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Liu C, Ju R. Potential Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Modulating Protein Homeostasis in Oligodendrocytes to Improve White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5295-5307. [PMID: 38180617 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Preterm white matter injury (WMI) is a demyelinating disease with high incidence and mortality in premature infants. Oligodendrocyte cells (OLs) are a specialized glial cell that produces myelin proteins and adheres to the axons providing energy and metabolic support which susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control. Disruption of cellular protein homeostasis led to OLs dysfunction and cell death, immediately, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activated to attempt to restore the protein homeostasis via IRE1/XBP1s, PERK/eIF2α and ATF6 pathway that reduced protein translation, strengthen protein-folding capacity, and degraded unfolding/misfolded protein. Moreover, recent works have revealed the conspicuousness function of ER signaling pathways in regulating influenced factors such as calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation, and autophagy activation to regulate protein hemostasis and improve the myelination function of OLs. Each of the regulation modes and their corresponding molecular mechanisms provides unique opportunities and distinct perspectives to obtain a deep understanding of different actions of ER stress in maintaining OLs' health and function. Therefore, our review focuses on summarizing the current understanding of ER stress on OLs' protein homeostasis micro-environment in myelination during white matter development, as well as the pathophysiology of WMI, and discussing the further potential experimental therapeutics targeting these factors that restore the function of the UPR in OLs myelination function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Early depletion of gut microbiota shape oligodendrocyte response after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:171. [PMID: 39010082 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the regulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression, and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Shumilov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Allen Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Marta Celorrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8028, 3rd Fl MPRB 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Zhou W, Liang Y, Liao X, Tong L, Du W, Fu W, Tian S, Deng Y, Jiang X. ISRIB improves white matter injury following TBI by inhibiting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105744. [PMID: 38663454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in persistent neurological dysfunction, which is closely associated with white matter injury. The mechanisms underlying white matter injury after TBI remain unclear. Ferritinophagy is a selective autophagic process that degrades ferritin and releases free iron, which may cause ferroptosis. Although ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be involved in TBI, it is unclear whether ferritinophagy triggers ferroptosis in TBI. Integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) has neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of ISRIB on white matter after TBI remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether ferritinophagy was involved in white matter injury following TBI and whether ISRIB can mitigate white matter injury after TBI by inhibiting ferritinophagy. In this study, controlled cortical impact (CCI) was performed on rats to establish the TBI model. Ferritinophagy was measured by assessing the levels of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), which regulates ferritinophagy, ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1), LC3, ATG5, and FTH1 colocalization with LC3 in the white matter. Increased NCOA4 and decreased FTH1 were detected in our study. FTH1 colocalization with LC3 enhanced in the white matter after TBI, indicating that ferritinophagy was activated. Immunofluorescence co-localization results also suggested that ferritinophagy occurred in neurons and oligodendrocytes after TBI. Furthermore, ferroptosis was assessed by determining free iron content, MDA content, GSH content, and Perl's staining. The results showed that ferroptosis was suppressed by NCOA4 knockdown via shNCOA4 lentivirus infection, indicating that ferroptosis in TBI is triggered by ferritinophagy. Besides, NCOA4 deletion notably improved white matter injury following TBI, implying that ferritinophagy contributed to white matter injury. ISRIB treatment reduced the occurrence of ferritinophagy in neurons and oligodendrocytes, attenuated ferritinophagy-induced ferroptosis, and alleviated white matter injury. These findings suggest that NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is a critical mechanism underlying white matter injury after TBI. ISRIB holds promise as a therapeutic agent for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yidan Liang
- Department of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyao Tong
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenqiao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - ShanShan Tian
- Department of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongbing Deng
- Department of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Luhong L, Zhou HM, Tang XH, Chen J, Zhang AM, Zhou CL, Li SY, Wen Yu C, Liyan H, Xiang YY, Yang X. PERK inhibitor (ISRIB) improves depression-like behavior by inhibitions of HPA-axis over-activation in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115122. [PMID: 38942086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Stressful life event is closely associated with depression, thus strategies that blunt or prevent the negative effect stress on the brain might benefits for the treatment of depression. Although previous study showed the role of protein kinase R (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) in inflammation related depression, its involvement in the neuropathology of chronic stress induced depression is still unknown. We tried to explore whether block the PERK pathway would alleviate the animals' depression-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and investigate the underlying mechanism. The CRS-exposed mice exhibited depression-like behavior, including anhedonia in the sucrose preference test (SPT), and increased immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). ISRIB administration for 2 weeks significantly improved the depression-like behavior in male mice exposed to CRS, which was manifested by markedly increasing the sucrose preference and reducing the immobility time in the FST and TST. However, we observed that exposure to the same dose of ISRIB in CRS female mice only showed improved anhedonia-like deficits,leaving unaltered improvement in the FST and TST. Mechanically, we found that ISRIB reversed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, indicating decreased levels of serum corticosterone, reduced hippocampal glucocorticoidreceptor (GR) expression and expression of FosB in hypothalamic paraventricularnucleus (PVN), which was accompanied by preserved hippocampal neurogenesis. The present findings further expand the potential role of ER stress in depression and provide important details for a therapeutic path forward for PERK inhibitors in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Luhong
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hua Mao Zhou
- Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Xiao Han Tang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ao Mei Zhang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cui Lan Zhou
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Su Yun Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cao Wen Yu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - He Liyan
- Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Yu Yan Xiang
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Zhang H, Duan X, Zhang Y, Zhuang G, Cao D, Meng W, Yan M, Qi W. Association Between Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Hematoma Progression After Cerebral Contusion. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:953-963. [PMID: 37848656 PMCID: PMC11147937 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this research was to examine the impact of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) on the advancement of hematoma after cerebral contusion. METHODS The clinical information and laboratory test findings of people with cerebral contusion were retrospectively analyzed. Using the tertiles of MLR, the study participants were categorized into three groups, enabling the evaluation of the correlation between MLR and the advancement of hematoma after cerebral contusion. RESULTS Among the cohort of patients showing progression, MLR levels were significantly higher compared with the nonprogress group (P < 0.001). The high MLR group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with hematoma progression compared with the medium and low MLR groups. However, the medium MLR group had a lower proportion of patients with hematoma progression compared with the low MLR group. High MLR levels were independently linked to a higher risk of hematoma progression (Odds Ratio 3.546, 95% Confidence Interval 1.187-10.597, P = 0.024). By incorporating factors such as Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy, white blood cell count, and MLR into the model, the predictive performance of the model significantly improved (area under the curve 0.754). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MLR may serve as a potential indicator for predicting the progression of hematoma after cerebral contusion. Further research is necessary to investigate the underlying pathological and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the association between MLR and the progression of hematoma after cerebral contusion and to explore its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochun Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yimiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Shaanxi, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoquan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hu T, Liu Y, Fleck J, King C, Schalk E, Zhang Z, Mehle A, Smith JA. Multiple Unfolded Protein Response pathways cooperate to link cytosolic dsDNA release to Stimulator of Interferon Gene (STING) activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593557. [PMID: 38798499 PMCID: PMC11118346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor STING has been increasingly implicated in responses to "sterile" endogenous threats and pathogens without nominal DNA or cyclic di-nucleotide stimuli. Previous work showed an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), activates STING. Herein, we sought to determine if ER stress generated a STING ligand, and to identify the UPR pathways involved. Induction of IFN-β expression following stimulation with the UPR inducer thapsigargin (TPG) or oxygen glucose deprivation required both STING and the dsDNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Furthermore, TPG increased cytosolic mitochondrial DNA, and immunofluorescence visualized dsDNA punctae in murine and human cells, providing a cGAS stimulus. N-acetylcysteine decreased IFN-β induction by TPG, implicating reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, mitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial oxidative stress inhibitor did not impact TPG-induced IFN. On the other hand, inhibiting the inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) ER stress sensor and its target transcription factor XBP1 decreased the generation of cytosolic dsDNA. iNOS upregulation was XBP1-dependent, and an iNOS inhibitor decreased cytosolic dsDNA and IFN-β, implicating ROS downstream of the IRE1-XBP1 pathway. Inhibition of the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway also attenuated cytoplasmic dsDNA release. The PERK-regulated apoptotic factor Bim was required for both dsDNA release and IFN-β mRNA induction. Finally, XBP1 and PERK pathways contributed to cytosolic dsDNA release and IFN-induction by the RNA virus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV). Together, our findings suggest that ER stressors, including viral pathogens without nominal STING or cGAS ligands such as RNA viruses, trigger multiple canonical UPR pathways that cooperate to activate STING and downstream IFN-β via mitochondrial dsDNA release.
