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Pando-Naude V, Matthews TE, Højlund A, Jakobsen S, Østergaard K, Johnsen E, Garza-Villarreal EA, Witek MAG, Penhune V, Vuust P. Dopamine dysregulation in Parkinson's disease flattens the pleasurable urge to move to musical rhythms. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:101-118. [PMID: 37724707 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The pleasurable urge to move to music (PLUMM) activates motor and reward areas of the brain and is thought to be driven by predictive processes. Dopamine in motor and limbic networks is implicated in beat-based timing and music-induced pleasure, suggesting a central role of basal ganglia (BG) dopaminergic systems in PLUMM. This study tested this hypothesis by comparing PLUMM in participants with Parkinson's disease (PD), age-matched controls, and young controls. Participants listened to musical sequences with varying rhythmic and harmonic complexity (low, medium and high), and rated their experienced pleasure and urge to move to the rhythm. In line with previous results, healthy younger participants showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between rhythmic complexity and ratings, with preference for medium complexity rhythms, while age-matched controls showed a similar, but weaker, inverted U-shaped response. Conversely, PD showed a significantly flattened response for both the urge to move and pleasure. Crucially, this flattened response could not be attributed to differences in rhythm discrimination and did not reflect an overall decrease in ratings. For harmonic complexity, PD showed a negative linear pattern for both the urge to move and pleasure while healthy age-matched controls showed the same pattern for pleasure and an inverted U for the urge to move. This contrasts with the pattern observed in young healthy controls in previous studies, suggesting that both healthy aging and PD also influence affective responses to harmonic complexity. Together, these results support the role of dopamine within cortico-striatal circuits in the predictive processes that form the link between the perceptual processing of rhythmic patterns and the affective and motor responses to rhythmic music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pando-Naude
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tomas Edward Matthews
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Højlund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Jakobsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sano, Private Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Maria A G Witek
- Department of Music School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Virginia Penhune
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Jovanovic L, Chassignolle M, Schmidt-Mutter C, Behr G, Coull JT, Giersch A. Dopamine precursor depletion affects performance and confidence judgements when events are timed from an explicit, but not an implicit onset. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21933. [PMID: 38081860 PMCID: PMC10713647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine affects processing of temporal information, but most previous work has tested its role in prospective tasks, where participants know in advance when the event to be timed starts. However, we are often exposed to events whose onset we do not know in advance. We can evaluate their duration after they have elapsed, but mechanisms underlying this ability are still elusive. Here we contrasted effects of acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) on both forms of timing in healthy volunteers, in a within-subject, placebo-controlled design. Participants were presented with a disc moving around a circular path and asked to reproduce the duration of one full revolution and to judge their confidence in performance. The onset of the revolution was either known in advance (explicit onset) or revealed only at the end of the trial (implicit onset). We found that APTD shortened reproduced durations in the explicit onset task but had no effect on temporal performance in the implicit onset task. This dissociation is corroborated by effects of APTD on confidence judgements in the explicit task only. Our findings suggest that dopamine has a specific role in prospective encoding of temporal intervals, rather than the processing of temporal information in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Jovanovic
- Inserm 1114, Centre for Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University & CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Morgane Chassignolle
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Behr
- Inserm 1114, Centre for Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Giersch
- Inserm 1114, Centre for Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Ruppert-Junck MC, Torfah L, Greuel A, Maier F, Hammes V, Timmermann L, Eggers C, Pedrosa D. Why the clock ticks differently in Parkinson's disease: Insights from motor imagery and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14741. [PMID: 37025808 PMCID: PMC10070529 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), an impaired perception of suprasecond time intervals has been reported. From a neurobiological perspective, dopamine is thought to be an important mediator of timing. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether timing deficits in PD occur mainly in the motor context and are associated with corresponding striatocortical loops. This study attempted to fill this gap by investigating time reproduction in the context of a motor imagery task, and its neurobiological correlates in resting-state networks of basal ganglia substructures in PD. Nineteen PD patients and 10 healthy controls therefore underwent two time reproduction tasks. In a motor imagery task, subjects were asked to walk down a corridor for 10 s and reproduce the time spent walking during motor imagery afterwards. In an auditory task, the subjects had to reproduce an acoustically presented time interval of 10 s. Subsequently, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed and voxel-wise regressions were conducted between striatal functional connectivity and performance in the individual task at group level and compared between groups. Patients significantly misjudged the time interval in the motor imagery task and an auditory task in comparison to controls. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analysis of basal ganglia substructures revealed a significant association between striatocortical connectivity and motor imagery performance. PD patients showed a different pattern of associated striatocortical connections as indicated by significantly different regression slopes for connections of the right putamen and left caudate nucleus. In accordance with previous findings, our data confirm an impaired time reproduction of suprasecond time intervals in PD patients. Our data imply that deficits in time reproduction tasks are not specific to motor context but reflect a general time reproduction deficit. According to our findings, impaired performance in context of motor imagery is accompanied by a different configuration of striatocortical resting-state networks responsible for timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christine Ruppert-Junck
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurology Baldingerstr, 35033, Marburg, Germany,
| | - Lisa Torfah
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Greuel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vincent Hammes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
- Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, Department of Neurology, Bottrop, Germany
| | - David Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Universities Marburg and Gießen, Germany
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DiMarco E, Sadibolova R, Jiang A, Liebenow B, Jones RE, Ul Haq I, Siddiqui MS, Terhune DB, Kishida KT. Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.02.530411. [PMID: 36909605 PMCID: PMC10002735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.530411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. Decreasing striatal dopamine efficacy is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action have been associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state. We recruited patients with PD and compared individual differences in patients' clinical features with their ability to judge millisecond to second intervals of time (500ms-1100ms) while on or off their prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that individual differences in comorbid non-motor symptoms, PD duration, and prescribed dopaminergic pharmacotherapeutics account for individual differences in time perception performance. We report that comorbid impulse control disorder is associated with temporal overestimation; depression is associated with decreased temporal accuracy; and PD disease duration and prescribed levodopa monotherapy are associated with reduced temporal precision and accuracy. Observed differences in time perception are consistent with hypothesized dopaminergic mechanisms thought to underlie the respective motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but also raise questions about specific dopaminergic mechanisms. In future work, time perception tasks like the one used here, may provide translational or reverse translational utility in investigations aimed at disentangling neural and cognitive systems underlying PD symptom etiology. One Sentence Summary Quantitative characterization of time perception behavior reflects individual differences in Parkinson's disease motor and non-motor symptom clinical presentation that are consistent with hypothesized neural and cognitive mechanisms.
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Warda S, Simola J, Terhune DB. Pupillometry tracks errors in interval timing. Behav Neurosci 2022; 136:495-502. [PMID: 36222640 PMCID: PMC9552500 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent primate studies suggest a potential link between pupil size and subjectively elapsed duration. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between pupil size and perceived duration in human participants performing two temporal bisection tasks in the subsecond and suprasecond interval ranges. In the subsecond task, pupil diameter was greater during stimulus processing when shorter intervals were overestimated but also during and after stimulus offset when longer intervals were underestimated. By contrast, in the suprasecond task, larger pupil diameter was observed only in the late stimulus offset phase prior to response prompts when longer intervals were underestimated. This pattern of results suggests that pupil diameter relates to an error monitoring mechanism in interval timing. These results are at odds with a direct relationship between pupil size and the perception of duration but suggest that pupillometric variation might play a key role in signifying errors related to temporal judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Warda
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
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6
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Comparing resting-state connectivity of working memory networks in U.S. Service members with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148099. [PMID: 36162495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among military populations, and both have been associated with working memory (WM) impairments. Previous resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) research conducted separately in PTSD and mTBI populations suggests that there may be similar and distinct abnormalities in WM-related networks. However, no studies have compared rsFC of WM brain regions in participants with mTBI versus PTSD. We used resting-state fMRI to investigate rsFC of WM networks in U.S. Service Members (n = 127; ages 18-59) with mTBI only (n = 46), PTSD only (n = 24), and an orthopedically injured (OI) control group (n = 57). We conducted voxelwise rsFC analyses with WM brain regions to test for differences in WM network connectivity in mTBI versus PTSD. Results revealed reduced rsFC between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), lateral premotor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) WM regions and brain regions in the dorsal attention and somatomotor networks in both mTBI and PTSD groups versus controls. When compared to those with mTBI, individuals with PTSD had lower rsFC between both the lateral premotor WM seed region and middle occipital gyrus as well as between the dlPFC WM seed region and paracentral lobule. Interestingly, only vlPFC connectivity was significantly associated with WM performance across the samples. In conclusion, we found primarily overlapping patterns of reduced rsFC in WM brain regions in both mTBI and PTSD groups. Our finding of decreased vlPFC connectivity associated with WM is consistent with previous clinical and neuroimaging studies. Overall, these results provide support for shared neural substrates of WM in individuals with either mTBI or PTSD.
