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Jin C, Chen H, Xie L, Zhou Y, Liu LL, Wu J. GPCRs involved in metabolic diseases: pharmacotherapeutic development updates. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1321-1336. [PMID: 38326623 PMCID: PMC11192902 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues, and activation of GPCRs is involved in enormous metabolic pathways, including nutrient synthesis, transportation, storage or insulin sensitivity, etc. This review intends to summarize the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and mechanisms by a series of GPCRs, such as GPR91, GPR55, GPR119, GPR109a, GPR142, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120. With deep understanding of GPCR's structure and signaling pathways, it is attempting to uncover the role of GPCRs in major metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which the global prevalence has risen during last two decades. An extensive list of agonists and antagonists with their chemical structures in a nature of small molecular compounds for above-mentioned GPCRs is provided as pharmacologic candidates, and their preliminary data of preclinical studies are discussed. Moreover, their beneficial effects in correcting abnormalities of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and dyslipidemia are summarized when clinical trials have been undertaken. Thus, accumulating data suggest that these agonists or antagonists might become as new pharmacotherapeutic candidates for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Kim HY, Choi JH. TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans. Appetite 2024; 200:107561. [PMID: 38905855 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the bitter taste receptor gene taste receptor type 2, member 38 (TAS2R38) is associated with an individual's bitter taste sensitivity, food preference and consumption, which may also influence overall diet quality. This study aims to determine whether the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor genetic variation is associated with overall diet quality using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). A total of 41,839 individuals from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed for their TAS2R38 diplotypes (rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939), general characteristics, and KHEI scores by obesity status. Results revealed that in the non-obese group, individuals with the AVI/AVI diplotype had a significantly higher score of 'ratio of white meat to red meat' than individuals with the PAV/* diplotype (3.89 ± 3.23 vs. 3.79 ± 3.18, adjusted p = 0.029). However, obese individuals with the PAV/* diplotype showed a significantly higher level of the mean score of 'moderation' (19.32 ± 5.82 vs. 18.92 ± 5.80, adjusted p = 0.026) and total KHEI score (61.07 ± 12.19 vs. 60.52 ± 12.29, adjusted p = 0.008) than those with the AVI/AVI diplotype. Finally, an interactive effect between bitterness genetic variation and obesity level was observed in those scores of 'ratio of white meat to red meat' (adjusted p = 0.007), 'moderation' (adjusted p = 0.013), and total KEHI (adjusted p = 0.007). In conclusion, TAS2R38 genetic variation is associated with overall diet quality in Koreans, which is more evident in the obese group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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3
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Arntsen C, Guillemin J, Audette K, Stanley M. Tastant-receptor interactions: insights from the fruit fly. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1394697. [PMID: 38665300 PMCID: PMC11043608 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1394697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Across species, taste provides important chemical information about potential food sources and the surrounding environment. As details about the chemicals and receptors responsible for gustation are discovered, a complex view of the taste system is emerging with significant contributions from research using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism. In this brief review, we summarize recent advances in Drosophila gustation and their relevance to taste research more broadly. Our goal is to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the first step of gustatory circuits: ligand-receptor interactions in primary taste cells. After an introduction to the Drosophila taste system and how it encodes the canonical taste modalities sweet, bitter, and salty, we describe recent insights into the complex nature of carboxylic acid and amino acid detection in the context of sour and umami taste, respectively. Our analysis extends to non-canonical taste modalities including metals, fatty acids, and bacterial components, and highlights unexpected receptors and signaling pathways that have recently been identified in Drosophila taste cells. Comparing the intricate molecular and cellular underpinnings of how ligands are detected in vivo in fruit flies reveals both specific and promiscuous receptor selectivity for taste encoding. Throughout this review, we compare and contextualize these Drosophila findings with mammalian research to not only emphasize the conservation of these chemosensory systems, but to demonstrate the power of this model organism in elucidating the neurobiology of taste and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Molly Stanley
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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4
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Walmsley R, Chong L, Hii MW, Brown RM, Sumithran P. The effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of gastrointestinal taste receptors: A systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:421-446. [PMID: 38206483 PMCID: PMC10942945 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nutrient sensing via taste receptors may contribute to weight loss, metabolic improvements, and a reduced preference for sweet and fatty foods following bariatric surgery. This review aimed to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the expression of oral and post-oral gastrointestinal taste receptors and associations between taste receptor alterations and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. A systematic review was conducted to capture data from both human and animal studies on changes in the expression of taste receptors in oral or post-oral gastrointestinal tissue following any type of bariatric surgery. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsychInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two human and 21 animal studies were included. Bariatric surgery alters the quantity of many sweet, umami, and fatty acid taste receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes to the expression of sweet and amino acid receptors occur most often in intestinal segments surgically repositioned more proximally, such as the alimentary limb after gastric bypass. Conversely, changes to fatty acid receptors were observed more frequently in the colon than in the small intestine. Significant heterogeneity in the methodology of included studies limited conclusions regarding the direction of change in taste receptor expression induced by bariatric surgeries. Few studies have investigated associations between taste receptor expression and clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery. As such, future studies should look to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery-induced changes to gut taste receptor expression and function and the impact of surgery on taste preferences, food palatability, and eating behaviour.Registration code in PROSPERO: CRD42022313992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Walmsley
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn Chong
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W Hii
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Victoria, Australia.
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5
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Tu K, Zhou M, Tan JJ, Markos L, Cloud C, Zhou M, Hayashi N, Rawson NE, Margolskee RF, Wang H. Chronic social defeat stress broadly inhibits gene expression in the peripheral taste system and alters taste responses in mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 275:114446. [PMID: 38128683 PMCID: PMC10843841 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Human studies have linked stress exposure to unhealthy eating behavior. However, the mechanisms that drive stress-associated changes in eating behavior remain incompletely understood. The sense of taste plays important roles in food preference and intake. In this study, we use a chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in mice to address whether chronic stress impacts taste sensation and gene expression in taste buds and the gut. Our results showed that CSDS significantly elevated circulating levels of corticosterone and acylated ghrelin while lowering levels of leptin, suggesting a change in metabolic hormones that promotes food consumption. Stressed mice substantially increased their intake of food and water 3-5 days after the stress onset and gradually gained more body weight than that of controls. Moreover, CSDS significantly decreased the expression of multiple taste receptors and signaling molecules in taste buds and reduced mRNA levels of several taste progenitor/stem cell markers and regulators. Stressed mice showed significantly reduced sensitivity and response to umami and sweet taste compounds in behavioral tests. In the small intestine, the mRNA levels of Gnat3 and Tas1r2 were elevated in CSDS mice. The increased Gnat3 was mostly localized in a type of Gnat3+ and CD45+ immune cells, suggesting changes of immune cell distribution in the gut of stressed mice. Together, our study revealed broad effects of CSDS on the peripheral taste system and the gut, which may contribute to stress-associated changes in eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Tu
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Mary Zhou
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Ave., Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Jidong J Tan
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Chemistry, the University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loza Markos
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cameron Cloud
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lafayette College, 730 High St., Easton, PA 18042, USA
| | - Minliang Zhou
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nancy E Rawson
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert F Margolskee
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- The Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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6