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Fryer AL, Abdullah A, Mobilio F, Jobling A, Moore Z, de Veer M, Zheng G, Wong BX, Taylor JM, Crack PJ. Pharmacological inhibition of STING reduces neuroinflammation-mediated damage post-traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38710660 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health concern worldwide with unmet effective treatment. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and its downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signalling are now appreciated to be involved in TBI pathogenesis. Compelling evidence have shown that STING and type-I IFNs are key in mediating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of STING presents a viable therapeutic opportunity in combating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the small-molecule STING inhibitor n-(4-iodophenyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide (C-176) in the controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI in 10- to 12-week-old male mice. Thirty minutes post-controlled cortical impact surgery, a single 750-nmol dose of C-176 or saline (vehicle) was administered intravenously. Analysis was conducted 2 h and 24 h post-TBI. KEY RESULTS Mice administered C-176 had significantly smaller cortical lesion area when compared to vehicle-treated mice 24 h post-TBI. Quantitative temporal gait analysis conducted using DigiGait™ showed C-176 administration attenuated TBI-induced impairments in gait symmetry, stride frequency and forelimb stance width. C-176-treated mice displayed a significant reduction in striatal gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf-α, Il-1β and Cxcl10 compared to their vehicle-treated counterparts 2 h post-TBI. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the neuroprotective activity of C-176 in ameliorating acute neuroinflammation and preventing white matter neurodegeneration post-TBI. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting STING for the treatment of trauma-induced inflammation and neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Fryer
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amar Abdullah
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Frank Mobilio
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zachery Moore
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Bruce X Wong
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juliet M Taylor
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Gut Microbiota Shape Oligodendrocyte Response after Traumatic Brain Injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4289147. [PMID: 38746334 PMCID: PMC11092821 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4289147/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the modulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Ni
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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Cai X, Jin Z, Zhang S, Liu J, Jiang Z, Tang F, Lan T. Sjögren's syndrome and Parkinson's Disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298778. [PMID: 38568911 PMCID: PMC10990169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have reported an association between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and an increased risk of Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the causal impact of SS on the risk of developing PD, utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. The primary analysis utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Complementary methods, such as MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), were utilized to identify and correct for the presence of horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS The IVW MR analysis revealed no significant association between SS and PD (IVW: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94-1.07, P = 0.95). Likewise, the reverse MR analysis did not identify any significant causal relationship between PD and SS (IVW: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85-1.12, P = 0.73). The results from MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches were consistent with the IVW method. Sensitivity analyses suggested that horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to introduce bias to the causal estimates. CONCLUSION This study does not provide evidence to support the assertion that SS has a conclusive impact on the risk of PD, which contradicts numerous existing observational reports. Further investigation is necessary to determine the possible mechanisms behind the associations observed in these observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zexu Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shaoqin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tianzuo Lan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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10
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Fritsch LE, Kelly C, Leonard J, de Jager C, Wei X, Brindley S, Harris EA, Kaloss AM, DeFoor N, Paul S, O'Malley H, Ju J, Olsen ML, Theus MH, Pickrell AM. STING-Dependent Signaling in Microglia or Peripheral Immune Cells Orchestrates the Early Inflammatory Response and Influences Brain Injury Outcome. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0191232024. [PMID: 38360749 PMCID: PMC10957216 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0191-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
While originally identified as an antiviral pathway, recent work has implicated that cyclic GMP-AMP-synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling is playing a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). STING activation results in a robust inflammatory response characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines called interferons, as well as hundreds of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Global knock-out (KO) mice inhibiting this pathway display neuroprotection with evidence that this pathway is active days after injury; yet, the early neuroinflammatory events stimulated by STING signaling remain understudied. Furthermore, the source of STING signaling during brain injury is unknown. Using a murine controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI, we investigated the peripheral immune and microglial response to injury utilizing male chimeric and conditional STING KO animals, respectively. We demonstrate that peripheral and microglial STING signaling contribute to negative outcomes in cortical lesion volume, cell death, and functional outcomes postinjury. A reduction in overall peripheral immune cell and neutrophil infiltration at the injury site is STING dependent in these models at 24 h. Transcriptomic analysis at 2 h, when STING is active, reveals that microglia drive an early, distinct transcriptional program to elicit proinflammatory genes including interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), which is lost in conditional knock-out mice. The upregulation of alternative innate immune pathways also occurs after injury in these animals, which supports a complex relationship between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells to coordinate the proinflammatory response and immune cell influx to damaged tissue after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Colin Kelly
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Caroline de Jager
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Samantha Brindley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alexandra M Kaloss
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Nicole DeFoor
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Hannah O'Malley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Jing Ju
- Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Botchway BOA, Huang M, Liu X. Sestrin2 can alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve traumatic brain injury by activating AMPK/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:439-452. [PMID: 38047978 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), as a serious central nervous system disease, can result in severe neurological dysfunction or even disability and death of patients. The early and effective intervention of secondary brain injury can improve the prognosis of TBI. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the main reasons to recover TBI. ER stress inhibition may be beneficial in treating TBI. Sestrin2 is a crucial regulator of ER stress, and its activation can significantly improve TBI. In this paper, we analyze the biological function of sestrin2, the latest findings on ER stress, and the relationship between ER stress and TBI. We elucidate the relationship of sestrin2 inhibiting ER stress via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling. Finally, we elaborate on the possible role of sestrin2 in TBI and explain how its activation potentially improves TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | | | - Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
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12
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Fu W, Che X, Tan J, Cui S, Ma Y, Xu D, Long H, Yang X, Wen T, He Z. Rasd1 is involved in white matter injury through neuron-oligodendrocyte communication after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14452. [PMID: 37735980 PMCID: PMC10916428 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rasd1 has been reported to be correlated with neurotoxicity, metabolism, and rhythm, but its effect in case of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remained unclear. White matter injury (WMI) and ferroptosis participate in the early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. In this work, we have investigated whether Rasd1 can cause ferroptosis and contribute to SAH-induced WMI. METHODS Lentivirus for Rasd1 knockdown/overexpression was administrated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 7 days before SAH induction. SAH grade, brain water content, short- and long-term neurobehavior, Western blot, real-time PCR, ELISA, biochemical estimation, immunofluorescence, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were systematically performed. Additionally, genipin, a selective uncoupling protein 2(UCP2) inhibitor, was used in primary neuron and oligodendrocyte co-cultures for further in vitro mechanistic studies. RESULTS Rasd1 knockdown has improved the neurobehavior, glia polarization, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, and demyelination. Conversely, Rasd1 overexpression aggravated these changes by elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, MDA, free iron, and NCOA4, as well as contributing to the decrease of the levels of UCP2, GPX4, ferritin, and GSH mechanistically. According to the in vitro study, Rasd1 can induce oligodendrocyte ferroptosis through inhibiting UCP2, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that Rasd1 exerts a modulated role in oligodendrocytes ferroptosis in WMI following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Fu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xudong Che
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiahe Tan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shizhen Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yinrui Ma
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Daiqi Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tangmin Wen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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13
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Yang K, Tang Z, Xing C, Yan N. STING signaling in the brain: Molecular threats, signaling activities, and therapeutic challenges. Neuron 2024; 112:539-557. [PMID: 37944521 PMCID: PMC10922189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an innate immune signaling protein critical to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. STING signaling is also emerging as an exciting and integral part of many neurological diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in STING signaling in the brain. We summarize how molecular threats activate STING signaling in the diseased brain and how STING signaling activities in glial and neuronal cells cause neuropathology. We also review human studies of STING neurobiology and consider therapeutic challenges in targeting STING to treat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cong Xing
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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14
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Tripathi S, Maurya S, Singh A. Adropin, a novel hepatokine: localization and expression during postnatal development and its impact on testicular functions of pre-pubertal mice. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:171-187. [PMID: 38087073 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Adropin, a multifaceted peptide, was identified as a new metabolic hormone responsible for regulating gluco-lipid homeostasis. However, its role in the testicular function is not yet understood. We aimed to investigate the localization and expression of adropin and GPR19 during different phases of postnatal development. Immunohistochemical study revealed the intense reactivity of adropin in the Leydig cells during all phases of postnatal development, while GPR19 showed intense immunoreactivity in the pachytene spermatocytes and mild immunoreactivity in Leydig cells as well as primary and secondary spermatocytes. Western blot study revealed maximum expression of GPR19 in pre-pubertal mouse testis that clearly indicates maximum responsiveness of adropin during that period. So, we hypothesized that adropin may act as an autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates pubertal changes in mouse testis. To examine the effect of adropin on pubertal onset, we gave bilateral intra-testicular doses (0.5 and 1.5 µg/testis) to pre-pubertal mice. Adropin treatment promoted testicular testosterone synthesis by increasing the expression of StAR, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD. Adropin also promoted germ cell survival and proliferation by upregulating the expression of PCNA and downregulating the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and Caspase 3 expression resulting in fewer TUNEL-positive cells in adropin-treated groups. FACS analysis demonstrated that adropin treatment not only increases 1C to 4C ratio but also significantly increases the 1C (spermatid) and 1C to 2C ratio which demarcates accelerated germ cell differentiation and turnover of testicular cells. In conclusion, adropin promotes steroidogenesis, germ cell survival, as well as the proliferation in the pre-pubertal mouse testis that may hasten the pubertal transition in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shweta Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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15