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7
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Zetterström TSC, Quansah E, Grootveld M. Effects of Methylphenidate on the Dopamine Transporter and Beyond. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:127-157. [PMID: 35507284 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the main target of methylphenidate (MPH), which remains the number one drug prescribed worldwide for the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, abnormalities of the DAT have been widely associated with ADHD. Based on clinical and preclinical studies, the direction of DAT abnormalities in ADHD are, however, still unclear. Moreover, chronic treatment of MPH has been shown to increase brain DAT expression in both animals and ADHD patients, suggesting that findings of overexpressed levels of DAT in ADHD patients are possibly attributable to the effects of long-term MPH treatment rather than the pathology of the condition itself. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the effects exerted by MPH, which are related to its actions on catecholamine protein targets and brain metabolites, together with genes and proteins mediating neuronal plasticity. For this purpose, we present data from biochemical, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gene/protein expression studies. Overall, results of the studies discussed in this chapter show that MPH has a complex biological/pharmacological action well beyond the DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyra S C Zetterström
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Quansah
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research Group, Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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8
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Pourriyahi H, Almasi-Dooghaee M, Imani A, Vahedi T, Zamani B. "Split-day syndrome", a patient with frontotemporal dementia who lives two days in the span of one: a case report and review of articles. Neurocase 2022; 28:292-297. [PMID: 35901273 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is among the most prevalent causes of young-onset dementia . Along with the frontotemporal and striate atrophy, dopamine dysregulation is also present in FTD. The dopamine system controls mechanisms of time perception. Its depletion can cause miscalculations in the perception of time. We present a 72-year-old man with a unique profile of disorientation in time, such that he split each day into two, 12-h intervals. Although through each 12-h period, he went by his daily activities as if a complete day had passed, e.g., he had two sets of breakfast, lunch, and dinner , hence the designated "split-day syndrome."
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Pourriyahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Almasi-Dooghaee
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Imani
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taravat Vahedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Zamani
- Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Schuster BA, Sowden S, Rybicki AJ, Fraser DS, Press C, Holland P, Cook JL. Dopaminergic Modulation of Dynamic Emotion Perception. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4394-4400. [PMID: 35501156 PMCID: PMC9145228 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2364-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion recognition abilities are fundamental to our everyday social interaction. A large number of clinical populations show impairments in this domain, with emotion recognition atypicalities being particularly prevalent among disorders exhibiting a dopamine system disruption (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Although this suggests a role for dopamine in emotion recognition, studies employing dopamine manipulation in healthy volunteers have exhibited mixed neural findings and no behavioral modulation. Interestingly, while a dependence of dopaminergic drug effects on individual baseline dopamine function has been well established in other cognitive domains, the emotion recognition literature so far has failed to account for these possible interindividual differences. The present within-subjects study therefore tested the effects of the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol on emotion recognition from dynamic, whole-body stimuli while accounting for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine. A total of 33 healthy male and female adults rated emotional point-light walkers (PLWs) once after ingestion of 2.5 mg haloperidol and once after placebo. To evaluate potential mechanistic pathways of the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition, participants also performed motoric and counting-based indices of temporal processing. Confirming our hypotheses, effects of haloperidol on emotion recognition depended on baseline dopamine function, where individuals with low baseline dopamine showed enhanced, and those with high baseline dopamine decreased emotion recognition. Drug effects on emotion recognition were related to drug effects on movement-based and explicit timing mechanisms, indicating possible mediating effects of temporal processing. Results highlight the need for future studies to account for baseline dopamine and suggest putative mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A high prevalence of emotion recognition difficulties among clinical conditions where the dopamine system is affected suggests an involvement of dopamine in emotion recognition processes. However, previous psychopharmacological studies seeking to confirm this role in healthy volunteers thus far have failed to establish whether dopamine affects emotion recognition and lack mechanistic insights. The present study uncovered effects of dopamine on emotion recognition in healthy individuals by controlling for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine function and investigated potential mechanistic pathways via which dopamine may modulate emotion recognition. Our findings suggest that dopamine may influence emotion recognition via its effects on temporal processing, providing new directions for future research on typical and atypical emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Schuster
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Sowden
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A J Rybicki
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D S Fraser
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Press
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom
| | - P Holland
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - J L Cook
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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10
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Caravaggio F, Barnett AJ, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Kim J, Borlido C, Mar W, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. The effects of acute dopamine depletion on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 57:39-49. [PMID: 35091322 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT), a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, can be used to deplete endogenous dopamine in humans. We examined how AMPT-induced dopamine depletion alters resting-state functional connectivity of the basal ganglia, and canonical resting-state networks, in healthy humans. Fourteen healthy participants (8 females; age [mean ± SD] = 27.93 ± 9.86) completed the study. Following dopamine depletion, the caudate showed reduced connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Cohen's d = 1.89, p<.0001). Moreover, the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and midbrain all showed reduced connectivity with the occipital cortex (Cohen's d = 1.48-1.90; p<.0001-0.001). Notably, the dorsal caudate showed increased connectivity with the sensorimotor network (Cohen's d = 2.03, p=.002). AMPT significantly decreased self-reported motivation (t(13)=4.19, p=.001) and increased fatigue (t(13)=4.79, p=.0004). A greater increase in fatigue was associated with a greater reduction in connectivity between the substantia nigra and the mPFC (Cohen's d = 3.02, p<.00001), while decreased motivation was correlated with decreased connectivity between the VTA and left sensorimotor cortex (Cohen's d = 2.03, p=.00004). These findings help us to better understand the role of dopamine in basal ganglia function and may help us better understand neuropsychiatric diseases where abnormal dopamine levels are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Alexander J Barnett
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1515 Newton Ct, Davis, California 95618, United States of America
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, 2 Chome-15-45 Mita, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi, 4 Chome-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Julia Kim
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Carol Borlido
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Wanna Mar
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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11
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A proxy measure of striatal dopamine predicts individual differences in temporal precision. Psychon Bull Rev 2022; 29:1307-1316. [PMID: 35318580 PMCID: PMC9436857 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The perception of time is characterized by pronounced variability across individuals, with implications for a diverse array of psychological functions. The neurocognitive sources of this variability are poorly understood, but accumulating evidence suggests a role for inter-individual differences in striatal dopamine levels. Here we present a pre-registered study that tested the predictions that spontaneous eyeblink rates, which provide a proxy measure of striatal dopamine availability, would be associated with aberrant interval timing (lower temporal precision or overestimation bias). Neurotypical adults (N = 69) underwent resting state eye tracking and completed visual psychophysical interval timing and control tasks. Elevated spontaneous eyeblink rates were associated with poorer temporal precision but not with inter-individual differences in perceived duration or performance on the control task. These results signify a role for striatal dopamine in variability in human time perception and can help explain deficient temporal precision in psychiatric populations characterized by elevated dopamine levels.