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Huang J, Suzuki M, Endo A, Watanabe A, Sakata I. The role of free fatty acid receptor-1 in gastric contractions in Suncus murinus. Food Funct 2024; 15:2221-2233. [PMID: 38318756 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Motilin is an important hormonal regulator in the migrating motor complex (MMC). Free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1, also known as GPR40) has been reported to stimulate motilin release in human duodenal organoids. However, how FFAR1 regulates gastric motility in vivo is unclear. This study investigated the role of FFAR1 in the regulation of gastric contractions and its possible mechanism of action using Suncus murinus. Firstly, intragastric administration of oleic acid (C18:1, OA), a natural ligand for FFAR1, stimulated phase II-like contractions, followed by phase III-like contractions in the fasted state, and the gastric emptying rate was accelerated. The administration of GW1100, an FFAR1 antagonist, inhibited the effects of OA-induced gastric contractions. Intravenous infusion of a ghrelin receptor antagonist (DLS) or serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor antagonist (GR125487) inhibited phase II-like contractions and prolonged the onset of phase III-like contractions induced by OA. MA-2029, a motilin receptor antagonist, delayed the occurrence of phase III-like contractions. In vagotomized suncus, OA did not induce phase II-like contractions. In addition, OA promoted gastric emptying through a vagal pathway during the postprandial period. However, OA did not directly act on the gastric body to induce contractions in vitro. In summary, this study indicates that ghrelin, motilin, 5-HT, and the vagus nerve are involved in the role of FFAR1 regulating MMC. Our findings provide novel evidence for the involvement of nutritional factors in the regulation of gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Miu Suzuki
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ami Endo
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
- Research Area of Evolutionary Molecular Design, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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7
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Kim MA, Kim SM, Lee HS. Oral/taste sensitivity to non-esterified long-chain fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:599-606. [PMID: 38274177 PMCID: PMC10805736 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding human oral/taste sensitivity to long-chain non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with varying physicochemical properties is essential to reducing the intake of fats and altering the intake composition. This study investigated the differences in human taste sensitivity to two NEFA: oleic acid and linoleic acid. Twenty-four female subjects were divided into two equal sensitivity groups, and they performed discrimination tests for both fatty acids against bottled water using either the triangle or the DR A-Not A test. To achieve an accurate measurement of NEFA sensitivity, the stimulus was carefully prepared, avoiding additives that could interfere with the binding of fatty acids to receptors. Stimuli concentrations were selected to be within the lowest range (9.9 to 177.3 μM) evaluated in previous research. Through a systematic stimulus control process, this study confirmed that greater sensitivity was exhibited to linoleic acid than oleic acid, resulting in better discrimination than previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Sun-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
| | - Hye-Seong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
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8
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Zhang X, Guseinov AA, Jenkins L, Li K, Tikhonova IG, Milligan G, Zhang C. Structural basis for the ligand recognition and signaling of free fatty acid receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2384. [PMID: 38198545 PMCID: PMC10780892 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptors 1 to 4 (FFA1 to FFA4) are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FFA1 to FFA3 share substantial sequence similarity, whereas FFA4 is unrelated. However, FFA1 and FFA4 are activated by long-chain fatty acids, while FFA2 and FFA3 respond to short-chain fatty acids generated by intestinal microbiota. FFA1, FFA2, and FFA4 are potential drug targets for metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we determined the active structures of FFA1 and FFA4 bound to docosahexaenoic acid, FFA4 bound to the synthetic agonist TUG-891, and butyrate-bound FFA2, each complexed with an engineered heterotrimeric Gq protein (miniGq), by cryo-electron microscopy. Together with computational simulations and mutagenesis studies, we elucidated the similarities and differences in the binding modes of fatty acid ligands to their respective GPCRs. Our findings unveiled distinct mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. We anticipate that these outcomes will facilitate structure-based drug development and underpin future research on this group of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Abdul-Akim Guseinov
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Cryo-EM Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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9
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Günalan E, Karagöz ME, Cıvaş CC, Bilgin VA, Erdogan CS, Güven A, Yılmaz B, Gemici B. The effect of maternal period nutritional status on oro-sensorial fat perception and taste preference in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2861-2873. [PMID: 36943662 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
CD36 and GPR120 play an important role in the perception and preference for fat-rich food consumption. We aimed to investigate the relationship between oro-gustatory perception of lipids, fatty taste preference, and maternal (Gestation + Lactation)-maturation period nutrition status in offspring Sprague-Dawley rats. In our study, mother rats were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during gestation (21 days) and lactation (21 days) periods. After weaning, the offspring were fed with control (C) or high-fat diets (HFD) during the maturation (120 days) period. Daily calorie intake and weekly body weight measurements were monitored. Two-bottle preference (TBPT) and licking tests measured the fat perceptions and preferences. Plasma levels of insulin, leptin, glucose, and triglyceride were measured. The protein and mRNA expressions of CD36 and GPR120 in the circumvallate papillae (CVP) were determined. The 48 h TBPT results revealed that maternal HFD-exposed offspring rats significantly preferred 2% rapeseed oil solution regardless of the type of maturation diet. According to the licking test, C/C group (C diet exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) offspring licked 0.1% oleic acid-containing water more than C/HFD (C diet exposed in maternal period and HFD exposed group in maturation period) and HFD/HFD group. (HFD exposed group in maternal and maturation periods) groups. Plasma insulin and leptin concentrations significantly increased in HFD/HFD groups compared to C/C group. CD36 protein expressions were significantly lower in HFD/HFD than C/HFD and HFD/C groups. GPR120 and GNAT3 mRNA expressions in HFD/C group were significantly higher than in C/HFD group. Our results suggest that HFD exposure during maternal and maturation period may play a role in fat perception/preference through oral lipid sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Günalan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meyli Ezgi Karagöz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Civan Cıvaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Adem Bilgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Suleyman Erdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Güven
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yılmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhang X, Guseinov AA, Jenkins L, Li K, Tikhonova IG, Milligan G, Zhang C. Structural basis for the ligand recognition and signaling of free fatty acid receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.20.553924. [PMID: 37662198 PMCID: PMC10473637 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.20.553924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptors 1-4 (FFA1-4) are class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). FFA1-3 share substantial sequence similarity whereas FFA4 is unrelated. Despite this FFA1 and FFA4 are activated by the same range of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) whilst FFA2 and FFA3 are instead activated by short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated by the intestinal microbiota. Each of FFA1, 2 and 4 are promising targets for novel drug development in metabolic and inflammatory conditions. To gain insights into the basis of ligand interactions with, and molecular mechanisms underlying activation of, FFAs by LCFAs and SCFAs, we determined the active structures of FFA1 and FFA4 bound to the polyunsaturated LCFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), FFA4 bound to the synthetic agonist TUG-891, as well as SCFA butyrate-bound FFA2, each complexed with an engineered heterotrimeric Gq protein (miniGq), by cryo-electron microscopy. Together with computational simulations and mutagenesis studies, we elucidated the similarities and differences in the binding modes of fatty acid ligands with varying chain lengths to their respective GPCRs. Our findings unveil distinct mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. We anticipate that these outcomes will facilitate structure-based drug development and underpin future research to understand allosteric modulation and biased signaling of this group of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15261, USA
| | - Abdul-Akim Guseinov
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Cryo-EM core facility, Case Western Reserve University, OH44106, USA
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15261, USA
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11
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Shanmugamprema D, Muthuswamy K, Ponnusamy V, Subramanian G, Vasanthakumar K, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. Exercise modifies fatty acid perception and metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13968. [PMID: 36971699 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a major public health issue, which is associated with several chronic diseases. In rodents, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a type of exercise that influences ingestive behavior. This study aims to investigate the possible function of VWR activity in the perception of fat taste and if it mitigates the immediate effects of fatty acid (FA) ingestion. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were arbitrarily assigned to either a sedentary (SED) lifestyle or free access to a running wheel after 5 weeks of dietary regimen. Later these mice groups were used in the investigations on fat preference, metabolic tolerance, and electrophysiology. Diet-induced alterations in CD36 and GPR120 expression that are related to fat perception and the capacitative calcium signaling caused by FA in taste bud cells (TBCs) were also examined. RESULTS In obese groups, VWR temporarily reduced body weight, demonstrated improvement in preference scores for FA, and recovered from a deterioration in glucose homeostasis. In CD36-positive TBCs, electrophysiological investigations showed alterations in [Ca2+ ]i caused by FA. Further, in the TBCs of circumvallate papillae, there are differences in the expression of the genes CD36 and GPR120 between the active and SED controls. Obese mice also show lower incentive salience for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and adapted to the reward system of VWR which may lead to improved incentive salience accredited to wheel running. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that VWR causes orosensory adaptations to fat and appears to alter taste preference for LCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankumar Shanmugamprema
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Vinithra Ponnusamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Gowtham Subramanian
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Keerthana Vasanthakumar
