < 0.01). There was a significant interaction for modified T-test results (p < 0.001) and vertical jump (p = 0.04). No change was observed in both groups for plank performance (p > 0.05). The NMT promoted significant gains in motor competence and physical performance in youth female volleyball players.
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Blagrove RC, Howe LP, Howatson G, Hayes PR. Strength and Conditioning for Adolescent Endurance Runners. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Panagoulis C, Chatzinikolaou A, Avloniti A, Leontsini D, Deli CK, Draganidis D, Stampoulis T, Oikonomou T, Papanikolaou K, Rafailakis L, Kambas A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. In-Season Integrative Neuromuscular Strength Training Improves Performance of Early-Adolescent Soccer Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:516-526. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Duncan MJ, Hames T, Eyre ELJ. Sequencing Effects of Object Control and Locomotor Skill During Integrated Neuromuscular Training in 6- to 7-Year-Old Children. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2262-2274. [PMID: 29461411 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Duncan, MJ, Hames, T, and Eyre, ELJ. Sequencing effects of object control and locomotor skill during integrated neuromuscular training in 6- to 7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2262-2274, 2019-This study examined whether scheduling of object control (e.g., throwing, catching) and locomotor skills (e.g., running, jumping), within an integrated neuromuscular training program, result in different responses in motor competence, muscular fitness, and perceived motor competence in 6- to 7-year-old children. Seventy-seven boys and 63 girls (N = 140) from 3 primary schools were randomized into 3, 10-week interventions: Loco First (n = 50) where locomotor skills were performed first followed by object control skills, Object First (n = 48) where object control skills were performed first followed by locomotor skills, and a control group (CON) (n = 42) who undertook school physical education. Results indicated greater total motor competence in Loco First and Object First vs. CON (p = 0.001) with the increases in motor competence being greater for Object First vs. Loco First (p = 0.001). Sprint speed (10 m) was lower for object first vs. CON (p = 0.024). Standing long jump distance was greater in Loco First vs. CON (p = 0.0001) and Object First (p = 0.0001). Seated medicine ball throw distance was greater for Loco First and Object First vs. CON (both p = 0.001). Perceived motor competence was also higher for Object First vs. Loco First (p = 0.005) and CON (p = 0.001). This study suggests that scheduling object control skills before locomotor skills within school-based strength and conditioning has a greater effect on motor competence, muscular fitness, and perceived motor competence in 6- to 7-year-old children.
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Drury B, Ratel S, Clark CC, Fernandes JF, Moran J, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E70. [PMID: 33467385 PMCID: PMC7739302 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the role of eccentric resistance training in youth and how this training modality can be utilized within long-term physical development. Current literature on responses to eccentric exercise in youth has demonstrated that potential concerns, such as fatigue and muscle damage, compared to adults are not supported. Considering the importance of resistance training for youth athletes and the benefits of eccentric training in enhancing strength, power, speed, and resistance to injury, its inclusion throughout youth may be warranted. In this review we provide a brief overview of the physiological responses to exercise in youth with specific reference to the different responses to eccentric resistance training between children, adolescents, and adults. Thereafter, we discuss the importance of ensuring that force absorption qualities are trained throughout youth and how these may be influenced by growth and maturation. In particular, we propose practical methods on how eccentric resistance training methods can be implemented in youth via the inclusion of efficient landing mechanics, eccentric hamstrings strengthening and flywheel inertia training. This article proposes that the use of eccentric resistance training in youth should be considered a necessity to help develop both physical qualities that underpin sporting performance, as well as reducing injury risk. However, as with any other training modality implemented within youth, careful consideration should be given in accordance with an individual's maturity status, training history and technical competency as well as being underpinned by current long-term physical development guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Drury
- Department of Applied Sport Sciences, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, England, UK;
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P, EA 3533), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5RW, England, UK;
| | - John F.T. Fernandes
- Department of Applied Sport Sciences, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, England, UK;
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3WA, UK;
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7C, Canada;
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Gebel A, Lesinski M, Behm DG, Granacher U. Effects and Dose-Response Relationship of Balance Training on Balance Performance in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2019; 48:2067-2089. [PMID: 29736728 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects and dose-response relationships of balance training on measures of balance are well-documented for healthy young and old adults. However, this has not been systematically studied in youth. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to quantify effects of balance training (BT) on measures of static and dynamic balance in healthy children and adolescents. Additionally, dose-response relations for BT modalities (e.g. training period, frequency, volume) were quantified through the analysis of controlled trials. DATA SOURCES A computerized systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science from January 1986 until June 2017 to identify articles related to BT in healthy trained and untrained children and adolescents. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A systematic approach was used to evaluate articles that examined the effects of BT on balance outcomes in youth. Controlled trials with pre- and post-measures were included if they examined healthy youth with a mean age of 6-19 years and assessed at least one measure of balance (i.e. static/dynamic steady-state balance, reactive balance, proactive balance) with behavioural (e.g. time during single-leg stance) or biomechanical (e.g. centre of pressure displacements during single-leg stance) test methods. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were coded for the following criteria: training modalities (i.e. training period, frequency, volume), balance outcomes (i.e. static and dynamic balance) as well as chronological age, sex (male vs. female), training status (trained vs. untrained), setting (school vs. club), and testing method (biomechanical vs. physical fitness test). Weighted mean standardized mean differences (SMDwm) were calculated using a random-effects model to compute overall intervention effects relative to active and passive control groups. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and χ2 statistics. A multivariate random effects meta-regression was computed to explain the influence of key training modalities (i.e. training period, training frequency, total number of training sessions, duration of training sessions, and total duration of training per week) on the effectiveness of BT on measures of balance performance. Further, subgroup univariate analyses were computed for each training modality. Additionally, dose-response relationships were characterized independently by interpreting the modality specific magnitude of effect sizes. Methodological quality of the included studies was rated with the help of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. RESULTS Overall, our literature search revealed 198 hits of which 17 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Irrespective of age, sex, training status, sport discipline and training method, moderate to large BT-related effects were found for measures of static (SMDwm = 0.71) and dynamic (SMDwm = 1.03) balance in youth. However, our subgroup analyses did not reveal any statistically significant effects of the moderator variables age, sex, training status, setting and testing method on overall balance (i.e. aggregation of static and dynamic balance). BT-related effects in adolescents were moderate to large for measures of static (SMDwm = 0.61) and dynamic (SMDwm = 0.86) balance. With regard to the dose-response relationships, findings from the multivariate random effects meta-regression revealed that none of the examined training modalities predicted the effects of BT on balance performance in adolescents (R2 = 0.00). In addition, results from univariate analysis have to be interpreted with caution because training modalities were computed as single factors irrespective of potential between-modality interactions. For training period, 12 weeks of training achieved the largest effect (SMDwm = 1.40). For training frequency, the largest effect was found for two sessions per week (SMDwm = 1.29). For total number of training sessions, the largest effect was observed for 24-36 sessions (SMDwm = 1.58). For the modality duration of a single training session, 4-15 min reached the largest effect (SMDwm = 1.03). Finally, for the modality training per week, a total duration of 31-60 min per week (SMDwm = 1.33) provided the largest effects on overall balance in adolescents. Methodological quality of the studies was rated as moderate with a median PEDro score of 6.0. LIMITATIONS Dose-response relationships were calculated independently for training modalities (i.e. modality specific) and not interdependently. Training intensity was not considered for the calculation of dose-response relationships because the included studies did not report this training modality. Further, the number of included studies allowed the characterization of dose-response relationships in adolescents for overall balance only. In addition, our analyses revealed a considerable between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 66-83%). The results of this meta-analysis have to be interpreted with caution due to their preliminary status. CONCLUSIONS BT is a highly effective means to improve balance performance with moderate to large effects on static and dynamic balance in healthy youth irrespective of age, sex, training status, setting and testing method. The examined training modalities did not have a moderating effect on balance performance in healthy adolescents. Thus, we conclude that an additional but so far unidentified training modality may have a major effect on balance performance that was not assessed in our analysis. Training intensity could be a promising candidate. However, future studies are needed to find appropriate methods to assess BT intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnd Gebel
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Lesinski
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
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Integrative Neuromuscular Training in Young Athletes, Injury Prevention, and Performance Optimization: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence by assessing the effectiveness of integrative neuromuscular training programs in injury prevention and sports performance in young athletes. Different data sources were analyzed up to January 2018. Eligible studies contained information on population (young athletes), intervention (neuromuscular training), comparator (control group or another exercise intervention), outcomes (injury prevention or sport performance), and study design (randomized trials or prospective studies). The trials were restricted based on the language (English) and for publication date (after January 1st, 2007). Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included: Seven included dynamic stability-related outcomes. Three assessed the coordination performing fundamental movements and sport-specific skills, while other five studies analyzed muscle strength and two assessed plyometric tests. Agility was evaluated in three studies and speed tests were also considered by four studies. Finally, fatigue resistance in three studies and injury risk in four were assessed. This review provides evidence that integrative neuromuscular training programs can enhance performance and injury prevention in young athletes, taken into account that adherence to the training program is adequate. Collectively, well-designed, randomized studies are necessary to collaborate with the present findings.