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12
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De Kock R, Gladhill KA, Ali MN, Joiner WM, Wiener M. How movements shape the perception of time. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:950-963. [PMID: 34531138 PMCID: PMC9991018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to keep up with a changing environment, mobile organisms must be capable of deciding both where and when to move. This precision necessitates a strong sense of time, as otherwise we would fail in many of our movement goals. Yet, despite this intrinsic link, only recently have researchers begun to understand how these two features interact. Primarily, two effects have been observed: movements can bias time estimates, but they can also make them more precise. Here we review this literature and propose that both effects can be explained by a Bayesian cue combination framework, in which movement itself affords the most precise representation of time, which can influence perception in either feedforward or active sensing modes.
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13
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A Pilot Trial Examining the Merits of Combining Amantadine and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Intervention for Persons With Disordered Consciousness After TBI. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 35:371-387. [PMID: 33165151 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Report pilot findings of neurobehavioral gains and network changes observed in persons with disordered consciousness (DoC) who received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or amantadine (AMA), and then rTMS+AMA. PARTICIPANTS Four persons with DoC 1 to 15 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Alternate treatment-order, within-subject, baseline-controlled trial. MAIN MEASURES For group and individual neurobehavioral analyses, predetermined thresholds, based on mixed linear-effects models and conditional minimally detectable change, were used to define meaningful neurobehavioral change for the Disorders of Consciousness Scale-25 (DOCS) total and Auditory-Language measures. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the default mode and 6 other networks was examined. RESULTS Meaningful gains in DOCS total measures were observed for 75% of treatment segments and auditory-language gains were observed after rTMS, which doubled when rTMS preceded rTMS+AMA. Neurobehavioral changes were reflected in rsFC for language, salience, and sensorimotor networks. Between networks interactions were modulated, globally, after all treatments. CONCLUSIONS For persons with DoC 1 to 15 years after TBI, meaningful neurobehavioral gains were observed after provision of rTMS, AMA, and rTMS+AMA. Sequencing and combining of treatments to modulate broad-scale neural activity, via differing mechanisms, merits investigation in a future study powered to determine efficacy of this approach to enabling neurobehavioral recovery.
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14
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Fung BJ, Sutlief E, Hussain Shuler MG. Dopamine and the interdependency of time perception and reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:380-391. [PMID: 33652021 PMCID: PMC9062982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception of the world and is therefore of critical importance to the organization of human behavior. A corpus of work - including recent optogenetic evidence - implicates striatal dopamine as a crucial factor influencing the perception of time. Another stream of literature implicates dopamine in reward and motivation processes. However, these two domains of research have remained largely separated, despite neurobiological overlap and the apothegmatic notion that "time flies when you're having fun". This article constitutes a review of the literature linking time perception and reward, including neurobiological and behavioral studies. Together, these provide compelling support for the idea that time perception and reward processing interact via a common dopaminergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen J Fung
- The Behavioural Insights Team, Suite 3, Level 13/9 Hunter St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Elissa Sutlief
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marshall G Hussain Shuler
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Chassignolle M, Jovanovic L, Schmidt-Mutter C, Behr G, Giersch A, Coull JT. Dopamine Precursor Depletion in Healthy Volunteers Impairs Processing of Duration but Not Temporal Order. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:946-963. [PMID: 33656394 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies in animals and humans have implicated the neurotransmitter dopamine in duration processing. However, very few studies have examined dopamine's involvement in other forms of temporal processing such as temporal order judgments. In a randomized within-subject placebo-controlled design, we used acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD) to reduce availability of the dopamine precursors tyrosine and phenylalanine in healthy human volunteers. As compared to a nutritionally balanced drink, APTD significantly impaired the ability to accurately reproduce interval duration in a temporal reproduction task. In addition, and confirming previous findings, the direction of error differed as a function of individual differences in underlying dopamine function. Specifically, APTD caused participants with low baseline dopamine precursor availability to overestimate the elapse of time, whereas those with high dopamine availability underestimated time. In contrast to these effects on duration processing, there were no significant effects of APTD on the accuracy of discriminating the temporal order of visual stimuli. This pattern of results does not simply represent an effect of APTD on motor, rather than perceptual, measures of timing because APTD had no effect on participants' ability to use temporal cues to speed RT. Our results demonstrate, for the first time in healthy volunteers, a dopaminergic dissociation in judging metrical (duration) versus ordinal (temporal order) aspects of time.
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16
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Effects of Motor Tempo on Frontal Brain Activity: An fNIRS Study. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117597. [PMID: 33418074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People are able to modify the spontaneous pace of their actions to interact with their environment and others. This ability is underpinned by high-level cognitive functions but little is known in regard to the brain areas that underlie such temporal control. A salient practical issue is that current neuroimaging techniques (e.g., EEG, fMRI) are extremely sensitive to movement, which renders challenging any investigation of brain activity in the realm of whole-body motor paradigms. Within the last decade, the noninvasive imaging method of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become the reference tool for experimental motor paradigms due to its tolerance to motion artefacts. In the present study, we used a continuous-wave fNIRS system to record the prefrontal and motor hemodynamic responses of 16 participants, while they performed a spatial-tapping task varying in motor complexity and externally-paced tempi (i.e., 300 ms, 500 ms, 1200 ms). To discriminate between physiological noise and cerebral meaningful signals, the physiological data (i.e., heart and respiratory rates) were recorded so that frequency bands of such signals could be regressed from the fNIRS data. Particular attention was taken to control the precise position of the optodes in reference to the cranio-cerebral correlates of the NIR channels throughout the experimental session. Results indicated that fast pacing relied on greater activity of the motor areas whereas moving at close-to-spontaneous pace placed a heavier load on posterior prefrontal processes. These results provide new insight concerning the role of frontal cognitive control in modulating the pacing of voluntary motor behaviors.