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Marudhamalai Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
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12
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Kouakou YI, Lee RJ. Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37317269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to "eavesdrop" on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yobouet Ines Kouakou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Martin LE, Andrewson TS, Penner MH, Lim J. Taste Detection of Maltooligosaccharides with Varying Degrees of Polymerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6699-6705. [PMID: 37083361 PMCID: PMC10561598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that humans can taste maltooligosaccharides [MOS; degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-20] but not maltopolysaccharides (MPS; DP of >20) and that their taste detection is independent of the canonical sweet taste receptor. The objectives of this study were to determine the DP ranges of target stimuli that are tasted and further to investigate the impact of DP on taste detectability. To achieve this goal, we prepared three food-grade MOS samples with narrow DP ranges using flash chromatography: low (4-6), medium (7-12), and high (14-21) DP samples. Following sample preparation, we asked subjects to discriminate the MOS stimuli from blanks after the stimuli were swabbed on the tip of tongue. All stimuli were initially presented at 75 mM. Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, was added to all stimuli, including blanks, to prevent oral hydrolysis of MOS. After determining that all three MOS samples were detected at a significant degree, we conducted follow-up studies to explore whether the detection of these samples differed at a range of concentrations (18-56 mM). The results showed that detection rates of medium- and high-DP MOS varied in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In contrast, low-DP MOS showed a consistent detection rate across concentrations tested. These results demonstrate that humans can taste MOS stimuli of all chain lengths and that relative taste detection rates are generally similar across MOS with varying chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Martin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Toren S. Andrewson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michael H. Penner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Juyun Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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14
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Kim DY, Sung JH. The effects of GPR40 agonists on hair growth are mediated by ANGPTL4. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114509. [PMID: 37002580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is found primarily in pancreatic β cells, and is well known to regulate insulin secretion. Despite numerous studies on GPR40, the role and functions of GPR40 related to hair growth are not yet known. The current study investigated hair growth promoting effect of the GPR40 agonists and its mechanism of action using various bio-informatics tools, in vitro and animal experiments. GPR40 may affect the hair cycle, according to clustering and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hair growth effect of GPR40 was validated by telogen-to-anagen transition and vibrissae organ culture in the mouse. GPR40 was predominantly expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS) in anagen stage, suggesting that ORS cell is the target of GPR40 agonists. To investigate the mechanism of action for GPR40 agonists' hair growth effect, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed and it revealed that GPR40 agonists were associated with angiogenesis. ANGPTL4, known for promoting angiogenesis, was highly up-regulated after GPR40 agonists treatment in the hORS cells, and also increased the proliferation and migration. Furthermore, GPR40 agonists promoted hair growth by inducing angiogenesis via ANGPTL4 in the animal experiment. GPR40 agonists activated MAPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) pathway in hORS cells, while the inhibition of MAPK pathway attenuated ANGPTL4 expression. Finally, GPR40 agonists increased hair growth via autocrine effects in the ORS cells, and induced angiogenesis through paracrine effects by upregulating ANGPTL4 via p38 and PPARγ pathways. As a result, GPR40 agonists have potential as a therapeutic drug for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea; Epi Biotech Co., Ltd. Incheon, South Korea.
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15
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Roy J, Baranek E, Marandel L. Characterization of free fatty acid receptor family in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): towards a better understanding of their involvement in fatty acid signalisation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:130. [PMID: 36941594 PMCID: PMC10029227 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 20 years of research, free fatty acids receptors (FFARs) have received considerable attention in mammals. To date, four FFARs (FFAR1, FFAR2, FFAR3 and FFAR4) are especially studied owing to their physiological importance in various biological processes. This ubiquitist group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are majors reports in the key physiological functions such as the regulation of energy balance, metabolism or fatty acid sensing. However, up till date, even some studies were interested in their potential involvement in fatty acid metabolism, no genome investigation of these FFARs have been carried out in teleost fish. Through genome mining and phylogenetic analysis, we identified and characterised 7 coding sequences for ffar2 in rainbow trout whereas no ffar3 nor ffar4 gene have been found. This larger repertoire of ffar2 genes in rainbow trout results from successive additional whole-genome duplications which occurred in early teleosts and salmonids, respectively. A syntenic analysis was used to assign a new nomenclature to the salmonid ffar2 and showed a clear conservation of genomic organisation, further supporting the identity of these genes as ffar2. RT-qPCR was then used to examine, firstly during ontogenesis and secondly on feeding response the expression pattern of ffar1 and ffar2 genes in proximal gut and brain of all trout ffar genes. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the ffar family in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France.
| | - Elodie Baranek
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, University of Pau and Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapole, F-64310, Saint-Pee-Sur-Nivelle, France
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16
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Kitajima S, Sakamoto K, Kuroda M. Effects of TUG-891, a potent GPR120 agonist, on the physical and oral lipid- coating properties, and secretion of saliva. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114160. [PMID: 36934827 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
GPR120 agonists were recently shown to enhance the fatty orosensation in humans when added to vegetable oil or a low-fat food system, but did not evoke it by themselves. Furthermore, an emulsion prepared from vegetable oil had a stronger fatty orosensation than that prepared from mineral oil even though the physical properties of both emulsions were similar. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the fatty orosensation by GPR120 agonists, the present study investigated the effects of TUG-891, a potent GPR120 agonist, on physical and oral lipid-coating properties and the secretion of saliva. The addition of TUG-891 to a vegetable oil emulsion did not significantly change its physical properties, such as viscosity, particle distribution, interfacial tension, contact angle, frictional load, and ζ-electric potential, or the amount of the lipid coating remaining in the oral cavity. These results indicate that TUG-891 enhanced the fatty orosensation without changing the physical or oral lipid-coating properties of the emulsion. The addition of TUG-891 to a vegetable oil emulsion and whipped cream significantly increased the amount of saliva secreted. Therefore, TUG-891, a potent GPR120 agonist, may enhance the fatty orosensation by increasing the amount of saliva secreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kitajima
- Institute of Food Sciences & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Institute of Food Sciences & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Motonaka Kuroda
- Institute of Food Sciences & Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
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17
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Widmayer P, Pregitzer P, Breer H. Short-term high fat feeding induces inflammatory responses of tuft cells and mucosal barrier cells in the murine stomach. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:273-286. [PMID: 35904321 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Feeding mice with a high fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and results in changes of gene expression and cellular composition in various tissues throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. In the stomach, tuft cells expressing the receptor GPR120 are capable of sensing saturated long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and thus may be involved in initiating mechanisms of mucosal inflammation. In this study, we assessed which cell types may additionally be affected by high fat feeding and which candidate molecular mediators might contribute to mucosa-protective immune responses. A high fat dietary intervention for 3 weeks caused an expansion of tuft cells that was accompanied by a higher frequency of mucosal mast cells and surface mucous cells which are a known source of the insult-associated cytokine interleukin 33 (IL-33). Our data demonstrate that both brush and mucosal mast cells comprise the enzyme ALOX5 and its activating protein FLAP and thus have the capacity for synthesizing leukotriene (LT). In HFD mice, several tuft cells showed a perinuclear colocalization of ALOX5 with FLAP which is indicative of an active LT synthesis. Monitoring changes in the expression of genes encoding elements of LT synthesis and signaling revealed that transcript levels of the leukotriene C4 synthase, LTC4S, catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl (cys) LTs, and the cysLT receptors, cysLTR2 and cysLTR3, were upregulated in mice on HFD. These mice also showed an increased expression level of IL-33 receptors, the membrane-bound ST2L and soluble isoform sST2, as well as the mast cell-specific protease MCPT1. Based on these findings it is conceivable that upon sensing saturated LCFAs tuft cells may elicit inflammatory responses which result in the production of cysLTs and activation of surface mucous cells as well as mucosal mast cells regulating gastric mucosal function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Widmayer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Pablo Pregitzer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Samovski D, Jacome-Sosa M, Abumrad NA. Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:317-337. [PMID: 36347219 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032122-030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are components of plasma membranes and an efficient fuel source and also serve as metabolic regulators through FA signaling mediated by membrane FA receptors. Impaired tissue FA uptake has been linked to major complications of obesity, including insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid interactions with a membrane receptor and the initiation of signaling can modify pathways related to nutrient uptake and processing, cell proliferation or differentiation, and secretion of bioactive factors. Here, we review the major membrane receptors involved in FA uptake and FA signaling. We focus on two types of membrane receptors for long-chain FAs: CD36 and the G protein-coupled FA receptors FFAR1 and FFAR4. We describe key signaling pathways and metabolic outcomes for CD36, FFAR1, and FFAR4 and highlight the parallels that provide insight into FA regulation of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Samovski