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Packer JM, Bray CE, Beckman NB, Wangler LM, Davis AC, Goodman EJ, Klingele NE, Godbout JP. Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses. Glia 2024; 72:300-321. [PMID: 37937831 PMCID: PMC10764078 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive decline develop in the years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively affecting quality of life. Microglial and type 1 interferon (IFN-I) responses are associated with the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation after diffuse TBI in mice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if impaired neuronal homeostasis and increased IFN-I responses intersected after TBI to cause cognitive impairment. Here, the RNA profile of neurons and microglia after TBI (single nucleus RNA-sequencing) with or without microglia depletion (CSF1R antagonist) was assessed 7 dpi. There was a TBI-dependent suppression of cortical neuronal homeostasis with reductions in CREB signaling, synaptogenesis, and synaptic migration and increases in RhoGDI and PTEN signaling (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis). Microglial depletion reversed 50% of TBI-induced gene changes in cortical neurons depending on subtype. Moreover, the microglial RNA signature 7 dpi was associated with increased stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and IFN-I responses. Therefore, we sought to reduce IFN-I signaling after TBI using STING knockout mice and a STING antagonist, chloroquine (CQ). TBI-associated cognitive deficits in novel object location and recognition (NOL/NOR) tasks at 7 and 30 dpi were STING dependent. In addition, TBI-induced STING expression, microglial morphological restructuring, inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN-related (Irf3, Irf7, Ifi27) gene expression in the cortex were attenuated in STINGKO mice. CQ also reversed TBI-induced cognitive deficits and reduced TBI-induced inflammatory (Tnf, Cd68, Ccl2) and IFN (Irf7, Sting) cortical gene expression. Collectively, reducing IFN-I signaling after TBI with STING-dependent interventions attenuated the prolonged microglial activation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Packer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chelsea E Bray
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Nicolas B Beckman
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lynde M Wangler
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amara C Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ethan J Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Klingele
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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16
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Jiao B, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhang K, Cao X, Yu S, Zhang X. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contributes to neuropathic pain by aggravating NF-κB and glial cells activation-mediated neuroinflammation via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14609. [PMID: 38334011 PMCID: PMC10853896 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and highly debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is considered a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of PTP1B in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of PTP1B on neuropathic pain and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of male rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) to assess the presence of neuropathic pain. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy techniques were employed. RESULTS Our results showed that SNI significantly elevated PTP1B levels, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (BIP, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, and ATF6) and phosphorylated NF-κB in the spinal dorsal horn. SNI-induced mechanical allodynia was impaired by the treatment of intrathecal injection of PTP1B siRNA or PTP1B-IN-1, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of PTP1B-IN-1 effectively suppressed the expression of ER stress markers (BIP, p-PERK/p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, and ATF6), leading to the inhibition of NF-κB, microglia, and astrocytes activation, as well as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. However, these effects were reversed by intrathecal administration of tunicamycin (Tm, an inducer of ER stress). Additionally, intrathecal administration of Tm in healthy rats resulted in the development of mechanical allodynia and the activation of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammatory signaling. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of PTP1B induced by SNI facilitates the activation of NF-κB and glial cells via ER stress in the spinal dorsal horn. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting PTP1B could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Wencui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xueqin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shangchen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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17
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Avola R, Furnari AG, Graziano ACE, Russo A, Cardile V. Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:178. [PMID: 38397776 PMCID: PMC10886016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has become a focal point for therapeutic exploration. This review highlights neuroinflammatory mechanisms that hallmark neurodegenerative diseases and the potential benefits of essential oils in counteracting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby offering a novel strategy for managing and mitigating the impact of various brain disorders. Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, have emerged as versatile compounds with a myriad of health benefits. Essential oils exhibit robust antioxidant activity, serving as scavengers of free radicals and contributing to cellular defense against oxidative stress. Furthermore, essential oils showcase anti-inflammatory properties, modulating immune responses and mitigating inflammatory processes implicated in various chronic diseases. The intricate mechanisms by which essential oils and phytomolecules exert their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored, shedding light on their multifaceted properties. Notably, we discussed their ability to modulate diverse pathways crucial in maintaining oxidative homeostasis and suppressing inflammatory responses, and their capacity to rescue cognitive deficits observed in preclinical models of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | | | | | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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18
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Preeti K, Sood A, Fernandes V, Khan I, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Experimental Type 2 diabetes and lipotoxicity-associated neuroinflammation involve mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS/STING axis: implication of Type-1 interferon response in cognitive impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03933-y. [PMID: 38285288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 IFN (interferon)-associated innate immune response is increasingly getting attention in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, its significance in T2DM/lipotoxicity-induced neuroglia changes and cognitive impairment is missing. The present study aims to evaluate the involvement of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon gene), IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3), TBK (TANK binding kinase)-mediated Type-1 IFN response in the diabetic brain, and lipotoxicity (palmitate-bovine serum albumin conjugate/PA-BSA)-induced changes in cells (neuro2a and BV2). T2DM was induced in C57/BL6 mice by feeding on a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% Kcal) for 16 weeks and injecting a single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p) in the 12th week. Plasma biochemical parameter analysis, neurobehavioral assessment, protein expression, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction study were carried out to decipher the hypothesis. T2DM-associated metabolic and lipotoxic stress led to mitochondrial impairment causing leakage of mtDNA to the cytoplasm further commencing cGAS activation and its downstream signaling. The diseased hippocampus and cortex showed decreased expression of synaptophysin (p < 0.01) and PSD-95 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) with increased expression of cGAS (p < 0.001), p-STING (p < 0.001), p-STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) (p < 0.01), and IFN-β (p < 0.001) compared to normal control. The IFN-β/p-STAT1-mediated microglia activation was executed employing a conditioned media approach. C-176, a selective STING inhibitor, alleviated cGAS/p-STING/IFN-β expression and proinflammatory microglia/M1-associated markers (CD16 expression, CXCL10, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA fold change) in the diabetic brain. The present study suggests Type-1IFN response may result in neuroglia dyshomeostasis affecting normal brain function. Alleviating STING signaling has the potential to protect T2DM-associated central ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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19
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Tripathi S, Maurya S, Singh A. Adropin may promote insulin stimulated steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in adult mice testes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:86-98. [PMID: 37902254 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a versatile peptide which was discovered as a novel metabolic hormone that is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis. However, its possible role in the testicular function is not yet understood. The aim of our study was to explore the distribution pattern of adropin and GPR19 in various cell types and its possible role in testicular functions of adult mice. Immunohistochemical study revealed the intense immunoreactivity of adropin in the Leydig cells, while GPR19 showed intense immunoreactivity in the pachytene spermatocytes and mild immunoreactivity in Leydig cells and primary as well as secondary spermatocytes in mouse testis. Enho mRNA was also found to be expressed in the mouse testis. These findings suggested that adropin-GPR19 signaling may act in autocrine/paracrine manner to modulate testicular functions. Furthermore, to find out the direct role of adropin in the testicular function, in vitro study was performed in which testicular slices were cultured with adropin alone (10 and 100 ng/mL) and in combination with insulin (5 μg/mL). Adropin alone inhibited testicular testosterone synthesis by inhibiting the expression of P450-SCC, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD while along with insulin stimulated the testicular testosterone synthesis by increasing the expression of GPR19, IR, StAR, P450-SCC, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD. Adropin alone or in combination with insulin promoted germ cell survival and proliferation by upregulating the expression of PCNA, Bcl2, and pERK1/2. Thus, it can be concluded that adropin-GPR19 signaling promotes insulin stimulated steroidogenesis and germ cell survival as well as proliferation in the mice testes in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shweta Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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20
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Yan L, Han X, Zhang M, Fu Y, Yang F, Li Q, Cheng T. Integrative analysis of TBI data reveals Lgmn as a key player in immune cell-mediated ferroptosis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:747. [PMID: 38057699 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a central nervous system disease caused by external trauma, which has complex pathological and physiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between immune cell infiltration and ferroptosis post-TBI. METHODS This study utilized the GEO database to download TBI data and performed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs) analysis. DEGs were further analyzed for enrichment using the DAVID 6.8. Immunoinfiltration cell analysis was performed using the ssGSEA package and the Timer2.0 tool. The WGCNA analysis was then used to explore the gene modules in the data set associated with differential expression of immune cell infiltration and to identify the hub genes. The tidyverse package and corrplot package were used to calculate the correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration and ferroptosis-marker genes. The miRDB and TargetScan databases were used to predict complementary miRNAs for the Hub genes selected from the WGCNA analysis, and the DIANA-LncBasev3 tool was used to identify target lncRNAs for the miRNAs, constructing an mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network. RESULTS A total of 320 DEGs and 21 FRDEGs were identified in GSE128543. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs after TBI were primarily associated with inflammation and immune response. Xcell and ssGSEA immune infiltration cell analysis showed significant infiltration of T cell CD4+ central memory, T cell CD4+ Th2, B cell memory, B cell naive, monocyte, macrophage, and myeloid dendritic cell activated. The WGCNA analysis identified two modules associated with differentially expressed immune cells and identified Lgmn as a hub gene associated with immune infiltrating cells. Lgmn showed significant correlation with immune cells and ferroptosis-marker genes, including Gpx4, Hspb1, Nfe2l2, Ptgs2, Fth1, and Tfrc. Finally, an mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network was constructed using Lgmn. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a certain correlation between ferroptosis and immune infiltrating cells in brain tissue after TBI, and that Lgmn plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mingkang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yikun Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Maurya S, Tripathi S, Arora T, Singh A. Adropin may regulate corpus luteum formation and its function in adult mouse ovary. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:725-739. [PMID: 37597158 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adropin, a unique peptide hormone, has been associated with the regulation of several physiological processes, including glucose homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism, and neovascularization. However, its possible role in ovarian function is not understood. Our objective was to examine the expression of adropin and its putative receptor, GPR19, in the ovaries of mice at various phases of the estrous cycle. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to explore the localization and changes in expression of adropin and GPR19 in the ovaries during different phases of the estrous cycle in mice. Hormonal assays were performed with ELISA. An in vitro study was performed to examine the direct effect of adropin (10, 100 ng/ml) on ovarian function. RESULTS A western blot study showed that adropin and GPR19 proteins were maximum during the estrus phase of the estrous cycle. Interestingly, adropin and GPR19 displayed intense immunoreactivity in granulosa cells of large antral follicles and corpus luteum. This suggested the possible involvement of adropin in corpus luteum formation. Adropin treatment stimulated progesterone synthesis by increasing GPR19, StAR, CYP11A1, and 3β-HSD expressions, while it decreased estrogen synthesis by inhibiting 17β-HSD and aromatase protein expressions. Moreover, adropin treatment upregulated the cell cycle arrest-CDK inhibitor 1B (p27kip1), pERK1/2, and angiogenic protein (EG VEGF) that are involved in the process of luteinization. CONCLUSIONS Adropin GPR19 signaling promotes the synthesis of progesterone and upregulates the expression of p27kip1, EG VEGF, and erk1/2, resulting in cell cycle arrest and neovascularization, which ultimately leads to corpus luteum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Maurya
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ajit Singh
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, -221005, Varanasi, India.