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17
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Garcés MS, Alústiza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Goena J, Molero P, Radua J, Ortuño F. An fMRI Study Using a Combined Task of Interval Discrimination and Oddball Could Reveal Common Brain Circuits of Cognitive Change. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:786113. [PMID: 34987432 PMCID: PMC8721204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain networks responsible for time processing are involved during other cognitive processes, leading to a hypothesis that time-related processing is needed to perform a range of tasks across various cognitive functions. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze whether, in healthy subjects, the brain structures activated or deactivated during performance of timing and oddball-detection type tasks coincide. To this end, we conducted two independent signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies assessing the cerebral generators of the responses elicited by tasks based on timing and oddball-detection paradigms. Finally, we undertook a multimodal meta-analysis to detect brain regions common to the findings of the two previous meta-analyses. We found that healthy subjects showed significant activation in cortical areas related to timing and salience networks. The patterns of activation and deactivation corresponding to each task type partially coincided. We hypothesize that there exists a time and change-detection network that serves as a common underlying resource used in a broad range of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Garcés
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Irene Alústiza
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Goena
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood and Anxiety Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM ES, Barcelona, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet SE, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felipe Ortuño
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Hartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. Preliminary evidence for an association between intake of high-fat high-sugar diet, variations in peripheral dopamine precursor availability and dopamine-dependent cognition in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12917. [PMID: 33270945 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in dopaminergic transmission and cognitive function. Rodent studies suggest that diets rich in saturated fat and refined sugars (HFS), as opposed to diets diets low in saturated fat and refined sugars (LFS), change the dopamine system independent of excessive body weight. However, the impact of HFS on the human brain has not been investigated. Here, we compared the effect of dietary dopamine depletion on dopamine-dependent cognitive task performance between two groups differing in habitual intake of dietary fat and sugar. Specifically, we used a double-blind within-subject cross-over design to compare the effect of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion on a reinforcement learning and a working memory task, in two groups that are on opposite ends of the spectrum of self-reported HFS intake (low vs high intake: LFS vs HFS group). We tested 31 healthy young women matched for body mass index (mostly normal weight to overweight) and IQ. Depletion of peripheral precursors of dopamine reduced the working memory specific performance on the operation span task in the LFS, but not in the HFS group (P = 0.016). Learning from positive- and negative-reinforcement (probabilistic selection task) was increased in both diet groups after dopamine depletion (P = 0.049). As a secondary exploratory research question, we measured peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP) at baseline as an estimate for central dopamine levels. The HFS group had a significantly higher pDAP at baseline compared to the LFS group (P = 0.025). Our data provide the first evidence indicating that the intake of HFS is associated with changes in dopamine precursor availability, which is suggestive of changes in central dopamine levels in humans. The observed associations are present in a sample of normal to overweight participants (ie, in the absence of obesity), suggesting that the consumption of a HFS might already be associated with altered behaviours. Alternatively, the effects of HFS diet and obesity might be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hartmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa K Pauli
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Graziola F, Pellorca C, Di Criscio L, Vigevano F, Curatolo P, Capuano A. Impaired Motor Timing in Tourette Syndrome: Results From a Case-Control Study in Children. Front Neurol 2020; 11:552701. [PMID: 33192986 PMCID: PMC7658319 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.552701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is very frequent in the pediatric population as well as the presence of an impairment of the executive functions. The aim of our study was to investigate motor timing, that is, the temporal organization of motor behavior, in a pediatric population of Tourette patients. Thirty-seven Tourette patients (divided in 22 “pure” Tourette patients and 15 with ADHD) were compared with 22 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects. All subjects underwent a neuropsychiatric screening and were tested for their planning and decision-making abilities by using a standardized test, such as Tower of London (ToL). Two experimental paradigms were adopted: finger-tapping test (FTT), a free motor tapping task, and synchronization–continuation task. An accuracy index was calculated as measure of ability of synchronization. We found that “pure” TS as well as TS+ADHD showed lower scores in the FTT for the dominant and non-dominant hands than controls. Moreover, in the synchronization and continuation test, we observed an overall lack of accuracy in both TS groups in the continuation phase for 2,000 ms (supra-second interval), interestingly, with opposite direction of accuracy index. Thus, “pure” TS patients were classified as “behind the beat,” whereas, TS+ADHD as “ahead of the beat.” The performance in the finger tapping was inversely correlated to ToL total scores and execution time, whereas we did not find any correlation with the accuracy index of the synchronization and continuation test. In conclusion, here, we explored motor timing ability in a childhood cohort of Tourette patients, confirming that patients exhibit an impaired temporal control of motor behavior and these findings may be explained by the common underlying neurobiology of TS and motor timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Graziola
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pellorca
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Di Criscio
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Zhuang JY, Wang JX, Lei Q, Zhang W, Fan M. Neural Basis of Increased Cognitive Control of Impulsivity During the Mid-Luteal Phase Relative to the Late Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:568399. [PMID: 33304251 PMCID: PMC7693576 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.568399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle have been shown to influence reward-related motivation and impulsive behaviors. Here, with the aim of examining the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control of impulsivity, we compared event-related monetary delay discounting task behavior and concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed brain activity as well as resting state (rs)-fMRI activity, between women in the mid-luteal phase (LP) and women in the late follicular phase (FP). The behavioral data were analyzed and related to neural activation data. In the delay discounting task, women in the late FP were more responsive to short-term rewards (i.e., showed a greater discount rate) than women in the mid-LP, while also showing greater activity in the dorsal striatum (DS). Discount rate (transformed k) correlated with functional connectivity between the DS and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), consistent with previous findings indicating that DS-dlPFC circuitry may regulate impulsivity. Our rs-fMRI data further showed that the right dlPFC was significantly more active in the mid-LP than in late FP, and this effect was sensitive to absolute and relative estradiol levels during the mid-LP. DS-dlPFC functional connectivity magnitude correlated negatively with psychometric impulsivity scores during the late FP, consistent with our behavioral data and further indicating that relative estradiol levels may play an important role in augmenting cognitive control. These findings provide new insight into the treatment of conditions characterized by hyper-impulsivity, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, our results suggest that cyclical gonadal hormones affect cognitive control of impulsive behavior in a periodic manner, possibility via DS-dlPFC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Zhuang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xi Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lei
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Binetti N, Tomassini A, Friston K, Bestmann S. Uncoupling Sensation and Perception in Human Time Processing. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1369-1380. [PMID: 32163321 PMCID: PMC8594961 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Timing emerges from a hierarchy of computations ranging from early encoding of physical duration (time sensation) to abstract time representations (time perception) suitable for storage and decisional processes. However, the neural basis of the perceptual experience of time remains elusive. To address this, we dissociate brain activity uniquely related to lower-level sensory and higher-order perceptual timing operations, using event-related fMRI. Participants compared subsecond (500 msec) sinusoidal gratings drifting with constant velocity (standard) against two probe stimuli: (1) control gratings drifting at constant velocity or (2) accelerating gratings, which induced illusory shortening of time. We tested two probe intervals: a 500-msec duration (Short) and a longer duration required for an accelerating probe to be perceived as long as the standard (Long—individually determined). On each trial, participants classified the probe as shorter or longer than the standard. This allowed for comparison of trials with an “Objective” (physical) or “Subjective” (perceived) difference in duration, based on participant classifications. Objective duration revealed responses in bilateral early extrastriate areas, extending to higher visual areas in the fusiform gyrus (at more lenient thresholds). By contrast, Subjective duration was reflected by distributed responses in a cortical/subcortical areas. This comprised the left superior frontal gyrus and the left cerebellum, and a wider set of common timing areas including the BG, parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest two functionally independent timing stages: early extraction of duration information in sensory cortices and Subjective experience of duration in a higher-order cortical–subcortical timing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London
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22
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Martel A, Apicella P. Temporal processing in the striatum: Interplay between midbrain dopamine neurons and striatal cholinergic interneurons. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2090-2099. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Caroline Martel
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Marseille France
| | - Paul Apicella
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone UMR 7289 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS Marseille France
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23
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Palmisano C, Brandt G, Vissani M, Pozzi NG, Canessa A, Brumberg J, Marotta G, Volkmann J, Mazzoni A, Pezzoli G, Frigo CA, Isaias IU. Gait Initiation in Parkinson's Disease: Impact of Dopamine Depletion and Initial Stance Condition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:137. [PMID: 32211390 PMCID: PMC7068722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postural instability, in particular at gait initiation (GI), and resulting falls are a major determinant of poor quality of life in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Still, the contribution of the basal ganglia and dopamine on the feedforward postural control associated with this motor task is poorly known. In addition, the influence of anthropometric measures (AM) and initial stance condition on GI has never been consistently assessed. The biomechanical resultants of anticipatory postural adjustments contributing to GI [imbalance (IMB), unloading (UNL), and stepping phase) were studied in 26 unmedicated subjects with idiopathic PD and in 27 healthy subjects. A subset of 13 patients was analyzed under standardized medication conditions and the striatal dopaminergic innervation was studied in 22 patients using FP-CIT and SPECT. People with PD showed a significant reduction in center of pressure (CoP) displacement and velocity during the IMB phase, reduced first step length and velocity, and decreased velocity and acceleration of the center of mass (CoM) at toe off of the stance foot. All these measurements correlated with the dopaminergic innervation of the putamen and substantially improved with levodopa. These results were not influenced by anthropometric parameters or by the initial stance condition. In contrast, most of the measurements of the UNL phase were influenced by the foot placement and did not correlate with putaminal dopaminergic innervation. Our results suggest a significant role of dopamine and the putamen particularly in the elaboration of the IMB phase of anticipatory postural adjustments and in the execution of the first step. The basal ganglia circuitry may contribute to defining the optimal referent body configuration for a proper initiation of gait and possibly gait adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,MBMC Lab, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregor Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Vissani