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Miriam Jacome-Sosa
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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C57bl/6 Mice Show Equivalent Taste Preferences toward Ruminant and Industrial Trans Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030610. [PMID: 36771316 PMCID: PMC9918975 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinct types of trans fatty acids (TFA) are found in the diet. Industrial TFA such as elaidic acid (EA) have deleterious effects on metabolic risk factors, and oppositely ruminant TFA including trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA) may have beneficial effects. The objective is to evaluate the taste preference between EA, TPA, lecithin or water. In this study, 24 female C57BL/6 mice were microchipped and placed in two separate IntelliCages®. Nano encapsulated TFA or lecithin were added to drinking water in different corners of the cage with normal diet. The study was carried out over 5 weeks, during which mice were exposed to water only (weeks 1 and 3), TFA or lecithin (week 2), and EA or TPA (weeks 4 and 5). Mice weights, corner visits, nose pokes (NP), and lick number were measured each week. The results demonstrated that mice consume more TFA, either EA or TPA, compared with lecithin. In addition, the mice licked more EA compared with TPA in one cage; conversely, in the other cage they licked more TPA compared with EA. However, when TFA positions were swapped, mice had equal licks for EA and TPA. In sum, mice preferred TFA, in equal matter compared with controls; therefore, the results demonstrate the potential for TFA-type substitution in diet.
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20
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Khan AS, Hichami A, Murtaza B, Louillat-Habermeyer ML, Ramseyer C, Azadi M, Yesylevskyy S, Mangin F, Lirussi F, Leemput J, Merlin JF, Schmitt A, Suliman M, Bayardon J, Semnanian S, Jugé S, Khan NA. Novel Fat Taste Receptor Agonists Curtail Progressive Weight Gain in Obese Male Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:633-663. [PMID: 36410709 PMCID: PMC9871744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The spontaneous preference for dietary lipids is principally regulated by 2 lingual fat taste receptors, CD36 and GPR120. Obese animals and most of human subjects exhibit low orosensory perception of dietary fat because of malfunctioning of these taste receptors. Our aim was to target the 2 fat taste receptors by newly synthesized high affinity fatty acid agonists to decrease fat-rich food intake and obesity. METHODS We synthesized 2 fat taste receptor agonists (FTA), NKS-3 (CD36 agonist) and NKS-5 (CD36 and GPR120 agonist). We determined their molecular dynamic interactions with fat taste receptors and the effect on Ca2+ signaling in mouse and human taste bud cells (TBC). In C57Bl/6 male mice, we assessed their gustatory perception and effects of their lingual application on activation of tongue-gut loop. We elucidated their effects on obesity and its related parameters in male mice fed a high-fat diet. RESULTS The two FTA, NKS-3 and NKS-5, triggered higher Ca2+ signaling than a dietary long-chain fatty acid in human and mouse TBC. Mice exhibited a gustatory attraction for these compounds. In conscious mice, the application of FTA onto the tongue papillae induced activation of tongue-gut loop, marked by the release of pancreato-bile juice into collecting duct and cholecystokinin and peptide YY into blood stream. Daily intake of NKS-3 or NKS-5 via feeding bottles decreased food intake and progressive weight gain in obese mice but not in control mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that targeting fat sensors in the tongue by novel chemical fat taste agonists might represent a new strategy to reduce obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Khan
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Babar Murtaza
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | | | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire ChronoEnvironnement, UMR CNRS6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France
| | - Maryam Azadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Semen Yesylevskyy
- Laboratoire ChronoEnvironnement, UMR CNRS6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Besançon, France; Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Floriane Mangin
- ICMUB-OCS, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Frederic Lirussi
- HSP-pathies, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Julia Leemput
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Francois Merlin
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Antonin Schmitt
- HSP-pathies, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Muhtadi Suliman
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bayardon
- ICMUB-OCS, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- ICMUB-OCS, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- NUTox, UMR UB/AgroSup/INSERM U1231, Lipides, Nutrition & Cancer, LABEX-LipStick, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France.
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21
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Jaime-Lara RB, Brooks BE, Vizioli C, Chiles M, Nawal N, Ortiz-Figueroa RSE, Livinski AA, Agarwal K, Colina-Prisco C, Iannarino N, Hilmi A, Tejeda HA, Joseph PV. A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:855-918. [PMID: 36409650 PMCID: PMC9678415 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and smell play a key role in our ability to perceive foods. Overconsumption of highly palatable energy-dense foods can lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Thus there is growing interest in the study of the biological mediators of fat taste and associated olfaction as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and health. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying fat taste and smell has grown rapidly in the last 5 years. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize emerging evidence examining the biological mechanisms of fat taste and smell. A literature search was conducted of studies published in English between 2014 and 2021 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for key terms including fat/lipid, taste, and olfaction. Initially, 4,062 articles were identified through database searches, and a total of 84 relevant articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria and are included in this review. Existing literature suggests that there are several proteins integral to fat chemosensation, including cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). This systematic review will discuss these proteins and the signal transduction pathways involved in fat detection. We also review neural circuits, key brain regions, ingestive cues, postingestive signals, and genetic polymorphism that play a role in fat perception and consumption. Finally, we discuss the role of fat taste and smell in the context of eating behavior and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario B. Jaime-Lara
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna E. Brooks
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mari Chiles
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland,4Section of Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nafisa Nawal
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rodrigo S. E. Ortiz-Figueroa
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- 3NIH Library, Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Claudia Colina-Prisco
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalia Iannarino
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aliya Hilmi
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- 1Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland,2Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Abe I, Oguri Y, Verkerke ARP, Monteiro LB, Knuth CM, Auger C, Qiu Y, Westcott GP, Cinti S, Shinoda K, Jeschke MG, Kajimura S. Lipolysis-derived linoleic acid drives beige fat progenitor cell proliferation. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2623-2637.e8. [PMID: 36473459 PMCID: PMC9875052 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
De novo beige adipocyte biogenesis involves the proliferation of progenitor cells in white adipose tissue (WAT); however, what regulates this process remains unclear. Here, we report that in mouse models but also in human tissues, WAT lipolysis-derived linoleic acid triggers beige progenitor cell proliferation following cold acclimation, β3-adrenoceptor activation, and burn injury. A subset of adipocyte progenitors, as marked by cell surface markers PDGFRα or Sca1 and CD81, harbored cristae-rich mitochondria and actively imported linoleic acid via a fatty acid transporter CD36. Linoleic acid not only was oxidized as fuel in the mitochondria but also was utilized for the synthesis of arachidonic acid-derived signaling entities such as prostaglandin D2. Oral supplementation of linoleic acid was sufficient to stimulate beige progenitor cell proliferation, even under thermoneutral conditions, in a CD36-dependent manner. Together, this study provides mechanistic insights into how diverse pathophysiological stimuli, such as cold and burn injury, promote de novo beige fat biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichitaro Abe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anthony R P Verkerke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauar B Monteiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carly M Knuth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gregory P Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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23
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Karmokar PF, Moniri NH. Oncogenic signaling of the free-fatty acid receptors FFA1 and FFA4 in human breast carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115328. [PMID: 36309079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women, and most breast cancer-associated deaths are due to metastasis and recurrence of the disease. Dietary habits, specifically dietary fat intake is a crucial risk factor involved in breast cancer development and progression. Decades of research has revealed that free-fatty acids (FFA) modulate carcinogenic processes through fatty acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation. The ground-breaking discovery of free-fatty acid receptors, which are members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, has led to the realization that FFA can also act via these receptors to modulate carcinogenic effects. The long-chain free-fatty acid receptors FFA1 (previously termed GPR40) and FFA4 (previously termed GPR120) are activated by mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids including ω-3, 6, and 9 fatty acids. Initial enthusiasm towards the study of these receptors focused on their insulin secretagogue and sensitization effects, and the downstream associated metabolic regulation. However, recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression and/or aberrant FFA1/FFA4 signaling are evident in human breast carcinomas, suggesting that FFA receptors could be a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer. The current review discusses the diverse roles of FFA1 and FFA4 in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance in human breast carcinoma cells and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka F Karmokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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24