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22
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Hoogenboom WS, Rubin TG, Ambadipudi K, Cui MH, Ye K, Foster H, Elkouby E, Liu J, Branch CA, Lipton ML. Evolving brain and behaviour changes in rats following repetitive subconcussive head impacts. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad316. [PMID: 38046094 PMCID: PMC10691880 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern that repetitive subconcussive head impacts, independent of concussion, alter brain structure and function, and may disproportionately affect the developing brain. Animal studies of repetitive subconcussive head impacts are needed to begin to characterize the pathological basis and mechanisms underlying imaging and functional effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts seen in humans. Since repetitive subconcussive head impacts have been largely unexplored in animals, we aimed to characterize the evolution of imaging, behavioural and pathological effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts in awake adolescent rodents. Awake male and female Sprague Dawley rats (postnatal Day 35) received 140 closed-head impacts over the course of a week. Impacted and sham-impacted animals were restrained in a plastic cone, and unrestrained control animals were included to account for effects of restraint and normal development. Animals (n = 43) underwent repeated diffusion tensor imaging prior to and over 1 month following the final impact. A separate cohort (n = 53) was assessed behaviourally for fine motor control, emotional-affective behaviour and memory at acute and chronic time points. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses, which were exploratory in nature due to smaller sample sizes, were completed at 1 month following the final impact. All animals tolerated the protocol with no overt changes in behaviour or stigmata of traumatic brain injury, such as alteration of consciousness, intracranial haemorrhage or skull fracture. We detected longitudinal, sex-dependent diffusion tensor imaging changes (fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity decline) in corpus callosum and external capsule of repetitive subconcussive head impact animals, which diverged from both sham and control. Compared to sham animals, repetitive subconcussive head impact animals exhibited acute but transient mild motor deficits. Repetitive subconcussive head impact animals also exhibited chronic anxiety and spatial memory impairment that differed from the control animals, but these effects were not different from those seen in the sham condition. We observed trends in the data for thinning of the corpus callosum as well as regions with elevated Iba-1 in the corpus callosum and cerebral white matter among repetitive subconcussive head impact animals. While replication with larger study samples is needed, our findings suggest that subconcussive head impacts cause microstructural tissue changes in the developing rat brain, which are detectable with diffusion tensor imaging, with suggestion of correlates in tissue pathology and behaviour. The results point to potential mechanisms underpinning consequences of subconcussive head impacts that have been described in humans. The congruence of our imaging findings with human subconcussive head impacts suggests that neuroimaging could serve as a translational bridge to advance study of injury mechanisms and development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S Hoogenboom
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Todd G Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kamalakar Ambadipudi
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Henry Foster
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Esther Elkouby
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Ma B, Nie X, Liu L, Li M, Chen Q, Liu Y, Hou Y, Yang Y, Xu J. GSK2656157, a PERK Inhibitor, Alleviates Pyroptosis of Macrophages Induced by Mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16239. [PMID: 38003429 PMCID: PMC10671627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of human death worldwide due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Mtb infection can cause macrophage pyroptosis. PERK, as a signaling pathway protein on the endoplasmic reticulum, plays an important role in infectious diseases. It is not clear whether PERK is involved in the regulation of pyroptosis of macrophages during Mtb infection. In this study, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection resulted in high expression of pro-caspase-1, caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, and p-PERK in the THP-1 macrophage, being downregulated with the pre-treatment of GSK2656157, a PERK inhibitor. In addition, GSK2656157 inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, cell content release, and cell membrane rupture, as well as the decline in cell viability induced by BCG infection. Similarly, GSK2656157 treatment downregulated the expressions of pro-caspase-1, caspase-1 p20, caspase-11, IL-1β p17, IL-18 p22, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, and p-PERK, as well as reducing fibrous tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, and the bacterial load in the lung tissue of C57BL/6J mice infected with BCG. In conclusion, the inhibition of PERK alleviated pyroptosis induced by BCG infection, which has an effect of resisting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueyi Nie
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jinrui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (B.M.); (X.N.); (L.L.); (M.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Maurya S, Tripathi S, Singh A. Ontogeny of adropin and its receptor expression during postnatal development and its pro-gonadal role in the ovary of pre-pubertal mouse. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106404. [PMID: 37743028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Adropin, a highly conserved multifunctional peptide hormone, has a beneficial effect on the maintenance of gluco-lipid homeostasis, endothelial and cardiovascular functions. However, the expression and potential role of adropin in ovarian function are not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of adropin and GPR19 in the mice ovary during various stages of postnatal development. This study also explored whether the treatment of adropin can modulate the timing of puberty, for which pre-pubertal mice were treated with adropin. The result showed the intense immunoreactivity of adropin in TICs, while GPR19 immunoreactivity was noted in GCs in infantile, pre-pubertal, and pubertal mice ovary. Also, adropin and GPR19 are highly expressed in the CL of the ovary of reproductively active mice. The fact that adropin expression in the ovary at different stages of postnatal development positively correlated with circulating progesterone and estradiol indicated that it has a role in the production of steroid hormones. Furthermore, the results of in vivo studies in pre-pubertal mice showed that adropin promotes early folliculogenesis by enhancing the proliferation (PCNA) of GCs of cortical ovarian follicles and promotes estradiol production by enhancing the expression of GPR19, StAR, CYP11A1 and aromatase proteins. Also, adropin treatment increases the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and expression of cleaved caspase-3 and ERα proteins, which may result in increased apoptosis of medullary follicles leading to the formation of a well-developed interstitium with interstitial glandular cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin may be a factor that accelerates pubertal development in the ovary and could be utilized as a therapeutic approach for treating pubertal delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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25
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Meng S, Cao H, Huang Y, Shi Z, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shi H, Gao Y. ASK1-K716R reduces neuroinflammation and white matter injury via preserving blood-brain barrier integrity after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:244. [PMID: 37875988 PMCID: PMC10594934 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide public health concern that necessitates attention. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a key player in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke and epilepsy when deleted. Nonetheless, the specific impact of ASK1 on TBI and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Notably, mutation of ATP-binding sites, such as lysine residues, can lead to catalytic inactivation of ASK1. To address these knowledge gaps, we generated transgenic mice harboring a site-specific mutant ASK1 Map3k5-e (K716R), enabling us to assess its effects and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms following TBI. METHODS We employed the CRIPR/Cas9 system to generate a transgenic mouse model carrying the ASK1-K716R mutation, aming to investigate the functional implications of this specific mutant. The controlled cortical impact method was utilized to induce TBI. Expression and distribution of ASK1 were detected through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The ASK1 kinase activity after TBI was detected by a specific ASK1 kinase activity kit. Cerebral microvessels were isolated by gradient centrifugation using dextran. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. BBB ultrastructure was visualized using transmission electron microscopy, while the expression levels of endothelial tight junction proteins and ASK1 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blotting. To investigate TBI-induced neuroinflammation, we conducted immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analyses. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining and electrophysiological compound action potentials were conducted to evaluate gray and white matter injury. Finally, sensorimotor function and cognitive function were assessed by a battery of behavioral tests. RESULTS The activity of ASK1-K716R was significantly decreased following TBI. Western blotting confirmed that ASK1-K716R effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of ASK1, JNKs, and p38 in response to TBI. Additionally, ASK1-K716R demonstrated a protective function in maintaining BBB integrity by suppressing ASK1/JNKs activity in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins following TBI. Besides, ASK1-K716R effectively suppressed the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma, decreased the number of proinflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, increased the number of anti-inflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, and downregulated expression of several proinflammatory factors. Furthermore, ASK1-K716R attenuated white matter injury and improved the nerve conduction function of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers after TBI. Finally, our findings demonstrated that ASK1-K716R exhibited favorable long-term functional and histological outcomes in the aftermath of TBI. CONCLUSION ASK1-K716R preserves BBB integrity by inhibiting ASK1/JNKs pathway in endothelial cells, consequently reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins. Additionally, it alleviates early neuroinflammation by inhibiting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma and modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. These beneficial effects of ASK1-K716R subsequently result in a reduction in white matter injury and promote the long-term recovery of neurological function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yana Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Ma X, Xin D, She R, Liu D, Ge J, Mei Z. Novel insight into cGAS-STING pathway in ischemic stroke: from pre- to post-disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275408. [PMID: 37915571 PMCID: PMC10616885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a primary cause of disability and the second leading cause of mortality, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. Growing evidence suggests that the Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a component of innate immunity, is closely associated with microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and regulated cell death in ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying this pathway remain inadequately understood. This article comprehensively reviews the existing literature on the cGAS-STING pathway and its multifaceted relationship with ischemic stroke. Initially, it examines how various risk factors and pre-disease mechanisms such as metabolic dysfunction and senescence (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia) affect the cGAS-STING pathway in relation to ischemic stroke. Subsequently, we explore in depth the potential pathophysiological relationship between this pathway and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation as well as regulated cell death including ferroptosis and PANoptosis following cerebral ischemia injury. Finally, it suggests that intervention targeting the cGAS-STING pathway may serve as promising therapeutic strategies for addressing neuroinflammation associated with ischemic stroke. Taken together, this review concludes that targeting the microglia cGAS-STING pathway may shed light on the exploration of new therapeutic strategies against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Xin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Biswas K. Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: A review on the cell signaling pathways involved in microglial activation. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 383:578180. [PMID: 37672840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS), have emerged to be the central players in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies on large genome databases and omics studies in fact provide support to the idea that microglial cells could be the drivers of these diseases. Microglial cells have the capacity to undergo morphological and phenotypic transformations depending on its microenvironment. From the homeostatic ramified state, they can shift their phenotypes between the two extremes, known as the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, with intermediate transitional states, characterized by different transcriptional signature and release of inflammatory mediators. The temporal regulation of the release of the inflammatory factors are critical for damage control and steering the microglia back towards homeostatic conditions. A dysregulation in these can lead to excessive tissue damage and neuronal death. Therefore, targeting the cell signaling pathways that are the underpinnings of microglial modulations are considered to be an important avenue for treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we have discussed various signaling pathways that trigger microglial activation from its ramified state and highlight the mechanisms of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation that are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the cellular factors that drive microglia towards a proinflammatory phenotype are components of the immune system signaling pathways and cell proliferation, along with certain ion channels. The anti-inflammatory phenotype is mainly elicited by purinoceptors, metabolic receptors and other receptors that primarily suppress the production proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University Main campus, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
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28
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Lahiri A, Walton JC, Zhang N, Billington N, DeVries AC, Meares GP. Astrocytic deletion of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) does not affect learning and memory in aged mice but worsens outcome from experimental stroke. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1586-1610. [PMID: 37314006 PMCID: PMC10524975 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and is the main risk factor for a myriad of conditions including neurodegeneration and stroke. Concomitant with aging is the progressive accumulation of misfolded proteins and loss of proteostasis. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is mediated, in part, by the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK). Phosphorylation of eIF2α reduces protein translation as an adaptive mechanism but this also opposes synaptic plasticity. PERK, and other eIF2α kinases, have been widely studied in neurons where they modulate both cognitive function and response to injury. The impact of astrocytic PERK signaling in cognitive processes was previously unknown. To examine this, we deleted PERK from astrocytes (AstroPERKKO ) and examined the impact on cognitive functions in middle-aged and old mice of both sexes. Additionally, we tested the outcome following experimental stroke using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Tests of short-term and long-term learning and memory as well as of cognitive flexibility in middle-aged and old mice revealed that astrocytic PERK does not regulate these processes. Following MCAO, AstroPERKKO had increased morbidity and mortality. Collectively, our data demonstrate that astrocytic PERK has limited impact on cognitive function and has a more prominent role in the response to neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- WVU Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV- 26506, USA
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV- 26506, USA
| | - Gordon P. Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology
- Department of Neuroscience
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute
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Shi G, Liu L, Cao Y, Ma G, Zhu Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Li T, Mi L, Jia H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhou Y, Li S, Yang G, Liu X, Chen F, Wang B, Deng Q, Zhang S, Zhang J. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway in mice with traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:222. [PMID: 37777772 PMCID: PMC10543875 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the most important pathogeneses in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) forming neutrophils were found throughout the brain tissue of TBI patients and elevated plasma NET biomarkers correlated with worse outcomes. However, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of NETs in TBI-induced neural damage are not yet fully understood. Here, we used Cl-amidine, a selective inhibitor of NETs to investigate the role of NETs in neural damage after TBI. METHODS Controlled cortical impact model was performed to establish TBI. Cl-amidine, 2'3'-cGAMP (an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING)), C-176 (a selective STING inhibitor), and Kira6 [a selectively phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha [IRE1α] inhibitor] were administrated to explore the mechanism by which NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after TBI. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an essential enzyme for neutrophil extracellular trap formation, is overexpressed with adenoviruses in the cortex of mice 1 day before TBI. The short-term neurobehavior tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), Evans blue extravasation assay, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), TUNEL, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and quantitative-PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS Neutrophils form NETs presenting in the circulation and brain at 3 days after TBI. NETs inhibitor Cl-amidine treatment improved short-term neurological functions, reduced cerebral lesion volume, reduced brain edema, and restored cerebral blood flow (CBF) after TBI. In addition, Cl-amidine exerted neuroprotective effects by attenuating BBB disruption, inhibiting immune cell infiltration, and alleviating neuronal death after TBI. Moreover, Cl-amidine treatment inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization at 3 days after TBI. Mechanistically, STING ligand 2'3'-cGAMP abolished the neuroprotection of Cl-amidine via IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. Importantly, overexpression of PAD4 promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal death via the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. However, STING inhibitor C-176 or IRE1α inhibitor Kira6 effectively abolished the neurodestructive effects of PAD4 overexpression after TBI. CONCLUSION Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that NETs inhibition with Cl-amidine ameliorated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. Thus, Cl-amidine treatment may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshuo Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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Miao HT, Song RX, Xin Y, Wang LY, Lv JM, Liu NN, Wu ZY, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang DX, Zhang LM. Spautin-1 Protects Against Mild TBI-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice via Immunologically Silent Apoptosis. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:336-349. [PMID: 36745326 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is reportedly one of the most common mental changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Perineuronal nets (PNNs) produced by astrocytes in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) that surround gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons have been associated with anxiety. The potent anti-tumor effects of Spautin-1, a novel autophagy inhibitor, have been documented in malignant melanoma; moreover, the inhibition of autophagy is reported to mitigate anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the ability of spautin-1 to alleviate anxiety. In this study, we sought to investigate whether spautin-1 could alleviate anxiety-like behaviors post-TBI by reducing the loss of PNNs in the LHA. A mild TBI was established in mice through Feeney's weight-drop model. Then, Spautin-1 (20 mmol/2 μl) was immediately administered into the left lateral ventricle. Behavioral and pathological changes were assessed at 24 h, 7 days, 30 days, 31 days and 32 days after TBI by the neurological severity scores (NSS), open field test (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, western blot, immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy. Spautin-1 significantly reversed TBI-induced decreased time in the central zone during OFT and in the open-arm during the EPM test. Spautin-1 also increased PNNs around GABAergic neurons indicated by WFA- plus GAD2- positive A2-type astrocytes and attenuated M1-type microglia in the LHA 32 days after TBI compared to TBI alone. Moreover, compared to mice that only underwent TBI, spautin-1 downregulated autophagic vacuoles, abnormal organelles, the expression of Beclin 1, USP13, phospho-TBK1, and phospho-IRF3 and upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, -7 and -9, but failed to increase TUNEL-positive cells in the LHA at 24 h. Spautin-1 alleviated anxiety-like behavior in mice exposed to mild TBI; this protective mechanism may be associated with decreased PNNs loss around GABAergic neurons via immunologically silent apoptosis induced by the caspase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Tao Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Xin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Meng Lv
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research (Preparing), Cangzhou, China.