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Nicoló G Pozzi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Canessa
- Fondazione Europea di Ricerca Biomedica (FERB Onlus), Cernusco s/N (Milan), Italy
| | - Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Mazzoni
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | | | - Carlo A Frigo
- MBMC Lab, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg and The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Shafiei G, Zeighami Y, Clark CA, Coull JT, Nagano-Saito A, Leyton M, Dagher A, Mišic B. Dopamine Signaling Modulates the Stability and Integration of Intrinsic Brain Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:397-409. [PMID: 30357316 PMCID: PMC6294404 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic projections are hypothesized to stabilize neural signaling and neural representations, but how they shape regional information processing and large-scale network interactions remains unclear. Here we investigated effects of lowered dopamine levels on within-region temporal signal variability (measured by sample entropy) and between-region functional connectivity (measured by pairwise temporal correlations) in the healthy brain at rest. The acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) method was used to decrease dopamine synthesis in 51 healthy participants who underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scanning. Functional connectivity and regional signal variability were estimated for each participant. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to statistically assess changes in signal variability following APTD as compared with the balanced control treatment. The analysis captured a pattern of increased regional signal variability following dopamine depletion. Changes in hemodynamic signal variability were concomitant with changes in functional connectivity, such that nodes with greatest increase in signal variability following dopamine depletion also experienced greatest decrease in functional connectivity. Our results suggest that dopamine may act to stabilize neural signaling, particularly in networks related to motor function and orienting attention towards behaviorally-relevant stimuli. Moreover, dopamine-dependent signal variability is critically associated with functional embedding of individual areas in large-scale networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golia Shafiei
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Crystal A Clark
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Federation 3C, Aix-Marseille University, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Mišic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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25
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Sares AG, Deroche MLD, Shiller DM, Gracco VL. Adults who stutter and metronome synchronization: evidence for a nonspeech timing deficit. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1449:56-69. [PMID: 31144336 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Speech timing deficits have been proposed as a causal factor in the disorder of stuttering. The question of whether individuals who stutter have deficits in nonspeech timing is one that has been revisited often, with conflicting results. Here, we uncover subtle differences in a manual metronome synchronization task that included tempo changes with adults who stutter and fluent speakers. We used sensitive circular statistics to examine both asynchrony and consistency in motor production. While both groups displayed a classic negative mean asynchrony (tapping before the beat), individuals who stutter anticipated the beat even more than their fluent peers, and their consistency was particularly affected at slow tempi. Surprisingly, individuals who stutter did not have problems with interval correction at tempo changes. We also examined the influence of music experience on synchronization behavior in both groups. While music perception and training were related to synchronization behavior in fluent participants, these correlations were not present for the stuttering group; however, one measure of stuttering severity (self-rated severity) was negatively correlated with music training. Overall, we found subtle differences in paced auditory-motor synchronization in individuals who stutter, consistent with a timing problem extending to nonspeech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G Sares
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mickael L D Deroche
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Douglas M Shiller
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent L Gracco
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Yanakieva S, Polychroni N, Family N, Williams LTJ, Luke DP, Terhune DB. The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1159-1170. [PMID: 30478716 PMCID: PMC6591199 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous research demonstrating that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces alterations in time perception has implications for its impact on conscious states and a range of psychological functions that necessitate precise interval timing. However, interpretation of this research is hindered by methodological limitations and an inability to dissociate direct neurochemical effects on interval timing from indirect effects attributable to altered states of consciousness. METHODS We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study contrasting oral administration of placebo with three microdoses of LSD (5, 10, and 20 μg) in older adults. Subjective drug effects were regularly recorded and interval timing was assessed using a temporal reproduction task spanning subsecond and suprasecond intervals. RESULTS LSD conditions were not associated with any robust changes in self-report indices of perception, mentation, or concentration. LSD reliably produced over-reproduction of temporal intervals of 2000 ms and longer with these effects most pronounced in the 10 μg dose condition. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that LSD-mediated over-reproduction was independent of marginal differences in self-reported drug effects across conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that microdose LSD produces temporal dilation of suprasecond intervals in the absence of subjective alterations of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steliana Yanakieva
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Naya Polychroni
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | | | - Luke T J Williams
- Eleusis Pharmaceuticals Ltd, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David P Luke
- Department of Psychology, Social Work, & Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Graham-Schmidt KT, Martin-Iverson MT, Waters FAV. Setting the beat of an internal clock: Effects of dexamphetamine on different interval ranges of temporal processing in healthy volunteers. Psych J 2019; 8:90-109. [PMID: 30793518 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug studies are powerful models to investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying temporal processing in humans. This study administered dexamphetamine to 24 healthy volunteers to investigate time perception at different time scales, along with contributions from working memory. Healthy volunteers were administered 0.45 mg/kg dexamphetamine or placebo in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled design. Time perception was assessed using three experimental tasks: a time-discrimination task, which asked participants to determine whether a comparison interval (1200 ± 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ms) was shorter or longer than a standard interval (1200 ms); a retrospective time estimation task, which required participants to verbally estimate time intervals (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s) retrospectively; and a prospective time-production task, where participants were required to prospectively monitor the passing of time (10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s). Working memory was assessed with the backwards digit span. On the discrimination task, there was a change in the proportion of long-to-short responses and reaction times in the dexamphetamine condition (but no association with working memory), consistent with an increase in the speed of an internal pacemaker, and an overestimation of durations in the timing of shorter intervals. There was an interaction between dexamphetamine, working memory, and performance on the estimation and production tasks, whereby increasing digit span scores were associated with decreasing interval estimates and increased produced intervals in the placebo condition, but were associated with increased interval estimates and decreased produced intervals after dexamphetamine administration. These findings indicate that the dexamphetamine-induced increase in the speed of the internal pacemaker was modulated by the basal working memory capacity of each participant. These findings in healthy humans have important implications for the role of dopamine, and its contributions to timing deficits, in models of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyran T Graham-Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew T Martin-Iverson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Statewide Department of Neurophysiology, Clinical Research Unit, North Metro Area Mental Health, Graylands Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Flavie A V Waters
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Health Campus, North Metropolitan Health Services - Mental Health, Mount Claremont, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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Suárez-Pinilla M, Nikiforou K, Fountas Z, Seth AK, Roseboom W. Perceptual Content, Not Physiological Signals, Determines Perceived Duration When Viewing Dynamic, Natural Scenes. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural basis of time perception remains unknown. A prominent account is the pacemaker-accumulator model, wherein regular ticks of some physiological or neural pacemaker are read out as time. Putative candidates for the pacemaker have been suggested in physiological processes (heartbeat), or dopaminergic mid-brain neurons, whose activity has been associated with spontaneous blinking. However, such proposals have difficulty accounting for observations that time perception varies systematically with perceptual content. We examined physiological influences on human duration estimates for naturalistic videos between 1–64 seconds using cardiac and eye recordings. Duration estimates were biased by the amount of change in scene content. Contrary to previous claims, heart rate, and blinking were not related to duration estimates. Our results support a recent proposal that tracking change in perceptual classification networks provides a basis for human time perception, and suggest that previous assertions of the importance of physiological factors should be tempered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Zafeirios Fountas
- Emotech Labs, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anil K. Seth
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Warrick Roseboom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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29
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Marinho FVC, Pinto GR, Oliveira T, Gomes A, Lima V, Ferreira-Fernandes H, Rocha K, Magalhães F, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Gupta D, Bastos VH, Teixeira S. The SLC6A3 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms association in the time estimation. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:253-262. [PMID: 30310975 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the association of 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms with a time estimation task performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eight men in a Brazilian Northeast population (18-32 years old) participated in the experiment. The 3'-UTR VNTR and intron 8 VNTR polymorphisms were associated alone and combined to absolute error (AE) and relative error (RE) in a time estimation task (target duration: 1 s, 4 s, 7 s and 9 s). RESULTS We found an association of the behavioral variable with intron 8 VNTR for the time intervals of 1 s and 9 s (p < 0.001) and polymorphisms combinatorial effect for 1 s (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The intron 8 VNTR polymorphism and the combinatorial effect can modulate the time estimate in the domain of supra seconds, and thus our study indicates a role of the dopamine transporter in the neurobiological areas related to the time intervals judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Victor Costa Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião no. 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil. .,Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil. .,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião no. 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gomes
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Valéria Lima
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Hygor Ferreira-Fernandes
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião no. 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião no. 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Cagy
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology and Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião no. 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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30