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Short-chain fatty acid receptors and gut microbiota as therapeutic targets in metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Sclafani A, Ackroff K. Fat preference deficits and experience-induced recovery in global taste-deficient Trpm5 and Calhm1 knockout mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113695. [PMID: 34998826 PMCID: PMC8826513 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence that gustation mediates the preference for dietary fat in rodents. Several studies indicate that mice have fat taste receptors that activate downstream signaling elements, including TRPM5 and CALHM1 ion channels and P2×2/P2×3 purinergic gustatory nerve receptors. Experiment 1 further documented the involvement of TRPM5 in fat appetite by giving Trpm5 knockout (KO) mice, which show global taste deficits, 24-h two-bottle choice tests with ascending concentrations of soybean oil (0.1 - 10% Intralipid) vs. water. Unlike wildtype (WT) mice, naive Trpm5 KO mice were indifferent to 0.5 - 2.5% fat. They preferred 5-10% fat but consumed much less than WT mice. The same KO mice preferred all fat concentrations in a second test series, which is attributed to a postoral fat conditioned attraction to the non-taste flavor qualities of the Intralipid, although they consumed less fat than the WT mice. The fat preference deficits of the Trpm5 KO mice were as great or greater than those observed in Calhm1 KO mice, another KO line with global taste deficits. Experiment 2 examined experience-enhanced fat preferences in Trpm5 KO and Calhm1 KO mice by giving them one-bottle training with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% fat prior to two-bottle fat vs. water tests. The KO mice displayed increased two-bottle preferences for all concentrations, although they still consumed less 1% and 2.5% fat than WT mice. Thus, the postoral actions of fat induce robust preferences for fat in taste-deficient mice, but do not stimulate the high fat intakes observed in WT mice with normal fat taste signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sclafani
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America.
| | - Karen Ackroff
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, United States of America
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26
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Iwasaki N, Sakamoto K, Tajima T, Kitajima S, Kuroda M. Effects of the potent GPR120 agonist, TUG-891, on sensory characteristics of whipped cream. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Ekechukwu ON, Christian M. Metabolic responses of light and taste receptors - unexpected actions of GPCRs in adipocytes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:111-120. [PMID: 34195966 PMCID: PMC8873064 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily includes sensory receptors that can detect and respond to taste and light. Recent investigations have identified key metabolic roles for such receptors in tissues considered 'non-sensory' such as adipose tissue. The major functions of white and brown adipose tissues include energy storage/release and thermogenesis, respectively. These processes are tightly controlled by GPCR pathways that serve to maintain energy homeostasis. Opsins 3 and 4 are GPCRs activated by blue light and in adipocytes control lipolysis as well as affect brown adipocyte activity. Furthermore, Opsin 3 signals to regulate the conversion of white to thermogenic beige/BRITE (Brown-in-white) adipocytes. Taste receptors that respond to fatty acids, sweet and bitter are expressed in adipocytes as well as in taste buds. Ffar2 and the long chain fatty acid receptor GPR120 are highly expressed in white adipocytes and the human tongue. In adipose tissue Ffar2 mediates the metabolic effects of butyrate and propionate produced by the gut microbiome. GPR120 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue and regulates fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial function. The type I taste receptor Tas1r3 senses sweet and umami, is expressed in adipocytes and on obesogenic diets Tas1r3 global gene knockout protects from metabolic dysfunction. Type II taste receptors that sense bitter are expressed by adipocytes and bitter agonists have been found to modulate adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage levels. This review explores recent unexpected findings of light and taste receptors in adipocytes and examines effects of their signaling in the control of adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye Nuella Ekechukwu
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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28
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OZTURK EE, DIKMEN D. Association between fat taste sensitivity and diet quality in healthy male Turkish adults. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.66820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
During the last couples of years, a number of studies have increasingly accumulated on the gustatory perception of dietary fatty acids in rodent models and human beings in health and disease. There is still a debate to coin a specific term for the gustatory perception of dietary fatty acids either as the sixth basic taste quality or as an alimentary taste. Indeed, the psycho-physical cues of orosensory detection of dietary lipids are not as distinctly perceived as other taste qualities like sweet or bitter. The cellular and molecular pharmacological mechanisms, triggered by the binding of dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) to tongue taste bud lipid receptors like CD36 and GPR120, involve Ca2+ signaling as other five basic taste qualities. We have not only elucidated the role of Ca2+ signaling but also identified different components of the second messenger cascade like STIM1 and MAP kinases, implicated in fat taste perception. We have also demonstrated the implication of Calhm1 voltage-gated channels and store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels like Orai1, Orai1/3, and TRPC3 in gustatory perception of dietary fatty acids. We have not only employed siRNA technology in vitro and ex vivo on tissues but also used animal models of genetic invalidation of STIM1, ERK1, Orai1, Calhm1 genes to explore their implications in fat taste signal transduction. Moreover, our laboratory has also demonstrated the importance of LCFAs detection dysfunction in obesity in animal models and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition and Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Sayed Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition and Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition and Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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30
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Wooding SP, Ramirez VA. Worldwide diversity, association potential, and natural selection in the superimposed taste genes, CD36 and GNAT3. Chem Senses 2022; 47:6491270. [PMID: 34972209 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 and GNAT3 mediate taste responses, with CD36 acting as a lipid detector and GNAT3 acting as the α subunit of gustducin, a G protein governing sweet, savory, and bitter transduction. Strikingly, the genes encoding CD36 and GNAT3 are genomically superimposed, with CD36 completely encompassing GNAT3. To characterize genetic variation across the CD36-GNAT3 region, its implications for phenotypic diversity, and its recent evolution, we analyzed from ~2,500 worldwide subjects sequenced by the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP). CD36-GNAT3 harbored extensive diversity including 8,688 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 414 indels, and other complex variants. Sliding window analyses revealed that nucleotide diversity and population differentiation across CD36-GNAT3 were consistent with genome-wide trends in the 1000GP (π = 0.10%, P = 0.64; FST = 9.0%, P = 0.57). In addition, functional predictions using SIFT and PolyPhen-2 identified 60 variants likely to alter protein function, and they were in weak linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.17), suggesting their effects are largely independent. However, the frequencies of predicted functional variants were low (P¯ = 0.0013), indicating their contributions to phenotypic variance on population scales are limited. Tests using Tajima's D statistic revealed that pressures from natural selection have been relaxed across most of CD36-GNAT3 during its recent history (0.39 < P < 0.67). However, CD36 exons showed signs of local adaptation consistent with prior reports (P < 0.035). Thus, CD36 and GNAT3 harbor numerous variants predicted to affect taste sensitivity, but most are rare and phenotypic variance on a population level is likely mediated by a small number of sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Wooding
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Vicente A Ramirez
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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31
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Abstract
Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) or the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) reduces food intake. Findings in the literature suggest CCK reduces intake primarily as a satiety signal whereas GLP-1 may play a role in both satiety and reward-related feeding signals. Compounds that humans describe as âsweetâ and âfattyâ are palatable yet are signaled via separate transduction pathways. Here, unconditioned lick responses to sucrose and intralipid were measured in a brief-access lick procedure in food-restricted male rats in response to i.p. administration of Ex-4 (3 h before test), CCK (30 min before test), or a combination of both. The current experimental design measures lick responses to water and varying concentrations of both sucrose (0.03, 0.1, and 0.5 M) and intralipid (0.2%, 2%, and 20%) during 10-s trials across a 30-min single test session. This design minimized postingestive influences. Compared with saline-injected controls, CCK (1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 µg/kg) did not change lick responses to sucrose or intralipid. Number of trials initiated and lick responses to both sucrose and intralipid were reduced in rats injected with 3.0 µg/kg, but not 1.0 µg/kg Ex-4. The supplement of CCK did not alter lick responses or trials initiated compared with Ex-4 administration alone. These findings support a role for GLP-1 but not CCK in the oral responsiveness to palatable stimuli. Furthermore, Ex-4-induced reductions were observed for both sucrose and intralipid, compounds representing âsweetâ and âfat,â respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States
- Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840-090, United States.