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Validity of an On-Field Readaptation Program Following a Hamstring Injury in Professional Soccer. J Sport Rehabil 2019; 28:jsr.2018-0203. [PMID: 30426832 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Despite the presence of various injury prevention programs, the rate of hamstring injuries and reinjuries is increasing in soccer, warranting the need for a soccer-specific rehabilitation program. Objective: To develop and validate a new, functional on-field program for the rehabilitation and readaptation of soccer players after a hamstring strain injury through a panel of experts; and determine the usefulness of the program through its application in professional soccer players. Design: A 13-item program was developed, which was validated by a panel of experts and later applied to professional soccer players. Setting: Soccer training ground. Participants: Fifteen strength and conditioning and rehabilitation fitness coaches with a professional experience of 15.40 (1.57) years in elite clubs and national teams in Europe validated the program. The program was later applied to 19 professional soccer players of the Spanish First Division (La Liga). Interventions: Once a player sustained a clinically diagnosed injury, the player would first be subject to mobilization and strengthening exercises in the gym after undergoing treatment by percutaneous needle electrolysis. The player would then complete an on-field readaptation program consisting of 13 drills arranged in a progressive manner in terms of complexity. The drills integrated various aspects of repeated sprint abilities, retraining and reeducation of biomechanical patterns, and neuromuscular control of the core and lower limbs. Main Outcome Measures: Aiken’s V for each item of the program and number of days taken by the players to return to play. Results: The experts evaluated all items of the program very highly, as seen from Aiken’s V values between 0.78 and 0.98 (0.63–0.99) for all drills, while the return to play was in 22.42 (2.32) days. Conclusion: This program has the potential to help a player suffering from a hamstring strain injury to adapt to real-match conditions in the readaptation phase through the application of sports-specific drills that were very similar to the different injury mechanisms.
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Wright MD, Atkinson G. Changes in Sprint-Related Outcomes During a Period of Systematic Training in a Girls' Soccer Academy. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:793-800. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Duncan MJ, Eyre ELJ, Oxford SW. The Effects of 10-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training on Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Self-efficacy in 6-7-Year-Old Children. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3348-3356. [PMID: 28346315 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Duncan, MJ, Eyre, ELJ, and Oxford, SW. The effects of 10-week integrated neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical self-efficacy in 6-7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3348-3356, 2018-Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) has been suggested as an effective means to enhance athletic potential in children. However, few studies have reported the effects of school-based INT programs. This study examined the effect of INT on process and product fundamental movement skill measures and physical self-efficacy in 6-7-year-old children. Ninety-four children from 2 primary schools were randomized into either a 10-week INT program or a control group (CON) (n = 41). Results indicated significantly greater increases in process fundamental movement skill (FMS) scores in INT vs. CON (p = 0.001). For product measures of FMS, 10-m sprint time, counter movement jump, seated medicine ball throw and standing long jump (all p = 0.001), all significantly increased to a greater extent in the INT group vs. CON. A significant group (INT vs. CON) × time (pre vs. post) × gender interaction for physical self-efficacy revealed increased physical self-efficacy pre to post INT, compared with CON but only for boys (p = 0.001). For girls, physical self-efficacy was not significantly different before to after the 10-week period for INT and CON groups. The results of this study suggest that replacing 1 of the 2 weekly statutory physical education (PE) lessons with an INT program over a 10-week period results in positive improvements in fundamental movement skill quality and outcomes in 6-7-year-old children. Integrated neuromuscular training also appears to increase physical self-esteem to a greater extent than statutory PE but only in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duncan
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Arede J, Vaz R, Franceschi A, Gonzalo-Skok O, Leite N. Effects of a combined strength and conditioning training program on physical abilities in adolescent male basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:1298-1305. [PMID: 30468355 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an in-season strength and conditioning program on physical abilities in under-16 sub-elite basketball players. METHODS Sixteen young male basketball players were assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 10-meters sprint and Pro Agility Test, before and after an 8-week in-season strength and conditioning program. Both the control group (BASK; N.=7) and the experimental group (SC; N.=9) were involved in regular basketball practice; additionally, the SC group performed 4 sessions per week of training intervention considering postmatch days and prior days to next match. The training protocol consisted of three components: a stabilization block, a neuromuscular/strength block (i.e. circuit of mobility, plyometric, coordination, reaction, and stability exercises) and a power block (i.e. resisted movement training performed with VertiMax V6 platform). RESULTS Substantial improvements in CMJ (likely; d=0.30-0.47) were found in both groups. Moreover, the SC group displayed substantial increase in SJ (likely; d=0.07-1.26) and also in 10 m-sprint (d=-0.13-1.34). The between-group analysis also revealed greater improvements for the SC group in 10-m sprint (d=1.37) and SJ (d=0.50). CONCLUSIONS In -season regular basketball practice plus strength and conditioning training program can lead to a greater improvement on jumping and sprinting abilities in male young basketball players comparing to the regular basketball training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arede