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Liang S, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Duan S, Zhang T, Huang Q, Sun X, Liu H, Dong J, Liu W, Tao J, Zhao S, Nie B, Chen L, Shan B. Abnormal Metabolic Connectivity in Rats at the Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:715-724. [PMID: 30083891 PMCID: PMC6129253 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke at the acute stage is a major cause of disability in adults, and is associated with dysfunction of brain networks. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in brain connectivity in stroke are far from fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated brain metabolism and metabolic connectivity in a rat ischemic stroke model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at the acute stage using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Voxel-wise analysis showed decreased metabolism mainly in the ipsilesional hemisphere, and increased metabolism mainly in the contralesional cerebellum. We used further metabolic connectivity analysis to explore the brain metabolic network in MCAO. Compared to sham controls, rats with MCAO showed most significantly reduced nodal and local efficiency in the ipsilesional striatum. In addition, the MCAO group showed decreased metabolic central connection of the ipsilesional striatum with the ipsilesional cerebellum, ipsilesional hippocampus, and bilateral hypothalamus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated abnormal metabolic connectivity in rats at the acute stage of ischemic stroke, which might provide insight into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Liang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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31
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Coull JT, Droit-Volet S. Explicit Understanding of Duration Develops Implicitly through Action. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:923-937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Not All Predictions Are Equal: "What" and "When" Predictions Modulate Activity in Auditory Cortex through Different Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8680-8693. [PMID: 30143578 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0369-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using predictions based on environmental regularities is fundamental for adaptive behavior. While it is widely accepted that predictions across different stimulus attributes (e.g., time and content) facilitate sensory processing, it is unknown whether predictions across these attributes rely on the same neural mechanism. Here, to elucidate the neural mechanisms of predictions, we combine invasive electrophysiological recordings (human electrocorticography in 4 females and 2 males) with computational modeling while manipulating predictions about content ("what") and time ("when"). We found that "when" predictions increased evoked activity over motor and prefrontal regions both at early (∼180 ms) and late (430-450 ms) latencies. "What" predictability, however, increased evoked activity only over prefrontal areas late in time (420-460 ms). Beyond these dissociable influences, we found that "what" and "when" predictability interactively modulated the amplitude of early (165 ms) evoked responses in the superior temporal gyrus. We modeled the observed neural responses using biophysically realistic neural mass models, to better understand whether "what" and "when" predictions tap into similar or different neurophysiological mechanisms. Our modeling results suggest that "what" and "when" predictability rely on complementary neural processes: "what" predictions increased short-term plasticity in auditory areas, whereas "when" predictability increased synaptic gain in motor areas. Thus, content and temporal predictions engage complementary neural mechanisms in different regions, suggesting domain-specific prediction signaling along the cortical hierarchy. Encoding predictions through different mechanisms may endow the brain with the flexibility to efficiently signal different sources of predictions, weight them by their reliability, and allow for their encoding without mutual interference.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Predictions of different stimulus features facilitate sensory processing. However, it is unclear whether predictions of different attributes rely on similar or different neural mechanisms. By combining invasive electrophysiological recordings of cortical activity with experimental manipulations of participants' predictions about content and time of acoustic events, we found that the two types of predictions had dissociable influences on cortical activity, both in terms of the regions involved and the timing of the observed effects. Further, our biophysical modeling analysis suggests that predictability of content and time rely on complementary neural processes: short-term plasticity in auditory areas and synaptic gain in motor areas, respectively. This suggests that predictions of different features are encoded with complementary neural mechanisms in different brain regions.
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33
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Kolling N, O'Reilly JX. State-change decisions and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex: the importance of time. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 22:152-160. [PMID: 30123818 PMCID: PMC6095941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Different kinds of decision making can be categorized by their differential effect on the agent’s current and future states as well as the computational challenges they pose. Here, we draw a distinction between within-state and state-change decision-making, and propose that a dedicated decision mechanism exists in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) that is specialized for state-change decisions. We set out a formal framework in which state change decisions may be made on the basis of the integrated momentary reward rate, over the intended time to be spent in a state. A key feature of this framework is that reward rate is expressed as a function of continuous time. We argue that dmPFC is suited for this type of decision making partly due to its ability to track the passage of time. This proposed function of dmPFC is placed in contrast to other evaluative systems such as the orbitofrontal cortex, which is important for careful deliberation within a specific model-space or option-space and within a decision strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kolling
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre of Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill X O'Reilly
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (MRI), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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34
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Slater JL, Tate MC. Timing Deficits in ADHD: Insights From the Neuroscience of Musical Rhythm. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 30034331 PMCID: PMC6043674 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday human behavior relies upon extraordinary feats of coordination within the brain. In this perspective paper, we argue that the rich temporal structure of music provides an informative context in which to investigate how the brain coordinates its complex activities in time, and how that coordination can be disrupted. We bring insights from the neuroscience of musical rhythm to considerations of timing deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), highlighting the significant overlap between neural systems involved in processing musical rhythm and those implicated in ADHD. We suggest that timing deficits warrant closer investigation since they could lead to the identification of potentially informative phenotypes, tied to neurobiological and genetic factors. Our novel interdisciplinary approach builds upon recent trends in both fields of research: in the neuroscience of rhythm, an increasingly nuanced understanding of the specific contributions of neural systems to rhythm processing, and in ADHD, an increasing focus on differentiating phenotypes and identifying distinct etiological pathways associated with the disorder. Finally, we consider the impact of musical experience on rhythm processing and the potential value of musical rhythm in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Slater
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew C. Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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35
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Nie B, Liang S, Jiang X, Duan S, Huang Q, Zhang T, Li P, Liu H, Shan B. An Automatic Method for Generating an Unbiased Intensity Normalizing Factor in Positron Emission Tomography Image Analysis After Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:833-841. [PMID: 29876785 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of functional metabolism has been widely used to investigate functional recovery and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy after stroke. The voxel intensity of a PET image is the most important indicator of cellular activity, but is affected by other factors such as the basal metabolic ratio of each subject. In order to locate dysfunctional regions accurately, intensity normalization by a scale factor is a prerequisite in the data analysis, for which the global mean value is most widely used. However, this is unsuitable for stroke studies. Alternatively, a specified scale factor calculated from a reference region is also used, comprising neither hyper- nor hypo-metabolic voxels. But there is no such recognized reference region for stroke studies. Therefore, we proposed a totally data-driven automatic method for unbiased scale factor generation. This factor was generated iteratively until the residual deviation of two adjacent scale factors was reduced by < 5%. Moreover, both simulated and real stroke data were used for evaluation, and these suggested that our proposed unbiased scale factor has better sensitivity and accuracy for stroke studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Nie
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,Physical Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Panlong Li
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China.,Physical Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Ciullo V, Piras F, Vecchio D, Banaj N, Coull JT, Spalletta G. Predictive timing disturbance is a precise marker of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2018; 12:42-49. [PMID: 29928596 PMCID: PMC6007042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Timing disturbances have being proposed as a key component of schizophrenia pathogenesis. However, the contribution of cognitive impairment to such disorders has not been clarified. Here, we investigated duration estimation and predictive timing in 30 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ) compared to 30 healthy controls (HC). Duration estimation was examined in a temporal and colour discrimination task, fully controlled for working memory (WM) and attention requirements, and by more traditional temporal production and temporal bisection tasks. Predictive timing was measured in a temporal and spatial orienting of attention task. Expectations about stimulus onset (temporal condition) or location (spatial condition) were induced by valid and invalid symbolic cues. Results showed that discrimination of temporal and colour stimulus attributes was equally impaired in SZ. This, taken with the positive correlation between temporal bisection performance and neuropsychological measures of WM, indicates that duration estimation impairments in SZ are underpinned by WM dysfunction. Conversely, we found dissociation in temporal and spatial predictive ability in SZ. Unlike controls, patients were selectively unperturbed by events appearing at an unexpected moment in time, though were perturbed by targets appearing at an unexpected location. Moreover, patients were able to generate temporal expectations more implicitly, as their performance was influenced by the predictive nature of the flow of time itself. Our findings shed new light on the debate over the specificity of timing distortions in SZ, providing evidence that predictive timing is a precise marker of SZ, more sensitive than duration estimation, serving as a valid heuristic for studying the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer T. Coull
- Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Interval timing under a behavioral microscope: Dissociating motivational and timing processes in fixed-interval performance. Learn Behav 2018; 45:29-48. [PMID: 27443193 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-016-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of latencies and interresponse times (IRTs) of rats was compared between two fixed-interval (FI) schedules of food reinforcement (FI 30 s and FI 90 s), and between two levels of food deprivation. Computational modeling revealed that latencies and IRTs were well described by mixture probability distributions embodying two-state Markov chains. Analysis of these models revealed that only a subset of latencies is sensitive to the periodicity of reinforcement, and prefeeding only reduces the size of this subset. The distribution of IRTs suggests that behavior in FI schedules is organized in bouts that lengthen and ramp up in frequency with proximity to reinforcement. Prefeeding slowed down the lengthening of bouts and increased the time between bouts. When concatenated, latency and IRT models adequately reproduced sigmoidal FI response functions. These findings suggest that behavior in FI schedules fluctuates in and out of schedule control; an account of such fluctuation suggests that timing and motivation are dissociable components of FI performance. These mixture-distribution models also provide novel insights on the motivational, associative, and timing processes expressed in FI performance. These processes may be obscured, however, when performance in timing tasks is analyzed in terms of mean response rates.