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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32
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Yasuo T, Wood GC, Chu X, Benotti P, Still CD, Rolston DDK, Margolskee RF, Ninomiya Y, Jiang P. Expression of taste signaling elements in jejunal tissue in subjects with obesity. J Oral Biosci 2021; 64:155-158. [PMID: 34979250 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Taste-signaling proteins, which are expressed in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, may be involved in regulating metabolism and immunity via oral-gut-brain circuit. This study aimed to determine if these genes are expressed and altered in the jejunum of patients with extreme obesity after bariatric surgery. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that phospholipase C beta 2 and transient receptor potential channel M5 expressions were downregulated whereas Gustducins expression level remained unchained in the jejunum of patients with a body mass index >50. Our data suggest that taste-signaling dysregulation might contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yasuo
- Monelli Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Oral Physiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Uozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
| | - G Craig Wood
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Xin Chu
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Peter Benotti
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Christopher D Still
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - David D K Rolston
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 North Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Robert F Margolskee
- Monelli Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuzo Ninomiya
- Monelli Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidish, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misakia-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061 Japan; Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikamai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monelli Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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33
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Yoshida Y, Nishimura S, Tabata S, Kawabata F. Chicken taste receptors and perception: recent advances in our understanding of poultry nutrient-sensing systems. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2007437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshida
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nishimura
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Tabata
- Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawabata
- Physiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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34
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Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Taste Perception-A Scoping Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112747. [PMID: 34829027 PMCID: PMC8625746 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present scoping review was to evaluate the impact of experimental meal loads or observational diet changes/habits on taste tests in both healthy subjects and patients. A systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science electronic databases retrieved, respectively 2981, 6258, and 7555 articles from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 17 articles were included for full-text review. Literature results were stratified according to the observational/interventional approach, the involvement of healthy subjects or patients, the taste test, and the meal/dietary changes. The present scoping review reinforced the notions postulating that certain taste tests (for example focusing on fatty acid, salt, or sugar) might be specifically influenced by the nutritional intervention and that other ones might be susceptible to a wide span of changes beyond the extent of tastant included in the specific food changes. This could also depend on the inhomogeneity of literature trend: The short duration of the intervention or the random type of meal load, unsuitability of the taste test chosen, and the presence of underlying disorders. Future studies for a better comprehension of taste tests reliability in relation to specific food changes are thus to be fostered.
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35
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Free fatty acid receptor 1: a ray of hope in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1625-1639. [PMID: 34669065 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is a G-protein coupled receptor with prominent expression on pancreatic beta cells, bones, intestinal cells as well as the nerve cells. This receptor mediates a multitude of functions in the body including release of incretins, secretion of insulin as well as sensation of pain. Since FFAR1 causes secretion of insulin and regulates glucose metabolism, efforts were made to unfold its structure followed by discovering agonists for the receptor and the utilization of these agonists in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Development of such functional FFAR1 agonists is a necessity because the currently available therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus has numerous drawbacks, of which, the major one is hypoglycemia. Since the most prominent effect of the FFAR1 agonists is on glucose concentration in the body, so the major research is focused on treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, though the agonists could benefit other metabolic disorders and neurological disorders as well. The agonists developed so far had one major limitation, i.e., hepatotoxicity. Although, the only agonist that could reach phase 3 clinical trials was TAK-875 developed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals but it was also withdrawn due to toxic effects on the liver. Thus, there are numerous agonists for the varied binding sites of the receptor but no drug available yet. There does seem to be a ray of hope in the drugs that target FFAR1 but a lot more efforts towards drug discovery would result in the successful management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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36
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Berland C, Small DM, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. Dietary lipids as regulators of reward processes: multimodal integration matters. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:693-705. [PMID: 34148784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of energy-dense and palatable diets in the modern food environment tightly contributes to the obesity pandemic. The reward circuit participates to the regulation of body homeostasis by integrating energy-related signals with neural substrates encoding cognitive and motivational components of feeding behaviors. Obesity and lipid-rich diets alter dopamine (DA) transmission leading to reward dysfunctions and food overconsumption. Recent reports indicate that dietary lipids can act, directly and indirectly, as functional modulators of the DA circuit. This raises the possibility that nutritional or genetic conditions affecting 'lipid sensing' mechanisms might lead to maladaptations of the DA system. Here, we discuss the most recent findings connecting dietary lipid sensing with DA signaling and its multimodal influence on circuits regulating food-reward processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Berland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; Department of Medicine, The Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dana M Small
- Department of Psychiatry, and the Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases that includes obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). FFAs serve as ligands for free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) that belong to the family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are expressed throughout the body to maintain energy homeostasis under changing nutritional conditions. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 120, is a long-chain fatty acid receptor highly expressed in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Activation of FFAR4 helps maintain metabolic homeostasis by regulating adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Furthermore, dysfunction of FFAR4 is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and eccentric remodeling in both humans and mice, making FFAR4 an attractive therapeutic target for treating or preventing metabolic diseases. While much of the previous literature on FFAR4 has focused on its role in obesity and diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that FFAR4 may also play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. Most notably, FFAR4 activation reduces monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages, reduces lesion size in atherogenic mouse models, and stimulates oxylipin production in myocytes that functions in a feed-forward cardioprotective mechanism. This review will focus on the role of FFAR4 in metabolic diseases and highlights an underappreciated role of FFAR4 in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage M Stuttgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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38
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Mogi K, Kamiya I, Makino A, Hirao A, Abe R, Doi Y, Shimizu T, Ando H, Morito K, Takayama K, Ishida T, Nagasawa K. Liposomalization of Oxaliplatin Exacerbates the Non-Liposomal Formulation-Induced Decrease of Sweet Taste Sensitivity in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3937-3945. [PMID: 34246630 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether or not the characteristics of the oxaliplatin-induced sweet taste sensitivity were altered by PEGylated liposomalization of oxaliplatin (liposomal oxaliplatin), which enhances its anticancer efficacy. Liposomal oxaliplatin and oxaliplatin were intravenously and intraperitoneally, respectively, administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats at the total dose of 8 mg/kg. A brief-access test for evaluation of sweet taste sensitivity on day 7 revealed that both liposomal oxaliplatin and oxaliplatin decreased the sensitivity of rats, the degree with the former being greater than in the case of the latter. Liposomalization of oxaliplatin increased the accumulation of platinum in lingual non-epithelial tissues, through which taste nerves passed. The lingual platinum accumulation induced by not only liposomal oxaliplatin but also oxaliplatin was decreased on cooling of the tongue during the administration. In the current study, we revealed that liposomalization of oxaliplatin exacerbated the oxaliplatin-induced decrease of sweet taste sensitivity by increasing the accumulation of platinum/oxaliplatin in lingual non-epithelial tissues. These findings may suggest that reduction of liposomal oxaliplatin distribution to the tongue on cooling during the administration prevents exacerbation of the decrease of sweet taste sensitivity, maintaining the quality of life and chemotherapeutic outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mogi
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Ikumi Kamiya
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Aimi Makino
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Ayaka Hirao
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Reina Abe
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Doi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, JAPAN
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, JAPAN
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, JAPAN
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, JAPAN
| | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, JAPAN.