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal -
| | - Rafael Vaz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alberto Franceschi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Leite
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Fernandez-Fernandez J, Granacher U, Sanz-Rivas D, Sarabia Marín JM, Hernandez-Davo JL, Moya M. Sequencing Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Physical Fitness in Youth Elite Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:849-856. [PMID: 29140914 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fernandez-Fernandez, J, Granacher, U, Sanz-Rivas, D, Sarabia Marín, JM, Hernandez-Davo, JL, and Moya, M. Sequencing effects of neuromuscular training on physical fitness in youth elite tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 849-856, 2018-The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a 5-week neuromuscular training (NMT) implemented before or after a tennis session in prepubertal players on selected components of physical fitness. Sixteen high-level tennis players with a mean age of 12.9 ± 0.4 years participated in this study, and were assigned to either a training group performing NMT before tennis-specific training (BT; n = 8) or a group that conducted NMT after tennis-specific training (AT; n = 8). Pretest and posttest included: speed (5, 10, and 20 m); modified 5-0-5 agility test; countermovement jump (CMJ); overhead medicine ball throw (MBT); and serve velocity (SV). Results showed that the BT group achieved positive effects from pretest to posttest measures in speed (d = 0.52, 0.32, and 1.08 for 5, 10, and 20 m respectively), 5-0-5 (d = 0.22), CMJ (d = 0.29), MBT (d = 0.51), and SV (d = 0.32), whereas trivial (10 m, 20 m, CMJ, SV, and MBT) or negative effects (d = -0.19 and -0.24 for 5 m and 5-0-5, respectively) were reported for the AT group. The inclusion of an NMT session before the regular tennis training led to positive effects from pretest to posttest measures in performance-related variables (i.e., jump, sprint, change of direction capacity, as well as upper-body power), whereas conducting the same exercise sessions after the regular tennis training was not accompanied by the same improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Moya
- Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
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Read PJ, Jimenez P, Oliver JL, Lloyd RS. Injury prevention in male youth soccer: Current practices and perceptions of practitioners working at elite English academies. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1423-1431. [PMID: 29019743 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1389515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Forty-one practitioners inclusive of physiotherapists, sports scientists and strength and conditioning coaches from the academies of elite soccer clubs in the United Kingdom completed an on-line questionnaire which examined their: (1) background information; (2) perceptions of injury occurrence and risk factors; (3) screening and return to play; and (4) approach to designing and delivering injury prevention programmes with a response rate of 55% (41/75). Contact injuries were the most common mechanism reported and players between 13-16 years of age were perceived to be at the greatest risk. Pertinent risk factors included: reduced lower limb and eccentric hamstring strength, proprioception, muscle imbalances, and under developed foundational movement skills. Joint range of motion, jump tests, the functional movement screen, overhead and single leg squats were the most utilised screening methods. Training modalities rated in order of importance included: resistance training, flexibility development, agility, plyometrics and balance training. Training frequency was most commonly once or twice per week, during warm-ups, independent sessions or a combination of both. Injury prevention strategies in this cohort appear to be logical; however, the classification of injury occurrence and application of screening tools to identify "at risk" players do not align with existing research. The frequency and type of training used may also be insufficient to elicit an appropriate stimulus to address pertinent risk factors based on current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Read
- a Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre , Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital , Doha , Qatar.,b Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , Wales , UK
| | - Pablo Jimenez
- b Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , Wales , UK
| | - Jon L Oliver
- b Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , Wales , UK.,c Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Rhodri S Lloyd
- b Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport , Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , Wales , UK.,c Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.,d Department of Physical Education and Sports , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,e Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance , Waikato Institute of Technology , Hamilton , New Zealand
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