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38
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Ramdani C, Vidal F, Dagher A, Carbonnell L, Hasbroucq T. Dopamine and response selection: an Acute Phenylalanine/Tyrosine Depletion study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1307-1316. [PMID: 29427079 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of dopaminergic system in decision-making is well documented, and evidence suggests that it could play a significant role in response selection processes. The N-40 is a fronto-central event-related potential, generated by the supplementary motor areas (SMAs) and a physiological index of response selection processes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether infraclinical effects of dopamine depletion on response selection processes could be evidenced via alterations of the N-40. We obtained a dopamine depletion in healthy volunteers with the acute phenylalanine and tyrosine depletion (APTD) method which consists in decreasing the availability of dopamine precursors. Subjects realized a Simon task in the APTD condition and in the control condition. When the stimulus was presented on the same side as the required response, the stimulus-response association was congruent and when the stimulus was presented on the opposite side of the required response, the stimulus-response association was incongruent. The N-40 was smaller for congruent associations than for incongruent associations. Moreover, the N-40 was sensitive to the level of dopaminergic activity with a decrease in APTD condition compared to control condition. This modulation of the N-40 by dopaminergic level could not be explained by a global decrease of cerebral electrogenesis, since negativities and positivities indexing the recruitment of the primary motor cortex (anatomically adjacent to the SMA) were unaffected by APTD. The specific sensitivity of N-40 to ATPD supports the model of Keeler et al. (Neuroscience 282:156-175, 2014) according to which the dopaminergic system is involved in response selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ramdani
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
| | - Franck Vidal
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ/CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Thierry Hasbroucq
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix-Marseille Univ/CNRS, Marseille, France
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39
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Magalhães F, Rocha K, Marinho V, Ribeiro J, Oliveira T, Ayres C, Bento T, Leite F, Gupta D, Bastos VH, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Orsini M, Teixeira S. Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:26. [PMID: 29554962 PMCID: PMC5858149 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is described as resulting from dopaminergic cells progressive degeneration, specifically in the substantia nigra pars compacta that influence the voluntary movements control, decision making and time perception. AIM This review had a goal to update the relation between time perception and Parkinson's Disease. METHODOLOGY We used the PRISMA methodology for this investigation built guided for subjects dopaminergic dysfunction in the time judgment, pharmacological models with levodopa and new studies on the time perception in Parkinson's Disease. We researched on databases Scielo, Pubmed / Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge on August 2017 and repeated in September 2017 and February 2018 using terms and associations relevant for obtaining articles in English about the aspects neurobiology incorporated in time perception. No publication status or restriction of publication date was imposed, but we used as exclusion criteria: dissertations, book reviews, conferences or editorial work. RESULTS/DISCUSSION We have demonstrated that the time cognitive processes are underlying to performance in cognitive tasks and that many are the brain areas and functions involved and the modulators in the time perception performance. CONCLUSIONS The influence of dopaminergic on Parkinson's Disease is an important research tool in Neuroscience while allowing for the search for clarifications regarding behavioral phenotypes of Parkinson's disease patients and to study the areas of the brain that are involved in the dopaminergic circuit and their integration with the time perception mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil. .,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Carla Ayres
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Thalys Bento
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Francisca Leite
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Daya Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Braz, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Braz, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program Professional Master in Applied Science in Health/UNISUAM, Av. Paris, 84, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-020, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Av. São Sebastião n° 2819, Nossa Sra. de Fátima, Parnaíba, PI, 64202-020, Brazil.,The Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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40
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Manza P, Schwartz G, Masson M, Kann S, Volkow ND, Li CSR, Leung HC. Levodopa improves response inhibition and enhances striatal activation in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:12-22. [PMID: 29501966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic medications improve the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but their effect on response inhibition, a critical executive function, remains unclear. Previous studies primarily enrolled patients in more advanced stages of PD, when dopaminergic medication loses efficacy, and patients were typically on multiple medications. Here, we recruited 21 patients in early-stage PD on levodopa monotherapy and 37 age-matched controls to perform the stop-signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to previous studies reporting null effects in more advanced PD, levodopa significantly improved response inhibition performance in our sample. No significant group differences were found in brain activations to pure motor inhibition or error processing (stop success vs. error trials). However, relative to controls, the PD group showed weaker striatal activations to salient events (infrequent vs. frequent events: stop vs. go trials) and fronto-striatal task-residual functional connectivity; both were restored with levodopa. Thus, levodopa appears to improve an important executive function in early-stage PD via enhanced salient signal processing, shedding new light on the role of dopaminergic signaling in response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Guy Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Mala Masson
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Kann
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Department of Psychology, Integrative Neuroscience Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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41
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Mioni G, Capizzi M, Vallesi A, Correa Á, Di Giacopo R, Stablum F. Dissociating Explicit and Implicit Timing in Parkinson's Disease Patients: Evidence from Bisection and Foreperiod Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29467632 PMCID: PMC5808217 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent body of literature reported that Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by severe deficits in temporal processing. However, the exact nature of timing problems in PD patients is still elusive. In particular, what remains unclear is whether the temporal dysfunction observed in PD patients regards explicit and/or implicit timing. Explicit timing tasks require participants to attend to the duration of the stimulus, whereas in implicit timing tasks no explicit instruction to process time is received but time still affects performance. In the present study, we investigated temporal ability in PD by comparing 20 PD participants and 20 control participants in both explicit and implicit timing tasks. Specifically, we used a time bisection task to investigate explicit timing and a foreperiod task for implicit timing. Moreover, this is the first study investigating sequential effects in PD participants. Results showed preserved temporal ability in PD participants in the implicit timing task only (i.e., normal foreperiod and sequential effects). By contrast, PD participants failed in the explicit timing task as they displayed shorter perceived durations and higher variability compared to controls. Overall, the dissociation reported here supports the idea that timing can be differentiated according to whether it is explicitly or implicitly processed, and that PD participants are selectively impaired in the explicit processing of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - Ángel Correa
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raffaella Di Giacopo
- Institute of Neurology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Franca Stablum
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
RATIONALE Impairment in time perception, a critical component of decision-making, represents a risk factor for psychiatric conditions including substance abuse. A therapeutic that ameliorates this impairment could be advantageous in the treatment of impulsivity and decision-making disorders. OBJECTIVES Here we hypothesize that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone, which increases dopamine tone in frontal cortex (Ceravolo et al Synapse 43:201-207, 2002), improves time perception, with predictive behavioral, genetic, and neurobiological components. METHODS Subjects (n = 66) completed a duration estimation task and other behavioral testing in each of two sessions after receiving a single oral dose of tolcapone (200 mg) or placebo in randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Resting state fMRI data were obtained in a subset of subjects (n = 40). Subjects were also genotyped for the COMT (rs4680) polymorphism. RESULTS Time perception was significantly improved across four proximal time points ranging from 5 to 60 s (T(524) = 2.04, p = 0.042). The degree of this improvement positively correlated with subjective measures of stress, depression, and alcohol consumption and was most robust in carriers of the COMT Val158 allele. Using seed regions defined by a previous meta-analysis (Wiener et al Neuroimage 49:1728-1740, 2010), we found not only that a connection from right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) to right putamen decreases in strength on tolcapone versus placebo (p < 0.05, corrected), but also that the strength of this decrease correlates inversely with the increase in duration estimation on tolcapone versus placebo (r = - 0.37, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Compressed time perception can be ameliorated by administration of tolcapone. Additional studies should be conducted to determine whether COMT inhibitors may be effective in treating decision-making disorders and addictive behaviors.