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Liu Y, Xu H, Dahir N, Calder A, Lin F, Gilbertson TA. GPR84 Is Essential for the Taste of Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acids. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5219-5228. [PMID: 33941648 PMCID: PMC8211552 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2530-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mammalian taste cells to respond to fatty acids (FAs) has garnered significant attention of late and has been proposed to represent a sixth primary taste. With few exceptions, studies on FA taste have centered exclusively on polyunsaturated FAs, most notably on linoleic acid. In the current study, we have identified an additional FA receptor, GPR84, in the gustatory system that responds to the medium-chain saturated FAs (MCFAs) in male mice. GPR84 ligands activate both Type II and Type III taste cells in calcium imaging and patch-clamp recording assays. MCFAs depolarize and lead to a rise in intracellular free [Ca2+] in mouse taste cells in a concentration-dependent fashion, and the relative ligand specificity in taste cells is consistent with the response profile of GPR84 expressed in a heterologous system. A systemic Gpr84-/- mouse model reveals a specific deficit in both the neural (via chorda tympani recording) and behavioral responses to administration of oral MCFAs compared with WT mice. Together, we show that the peripheral taste system can respond to an additional class of FAs, the saturated FAs, and that the cognate receptor necessary for this ability is GPR84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Naima Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Ashley Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Fangjun Lin
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Timothy A Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
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40
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Almeida V, Silva J, Schinckel A, Meira A, Moreira G, Gomes J, Poleti M, Dargelio M, Patinho I, Contreras-Castillo C, Coutinho L, Mourão G, Reecy J, Koltes D, Serão N, Regitano L, Fukumasu H, Brustolini A, Alencar S, Filho AL, Cesar A. Effects of increasing dietary oil inclusion from different sources on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, and fatty acid profile in genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Schreiber A, Braymer HD, Primeaux SD. Transection of Gustatory Nerves Differentially Affects Dietary Fat Intake in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Rats. Chem Senses 2021; 45:541-548. [PMID: 32766712 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current prevalence of obesity has been linked to the consumption of highly palatable foods and may be mediated by a dysregulated or hyposensitive orosensory perception of dietary fat, thereby contributing to the susceptibility to develop obesity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of lingual taste input in obesity-prone (OP, Osborne-Mendel) and obesity-resistant (OR, S5B/Pl) rats on the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Density of fungiform papillae was assessed as a marker of general orosensory input. To determine if orosensory afferent input mediates dietary fat intake, surgical transection of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves (GLX/CTX) was performed in OP and OR rats and HFD caloric intake and body weight were measured. Fungiform papillae density was lower in OP rats, compared with OR rats. GLX/CTX decreased orosensory input in both OP and OR rats, as measured by an increase in the intake of a bitter, quinine solution. Consumption of low-fat diet was not altered by GLX/CTX in OP and OR rats; however, GLX/CTX decreased HFD intake in OR, without altering HFD intake in OP rats. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of orosensory input in OP rats do not decrease fat intake, thereby supporting that idea that hyposensitive and/or dysregulated orosensory perception of highly palatable foods contribute to the susceptibility to develop obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hugh Douglas Braymer
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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42
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Dutt M, Ng YK, Molendijk J, Karimkhanloo H, Liao L, Blazev R, Montgomery MK, Watt MJ, Parker BL. Western Diet Induced Remodelling of the Tongue Proteome. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9020022. [PMID: 34066295 PMCID: PMC8163156 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a heavily innervated and vascularized striated muscle that plays an important role in vocalization, swallowing and digestion. The surface of the tongue is lined with papillae which contain gustatory cells expressing various taste receptors. There is growing evidence to suggest that our perceptions of taste and food preference are remodelled following chronic consumption of Western diets rich in carbohydrate and fats. Our sensitivity to taste and also to metabolising Western diets may be a key factor in the rising prevalence of obesity; however, a systems-wide analysis of the tongue is lacking. Here, we defined the proteomic landscape of the mouse tongue and quantified changes following chronic consumption of a chow or Western diet enriched in lipid, fructose and cholesterol for 7 months. We observed a dramatic remodelling of the tongue proteome including proteins that regulate fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the expressions of several receptors, metabolic enzymes and hormones were differentially regulated, and are likely to provide novel therapeutic targets to alter taste perception and food preference to combat obesity.
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43
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Melis M, Haehner A, Mastinu M, Hummel T, Tomassini Barbarossa I. Molecular and Genetic Factors Involved in Olfactory and Gustatory Deficits and Associations with Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084286. [PMID: 33924222 PMCID: PMC8074606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in olfaction and taste are among the most frequent non-motor manifestations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) that start very early and frequently precede the PD motor symptoms. The limited data available suggest that the basis of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction related to PD are likely multifactorial and may include the same determinants responsible for other non-motor symptoms of PD. This review describes the most relevant molecular and genetic factors involved in the PD-related smell and taste impairments, and their associations with the microbiota, which also may represent risk factors associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Mariano Mastinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Iole Tomassini Barbarossa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4144
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44
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Ishaq M, Tran D, Wu Y, Nowak K, Deans BJ, Xin JTZ, Loh HL, Ng WY, Yee CW, Southam B, Vicenzi S, Randall C, Yang C, Tan E, Pasupuleti M, Grewal AK, Ahmad T, Shastri M, Vicario C, Ronci M, Zuccarini M, Bleasel M, Scowen P, Raffaeli W, D’Andrea G, Chellappan DK, Jacobson G, Bissember AC, Smith JA, Eri R, Canales J, Iglesias M, Guven N, Caruso V. Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:615446. [PMID: 33927690 PMCID: PMC8076851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified. Here, we investigated homeostatic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms regulating food intake in mice consuming HFD. We confirmed the anti-obesity properties of asperuloside and, importantly, we identified some mechanisms that could be responsible for its therapeutic effect. Asperuloside reduced body weight and food intake in mice consuming HFD by 10.5 and 12.8% respectively, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. Fasting glucose and plasma insulin were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, asperuloside significantly reduced hypothalamic mRNA ghrelin, leptin, and pro-opiomelanocortin in mice consuming HFD. The expression of fat lingual receptors (CD36, FFAR1-4), CB1R and sweet lingual receptors (TAS1R2-3) was increased almost 2-fold by the administration of asperuloside. Our findings suggest that asperuloside might exert its therapeutic effects by altering nutrient-sensing receptors in the oral cavity as well as hypothalamic receptors involved in food intake when mice are exposed to obesogenic diets. This signaling pathway is known to influence the subtle hypothalamic equilibrium between energy homeostasis and reward-induced overeating responses. The present pre-clinical study demonstrated that targeting the gustatory system through asperuloside administration could represent a promising and effective new anti-obesity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Duyen Tran
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yijia Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Nowak
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bianca J. Deans
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Hui Lin Loh
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Ying Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wen Yee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Southam
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Silvia Vicenzi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Cameron Randall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Ee Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Avneet Kaur Grewal
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Madhur Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Carmelo Vicario
- Department of Psychology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Martin Bleasel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Paul Scowen
- Animal Services department/Research Division, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - William Raffaeli
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gianvicenzo D’Andrea
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Glenn Jacobson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Raj Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, Australia
| | - Juan Canales
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Miguel Iglesias