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31
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Chen J, Zhu T, Yu D, Yan B, Zhang Y, Jin J, Yang Z, Zhang B, Hao X, Chen Z, Yan C, Yu J. Moderate Intensity of Treadmill Exercise Rescues TBI-Induced Ferroptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Impairments via Suppressing STING Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4872-4896. [PMID: 37193866 PMCID: PMC10415513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal leading cause of long-term neurological disability and causes a huge burden to an ever-growing population. Moderate intensity of treadmill exercise has been recognized as an efficient intervention to combat TBI-induced motor and cognitive disorders, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is known to be highly implicated in TBI pathophysiology, and the anti-ferroptosis effects of treadmill exercise have been reported in other neurological diseases except for TBI. In addition to cytokine induction, recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in ferroptosis. Therefore, we examined the possibility that treadmill exercise might inhibit TBI-induced ferroptosis via STING pathway. In this study, we first found that a series of ferroptosis-related characteristics, including abnormal iron homeostasis, decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), and increased lipid peroxidation, were detected at 44 days post TBI, substantiating the involvement of ferroptosis at the chronic stage following TBI. Furthermore, treadmill exercise potently decreased the aforementioned ferroptosis-related changes, suggesting the anti-ferroptosis role of treadmill exercise following TBI. In addition to alleviating neurodegeneration, treadmill exercise effectively reduced anxiety, enhanced spatial memory recovery, and improved social novelty post TBI. Interestingly, STING knockdown also obtained the similar anti-ferroptosis effects after TBI. More importantly, overexpression of STING largely reversed the ferroptosis inactivation caused by treadmill exercise following TBI. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise rescues TBI-induced ferroptosis and cognitive deficits at least in part via STING pathway, broadening our understanding of neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill exercise against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jungong Jin
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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Faulkner MB, Rizk M, Bazzi Z, Dysko RC, Zhang Z. Sex-Specific Effects of Buprenorphine on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Abnormal Protein Accumulation, and Cell Loss After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:573-585. [PMID: 37752926 PMCID: PMC10518695 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children often leads to poor developmental outcomes attributable to progressive cell loss caused by secondary injuries, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Buprenorphine (BPN) is commonly used in children for pain management; however, the effects of BPN on ER stress in the pediatric population are still inconclusive. This study investigated the sex-specific effects of BPN on ER stress, abnormal protein accumulation, and cell loss in a mouse impact acceleration model of pediatric TBI. On post-natal day 20-21 (P20-21), male and female littermates were randomized into sham, TBI + saline and TBI + BPN groups. BPN (0.075 mg/kg) was administered to TBI + BPN mice at 30 min after injury and then every 6-12 h for 2 days. The impact of BPN was evaluated at 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. We found that TBI induced more prominent ER stress pathway activation at 1 and 3 days post-injury in males, compared to females, whereas abnormal protein accumulation and cell loss were more severe in females at 7 days post-injury, compared with males. Although BPN partially ameliorated abnormal protein accumulation and cell loss in both males and females, BPN only decreased ER stress pathway activation in males, not in females. In conclusion, BPN exhibits sex-specific effects on ER stress, abnormal protein accumulation, and cell loss in a time-dependent manner at the acute phase after pediatric TBI, which provides the rationale to assess the potential effects of BPN on long-term outcomes after pediatric TBI in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Faulkner
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Mariam Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Zahraa Bazzi
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert C. Dysko
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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Todd BP, Luo Z, Gilkes N, Chimenti MS, Peterson Z, Mix MR, Harty JT, Nickl-Jockschat T, Ferguson PJ, Bassuk AG, Newell EA. Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37596685 PMCID: PMC10436463 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is a key contributor to immune cell-mediated neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a robust upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated genes in microglia and astrocytes following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which IFN-I signaling impacts the neuroimmune response and neuropathology following TBI remains unknown. Using the lateral fluid percussion injury model (FPI) in adult male mice, we demonstrated that IFN α/β receptor (IFNAR) deficiency resulted in selective and sustained blockade of type I interferon-stimulated genes following TBI as well as decreased microgliosis and monocyte infiltration. Molecular alteration of reactive microglia also occurred with diminished expression of genes needed for MHC class I antigen processing and presentation following TBI. This was associated with decreased accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in the brain. The IFNAR-dependent modulation of the neuroimmune response was accompanied by protection from secondary neuronal death, white matter disruption, and neurobehavioral dysfunction. These data support further efforts to leverage the IFN-I pathway for novel, targeted therapy of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P Todd
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Zili Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Noah Gilkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Bioinformatics Division, Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zeru Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Polly J Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Newell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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34
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Todd BP, Luo Z, Gilkes N, Chimenti MS, Peterson Z, Mix M, Harty JT, Nickl-Jockschat T, Ferguson PJ, Bassuk AG, Newell EA. Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.543774. [PMID: 37333385 PMCID: PMC10274693 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.543774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is a key contributor to immune cell-mediated neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we demonstrated a robust upregulation of type I interferon-stimulated genes in microglia and astrocytes following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). The specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which IFN-I signaling impacts the neuroimmune response and neuropathology following TBI remains unknown. Using the lateral fluid percussion injury model (FPI) in adult male mice, we demonstrated that IFN α/β receptor (IFNAR) deficiency resulted in selective and sustained blockade of type I interferon-stimulated genes following TBI as well as decreased microgliosis and monocyte infiltration. Phenotypic alteration of reactive microglia also occurred with diminished expression of molecules needed for MHC class I antigen processing and presentation following TBI. This was associated with decreased accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in the brain. The IFNAR-dependent modulation of the neuroimmune response was accompanied by protection from secondary neuronal death, white matter disruption, and neurobehavioral dysfunction. These data support further efforts to leverage the IFN-I pathway for novel, targeted therapy of TBI.
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35
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Fritsch LE, Kelly C, Pickrell AM. The role of STING signaling in central nervous system infection and neuroinflammatory disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1597. [PMID: 36632700 PMCID: PMC10175194 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a critical innate immune mechanism for detecting the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and prompting a robust immune response. Canonical cGAS-STING activation occurs when cGAS, a predominantly cytosolic pattern recognition receptor, binds microbial DNA to promote STING activation. Upon STING activation, transcription factors enter the nucleus to cause the production of Type I interferons, inflammatory cytokines whose primary function is to prime the host for viral infection by producing a number of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. While the pathway was originally described in viral infection, more recent studies have implicated cGAS-STING signaling in a number of different contexts, including autoimmune disease, cancer, injury, and neuroinflammatory disease. This review focuses on how our understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway has evolved over time with an emphasis on the role of STING-mediated neuroinflammation and infection in the nervous system. We discuss recent findings on how STING signaling contributes to the pathology of pain, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as well as how mitochondrial DNA may promote STING activation in common neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude by commenting on the current knowledge gaps that should be filled before STING can be an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory disease. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Colin Kelly
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Alicia M. Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Wang Z, Chen G. Immune regulation in neurovascular units after traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106060. [PMID: 36871640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Survivors may experience movement disorders, memory loss, and cognitive deficits. However, there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The immune regulation process of TBI involves changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immunity, and intracranial blood vessels are essential communication centers. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for coupling blood flow with brain activity, and comprises endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyte end-feet, and vast regulatory nerve terminals. A stable NVU is the basis for normal brain function. The concept of the NVU emphasizes that cell-cell interactions between different types of cells are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Previous studies have explored the effects of immune system changes after TBI. The NVU can help us further understand the immune regulation process. Herein, we enumerate the paradoxes of primary immune activation and chronic immunosuppression. We describe the changes in immune cells, cytokines/chemokines, and neuroinflammation after TBI. The post-immunomodulatory changes in NVU components are discussed, and research exploring immune changes in the NVU pattern is also described. Finally, we summarize immune regulation therapies and drugs after TBI. Therapies and drugs that focus on immune regulation have shown great potential for neuroprotection. These findings will help us further understand the pathological processes after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China; Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China.