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43
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Causal Role of Noradrenaline in the Timing of Internally Generated Saccades in Monkeys. Neuroscience 2017; 366:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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44
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Marinho V, Oliveira T, Rocha K, Ribeiro J, Magalhães F, Bento T, Pinto GR, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Di Giorgio L, Orsini M, Gupta DS, Bittencourt J, Bastos VH, Teixeira S. The dopaminergic system dynamic in the time perception: a review of the evidence. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:262-282. [PMID: 28950734 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1385614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic system plays a key role in perception, which is an important executive function of the brain. Modulation in dopaminergic system forms an important biochemical underpinning of neural mechanisms of time perception in a very wide range, from milliseconds to seconds to longer daily rhythms. Distinct types of temporal experience are poorly understood, and the relationship between processing of different intervals by the brain has received little attention. A comprehensive understanding of interval timing functions should be sought within a wider context of temporal processing, involving genetic aspects, pharmacological models, cognitive aspects, motor control and the neurological diseases with impaired dopaminergic system. Particularly, an unexplored question is whether the role of dopamine in interval timing can be integrated with the role of dopamine in non-interval timing temporal components. In this review, we explore a wider perspective of dopaminergic system, involving genetic polymorphisms, pharmacological models, executive functions and neurological diseases on the time perception. We conclude that the dopaminergic system has great participation in impact on time perception and neurobiological basis of the executive functions and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Marinho
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil.,b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Thomaz Oliveira
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil.,b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ribeiro
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Thalys Bento
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- b Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Luiza Di Giorgio
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- c Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,d Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- e Department of Biology , Camden County College , Blackwood , NJ , USA
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- f Biomedical Engineering Program (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- g Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- a Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Parnaíba , Brazil
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45
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Quansah E, Ruiz-Rodado V, Grootveld M, Probert F, Zetterström TSC. 1H NMR-based metabolomics reveals neurochemical alterations in the brain of adolescent rats following acute methylphenidate administration. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:109-120. [PMID: 28268188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is increasingly used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While there is little evidence for common brain pathology in ADHD, some studies suggest a right hemisphere dysfunction among people diagnosed with the condition. However, in spite of the high usage of MPH in children and adolescents, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Given that MPH blocks the neuronal transporters for dopamine and noradrenaline, most research into the effects of MPH on the brain has largely focused on these two monoamine neurotransmitter systems. Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated metabolic changes in the brain of ADHD patients, but the impact of MPH on endogenous brain metabolites remains unclear. In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the effects of MPH on brain biomolecules. Adolescent male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with MPH (5.0 mg/kg) or saline (1.0 ml/kg), and cerebral extracts from the left and right hemispheres were analysed. A total of 22 variables (representing 13 distinct metabolites) were significantly increased in the MPH-treated samples relative to the saline-treated controls. The upregulated metabolites included: amino acid neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate and aspartate; large neutral amino acids (LNAA), including the aromatic amino acids (AAA) tyrosine and phenylalanine, both of which are involved in the metabolism of dopamine and noradrenaline; and metabolites associated with energy and cell membrane dynamics, such as creatine and myo-inositol. No significant differences in metabolite concentrations were found between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of the anti-ADHD drug MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quansah
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Tyra S C Zetterström
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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46
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Reduction in Pain and Inflammation Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain With the Use of the Medical Food Theramine. Am J Ther 2017; 23:e1353-e1362. [PMID: 25237981 PMCID: PMC5102273 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Management of chronic back pain is a challenge for physicians. Although standard treatments exert a modest effect, they are associated with narcotic addiction and serious side effects from nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Moreover, neurotransmitter depletion from both the pain syndrome and therapy may contribute to a poor treatment outcome. Neurotransmitter deficiency may be related both to increased turnover rate and inadequate neurotransmitter precursors from the diet, particularly for essential and semi-essential amino acids. Theramine, an amino acid blend 68405-1 (AAB), is a physician-prescribed only medical food. It contains neurotransmitter precursors and systems for increasing production and preventing attenuation of neurotransmitters. A double-blind controlled study of AAB, low-dose ibuprofen, and the coadministration of the 2 agents were performed. The primary end points included the Roland Morris index and Oswestry disability scale. The cohort included 122 patients aged between 18 and 75 years. The patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: AAB alone, ibuprofen alone, and the coadministration of the 2 agents. In addition, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and plasma amino acid concentrations were measured at baseline and 28 days time points. After treatment, the Oswestry Disability Index worsened by 4.52% in the ibuprofen group, improved 41.91% in the AAB group, and improved 62.15% in the combination group. The Roland Morris Index worsened by 0.73% in the ibuprofen group, improved by 50.3% in the AAB group, and improved 63.1% in the combination group. C-reactive protein in the ibuprofen group increased by 60.1%, decreased by 47.1% in the AAB group, and decreased by 36% in the combination group. Similar changes were seen in interleukin 6. Arginine, serine, histidine, and tryptophan levels were substantially reduced before treatment in the chronic pain syndrome and increased toward normal during treatment. There was a direct correlation between improvement in amino acid concentration and treatment response. Treatment with amino acid precursors was associated with substantial improvement in chronic back pain, reduction in inflammation, and improvement in back pain correlated with increased amino acid precursors to neurotransmitters in blood.
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Cona G, Semenza C. Supplementary motor area as key structure for domain-general sequence processing: A unified account. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:28-42. [PMID: 27856331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Teixeira S, Magalhães F, Marinho V, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Proposal for using time estimation training for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2016; 95:58-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dopamine Depletion Reduces Food-Related Reward Activity Independent of BMI. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1551-9. [PMID: 26450814 PMCID: PMC4832016 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reward sensitivity and possible alterations in the dopaminergic-reward system are associated with obesity. We therefore aimed to investigate the influence of dopamine depletion on food-reward processing. We investigated 34 female subjects in a randomized placebo-controlled, within-subject design (body mass index (BMI)=27.0 kg/m(2) ±4.79 SD; age=28 years ±4.97 SD) using an acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion drink representing dopamine depletion and a balanced amino acid drink as the control condition. Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a 'wanting' and 'liking' rating of food items. Eating behavior-related traits and states were assessed on the basis of questionnaires. Dopamine depletion resulted in reduced activation in the striatum and higher activation in the superior frontal gyrus independent of BMI. Brain activity during the wanting task activated a more distributed network than during the liking task. This network included gustatory, memory, visual, reward, and frontal regions. An interaction effect of dopamine depletion and the wanting/liking task was observed in the hippocampus. The interaction with the covariate BMI was significant in motor and control regions but not in the striatum. Our results support the notion of altered brain activity in the reward and prefrontal network with blunted dopaminergic action during food-reward processing. This effect is, however, independent of BMI, which contradicts the reward-deficiency hypothesis. This hints to the hypothesis suggesting a different or more complex mechanism underlying the dopaminergic reward function in obesity.
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