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Institute for Research on Pain, Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL) Foundation, Rimini, Italy
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Tarragon E, Cases Ceano-Vivas P, Gonzalez-Ogazón P, Moreno JJ. Perceived Intensity and Palatability of Fatty Culinary Preparations is Associated with Individual Fatty Acid Detection Threshold and the Fatty Acid Profile of Oils Used as Ingredients. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6208271. [PMID: 33821988 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The term oleogustus was recently proposed to describe a sixth basic taste that could guide preference for fatty foods and dishes to an extent. However, experimental data on food preference based on fatty acid (FA) content is scarce. Our aim was to examine the role of FA profile of oils and preparations as well as FA sensory thresholds on the palatability of salty and sweet culinary preparations representative of traditional Spanish Mediterranean cooking. In this study, we used three oils with similar texture and odor profile but different in their FA composition (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) and compared subjects in regard to their FA detection threshold and perceived pleasantness and intensity. Our results indicate that whereas saturated FAs cannot be detected at physiological concentrations, individuals can be categorized as tasters and nontasters, according to their sensory threshold to linoleic acid, which is negatively associated with perceived intensity (r = -0.393, P < 0.001) but positively with palatability (r = 0.246, P = 0.018). These differences may be due to a possible response to a fat taste. This sixth taste, or oleogustus. would allow establishing differences in taste intensity/palatability considering the FA profile of the culinary preparations. Given that tasters can detect linoleic and oleic acid at lower concentrations than nontasters, a greater amount of unsaturated FAs in culinary preparations could provoke an unpleasant experience. This finding could be relevant in the context of the culinary sector and to further our understanding of food preference and eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tarragon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pere Cases Ceano-Vivas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gonzalez-Ogazón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEROBN Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Calder AN, Yu T, Dahir NS, Sun Y, Gilbertson TA. Ghrelin Receptors Enhance Fat Taste Responsiveness in Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041045. [PMID: 33804920 PMCID: PMC8063820 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a major appetite-stimulating neuropeptide found in circulation. While its role in increasing food intake is well known, its role in affecting taste perception, if any, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor's (GHS-R; a ghrelin receptor) activity in the peripheral taste system using feeding studies and conditioned taste aversion assays by comparing wild-type and GHS-R-knockout models. Using transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), we demonstrated GHS-R expression in the taste system in relation phospholipase C ß2 isotype (PLCβ2; type II taste cell marker)- and glutamate decarboxylase type 67 (GAD67; type III taste cell marker)-expressing cells using immunohistochemistry. We observed high levels of co-localization between PLCβ2 and GHS-R within the taste system, while GHS-R rarely co-localized in GAD67-expressing cells. Additionally, following 6 weeks of 60% high-fat diet, female Ghsr-/- mice exhibited reduced responsiveness to linoleic acid (LA) compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts, while no such differences were observed in male Ghsr-/- and WT mice. Overall, our results are consistent with the interpretation that ghrelin in the taste system is involved in the complex sensing and recognition of fat compounds. Ghrelin-GHS-R signaling may play a critical role in the recognition of fatty acids in female mice, and this differential regulation may contribute to their distinct ingestive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.N.C.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Naima S. Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (A.N.C.); (N.S.D.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Timothy A. Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-321-266-7245
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GPR120 agonists enhance the fatty orosensation when added to fat-containing system, but do not evoke it by themselves in humans. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113383. [PMID: 33676959 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fat, an important macronutrient, has been considered to be perceived by texture and olfaction. Recently, fatty acid transporter, CD36, and fatty acid receptor, GPR120 are considered to be involved in human gustatory fatty acids perception in humans. However, limited information is currently available to show that agonists of CD36 and GPR120 evoke fatty oral sensations regarding to dietary fat in humans. Therefore, the role of GPR120 agonists in dietary fat perception in humans was investigated herein. An emulsion prepared from vegetable oil had a stronger fatty orosensation, an orosensation similar to an oily mouth-coating sensed 5 - 10 s after tasting, than that prepared from mineral oil; however, the physical properties of both emulsions, such as viscosity, particle distribution, interfacial tension, contact angle, frictional load, and ζ-electric potential were similar. The potent GPR120 agonist, TUG-891 enhanced the fatty orosensation when added to the emulsion prepared from vegetable oil, but not to that from mineral oil. All GPR120 agonists tested enhanced the fatty orosensation when added to a low-fat food system whereas they did not evoke any fatty sensation in aqueous solution at the concentrations tested in food system, and sensory activity positively correlated with GPR120 activity. These results suggest that GPR120 agonists enhance the fatty orosensation in humans when added to vegetable oil or a low-fat food system, but do not evoke it by themselves.
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48
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Kurtz R, Anderman MF, Shepard BD. GPCRs get fatty: the role of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G304-G318. [PMID: 33205999 PMCID: PMC8202238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the abnormal deposition of lipids within the liver not due to alcohol consumption, is a growing epidemic affecting over 30% of the United States population. Both simple fatty liver and its more severe counterpart, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, represent one of the most common forms of liver disease. Recently, several G protein-coupled receptors have emerged as targets for therapeutic intervention for these disorders. These include those with known hepatic function as well as those involved in global metabolic regulation. In this review, we highlight these emerging therapeutic targets, focusing on several common themes including their activation by microbial metabolites, stimulatory effect on insulin and incretin secretion, and contribution to glucose tolerance. The overlap in ligands, localization, and downstream effects of activation indicate the interdependent nature of these receptors and highlight the importance of this signaling family in the development and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kurtz
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Meghan F. Anderman
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Blythe D. Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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49
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Macronutrient Sensing in the Oral Cavity and Gastrointestinal Tract: Alimentary Tastes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020667. [PMID: 33669584 PMCID: PMC7922037 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous and diverse factors enabling the overconsumption of foods, with the sense of taste being one of these factors. There are four well established basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter; all with perceptual independence, salience, and hedonic responses to encourage or discourage consumption. More recently, additional tastes have been added to the basic taste list including umami and fat, but they lack the perceptual independence and salience of the basics. There is also emerging evidence of taste responses to kokumi and carbohydrate. One interesting aspect is the link with the new and emerging tastes to macronutrients, with each macronutrient having two distinct perceptual qualities that, perhaps in combination, provide a holistic perception for each macronutrient: fat has fat taste and mouthfeel; protein has umami and kokumi; carbohydrate has sweet and carbohydrate tastes. These new tastes can be sensed in the oral cavity, but they have more influence post- than pre-ingestion. Umami, fat, kokumi, and carbohydrate tastes have been suggested as an independent category named alimentary. This narrative review will present and discuss evidence for macronutrient sensing throughout the alimentary canal and evidence of how each of the alimentary tastes may influence the consumption of foods.
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Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) has unique chemical characteristics among all other vegetable oils which are of paramount importance for human health. VOO constituents are also responsible of its peculiar flavor, a complex sensation due to a combination of aroma, taste, texture, and mouthfeel or trigeminal sensations. VOO flavor depends primarily on the concentration and nature of volatile and phenolic compounds present in olive oil which can change dramatically depending on agronomical and technological factors. Another aspect that can change the flavor perception is linked to the oral process during olive oil tasting. In fact, in this case, some human physiological and matrix effects modulate the flavor release in the mouth. The present review aims to give an overview on VOO flavor, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms affecting its production and release during a tasting.
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