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Zhang Z, Guo Z, Tu Z, Yang H, Li C, Hu M, Zhang Y, Jin P, Hou S. Cortex-specific transcriptome profiling reveals upregulation of interferon-regulated genes after deeper cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1056354. [PMID: 36994418 PMCID: PMC10040763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1056354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is commonly accompanied by brain injury and glial activation. In addition to white matter lesions, the intensity of CCH greatly affects the degree of gray matter damage. However, little is understood about the underlying molecular mechanisms related to cortical lesions and glial activation following hypoperfusion. Efforts to investigate the relationship between neuropathological alternations and gene expression changes support a role for identifying novel molecular pathways by transcriptomic mechanisms.Methods: Chronic cerebral ischemic injury model was induced by the bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) using 0.16/0.18 mm microcoils. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was evaluated using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Histological changes were evaluated by Hematoxylin staining. Microglial activation and neuronal loss were further examined by immunofluorescence staining. Cortex-specific gene expression profiling analysis was performed in sham and BCAS mice, and then validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: In our study, compared with the sham group, the right hemisphere CBF of BCAS mice decreased to 69% and the cognitive function became impaired at 4 weeks postoperation. Besides, the BCAS mice displayed profound gray matter damage, including atrophy and thinning of the cortex, accompanied by neuronal loss and increased activated microglia. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that hypoperfusion-induced upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the pathways of interferon (IFN)-regulated signaling along with neuroinflammation signaling. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) predicted the importance of type I IFN signaling in regulating the CCH gene network. The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by qRT-PCR in cerebral cortex, showing consistency with the RNA-seq results. Also, IHC staining revealed elevated expression of IFN-inducible protein in cerebral cortex following BCAS-hypoperfusion.Conclusion: Overall, the activation of IFN-mediated signaling enhanced our understanding of the neuroimmune responses induced by CCH. The upregulation of IFN-regulated genes (IRGs) might exert a critical impact on the progression of cerebral hypoperfusion. Our improved understanding of cortex-specific transcriptional profiles will be helpful to explore potential targets for CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilan Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Mengting Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Department of Chronic Disease Management, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangxing Hou, ; Pengpeng Jin,
| | - Shuangxing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangxing Hou, ; Pengpeng Jin,
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Preeti K, Fernandes V, Sood A, Khan I, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Necrostatin-1S mitigates type-2 diabetes-associated cognitive decrement and lipotoxicity-induced neuro-microglia changes through p-RIPK-RIPK3-p-MLKL axis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1581-1612. [PMID: 36897515 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decrement. Necroptosis programmed necrosis is emerging as the major contributing factor to central changes. It is best characterized by the upregulation of p-RIPK(Receptor Interacting Kinase), p-RIPK3, and the phosphorylated-MLKL (mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein). The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Necrostatin (Nec-1S), a p-RIPK inhibitor, on cognitive changes in the experimental T2DM model in C57BL/6 mice and lipotoxicity-induced neuro-microglia changes in neuro2A and BV2 cells. Further, the study also explores whether Nec-1S would restore mitochondrial and autophago-lysosomal function.T2DM was developed in mice by feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks and injecting a single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, i.p) on the 12th week. Nec-1S was administered for 3 weeks at (10 mg/kg, i.p) once every 3 days. Lipotoxicity was induced in neuro2A, and BV2 cells using 200 µM palmitate/bovine serum albumin conjugate. Nec-1S (50 µM), and GSK-872(10 µM) were further used to explore their relative effect. The neurobehavioral performance was assessed using mazes and task-assisted performance tests. To decipher the hypothesis plasma parameters, western blot, immunofluorescence, microscopy, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR studies were carried out. The Nec-1S treatment restored cognitive performance and reduced the p-RIPK-p-RIPK3-p-MLKL mediated neuro-microglia changes in the brain and in cells as well, under lipotoxic stress. Nec-1S reduced tau, and amyloid oligomer load. Moreover, Nec-1S restored mitochondrial function and autophago-lysosome clearance. The findings highlight the central impact of metabolic syndrome and how Nes-1S, by acting as a multifaceted agent, improved central functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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Willis EF, Gillespie ER, Guse K, Zuercher AW, Käsermann F, Ruitenberg MJ, Vukovic J. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) promotes brain repair and improves cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury in a FcγRIIB receptor-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:37-50. [PMID: 36581304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a promising immune-modulatory therapy for limiting harmful inflammation and associated secondary tissue loss in neurotrauma. Here, we show that IVIG therapy attenuates spatial learning and memory deficits following a controlled cortical impact mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These improvements in cognitive outcomes were associated with increased neuronal survival, an overall reduction in brain tissue loss, and a greater preservation of neural connectivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the presence of the main inhibitory FcγRIIB receptor is required for the beneficial effects of IVIG treatment in TBI, with our results simultaneously highlighting the role of this receptor in reducing secondary damage arising from brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen R Gillespie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsten Guse
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian W Zuercher
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Käsermann
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jana Vukovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Wen Z, He X, Wang J, Wang H, Li T, Wen S, Ren Z, Cai N, Yang J, Li M, Ai H, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Shi G, Chen Y. Hyperlipidemia induces proinflammatory responses by activating STING pathway through IRE1α-XBP1 in retinal endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109213. [PMID: 36370931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications caused by diabetes mellitus. Previous studies demonstrate that microvascular endothelial inflammation caused by chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DR. However, the detailed mechanisms on how endothelial inflammation contributes to DR are not fully understood. The STING pathway is an important innate immune signaling pathway. Although STING has been implicated in multiple autoimmune and metabolic diseases, it is not clear whether STING is involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Thus, re-analysis of the public single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) data demonstrated that STING was highly expressed in mouse retinal vessels. Moreover, our results demonstrated that STING and p-TBK1 protein levels in retinal endothelial cells are significantly increased in mice fed with high fat diet compared with chow diet. In vitro, palmitic acid treatment on HRVECs induced mitochondrial DNA leakage into the cytosol, and augmented p-TBK1 protein and IFN-β mRNA levels. As STING is localized to the ER, we analyzed the relation between STING activation and ER stress. In HRVECs, STING pathway was shown to be activated under chemical-induced ER stress, but attenuated when IRE1α was abolished by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition. Taken together, our findings revealed that STING signaling plays an important role in mediating lipotoxicity-induced endothelial inflammatory and injury, and IRE1α-XBP1 signaling potentiated STING signaling. Thus, targeting the IRE1α or STING pathways to alleviate endothelial inflammation provides candidate therapeutic target for treating DR as well as other microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyao Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemin He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siying Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heying Ai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Multidisciplinary Team for Obesity, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Smaling A, Romero-Ramírez L, Mey J. Is TGR5 a therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury? J Neurochem 2023; 164:454-467. [PMID: 36409000 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids, which are synthesized in liver and colon, facilitate the digestion of dietary lipids. In addition to this metabolic function, they also act as molecular signals with activities in the nervous system. These are mediated primarily by a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (known as TGR5). Preceded by a long tradition in Chinese medicine, bile acids are now being investigated as therapeutic options in several neuropathologies. Specifically, one bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which passes the blood-brain barrier and shows anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been tested in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, we discuss the evidence for a therapeutic benefit in these preclinical experiments. At the time of writing, 12 studies with TGR5 agonists have been published that report functional outcomes with rodent models of SCI. Most investigations found cytoprotective effects and benefits regarding the recovery of sensorimotor function in the subacute phase. When TUDCA was applied in a hydrogel into the lesion site, a significant improvement was obtained at 2 weeks after SCI. However, no lasting improvements with TUDCA treatment were found, when animals were assessed in later, chronic stages. A combination of TUDCA with stem cell injection failed to improve the effect of the cellular treatment. We conclude that the evidence does not support the use of TUDCA as a treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, cytoprotective effects suggest that different modes of application or combinatorial therapies might still be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smaling
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jörg Mey
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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Jeltema D, Abbott K, Yan N. STING trafficking as a new dimension of immune signaling. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213837. [PMID: 36705629 PMCID: PMC9930166 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway is an evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathway critical for microbial defense. Unlike other innate immune pathways that largely rely on stationary cascades of signaling events, STING is highly mobile in the cell. STING is activated on the ER, but only signals after it arrives on the Golgi, and then it is quickly degraded by the lysosome. Each step of STING trafficking through the secretory pathway is regulated by host factors. Homeostatic STING trafficking via COPI-, COPII-, and clathrin-coated vesicles is important for maintaining baseline tissue and cellular immunity. Aberrant vesicular trafficking or lysosomal dysfunction produces an immune signal through STING, which often leads to tissue pathology in mice and humans. Many trafficking-mediated diseases of STING signaling appear to impact the central nervous system, leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, STING trafficking introduces a new dimension of immune signaling that likely has broad implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Jeltema
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kennady Abbott
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Correspondence to Nan Yan:
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Sun Y, Yang X, Xu L, Jia M, Zhang L, Li P, Yang P. The Role of Nrf2 in Relieving Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1405-1420. [PMID: 36453490 PMCID: PMC10324331 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke includes two related pathological damage processes: brain injury caused by primary ischemia and secondary ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury has become a worldwide health problem. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of satisfactory drugs for ameliorating cerebral I/R damage. Nrf2 is a vital endogenous antioxidant protein, which combines with Keap1 to maintain a dormant state under physiological conditions. When pathological changes such as I/R occurs, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 and activates the expression of downstream antioxidant proteins to exert a protective effect. Recent research have shown that the activated Nrf2 not only effectively inhibits oxidative stress, but also performs the ability to repair the function of compromised mitochondria, alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress, eliminate inflammatory response, reduce blood-brain barrier permeability, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, enhance the neural network remolding, thereby exerting significant protective effects in alleviating the injuries caused by cell oxygen-glucose deprivation, or animal cerebral I/R. However, no definite clinical application report demonstrated the efficacy of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Therefore, further efforts are needed to elaborate the role of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Here, we reviewed the possible mechanisms underlying its potential pharmacological benefits in alleviating cerebral I/R injury, so as to provide a theoretical basis for studying its mechanism and developing Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mengxiao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Pingdingshan Polytenchnic College, Pingdingshan, 467001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Xiao L, Wang M, Shi Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Deng H, Pan W, Wang W, Sun H. Secondary White Matter Injury Mediated by Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Promising Therapeutic Strategies of Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:669-686. [PMID: 36043798 PMCID: PMC10207923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disease with high mortality and disability. Recent studies showed that white matter injury (WMI) plays an important role in motor dysfunction after ICH. WMI includes WMI proximal to the lesion and WMI distal to the lesion, such as corticospinal tract injury located at the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord after ICH. Previous studies have tended to focus only on gray matter (GM) injury after ICH, and fewer studies have paid attention to WMI, which may be one of the reasons for the poor outcome of previous drug treatments. Microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are significant mechanisms responsible for secondary WMI following ICH. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, has been shown to exacerbate neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in microglia and astrocytes and exerts a vital role in microglia and astrocytes-mediated neuroinflammation. We speculate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is closely related to the polarization of microglia and astrocytes and that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may exacerbate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH, while NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition may attenuate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the anti-inflammatory phenotype following ICH. Therefore, NLRP3 inflammasome may act as leveraged regulatory fulcrums for microglia and astrocytes polarization to modulate WMI and WM repair after ICH. This review summarized the possible mechanisms by which neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates secondary WMI after ICH and discussed the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Cao Y, Shi M, Liu L, Zuo Y, Jia H, Min X, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Li S, Yang G, Liu X, Deng Q, Chen F, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhang J. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation attenuates NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis via STING/IRE1α pathway after traumatic brain injury in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125759. [PMID: 37143681 PMCID: PMC10152368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has been reported to be associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of NETs in TBI-induced neuronal cell death are not yet fully understood. Methods First, brain tissue and peripheral blood samples of TBI patients were collected, and NETs infiltration in TBI patients was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Then, a controlled cortical impact device was used to model brain trauma in mice, and Anti-Ly6G, DNase, and CL-amidine were given to reduce the formation of neutrophilic or NETs in TBI mice to evaluate neuronal death and neurological function. Finally, the pathway changes of neuronal pyroptosis induced by NETs after TBI were investigated by administration of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (a key enzyme of NET formation) adenovirus and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha (IRE1α) inhibitors in TBI mice. Results We detected that both peripheral circulating biomarkers of NETs and local NETs infiltration in the brain tissue were significantly increased and had positive correlations with worse intracranial pressure (ICP) and neurological dysfunction in TBI patients. Furthermore, the depletion of neutrophils effectively reduced the formation of NET in mice subjected to TBI. we found that degradation of NETs or inhibition of NET formation significantly inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis after TBI, whereas these inhibitory effects were abolished by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING). Moreover, overexpression of PAD4 in the cortex by adenoviruses could aggravate NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and neurological deficits after TBI, whereas these pro-pyroptotic effects were rescued in mice also receiving STING antagonists. Finally, IRE1α activation was significantly upregulated after TBI, and NET formation or STING activation was found to promote this process. Notably, IRE1α inhibitor administration significantly abrogated NETs-induced NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in TBI mice. Discussion Our findings indicated that NETs could contribute to TBI-induced neurological deficits and neuronal death by promoting NLRP1-mediated neuronal pyroptosis. Suppression of the STING/ IRE1α signaling pathway can ameliorate NETs-induced neuronal pyroptotic death after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobin Min
- Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianning Zhang, ; Xin Chen, ; Shu Zhang,
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Zhang J, Xu S, Liang K, Cao X, Ye Z, Huang W, Bai X, Zhang Y. LysM-positive neurons drive Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)-associated brain lesions. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110468. [PMID: 36115548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of Tsc1 or Tsc2 can lead to excessive activation of mTORC1 and cause Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), which is an autosomal dominant genetic disease prominently characterized by seizures, mental retardation and multiorgan hamartoma. In TSC, pathological changes in the central nervous system are the leading cause of death and disability. In decades, series of rodent models have been established by mutating Tsc1 or Tsc2 genes in diverse neural cell lineages to investigate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, however, the cellular origin triggering neural pathological changes in TSC is undetermined. In this study, we generated a novel mouse model involving conditional deletion of Tsc1 in lysozyme 2 (Lyz2)-positive cells which replicated several features of brain lesions including epileptic seizures, megalencephaly, highly enlarged pS6-positive neurons and astrogliosis. In addition, we confirmed that bone marrow-derived myeloid cells including microglia with Tsc1 deficiency are not the decisive lineage in the cerebral pathologies in TSC. These histological assays in our murine model indicate an essential contribution of Lyz2-positive neurons to TSC progression. The Lyz2-positive neural population-specific onset of Tsc1 loss in murine postnatal brain might be the key to pathological phenotypes. Our findings thus provided evidences supporting new insights into the role of Lyz2-positive neurons in TSC events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Arthroplasty, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kangyan Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiong Cao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhixin Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenlan Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Ji X, Han L, Zhang W, Sun L, Xu S, Qiu X, Fan S, Li Z. Molecular, cellular and neurological consequences of infection by the neglected human pathogen Nocardia. BMC Biol 2022; 20:251. [PMID: 36352407 PMCID: PMC9647956 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nocardia is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects the lungs and brains of immunocompromised patients with consequences that can be fatal. The incidence of such infections is rising, immunocompetent individuals are also being infected, and there is a need to learn more about this neglected bacterial pathogen and the interaction with its human host. Results We have applied dual RNA-seq to assess the global transcriptome changes that occur simultaneously in Nocardia farcinica (N. farcinica) and infected human epithelial alveolar host cells, and have tested a series of mutants in this in vitro system to identify candidate determinants of virulence. Using a mouse model, we revealed the profiles of inflammation-related factors in the lung after intranasal infection and confirmed that nbtB and nbtS are key virulence genes for Nocardia infection in vivo. Regarding the host response to infection, we found that the expression of many histones was dysregulated during the infection of lung cells, indicating that epigenetic modification might play a crucial role in the host during Nocardia infection. In our mouse model, Nocardia infection led to neurological symptoms and we found that 15 of 22 Nocardia clinical strains tested could cause obvious PD-like symptoms. Further experiments indicated that Nocardia infection could activate microglia and drive M1 microglial polarization, promote iNOS and CXCL-10 production, and cause neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra, all of which may be involved in causing PD-like symptoms. Importantly, the deletion of nbtS in N. farcinica completely attenuated the neurological symptoms. Conclusions Our data contribute to an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of both the host and Nocardia during infection and provide valuable clues for future studies of this neglected human pathogen, especially those addressing the underlying causes of infection-related neurological symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01452-7.
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Hu X, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Yao X, Ni W, Zhou K. Emerging role of STING signalling in CNS injury: inflammation, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:242. [PMID: 36195926 PMCID: PMC9531511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferons genes (STING), which is crucial for the secretion of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic nucleic acids, plays a key role in the innate immune system. Studies have revealed the participation of the STING pathway in unregulated inflammatory processes, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). STING signalling is markedly increased in CNS injury, and STING agonists might facilitate the pathogenesis of CNS injury. However, the effects of STING-regulated signalling activation in CNS injury are not well understood. Aberrant activation of STING increases inflammatory events, type I interferon responses, and cell death. cGAS is the primary pathway that induces STING activation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest findings related to STING signalling and the cGAS–STING pathway and highlight the control mechanisms and their functions in CNS injury. Furthermore, we summarize and explore the most recent advances toward obtaining an understanding of the involvement of STING signalling in programmed cell death (autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis) during CNS injury. We also review potential therapeutic agents that are capable of regulating the cGAS–STING signalling pathway, which facilitates our understanding of cGAS–STING signalling functions in CNS injury and the potential value of this signalling pathway as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Yuhuan People's Hospital, Yuhuan, 317600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Zhao Y, Ma C, Chen C, Li S, Wang Y, Yang T, Stetler RA, Bennett MVL, Dixon CE, Chen J, Shi Y. STAT1 Contributes to Microglial/Macrophage Inflammation and Neurological Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7466-7481. [PMID: 35985835 PMCID: PMC9525171 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0682-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a plethora of inflammatory events in the brain that aggravate secondary injury and impede tissue repair. Resident microglia (Mi) and blood-borne infiltrating macrophages (MΦ) are major players of inflammatory responses in the post-TBI brain and possess high functional heterogeneity. However, the plasticity of these cells has yet to be exploited to develop therapies that can mitigate brain inflammation and improve the outcome after TBI. This study investigated the transcription factor STAT1 as a key determinant of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and aimed to develop STAT1 as a novel therapeutic target for TBI using a controlled cortical impact model of TBI on adult male mice. TBI induced robust upregulation of STAT1 in the brain at the subacute injury stage, which occurred primarily in Mi/MΦ. Intraperitoneal administration of fludarabine, a selective STAT1 inhibitor, markedly alleviated proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses and brain inflammation burden after TBI. Such phenotype-modulating effects of fludarabine on post-TBI Mi/MΦ were reproduced by tamoxifen-induced, selective KO of STAT1 in Mi/MΦ (STAT1 mKO). By propelling Mi/MΦ away from a detrimental proinflammatory phenotype, STAT1 mKO was sufficient to reduce long-term neurologic deficits and brain lesion size after TBI. Importantly, short-term fludarabine treatment after TBI elicited long-lasting improvement of TBI outcomes, but this effect was lost on STAT1 mKO mice. Together, our study provided the first line of evidence that STAT1 causatively determines the proinflammatory phenotype of brain Mi/MΦ after TBI. We also showed promising preclinical data supporting the use of fludarabine as a novel immunomodulating therapy to TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The functional phenotype of microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) critically influences brain inflammation and the outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no therapies have been developed to modulate Mi/MΦ functions to treat TBI. Here we report, for the first time, that the transcription factor STAT1 is a key mediator of proinflammatory Mi/MΦ responses in the post-TBI brain, the specific deletion of which ameliorates neuroinflammation and improves long-term functional recovery after TBI. We also show excellent efficacy of a selective STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine against TBI-induced functional deficits and brain injury using a mouse model, presenting STAT1 as a promising therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Cheng Ma
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Caixia Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Yangfan Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Tian X, Xu F, Zhu Q, Feng Z, Dai W, Zhou Y, You QD, Xu X. Medicinal chemistry perspective on cGAS-STING signaling pathway with small molecule inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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